CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS, Autumn 1999 Cartography © Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000cartography.ppt 1 Introduction GIS output is frequently a map Map layouts

© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS, Autumn 1999

cartography.ppt 1

Cartography

Introduction

• GIS output is frequently a map

• Map layouts are used for communication

• What drives cartographic choices?

• Maps are not “reality”

• Maps are technical and artistic documents

• How to Lie With Maps (Monmonier & DeBlij)



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Cartography

Overview

• Map Layout documents

• Map Layout frames

• Graphical primitives

• Creating map layouts

• Printing/Capturing Layouts



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Cartography

Map Layout documents

• A type of ArcView document

• Presentation-quality map editor

• Composed of multiple elements

• Most map elements (“frames”) are derived from other documents

• Frames can be dynamically linked to frame source

• Map layouts can be printed or saved as graphics



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Cartography

Map Layout frames

• Frames contain representations of other documents

• Frames are added to layouts using frame tools



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Cartography

Map Layout components

map



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Cartography


map

neatline



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Cartography

neatline


map

scale bar



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Cartography


neatline

map

scale bar

logo image



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Cartography


neatline

map

scale bar

legend &north arrow

logo image



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Cartography


neatline

map

scale bar

legend &north arrow

logo image

title



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Cartography

Map Layout frames

• View frames

• Legend frames

• Scale bar frames

• North arrow frames

• Chart frames

• Table frames

• Picture frames

• Text frames



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Cartography

View frames

view frame tool

• View frames contain data displayed in the Map display of a view

• View frames can be dynamically linked to views

• Properties controlled with Property dialogue



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Cartography

View frames



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Cartography

View frames: Properties

Source

Live link control

Scale

Extent

When to display

Display quality (when viewing)



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Cartography

Legend frames

legend frame tool

• Legend frames contain the Table of Contents a view

• Legend frames are dynamically linked to view frames




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Cartography

Legend frames



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Cartography

Legend frames: Properties

Source


When to display



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Cartography

Scale bar frames

• Scale bar frames contain a representation of the scale RF

• Scale bars frames are dynamically linked to view frames

• Various styles to choose from, including plain text RF

• Map units in View Properties must be set


scale bar frame tool



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Cartography

Scale bar frames

scale bar, unfilled

scale RF



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Cartography

Scale bar frames: Properties

Source

Display units

Style

Major interval

Number of intervalsNumber of minor intervals left of 0 mark

Preserve either interval or size



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Cartography

North arrow frames

• North arrow frames contain north arrows or other graphics

• A variety of different north arrow styles to choose from

• Any graphic can be saved as a custom north arrow

• Logos can be stored/used as north arrows

• North arrow angle or orientation can be altered

• Controlled with North Arrow Manager

north arrow bar frame tool



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Cartography

North arrow frames

style

angle

delete north arrow

store as default set

store graphic as north arrow template

customnorth arrow



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Cartography

Chart frames

• Chart frames contain charts

• Charts frames can be dynamically linked to charts in project

• Therefore, charts in layouts can be dynamically linked to views in projects

• Controlled with Property dialogue

chart frame tool



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Cartography

Chart frames

chartframe



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Cartography

Chart frames: Properties

Source


When to display



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Cartography

Table frames

• Table frames contain areas of charts

• Only visible area of table document appears in table frame

• Tables frames are dynamically linked to tables in project

• Controlled with Property dialogue

table frame tool



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Cartography

Table frames

table frame



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Cartography

Table frames: Properties

Source


When to display



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Cartography

Picture frames

Band Interleaved by Line (*.bil)Band Interleaved by Pixel (*.bip)Band Sequential (*.bsq)CompuServe GIF (*.gif)Encapsulated PostScript (*.eps)ERDAS GIS (*.gis)ERDAS LAN (*.lan) IMPELL Bitmap (*.rlc)

picture frame tool

MacPaint (*.mcp)Nexpert Object Image (*.nbi)Postscript (*.ps)Sun Raster (*.rs)TIFF Bitmap (*.tif)Windows Bitmap (*.bmp)X-Bitmap (*.xbm)Windows Metafile (*.wmf)

• Picture frames contain graphical images

• Picture frames are not dynamically linked



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Cartography

Picture frames



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Cartography

Picture frames: Properties

Source

Display quality (when viewing)When to display

Browse file system



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Cartography

Text frames

text frame tool

• Text frames contain textual elements

• Titles & other text can be added

• Any TrueType font can be used

• Font palette used to select font face & color

• Text elements controlled with Properties dialogue



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Cartography

Text frames

text

text justification

space between lines

angle of rotation



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Cartography

Graphical primitives: Shapes

• Use draw tools to create simple graphics on layout

point

line

multiline

rectangle

circle

polygon



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Cartography

Creating map layouts

• Layout grid

• Live links

• Adding & editing elements

• Grouping elements

• Front/back

• Simplifying elements

• Saving templates



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Cartography

Layout grid

• A layout grid exists for positioning frames and graphics

• Grid spacing can be modified

• Toggle hide/show grid

• Toggle grid snapping



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Cartography

Live links

• View frames can be set to “live link” to frame source

• If source view changes, the view frame in the layout changes

• Possible to toggle live linking on or off



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Cartography

Adding elements

• All elements added with frame and draw tools

• Select tool, drag rectangle, then alter properties

• Elements that already exist can be modified (double-click)



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Cartography

Grouping elements

• Map layouts contain many elements

• Management of various elements can be difficult

• Grouping elements makes management easier

• Grouped elements can be moved & resized as a single object

• Grouped elements can be grouped into supergroups

• Grouped elements can be ungrouped



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Cartography

Front/back

• Elements are managed on a graphical plane

• All elements are in front of or behind other elements

• Elements are added to the front of the graphical plane

• Elements can be brought to the front or sent to the back



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Cartography

Simplifying elements

• Most elements are complex graphics

• Complex graphics can be degenerated into simple graphics

• Simplified graphics lose linkage to source

• Views

• Legends

• Scale bars

• Simplified graphics can be altered using draw tools



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Cartography

Saving templates

• Layout templates can be created for recreating similar maps

• Useful for frequently used maps

• Useful for reports: multiple maps with same basic layout

• Stored layouts can be used over & over



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Cartography

Saving templates

name template

select templateicon



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Cartography

Using templates



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Cartography

Printing/Capturing Layouts

• Layouts can be spooled to printers

• Layouts can be printed to files for later printing

• Layouts can be exported to graphics file for import to other applications

• Placeable Windows Metafile• Windows Metafile• Windows Bitmap• Encapsulated PostScript - New• Encapsulated PostScript - Old• Adobe Illustrator• CGM Binary• CGM Character• CGM Clear Text• JPEG

Documents

CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS, Autumn 1999 Cartography © Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000cartography.ppt 1 Introduction GIS output is frequently a map Map layouts