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CFD is used to solve general problems regarding high-pressure drop, turbulence, erosion, leakages, and imbalanced flow in branching ducts. Turbulence is another problem that commonly occurs in the duct due to sharp turns or sudden change in the duct geometry. It results in noise and vibration. Hence it is also necessary to kill the turbulence in order to reduce noise and vibration within the duct.

The flow of air through the ducting system is analyzed to investigate means for mitigating the erosion of walls of the ducts and reducing the pressure drop through the system. To achieve this, a model is developed which is simulated for the flow of air through the duct. The focus of the modifications done hereafter is to improve the flow characteristics and to make the flow as uniform as possible. CFD analysis of the duct is carried out to get an idea about flow distribution, turbulence and erosion caused by flow of air in the duct.

Flow separation occurs when a bend or expansion is too severe to allow the flow to follow the contour of the duct. This causes a wake to form, resulting in an effective reduction in the ducts cross sectional area. This area reduction results in a pressure loss that can be significant. At times, flow separation creates pulsations throughout a system. These pulsations have been known to cause flow-induced vibrations that may damage ductwork and/or fan bearings. Separated flow also typically results in highly non-uniform air velocity profiles.

Useful design analysis tools now being used by SaCEn in the HVAC industry is a new engineering tool called CFD for Computational Fluid Dynamics. CFD provides optimized HVAC design insights into potential building performance that no other analysis tool can provide. While CFD software has been in the marketplace for over 20 years it is still fairly rare in the HVAC environment. CFD was originally used in the aerospace and fluid process industries. It is now the number one analysis tool used in automotive design in general. CFD is also now widely used in the data center design community.

The reason that CFD is so widely used in those high technology industries is that CFD allows the designer to "see" air in a space, its temperature, its direction, its velocity, and even its density and moisture content in some cases. SaCEn has been using CFD for the last two years to help engineers and building designers understand the best product for their building and the best place to locate that product. More sophisticated versions of CFD software, such as the software used by SaCEn, can actually help the designer optimize his application. CFD studies can be very complicated, and might take several days to complete, but the end result is so valuable that it is worth the time. SaCEn recently completed a study for a duct design in one of the local medium size malls in Al-Khobar area in which the duct is considered the first duct design using CFD analysis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

CFD use in HVAC Engineering

SaCEn Newsletter Sep. 2013 Edition 1 - Volume 1

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