Upload
chanel
View
34
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
CGE hands-on training workshop on GHG inventories. Jan 8-12 Environmental Management Corp. Republic of Korea Dr. Kyoung-sik Choi. Objectives. Test and analysis for Tier 1 method Feasibility study of Tier 2 Method CH4 Emission Coefficient constant by characteristics of landfill - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
CGE hands-on training CGE hands-on training workshop on GHG workshop on GHG
inventoriesinventories
Jan 8-12Jan 8-12
Environmental Management Corp.Environmental Management Corp.
Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea
Dr. Kyoung-sik ChoiDr. Kyoung-sik Choi
ObjectivesObjectives
• Test and analysis for Tier 1 method • Feasibility study of Tier 2 Method• CH4 Emission Coefficient constant by
characteristics of landfill
- Landfill Condition– Climate
• Comparison between Tier 1 and Tier 2 • Developing of reliable emission method by Tier
2 method
Apply IPCC Default value
UnderestimateEmission
IPCC MethodMeasurement of Emission
Reliability Problems
Measurement &Development of Reliability
Developing Status
IPCC Good Practice
How?
[Initial Status]
[MOE Proposal]
Developing status
Emission Patterns in Landfill
ExtractionWell
SurfaceDiffusion
Time
Emission Rate
Crack orWeak Point
A B
CH4 Emission rate in landfill vs Time
IPCC Good Practice GuidanceIPCC Good Practice Guidance
Default Method : Tier 1Default Method : Tier 1
• AssumptionAssumption– MSW landfilled in a year would be converted MSW landfilled in a year would be converted comcom
pletelypletely into CH into CH44 which would be emitted from the l which would be emitted from the l
andfill in the same yearandfill in the same year
• Limitation to applicationLimitation to application– Only applicable for landfills demonstrating constaOnly applicable for landfills demonstrating consta
nt quality and quantity of MSW with respect to timnt quality and quantity of MSW with respect to timee
• Default MethodDefault Method
CHCH44 = (MSW = (MSWTT x MSW x MSWFF x L x L00–R) x (1-OX)–R) x (1-OX)
MSWT = Total MSW generated (Gg/yr)
MSWF = Fraction of MSW disposed at Landfills
L0 = Methane generation potential (Gg CH4/Gg waste)
L0 = MCFⅹDOCⅹDOCFⅹFⅹ16/12
MCF = Methane Correction Factor (fraction)
DOC = Degradable organic carbon (fraction)
DOCF = Fraction DOC dissimilated
F = Fraction by volume of CH4 in landfill gas
R = Recovered CH4 (Gg/year)
OX = Oxidation factor (fraction)
• Tier 2 : FOD MethodTier 2 : FOD Method
AssumptionAssumption• Assumption total landfill sites as a similar type Assumption total landfill sites as a similar type
landfilllandfill• Annual waste amount is a certain level during landfill Annual waste amount is a certain level during landfill
periodsperiods
ApplicationApplication• To record disposal activity data in the landfill To record disposal activity data in the landfill
QCH4(CH4Emission : ton/yr) = k × L0 × M0
MCH4 (CH4Emission : ton) =M0× L0 × {exp(-kc)-exp(-kt)}
QuestionsQuestions
• GHG emission calculation correct?GHG emission calculation correct?
• Degree of the exact data necessary?Degree of the exact data necessary?
• Different from existing research?Different from existing research?
Decision TreeAre
waste disposal activity
data obtainable for thecurrent inventory
year?
YESAre
wastedisposal activitydata availablefor previous
years?
Estimate CH4 emissions using
the First Order Decay
(FOD) method
YES
Use IPCC default values, per
capita or other methods to estimate
activity data
Estimate CH4
emissions usingthe IPCC default
methodNO
Is this a key source
category(Note 1)?
NO
Obtain or estimate data on historical changes
in solid waste disposal
YES
NO
Selection of Emission Selection of Emission MethodMethod
<Tier 1 or Tier 2><Tier 1 or Tier 2>
Tier 1
available data for disposal activity in the landfill?
Key parameter for Tier 1 Method(1) Total MSW (2) DOC (3) DOCF (4) MCF
(5) R (6) OX
CH4 Emission(ton/yr) = (MSWT x MSWF x MCF x DOC x DOCF x F x 16/12 –R) x (1-OX)
Credibility diagnosis of variable Credibility diagnosis of variable on landfill areaon landfill area
• Landfill quantity(MSWLandfill quantity(MSWTT x MSW x MSWFF))– National statistics data “national waste generation and National statistics data “national waste generation and
treatment status”treatment status”• DOC(organic carbon)DOC(organic carbon)
– Carbon content of organic wasteCarbon content of organic waste 96 national waste statistics investigation, developed nations 96 national waste statistics investigation, developed nations
datadata
– Development of estimation equation for domestic conditionsDevelopment of estimation equation for domestic conditions
DOC(%) = 0.114 x FW + 0.320 x PA + 0.366 x WO + 0.571 x RU + 0.061 x SL + 0.114 x AN + 0.285 x OT
Uncertainty and possibility of error Accuracy of carbon content accordingto waste characteristic
Use of existing document data
• DOCDOCFF(fraction DOC dissimilated)(fraction DOC dissimilated)– IPCC Good Practice basic value : 0.5~0.6 IPCC Good Practice basic value : 0.5~0.6
• Average value : 0.55 selectionAverage value : 0.55 selection
– Comparison of domestic and international data Comparison of domestic and international data • Dong-a Construction(1997) : domestic waste -> 0.596Dong-a Construction(1997) : domestic waste -> 0.596• USA EPAUSA EPA : domestic waste -> 0.584 : domestic waste -> 0.584
Uncertainty and possibility of error
DOCF data on sludge, animal and plant waste and other combustibes
Use of existing document dataDecide by basic experiment
• MCF(Methane correction factor)MCF(Methane correction factor)– IPCC basic value IPCC basic value
• Sanitary landfill : 1.0Sanitary landfill : 1.0• Non-sanitary landfill : 0.4~0.8Non-sanitary landfill : 0.4~0.8
– Select 1.0 by MCFSelect 1.0 by MCF• Foundation : present landfill in progress is Foundation : present landfill in progress is
sanitary landfillsanitary landfill
Uncertainty and possibility of error
Non-sanitary landfill that has
finished landfill
Investigation of non-sanitarylandfill’s role in the perspective of generation quantity
• R(recovery ratio of CH4)R(recovery ratio of CH4)Status of landfill LFG recovery useStatus of landfill LFG recovery use
Uncertainty and possibility of error
•In cases of flaring, exact estimation of CH4 oxidation
quantity is difficult
•Difficult to ensure national statistics dataNecessity of systematic data collection
OX(oxidation factor) Sanitary landfill : 0.1 Select 0.1 by regarding domestic landfill as sanitary landfill
Uncertainty and possibility of error Difficult to estimate exact OX on-site
Variable value decided at current Variable value decided at current research studiesresearch studies
variable IPCC USA MOE Current Research (2000) (2000)
MCF 0.6~1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
DOC(%) estimation equation 18~21 8.2 development of indigenous equation
DOCF 0.5~0.6 0.77 0.77 0.55
F 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
R(%) each landfill each landfill 13 13
OX 0.0~0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Estimation equation of CH4 Estimation equation of CH4 generation quantitygeneration quantity
CH4 total emission quantity(ton/yr) = 0.3667 x DOC x MSWL
CH4 original emission quantity(ton/yr) = 0.319 x DOC x MSWL
<comparison of 1997 results>IPCC : 712,619 ton CH4
MOE(2000) : 987,384 ton CH4
Current research result : 637,934 ton CH4
Change of landfill GHG estimation Change of landfill GHG estimation equationequation
Tier 1 Tier 2Tier 1 Tier 2
• PreconditionPrecondition– Investigation on landfill record of national landfill Investigation on landfill record of national landfill
sitesite• Investigation item : landfill quantity, landfill waste, Investigation item : landfill quantity, landfill waste,
landfill periodlandfill period
• Expected problemsExpected problems– Estimation of disposal activity data on non-Estimation of disposal activity data on non-
sanitary landfillsanitary landfill– Insufficient investigation on plant waste landfillInsufficient investigation on plant waste landfill
Flow diagram of CH4 generation quantity of Flow diagram of CH4 generation quantity of domestic landfill by Tier 2domestic landfill by Tier 2
Classify national landfill according to landfill characteristic
Decide CH4 generation rate constant according to landfill characteristic
Decide landfill quantity, landfill year and CH4 generation rate constant
In cases of regarding national landfill as singular landfill
Estimation of CH4 generation quantity of specific year
Decision Method of for CH4 Decision Method of for CH4 emissionemission
CH4 generation dynamic equation
)}exp(){exp(04
ktkcMLQ tCH
DevelopedMethod e
itkt
iiCH MkLQ
)1(
10,0
4
swCH MLkdt
dM 0
4
IPCC Method
N
i
itkitktCH eeLMQ
ii
1
))1(())((00)( )(
)()(4
Developed Fortran Codes
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 10 20 30 40
year passed(year)
TC
E
<Fortran result> Ulsan Sung-am landfill
Decision of main variable of Tier 2 :Decision of main variable of Tier 2 :CH4 emission factor and CH4 generation rate constantCH4 emission factor and CH4 generation rate constant
LandfillLandfill
CH4 emission factor(LCH4 emission factor(L00))
(ton-TCE/ton-Waste)(ton-TCE/ton-Waste)
CH4 emission velocity constantCH4 emission velocity constant
(k : yr(k : yr-1-1))NoteNote
1 time1 time 2 times2 times AverageAverage 1 time1 time 2 times2 times AverageAverage
Ulsan city, SunUlsan city, Sung-am Dongg-am Dong 0.33540.3354 0.32530.3253 0.33040.3304 0.07040.0704 0.03100.0310 0.05070.0507
Kyong-gi proviKyong-gi province, Yong-in cnce, Yong-in c
ityity0.39850.3985 0.30380.3038 0.35120.3512 0.02780.0278 0.02720.0272 0.02750.0275
Choong-nam Choong-nam province, Bo-rprovince, Bo-r
yung cityyung city0.11880.1188 0.072680.07268 0.095740.09574 0.04310.0431 0.04160.0416 0.04240.0424
Choong-book Choong-book province, Jae-province, Jae-
chun citychun city0.10150.1015 0.095550.09555 0.098520.09852
Insufficient Insufficient landfill landfill record datarecord data
Choong-nam Choong-nam province, Chuprovince, Chu
n-an cityn-an city0.33960.3396 0.28040.2804 0.31000.3100 0.06320.0632 0.07310.0731 0.06820.0682
CH4 emission quantity for each landfill by Tier 1CH4 emission quantity for each landfill by Tier 1
LandfillLandfillLandfill quantity and Landfill quantity and
average during average during investigation periodinvestigation period
Total GHG Total GHG emission quantity emission quantity
during during investigation investigation period(TCE)period(TCE)
Average GHG Average GHG emission quantity emission quantity
during investigation during investigation period(TCE)period(TCE)
GHG emission GHG emission quantity for year quantity for year
2001(TCE)2001(TCE)
Ulsan city, SunUlsan city, Sung-am Dongg-am Dong
1,605,966ton(6 1,605,966ton(6 years)years)
Average : 267,661 Average : 267,661 tonton
489,578 ton489,578 ton 81,597 ton81,597 ton 40,574 ton40,574 ton
Kyong-gi provinKyong-gi province, Yong-in cityce, Yong-in city
308,628 ton(6 years)308,628 ton(6 years)
Average : 51,438 Average : 51,438 tonton
96,167 ton96,167 ton 16,028 ton16,028 ton 10,578 ton10,578 ton
Choong-nam prChoong-nam province, Bo-ryunovince, Bo-ryun
g cityg city
73,073 ton(3 years)73,073 ton(3 years)
Average : 24,358 Average : 24,358 tonton
6,343 ton6,343 ton 2,114 ton2,114 ton 1,942 ton1,942 ton
Choong-book prChoong-book province, Jae-chuovince, Jae-chu
n cityn city
147,167 ton(4 years)147,167 ton(4 years)
Average : 36,792 Average : 36,792 tonton
13,055 ton13,055 ton 3,264 ton3,264 ton 3,292 ton3,292 ton
Choong-nam prChoong-nam province, Chun-aovince, Chun-a
n cityn city
336, 404 ton(6 336, 404 ton(6 years)years)
Average : 56,067 Average : 56,067 tonton
90,191 ton90,191 ton 15,032 ton15,032 ton 7,296 ton7,296 ton
Comparison between Tier 1 & Tier Comparison between Tier 1 & Tier 2 method Results2 method Results
(Yongin Landfill) (Yongin Landfill)
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
TCE(
ton/
yr)
Tier 1 Result
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
TCE(
ton/
yr)
Tier 2 Result
ConclusionConclusion
• Introduction and development of improved CH4 Introduction and development of improved CH4 estimation equation and finalization of CH4 geneestimation equation and finalization of CH4 generation rate constant decision methodration rate constant decision method– IPCC applies yearly average landfill quantityIPCC applies yearly average landfill quantity
• In cases of severe changes in yearly landfill quantity, creIn cases of severe changes in yearly landfill quantity, credibility of emission estimation results decreasedibility of emission estimation results decrease
• CH4 emission quantity estimated during landfill hCH4 emission quantity estimated during landfill had Tier 1 with results much higher than Tier 2 read Tier 1 with results much higher than Tier 2 resultssults– Due to the hypothesis that Tier 1 emits landfill waDue to the hypothesis that Tier 1 emits landfill wa
ste at the same time as it is landfilledste at the same time as it is landfilled
• Precondition to estimate Tier 2 Precondition to estimate Tier 2 – Collection of landfill record informationCollection of landfill record information– Classification according to national landfill Classification according to national landfill
characteristicscharacteristics• Landfill waste, landfill method, landfill period and date, Landfill waste, landfill method, landfill period and date,
landfill quantity, climatelandfill quantity, climate
• It is assumed that CH4 emission estimation by It is assumed that CH4 emission estimation by Tier 2 is possible within 1~2 years in the near Tier 2 is possible within 1~2 years in the near futurefuture
• Unsatisfactory management of statistics data Unsatisfactory management of statistics data on landfill quantity and characteristicson landfill quantity and characteristics– Due to inconsistency, data follow-up and CH4 Due to inconsistency, data follow-up and CH4
emission quantity estimation is difficultemission quantity estimation is difficult– Necessary to develop guide on landfill waste Necessary to develop guide on landfill waste
managementmanagement