CHAPTER 11

Section 1: Civil War and Revolution

Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England

Section 3: English Colonial Expansion

Section 4: The Enlightenment

Section 5: The American Revolution

Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America

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11.5 Bell Ringer Question:What British policies were implemented in the mid-1700s, and how did the American colonists react to them?

The American Revolution

British policy Colonial Reaction Why did the British do it?

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New ideas in gov’t were not confined to Europe in the 1700s …..

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Seven Years War

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English war debts 1688-1783

British politicians expected the colonists to repay the war debt.

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The American RevolutionMercantilist trade laws began to be enforced….

And the colonists reacted ….

Political Cartoon

The American Revolution

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The American Revolution

Political Cartoon

The American Revolution

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Doesn’t EVERYONE have to pay taxes?

“Taxation without representation is tyranny."

WHY would the colonists believe that they didn’t have to pay??

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The American Revolution

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The American Revolution

Did everyone support the revolution?

Draw a two column chart …

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The American Revolution

• Patriots• 'Whigs', 'Congress-men',

or 'Americans' • included a full range of

social and economic classes, but all agreed to the need to defend the rights of Americans

• Loyalists• "Tories", or "King's men" • about 15-20% of the

population remained loyal to the British Crown

• typically older, less willing to break with old loyalties, often connected to the Church of England, and included many established merchants with business connections across the Empire, as well as royal officials

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The American Revolution

A minority of uncertain size tried to stay neutral in the war. Most kept a low profile. However, the Quakers, especially in Pennsylvania, were the most important group that was outspoken for neutrality.

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The American Revolution

The Patriots take action ….

Met in Philadelphia in 1774 (First Continental Congress) and demanded full rights of British citizens

Agreed to meet the next year …

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The American Revolution

By April 1775 BritishTroops felt threatened by colonists so they tried to

seize colonists’ guns & powder –The “shot heard 'round the world" -- Lexington &

Concord

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Second Continental Congress May 1775Philadelphia

The colonies prepare for war.

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The American Revolution

Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence

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Articles of Confederation 1781

One-house congress; each state had one vote

Weak central gov’t – could not levy taxes or coin money; could not regulate trade with foreign nations or states; no chief executive; only courts were state courts

Power was in the hands of the States.

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The American Revolution

Philadelphia Convention 1787

James Madison and Alexander Hamilton from the outset wanted to create a new government rather than "fix" the existing one.

The result was the Constitution of the United States.

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The American Revolution

The Constitution

• Federal system dividing power between a strong central gov’t and the states

• Three branches in central gov’t• Ratified 1789• Bill of Rights added in 1791

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The American RevolutionEffects of American Independence

• Major event in world history• Democratic gov’t was a radical idea at the

time• Restricted voting to males and property

owners

How are the ideals of the Enlightenment reflected in the Declaration of Independence

and the Constitution?

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The American Revolution

What British policies were implemented in the mid-1700s, and

how did the American colonists react to them?

Now, let’s look at today’s bellringer …

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The American Revolution

Colonists were forbidden toSettle in theLand west of theAppalachianMountains

Colonists felt that Britain was curbing their liberties.

Britain wanted to avoid American Indian uprising.

British Policy Colonial Reaction Possible British Cause

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The American Revolution

Sugar Act of 1764 - imposed taxes on sugar & other imports from non-British colonies.

Colonists saw this as a threat to their liberties.

Britain was enforcing its mercantilist trade laws. Why NOW?

British Policy Colonial Reaction Possible British Cause

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Stamp Act of 1765 – imposed a tax on all sorts of everyday documents

WHAT IS UP WITH THIS?? Colonists will boycott British goods to get Parliament to repeal the tax.

Britain was again trying to get money to pay for war debts.

British Policy Colonial Reaction Possible British Cause

Political Cartoon

The American Revolution

Benjamin Franklin’s Join, or Die political cartoon, published in 1754 in the Pennsylvania Gazette.

Political Cartoon

The American Revolution

Three men, symbols of Britain’s other colonies or enemies, egg on George Washington in bestowing thirteen Stripes on Britannia for being a tyrant to the American colonies.