CF RC China (13 Jul 2018)...sold. It took into account the GHG emissions due to constituents of BMS like milk powder, vegetable oils and sugars, as found from a literature review

Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS)

• Total GHG emissions due to BMS in 2016 was 30,57,570

tonnes of CO eq. out of which 14,88,330 tonnes was

due to growing up milks, 829,000 tonnes was due to

follow up formula and 731,140 tonnes was due to infant

formula.

2

• Projected total GHG emissions in 2021 due to BMS is

39,30,510 tonnes of CO eq., With the maximum

contribution coming from the growing up milks.

2

CHINA

This report card has used the method developed by IBFAN Asia to estimate the GHG emission [kg CO eq. emissions, that is,

the GHG amount that would have the sameglobal warming potential as a kilogram of carbon dioxide gas (CO )] per kg of BMS

sold. It took into account the GHG emissions due to constituents of BMS like milk powder, vegetable oils and sugars, as found

from a literature review. Proportions of ingredients in various BMS products were calculated using Codex Alimentarius guidance

on macronutrient composition. Published industry data from Euromonitor International for milk formula sales provided data on

volumes of milk formula sold in the country.

Estimated GHG emissions per kg of BMS ranged from 3.95 kg CO eq. for standard infant formula and special baby milk

formula and 4.04 kg CO eq. for follow-up formula and growing up milks.

2

2

2

2

1

Estimating GHG emissions due to BMS

• In 2016, total sale of BMS in China was 761,000 tonnes,

out of which 368,400 tonnes was growing up milks,

205,200 tonnes was follow-up formula and 185,100 tonnes

was infant formula. special baby milk formula was only

2300 tonnes.

• Total projected sale of BMS in China in 2021 is 978,200

tonnes out of which 501,500 tonnes is growing up

milk, 238,800 tonnes is follow-up formula, 232,900 tonnes

is infant formula and 5000 tonnes is special baby milk

formula.

• Projections show that there will be about a 28% increase

in the overall sales of BMS, with an increase in the sales

of all categories of BMS substantially by 2021.

T O A C H I E V E G L O B A L N U T R I T I O N T A R G E T S 2 0 2 5

GreenFeeding

InfantFormula

Follow-onMilk Formula

Special BabyMilk Formula

Total

185.1232.9

205.2238.8

2.3

501.5

761

978.2

‘00

0to

nn

es

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

2016 2021

Growing-upMilk Formula

368.4

5

‘00

0to

nn

es

StandardFormula



Total

713.14919.95 829

964.75

9.08

2026.06

3057.57

3930.514200

3500

2800

2100

1400

700

0

2016 2021


1488.33

19.75

Breastfeeding is a sustainable and natural source of food and nutrition. On the other hand, industrially manufactured

Breastmilk Substitutes are made from dairy and other agricultural products, which generate greenhouse gases (GHG)

including methane and nitrous oxide during production, transport and use. Their use also generates a sizable volume

of waste, which needs disposal. is a call to make feeding decisions that have dual benefits i.e. practicing

breastfeeding which is a natural and sustainable source of food and nutrition for infants and young children (and

contributes to achieving global nutrition targets), as well as avoiding BMS and helping conserve the natural environment.

However, the use of milk formula is increasingly driven by sub-optimal implementation of policies and programmes,

particularly regulation of marketing of commercial baby foods to enhance optimal breastfeeding practices.

This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in China. This is set alongside

assessment of the implementation of policies and programmes on infant and young child feeding in the country

and some suggested actions to improve the situation.

GreenFeeding

Sales of BMS in 2016 andprojected sales in 2021 (‘000 Tonnes)

2GHG Emissions due to BMS in 2016 and

projected emissions in 2021 (‘000 Tonnes CO eq.)2

1,2

Breastfedwithin one hour

of birth

Exclusivebreastfeeding in

babies <6 monthsof age

Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 201i 3

Policies and Programmes on IYCF3

To enhance breastfeeding rates and to restrict use of BMS, strengthening of policies and programmes on IYCF is required.

WBTi assessment 2013 has revealed many gaps in policies and programmes on IYCF.

Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) CHINA

National Policy, Programme

and Coordination

Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

Implementation of the International Code

Maternity Protection

Health and Nutrition Care System

Mother Support and Community Outreach

Information Support

Infant Feeding and HIV

Infant Feeding during Emergencies

Monitoring and Evaluation

10

6.5

4

8.5

6

7

8

4.5

9

6

8 9 10

WBT Report 201i 3

—

1. Dadhich JP, Smith J, Iellamo A, Suleiman A. Report on carbon footprints due to milk formula: a study from selected countries of the

Asia-Pacific Region. Delhi: BPNI/IBFAN Asia; 2016.

2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in China

3. WBT report of China 2013. http://www.worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=CN

4. WHO, UNICEF, IBFAN. Marketing of breast-milk substitutes: national implementation of the international code: status report 2016

i

IYCF Practices3

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75

A high bottle feeding rate of 67.2%, a low

rate of early initiation and exclusive

breastfeeding < 6 months and

a median duration of breastfeeding

10 months need immediate attention.

It shows that BMS are introduced early

and they replace breastfeeding during

the infancy and in the second year of life.

coupled

with

of41%

27.6%

• Effective policies and programmes are required to improve breastfeeding practices in hospitals and communities, safe

infant feeding practices in HIV and safe infant feeding practices during emergencies.

• More importantly there is a need for effective implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk

Substitutes by:

- Strengthening the Code legislation by including all provisions of the Code and subsequent WHA resolutions in the

national law.

- Establishing Code monitoring mechanisms which are independent and transparent, free from commercial influence

and empowered to impose legal sanctions.

4

67.2%

Median Duration ofBreastfeeding - 10 Months

International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), Asia Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI) BP-33,Pitampura, Delhi-110034Tel: +91-11-27312705, 42683059Email: [email protected]: www.bpni.org

WHO Collaborating Centre for Child Health

Institution: Capital Institute of Paediatrics

No. 2 Ya Bao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020,

P. R. China

Tel: +86 10 8563 6169

Fax: +86 10 8562 2025

Written by: Reviewed by:

Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Shuyi Zhang, Dr. Arun Gupta

Plan B Communication Partners, Amit Dahiya

Contribution of Dr. Julie Smith, Naomi Hull, Dr. Neelima Thakur and Nupur Bidla in developing

this report card is thankfully acknowledged.

This report card has been produced by the International Baby Food Action

Network (IBFAN)-Asia/ Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI)

with the Support of the Swedish International Development Cooperation

Agency (Sida).


• Total GHG emissions due to BMS in 2016 was 107,490

tonnes of CO eq. out of which 10,900 tonnes was due to

growing up milks, 47,000 tonnes was due to standard

formula, 47,620 tonnes was due to follow up formula, and

1,970 tonnes was due to special baby milk formula.

2


122,810 tonnes of CO eq., maximum contribution to it will

come from the follow-up formula.

2

INDIA


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in India was 26,900 tonnes, out of

which 2,700 tonnes was growing up milks, 11,800 tonnes

was follow-up formula, 11,900 tonnes was standard infant

formula and 500 tonnes was special baby milk formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in India in 2021 is 30,700

tonnes out of which 3,200 tonnes is growing up milk,

13,500 tonnes is follow-up formula, 13,300 tonnes is

standard infant formula and 700 tonnes is special baby milk

formula.

• Projections show that there will be about 14% increase in

the sale of BMS between 2016 and 2021.


GreenFeedingBreastfeeding is a sustainable and natural source of food and nutrition. On the other hand, industrially manufactured








This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in India. This is set alongside



GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

11.913.3

11.813.5

0.5

3.2

26.9

30.7

‘00

0to

nn

es

36

30

24

18

12

6

0

2016 2021


2.7

0.7

‘00

0to

nn

es

StandardFormula



Total

4752.53

47.6254.54

1.97

12.98

107.49

122.81

150

125

100

75

50

25

0

2016 2021


10.9

2.76




1,2


the GHG amount that would have the same global warming potential as a kilogram of carbon dioxide gas ( )] per kg of BMS






formula and 4.04 kg Co eq. for follow-up formula and growing up milks.

2

2

CO2

2

1


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 201i 8



WBT assessment 2018 has revealed many gaps in policies and programmes on IYCF.i

Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) INDIA


and Coordination






Information Support




1.5

0

8.5

6

5

6

5

6

7

0

8 9 10

WBT Report 2018i

• There is a need to have a robust national IYCF policy, effective programme to improve breastfeeding practices in

hospitals, enhanced maternity protection, effective policy and programmes on IYCF during emergencies and

effective policies and programmes on HIV and infant feeding.


Substitutes (national legislation the IMS Act) by establishing monitoring mechanisms which are independent and

transparent and free from commercial influence.

4

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in India

3. WBT report of India 2018. http://worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=IN

4. http://www.searo.who.int/thailand/news/control-marketing-of-infant-and-young-child-food-act(2017).pdf

i

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75


early initiation of breastfeeding and

exclusive breastfeeding rate (< 6

months) of 54.9% need immediate

attention. It shows that BMS are

introduced early and they replace

breastfeeding during the infancy and in

the second year of life.

41.5%

54.9%

17.3%

Median Duration ofBreastfeeding - 29.6 Months



Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Dr. Arun Gupta


Contribution of Dr. Julie Smith, Naomi Hull, Dr. Neelima Thakur and Nupur Bidla in developing this

report card is thankfully acknowledged.




Agency (Sida).


• Total GHG emissions due to BMS in 2016 was 1,156,910


growing up milks,126,010 tonnes was due to standard

formula, 152,310 tonnes was due to follow up formula,

and 5140 tonnes was due to special baby milk formula.

2


1,370,470 tonnes, maximum contribution to it will come

from the growing up milks.

INDONESIA







Estimated GHG emissions per kg of BMS ranged from 3.95 kg eq. for standard infant formula and special baby milk

formula and 4.04 kg eq. for follow-up formula and growing up milks.

2

CO

CO

CO

2

2

2

1


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Indonesia was 287,100

tonnes, out of which 216,200 tonnes was growing up

milks, 37,700 tonnes was follow-up formula, 31,900

tonnes was standard infant formula and 1300 tonnes was

special baby milk formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in Indonesia in 2021 is

340,100 tonnes out of which 256,300 tonnes is growing up

milk, 44,600 tonnes is follow-up formula, 37,400 tonnes is

standard infant formula and 1800 tonnes is special baby

milk formula.

• Projections show that sale of all categories of BMS will

increase substantially by 2021.


GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

31.9 37.4 37.7 44.6

1.3

256.3

287.2

340.1

‘00

0to

nn

es

360

300

240

180

120

60

0

2016 2021


216.2

1.8

‘00

0to

nn

es

StandardFormula



Total

126.01147.73

152.31180.18

5.14

1035.45

1156.91

1370.471500

1250

1000

750

500

250

0

2016 2021


873.45

7.11



including methane and Nitrous Oxide during production, transport and use. Their use also generates a sizable volume






This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Indonesia. This is set alongside

assessment of the implementation of policies and programmes on Infant and young child feeding in the country


GreenFeeding




1,2


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 2015i




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) INDONESIA


and Coordination






Information Support




6

2.5

6

4.5

5

5

3

3

7

9.5

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Indonesia

3. WBT report of Indonesia 2015. http://www.worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=ID


i .

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75

A high bottle feeding rate of 32%,

coupled with a low early initiation of

breastfeeding and exclusive

breastfeeding < 6 months along need

immediate attention. It shows that

BMS are introduced early and they

replace breastfeeding during the infancy

and in the second year of life.

34.3%30.2%


hospitals, appropriate IEC policy, enhanced maternity protection, effective policies and programmes on HIV and infant

feeding, better maternity protection and access to IYCF counselling in the community.


Substitutes by:

- Strengthening the national legislation by incorporating all the provisions of the Code in it.

- Establishing International Code monitoring mechanisms which are independent and transparent and free from

Commercial influence.

4

32%


International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), Asia Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI) BP-33,Pitampura, Delhi-110034

Tel: +91-11-27312705, 42683059

Email: [email protected]

Websites: www.bpni.org


Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Nia Umar, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).

Asosiasi Ibu Menyusui Indonesia

(Indonesian Breastfeeding Mothers' Association)

Teras Sebelas, Jalan Jeruk Purut Nomor 11,

Cilandak, Jakarta 12560

Tel: (+62-021) 7884 7714, 7883 6417


Website: http://www.aimi-asi.org




growing up milks,18,170 tonnes was due to standard




272,620 tonnes , maximum contribution to it will

come from the growing up milks.

2

of CO eq.2

MALAYSIA


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Malaysia was 53,900 tonnes,

out of which 43,200 tonnes was growing up milks, 5,800

tonnes was follow-up formula, 4,600 tonnes was standard

infant formula and 300 tonnes was special baby milk

formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in Malaysia in 2021 is 67,600


6,100 tonnes is follow-up formula, 4,900 tonnes is

standard infant formula and 300 tonnes is special baby

milk formula.

• Projections show that sale of all categories of BMS except

the special baby milk formula will increase substantially

by 2021.










This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Malaysia. This is set

alongside assessment of the implementation of policies and programmes on infant and young child feeding in

the country and some suggested actions to improve the situation.

GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

4.6 4.9 5.86.1

0.3

56.353.9

67.6

‘00

0to

nn

es

72

60

48

36

24

12

0

2016 2021


43.2

0.3

‘00

0to

nn

es

StandardFormula



Total

18.1719.35 23.4324.64

1.18

227.45217.28

272.62300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2016 2021


174.5

1.18




1,2









2

2

CO2

2

1


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Malaysia 2015i




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) MALAYSIA


and Coordination






Information Support




10

6.5

4

6

7

5

5.5

7.5

4

3

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i

• There is a need to have an effective programme to improve breastfeeding practices in hospitals, enhanced

maternity protection, appropriate IEC policy, effective policy and programme on infant feeding during emergencies

and adequate counselling support in community.


Substitutes by enacting a national legislation which includes all the provisions of the Code and establishing Code

monitoring mechanisms which are independent, transparent and free from commercial influence.

4

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Malaysia

3. WBT report of Malaysia 2015. http://www.worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=MY


i

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75

A high bottle feeding rate of 56%

coupled with a low exclusive

breastfeeding < 6 months along with a

median duration of breastfeeding at 12

months need immediate attention.



the infancy and in the second year

Of life.

63.7%

44%

56%




Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Siti Norjinah Abdul Moin, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).




growing up milks,56,880 tonnes was due to infant formula,

50,500 tonnes was due to follow up formula, and 5,530

tonnes was due to special baby milk formula.

2




2

PHILIPPINES









2

CO

CO

CO

2

2

2

1


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Philippines was 54,700

tonnes, out of which 26,400 tonnes was growing up milks,

12,500 tonnes was follow-up formula, 14,400 tonnes was

infant formula and 1400 tonnes was special baby milk

formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in Philippines in 2021 is

62,000 tonnes out of which 29,000 tonnes is growing up

milk, 14,600 tonnes is follow-up formula, 16800 tonnes is

infant formula and 1600 tonnes is special baby milk

formula.

• Projections show that sale of all categories of BMS will

increase substantially by 2021


GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

14.416.8

12.514.6

1.4

29

54.7

62

‘00

0to

nn

es

72

60

48

36

24

12

0

2016 2021


26.4

1.6

‘00

0to

nn

es

StandardFormula



Total

56.8866.36

50.558.98

5.53

117.16

219.56

248.82

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2016 2021


106.65

6.32




of waste, which needs disposal. is a call to make feeding decisions that have dual benefits i.e. Practicing





This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Philippines. This is set



GreenFeeding




1,2


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 2015i




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) PHILIPPINES


and Coordination






Information Support




6

5

8.5

4.5

8.5

7

6

4.5

8

10

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Philippines

3. WBT report of Philippines 2015. http://worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=PH


i .

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75

A high bottle feeding rate of 48.8%



median duration of breastfeeding of 8.2

months need immediate attention. It

shows that BMS are introduced early and

they replace breastfeeding during the

infancy and in the second year of life.

77.1%

28.3%


hospitals, enhanced maternity protection and effective policies and programmes on HIV and infant feeding.


Substitutes by:

- Strengthening the Code legislation to bridge the gaps being exploited by the manufacturers to promote baby foods

by prohibiting advertisements and contacts with mothers and banning nutrition and health claims.

- Establishing International Code/national legislation monitoring mechanisms which are independent and transparent

and free from commercial influence.

4

48.8%


International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), Asia Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI) BP-33,Pitampura, Delhi-110034

Tel: +91-11-27312705, 42683059


Websites: www.bpni.org


Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Innes Fernandez, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).

ARUGAAN

2 Starlight Street corner Vista Street, SSS Village,

Concepcion Dos, Marikina City, Metro Manila,

Philippines


Tel: +63-908-8888153, +63-919-2330200


• Total GHG emissions due to BMS in 2016 was 73,191.77

tonnes of CO eq. out of which 20,116.37 tonnes was due

to growing up milks,26677.90 tonnes was due to standard

formula, 25,818.42 tonnes was due to follow up formula,

and 579.07 tonnes was due to special baby milk formula.

2


74733.29 tonnes of Co eq., maximum contribution to it will

come from the follow on up milks.

2

This report card has used the method developed by IBFAN Asia to estimate the GHG emission [kg CO eq. emissions, that is, the

GHG amount that would have the same global warming potential as a kilogram of carbon dioxide gas (Co )] per kg of BMS sold.

It took into account the GHG emissions due to constituents of BMS like milk powder, vegetable oils and sugars, as found from a

literature review. Proportions of ingredients in various BMS products were calculated using Codex Alimentarius guidance on

macronutrient composition. Published industry data from Euromonitor International for milk formula sales provided data on



formula and 4.04 kg C eq. for follow-up formula and growing up milks.

2

2

2

2O1


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in South Korea was 18270.5

tonnes, out of which 4979.3 tonnes was growing up milks,

6390.7 tonnes was follow-up formula, 6753.9 tonnes was

infant formula and 146.6 tonnes was special baby milk

formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in South Korea in 2021 is

18641.9 tonnes out of which 5395.1 tonnes will be growing

up milk, 6802.6 tonnes follow-up formula, 6290.2 tonnes

infant formula and 154 tonnes will be the special baby milk

formula.

• Projections show that sale of all categories of BMS except

infant formula will increase by 2021.


GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

6753.96290.2 6390.76802.6

146.6

5395.1

18270.518641.9

ton

nes

19200

16000

12800

9600

6400

3100

0

2016 2021


4979.3

154

ton

nes

StandardFormula



Total

26677.9124846.29

25818.4327482.5

579.07

21796.2

73191.7874733.378000

65000

52000

39000

26000

13000

0

2016 2021


20116.37

608.03









This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Republic of Korea. This is

set alongside assessment of the implementation of policies and programmes on infant and young child feeding

in the country and some suggested actions to improve the situation.

GreenFeeding

Sales of BMS in 2016 andprojected sales in 2021 (Tonnes)


projected emissions in 2021 (Tonnes Co eq.)2

1,2

REPUPLIC OF KOREA


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 201i 7




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) REPUBLIC OF KOREA


and Coordination






Information Support




6

3.5

7.5

6.5

7.5

10

5

5

5

0.5

8 9 10

WBT Report 201i 7

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in South Korea

3. WBTi report of Republic of Korea, 2017. http://www.worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=KR


IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75


coupled with a low rate of initiation of

breastfeeding within one months and

exclusive breastfeeding < 6 months along

with a median duration of breastfeeding at

10 months need immediate attention. It

shows that BMS are introduced early and

they replace breastfeeding during the

infancy and in the second year of life.

18.1%

35.9%

• There is a need for a robust national IYCF policy, effective programme to improve breastfeeding practices in hospitals,

enhanced maternity protection, and effective policies and programmes on HIV and infant feeding and during emergencies.


Substitutes by:

- Strengthening the national legislation by including all the provisions of the Code.

- Establishing International Code monitoring mechanisms which are independent and transparent, free from commercial

influence and empwered to investigate the Code violations.

4

49.2%


International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), Asia

Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India (BPNI)BP-33,Pitampura, Delhi-110034

Tel: +91-11-27312705, 27312706, 42683059

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Websites: www.ibfanasia.org, www.bpni.org

Korea Breastfeeding Network (KBN)

402 Banpoplaza, 8,Shinbanpo-ro,

Seocho-gu,

Seoul, Korea


Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Kim Jaiok, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).


• Total GHG emissions due to BMS in 2016 was 18,914.7

tonnes of CO2 eq. out of which 13688.7 tonnes was due to

growing up milks, 1,453.2 tonnes was due to standard


2,114.8 tonnes was due to special baby milk formula.


17,338.7 tonnes of CO eq., maximum contribution to it will


2

SINGAPORE


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Singapore was 4,702 tonnes,

out of which 3,388.3 tonnes was growing up milks, 410.4

tonnes was follow-up formula, 367.9 tonnes was standard

infant formula and 535.4 tonnes was special baby milk

formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in Singapore in 2021 is 4,314.6

tonnes out of which 2,925.9 tonnes is growing up milk,

365.3 tonnes is follow-up formula, 306.8 tonnes is standard

infant formula and 716.6 tonnes is special baby milk

formula.

• Projections show that by 2021 sale of all categories of BMS

will decrease by 10%, except special baby milk formula

which will increase substantially.










This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Singapore. This is set



GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

367.9 306.8410.4 365.3

535.4

2925.9

4702

4314.6

Ton

nes

4800

4000

3200

2400

1600

800

0

2016 2021


3388.3

716.6

Ton

nes

StandardFormula



Total

1453.21211.8 1658 1475.8 2114.8

18914.7

17338.7

19200

16000

12800

9600

6400

3200

0

2016 2021


13688.70

2830.5



projected emissions in 2021 (Tonnes CO eq.)2

1,2


the GHG amount that would have the same global warming potential as a kilogram of carbon dioxide gas (CO )] per kg of BMS






formula and 4.04 kg CO eq. for follow-up formula and growing up milks.

2

2

2

2

1

11820.60




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) SINGAPORE


and Coordination






Information Support




6

7

2.5

3.5

4

4

3

6

4

0

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i

• There is a need to have a robust national IYCF policy, enhanced maternity protection, appropriate IEC policy,

effective policies and programmes on infant feeding during emergencies and inclusion of breastfeeding indicators in

the national health and nutrition surveys.


Substitutes by enacting a national legislation which includes all the provisions of the Code and establishing Code

monitoring mechanisms which are independent, transparent and free from commercial influence.

5

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Singapore

3. National Breastfeeding Survey 2011, Available at: https://data.gov.sg/dataset/national-breastfeeding-survey


4. WBT report of Singapore 2015. Http://www.worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=SGi

IYCF Practices3

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75

Adequate data for breastfeeding practices are not available in Singapore. The national

breastfeeding survey 2011 reported that 95% mothers initiated breastfeeding in hospital but exact

timings were not reported; 50.3% mothers breastfed exclusively at hospital discharge which

droped to 0.8% at 6 months post-delivery. Any breastfeeding rate was 41.6% at 6 months, while

median duration of breastfeeding was 1.8 months



Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Cynthia Pang, Chua Mei Chien, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).

Association for Breastfeeding

Advocacy (ABAS)

Singapore



tonnes of CO2 eq. out of which 37,170 tonnes was due to

growing up milks,9,290 tonnes was due to follow up

formula, 9,480 tonnes was due to infant formula and 3,950

tonnes was due to special baby milk formula.

• Projected total GHG emissions in 2021 due to BMS will

increase slightly to 61,930 tonnes of CO eq., maximum

contribution to it will come from the growing up milks.

2

TAIWAN, ROC


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Taiwan, ROC was 14,900

tonnes, out of which 9,200 tonnes was growing up milks,

2,300 tonnes was follow-up formula and 2,400 tonnes was

infant formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in Taiwan in 2021 is 15,400


2,200 tonnes is follow-up formula and 2,200 tonnes is

infant formula.

• Projections show sale of infant formula and follow-up

formula will go down slightly while there will be about 8%

increase in the sale of growing up milk by 2021.


GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

2400 2200 2300 2200

1000

9900

1490015400

Ton

nes

16200

13500

10800

8100

5400

2700

0

2016 2021


9200

1100

Ton

nes

StandardFormula



Total

948086909290

8890

3950

40000

598906193066000

55000

44000

33000

22000

11000

0

2016 2021


31170

4350









This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Taiwan, ROC. This is set



GreenFeeding



projected emissions in 2021 (Tonnes CO eq.)2

1,2


the GHG amount that would have the sameglobal warming potential as a kilogram of carbon dioxide gas ( ] per kg of BMS







2

CO )2

2

2

1


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 201i 5




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) TAIWAN, ROC


and Coordination






Information Support




1

4.5

5

7

6

5

3.5

3.5

4

1

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Taiwan

3. WBT report of Taiwan 2015. http://worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=TW

4. https://www.global-regulation.com/law/taiwan/9330910/act-governing-food-safety-and-sanitation.html

i


The Chinese Women Consumers Association

No. 151, 4F-9, Ming Sheng E Road,

Sec 5, Taipei,

Taiwan

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75


coupled with low rates of early initiation

and exclusive breastfeeding < 6 months

and a median duration of breastfeeding

of 5 months need immediate attention.




21.1%

45.8%

• There is a need to have a robust national IYCF policy, appropriate information support, improved policy and

programmes on HIV and infant feeding and strengthening of programmes on infant feeding during emergencies.


Substitutes by enacting a national law which includes all the provision of the Code and have a robust mechanism for its

implementation. Although, advertisements of the breastmilk substitutes are now not allowed due to the newly revised

Food Safety and Sanitation Law.4

79%



Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Chwang Leh-Chii, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).




growing up milks, 32,390 tonnes was due to infant






2

THAILAND


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Thailand was 135,500 tonnes,


tonnes was follow-up formula and 8,200 tonnes was infant

formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in 2021 is 155,100 tonnes out

of which 140,800 tonnes will be growing up milk, 4,700

tonnes follow-up formula and 8,500 tonnes infant formula.

• Projections shows that there will be about 20% increase in

the sales of BMS by 2021, most of which will be

contributed by the growing-up milks.





of waste, which needs disposal. is a call to make feeding decisions that have dual benefits i.e. Practicing





This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Thailand. This is set alongside



GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

8.2 8.54.5 4.7

0.8

140.8135.5

155.1

‘00

0to

nn

es

180

150

120

90

60

30

0

2016 2021


122

1.1

‘00

0to

nn

es

StandardFormula



Total

32.3933.5718.1818.98

3.16

568.83546.61

625.72

720

600

480

360

240

120

0

2016 2021


492.88

4.34




1,2









2

CO

CO

CO

2

2

2

1


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

MICS Thailand 2016




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) THAILAND


and Coordination






Information Support




4

7

4

4.5

4

5

9

10

10

3

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i


hospitals, enhanced maternity protection and effective policies and programmes on infant feeding during

emergencies.


Substitutes by strengthening the Code legislation to bridge the gaps being exploited by the manufacturers to

promote their products such as prohibiting advertisement of follow-on formula and growing-up milks.

4

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Thailand

3. WBT report of Thailand 2015. http://worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=TH

4. Http://www.searo.who.int/thailand/news/control-marketing-of-infant-and-young-child-food-act(2017).pdf

i

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75




median duration of breastfeeding at 7.9

months need immediate attention.



the infancy and in the second year

of life.

39.9%

23.1%

79.3%



Thai Breastfeeding Centre Foundation

Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health

Building, Fl.11,

Rajhavithi road,

Bangkok 10400,

Thailand


Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Dr. Yupayong Hangchaovanich, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).




growing up milks and 47,670 tonnes was due to follow up

formula.


426,020 tonnes of , with the maximum contribution to


2

CO2

VIETNAM

This report card has used the method developed by IBFAN Asia to estimate the GHG emission [kg CO eq. emissions, that is, the

GHG amount that would have the same global warming potential as a kilogram of carbon dioxide gas (CO )] per kg of BMS sold.

It took into account the GHG emissions due to constituents of BMS like milk powder, vegetable oils and sugars, as found from a

literature review. Proportions of ingredients in various BMS products were calculated using Codex Alimentarius guidance on

macronutrient composition. Published industry data from Euromonitor International for milk formula sales provided data on




2

2

2

2

1


• In 2016, total sale of BMS in Vietnam was 89,200 tonnes,


tonnes was follow-up formula and 6,700 tonnes was

standard infant formula.

• Total projected sale of BMS in Vietnam in 2021 is 105,600


11,100 tonnes is follow-up formula and 6,600 tonnes is

standard infant formula.

• Projections show sale of standard infant formula and

follow-up formula will go down while there will be about

25% increase in the sale of growing up milk by 2021.










This report-card provides estimates of GHG emissions arising from BMS sale in Vietnam. This is set alongside



GreenFeeding

InfantFormula



Total

6.7 6.611.8 11.1

70.7

87.9 89.2

105.6

‘00

0to

nn

es

120

100

80

60

40

20

0


2

2016 2021 2016 2021

StandardFormula



Total

480

400

320

240

160

80

0

‘00

0to

nn

es

GHG Emissions due to BMS in 2016 andprojected emissions in 2021 (‘000 Tonnes CO eq.)2

1,2

426.02

359.77355.11

285.63

47.67 44.8426.47 26.07



Designed by:

Dr. J.P. Dadhich Dr. Quan Le Nga, Dr. Arun Gupta







Agency (Sida).


of birth



Bottle feeding

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

WBT Report 2015i

75%

19.6%

80.4%




Report Card on Carbon Footprints due to Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) VIETNAM


and Coordination






Information Support




5

4

9

7

8.5

9

8.5

7.5

9

5.5

8 9 10

WBT Report 2015i


hospitals, safe infant feeding practices during emergencies, better maternity protection provisions and effective

implementation of programmes on HIV and infant feeding.


Substitutes bystrengthening the Code legislation to bridge the gaps being exploited by the manufacturers to promote

their baby food and milk formula products; and establishing International Code monitoring mechanisms which are

independent and transparent, free from commercial influence and empowered to impose legal sanctions.

4

—



2. Euromonitor International (2016). Passport-Baby Food in Vietnam

3. WBT report of Vietnam 2015. http://www.worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/GenerateReports/countrysubmit.php?country=VN


i

LIGHT

1 Bldg no.38, Dich Vong Hau Str.,

Cau Giay Dist., Ha Noi, Vietnam


Phone: (+84) 236 3 88 95 95

Hotline: (+84) 98 115 5959

IYCF Practices

GreenFeeding

0 1 2 3 4 6 75


rate of exclusive breastfeeding < 6

months and a median

duration of breastfeeding of 13 months

need immediate attention.




coupled with


Documents

CF RC China (13 Jul 2018)...sold. It took into account the GHG emissions due to constituents of BMS like milk powder, vegetable oils and sugars, as found from a literature review