分子環境学特論Ipcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/class/me2020/20200730b_BO_Sapporo.pdfquiz Send email by noon of August 3, 2020 subject: me20200803-XXXXXXXX address: [email protected]

Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 1

2020/07/30

分子環境学特論I

13


Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 202010:30─12:00, Thursday on ZOOM

Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

[email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat

https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020


schedule

(1) May 7 introduction with introduction(2) May 14 mole and Avogadro constant(3) May 21 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 28 microwave oven/Internet(5) June 4 originality in science/fake(6) June 11 experimental notebook(7) June 18 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test(8) June 25 cell(9) July 2 triple crown(10) July 9 recycle(11) July 16 ecology/green-house effect(12) July 23 originality/XXXed(13) July 30 correlation/recognition(14) August 6 presentation of quiz (1)(15) August 13 presentation of quiz (2)


the best question and answer

Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.

• Do not vote question(s) of absent student(s) and delayed arrival shown below the horizontal line!

• In case an attendee asks multiple questions (and answers), specify the number following the nickname when voting, e.g., "Einstein (2)". Unassigned vote will be evenly divided into all multiple questions.

https://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/cgi-bin/class/db_class_e.cgi?mode=display_me2020


formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

[email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・・


email example

to

subject

(same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)<best question><best answer>answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

me20200730-57388301

me20200730-57388301

《しまやん》《天山南路》水（H2O）30 kmol水素（H）60×6×1026個

me20200730-57388301


quiz

Send email by noon of August 3, 2020subject: me20200803-XXXXXXXXaddress: [email protected]

• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file (slide size "4 : 3") for slides.• If you cannot use PowerPoint, you may input the below-mentioned

requirements in the text body (Word file attachement is prohibited).

first page• nickname• quizfollowing pages• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding chemistry

and science• results of the internet search for the quiz

Ivan at Asahiyama Zoo, Asahikawa


periodical change on the earch

concentration of carbon dioxide and temperature




2014/12Sapporo

Sapporo is a snowy city. Trees are white and walk is covered by ice.It was warm in 2014 winter season in Sappro. Road surface was seen and

trees were covered by wet snow.


green-house effect

Surface radiation is reflected back from atmosphere.The temperature of the earth may be -18 degree C assuming no green-house effect: 33 degree increase is kept by GHG (green-house gas).


solar radiation spectrum

• different between irradiances at top of the atmosphere and sea level= absorption by atmosphere

• GHG: oxygen (ultraviolet)/water (near infrared)/carbon dioxide (near infrared)

• contribution = concentration X absorption coefficient


obscuring by clouds

1. global warming2. increase in evaporation of sea water3. increase in reflection of ground radiation by clouds4. higher temperature to melt all rocks into magma = "magma ocean"positive feedback


if cooling proceeds

1. ice in poles increases2. decrease in absorption by ground due to reflection by ice3. expanding the area covered by ice4. the earth fully covered by ice = "ice ball"positive feedback


equilibrium

Q How much is the temperature on the earth expected if the concentration of carbon dioxide is kept constant?





negative feedback and volcano

• one way to "magma ocean" and "ice ball": no recovery• no "magma ocean" due to negative feedback transfer of chemicals between lands and sea carbonic acid in water formed by dissolution of carbon dioxide in air

dissolves silicate minerals to make them flow into sea through rivers to result in precipitation by reaction with carbonate anion = fixing carbon dioxide in sea as carbonate

high temperature may accelerate this fixation to reduce cabon dioxide concentration in air to lower temperature

• possible "ice-ball" state = possibly carbon-dioxide emission due to volcano eruption to recover


possibly non-equilibrium state on the earch

• not constant solar radiation• volcano eruption/meteorite impact• almot constant temperature for recent 11,000 years by chance


「もうダマされないための『科学』講義」菊池誠・松永和紀・伊勢田哲治・平川秀幸・片瀬久美子・飯田泰・SYNODOS，光文社新書（2011）number of TV sets per 100 families

What is X governing the lifetime of Japanese Women?

aver

age

lifet

ime

of J

apan

ese

Wom

ence

rtain

pro

perty

or p

erfo

rman

ce

certain parameternumber of TV sets like something

age


出典：文部科学省「平成20年度全国学力・学習状況調査」・対象：小学6年生約116万人、中学3年生約108万人

MITI Japan (2008)

The higher the breakfast taking is, the higher the scores in Japanese language and mathematics classes become both in elementaly school and junior high school.

wake up early/take breakfast movement

everyday

none

sometimesfew

everyday

none

sometimesfew

junior high school

elementary school

Japanese mathematics

Japanese mathematics


user

non-

user

Kakenhi application-form viewing system in HU








input: solar radiation

Surface radiation is reflected back from atmosphere.The temperature of the earth may be -18 degree C assuming no green-house effect: 33 degree increase is kept by GHG (green-house gas).


change in sun spots

The longer the cycle length is, the lower the solar radiation becomes?cy

cle

leng

th (y

ear)

tem

pera

ture

cha

nge/

degr

ee

year strong positive correlation between them


carbon-dioxide concentration and emission

strong positive correlation between them ?!





380

360

340

320

300

280

change in CO2 concentration

world population(million)

and world population

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000year

carbon dioxide(ppm)

strong positive correlation between them


correlation and causal relation

相関関係（correlation）因果関係（causal relation） correlation is one of necessary conditions for causal relation

yx x y逆

converse

因果関係

causalrelation

相関関係

correlation

相関関係/correlation

因果関係causal relation


color of objects

• Say colors of objects from left to right, upper to lower.

●

●

●●

●

●

●●

●

●

●●

●

●

●●


color of objects

• Say colors of objects from left to right, upper to lower.

●

●

●●

●

●

●●

●

●

●●

●

●

●●


color of characters

• Say colors of characters from left to right, upper to lower.

赤

青

黄緑

黄

緑

赤青

青

赤

緑黄

緑

黄

青赤


color of characters


赤

青

黄緑

黄

緑

赤青

青

赤

緑黄

緑

黄

青赤


color of characters


R

B

YY

Y

G

RB

B

R

GY

G

Y

BR


Stroop effect

• discovered by John Stroop• information of characters interfere the information of color• equivalence of color and the corresponding character in definition

• chimpanzee AI (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University) shows this Stroop effect, like human beings

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=UneaXXgExJU#t=28s

HindiChinese

(Cantonese/ Mandarin)

MalayEnglish Japanese


recognition of image

Draw a side view of a bus seeing a picture below.


recognition of image

Draw a side view of a motor grader seeing a picture below.


Are front wheels seen to be round?

We can draw a picture of round wheels without seeing them.


laboratory notebook: interpretation

a first step of INTERPRETATION (translation) of experimental observations, i.e., the data recorded in TEXTS

cf. Pasting PHOTOS or drawing pictures on a notebook is not "interpretation" and description (texts) must follows.

raw experimental observations

(not expressed by texts)

records in a notebook described with texts

interpretation

"文章 (Bunsho)" = text


formatPlease send email in Japanese or English within 72 hoursto: [email protected]: me2020MMDD-XXXXXXXX

[email protected](full name)(nickname)(comments on today's lecture)(question [no need to be related to the contents of lecture])[blank line](nickname of the best question)(nickname of the best answer)(answer for question 1)(answer for question 2)(answer for question 3)・・


email example

to

subject

(same as subject)email addressfull namenicknamecomment(s)question(blank line)<best question><best answer>answer 1answer 2answer 3・・

me20200730-57388301

me20200730-57388301

《しまやん》《天山南路》水（H2O）30 kmol水素（H）60×6×1026個

me20200730-57388301


quiz

Send email by noon of August 3, 2020subject: me20200803-XXXXXXXXaddress: [email protected]

• Send a Microsoft PowerPoint file (slide size "4 : 3") for slides.• If you cannot use PowerPoint, you may input the below-mentioned

requirements in the text body (Word file attachement is prohibited).

first page• nickname• quizfollowing pages• expected answer/correct answer• explanation for how the quiz is beneficial for understanding chemistry

and science• results of the internet search for the quiz

Documents

分子環境学特論Ipcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/class/me2020/20200730b_BO_Sapporo.pdfquiz Send email by noon of August 3, 2020 subject: me20200803-XXXXXXXX address: [email protected]