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THE IMPACT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Ch 17.3
THE ARTS
Architecture Court of Versailles Austrian emperor,
Swedish King and others had grandiose residences.
Rococo style of art– emphasized grace, charm and gentle action
MUSIC
Johann Sebastian Bach Organist Composer
George Frederic Handel Religious music including Handel’s Messiah
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Child prodigy composer
ENLIGHTENED DESPOT (ABSOLUTISM) A new type of monarchy emerges in late 18th
century Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment
principles while maintaining their royal powers. (Enlightenment - characterized by belief in the
power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine.)
(Despot - a king or other ruler with absolute, unlimited power)
ENLIGHTENED DESPOT (ABSOLUTISM) Prussia
Frederick the Great One of the best educated and most cultured
monarchs Established Enlightenment reforms including
abolished the use of torture (except in treason and murder). He granted limited freedom of speech and press and greater religious toleration.
But – he kept Prussia’s serfdom and rigid social structuresWelcome to Discovery Education Player
PRUSSIA – FREDERICK IIRULED 1740-1786
Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany)
Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession
Unified Prussia, part of the Holy Roman Empire, into one nation
THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE
Empress Maria Theresa
Ruled 1740 - 1780 Worked to centralize
the Austrian Empire She was not open to
philosophes’ calls for reform
She did help alleviate the condition of serfs
AUSTRIA – MARIA THERESARULED 1740 - 1780
Absolute monarch of Austria Fought Frederick II of Prussia for
control of Hungary and Silesia Reorganized the government Eased tax burden on her people Gave more rights to her subjects Gave birth to 16 children while in
power
Maria Theresa had 16 children including Marie Antoinette (#15) who married King Louis XVI of France
Joseph II (son of Maria Theresa) Co-ruled with mom 1765-1780 Ruled alone 1780 - 1790
Established reform ideas but largely failed Eliminated death penalty Established religious reform and principles of equality
RUSSIA
Catherine the Great 1762 – 1796 Intelligent Skeptical of
enlightenment ideasBut did put these reforms into place:
Free economic societyEncouraged educationRelaxed censorship Great military success
WARS
War of the Austrian Succession 1740 - 1748 When Maria Theresa took the Austrian throne,
King Frederick II of Prussia took advantage of “a woman” and invaded Austria.
France enters war on Prussia’s side Maria Theresa then makes alliance with Great
Britain 1748 – treaty made to return all territories
(except Silesia to Prussia) to their original owners
THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
New Allies (1756) France and England rivalry over American
colonies Prussia and Austria rivalry over Silesia This lead to France allying with Austria and
Russia joins in alliance Britain and Prussia align as allies
This allies led to the Seven Years’ War
THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
Three major areas of conflict Europe India North America
The War in Europe British and Prussians against the Austrians,
Russia and the French This part of the war ended in 1763 with all
territories going back to original owners
THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
The War in India Known as “the Great War for Empire” Fought in India and North America France against England England won because of persistence
THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
The War in North America Greatest of all the conflicts Known as the French and Indian War Areas of conflict
Waterways of the Gulf of St. Lawrence Ohio River valley
French moved down from Canada and up from Louisiana to establish forts in the Ohio River Valley.
French had support of Native Americans Treaty of Paris, 1763, lands east of the Mississippi River went
to England GREAT BRITAIN gained control of India and North America,
making it the world’s greatest colonial power. (test question) Seven Years' War video
end
16TH CENTURY
The 16th century began with European explorers traveling the globe and initiating a process that led to radical changes in the world; the 16th century fostered creativity and change, resulting in new inventions. It experience the growth of material wealth; it inspired new interest in learning; and it led to the formation of strong national states. These states would battle for the next few centuries
Over political freedom, absolutism, constitutionalism, and nationalism, and make western Europe a world leader. The forces that began in the 16th century have spread to every continent and influenced development all over the world. This is an important era in history.
Your assignment:
THE PRUSSIAN PRESS
You will assume the role of a political cartoonist or a columnist during the War of the Austrian Succession or the Seven Years’ War. Depict or write about a major event in a cartoon for a fictitious newspaper, The Prussian Press. You may include the balance of power in Europe, the fight over Silesia, or alliances formed by different countries. Consider whether Prussia would have invaded Austrian Silesia if it had known England would ally itself with Austria and enter the war against Prussia.