Cestoda (Platyheminthes) of the Gulf of Mexico

487

•

Cestodes (tapeworms) are obligate, internal parasites. In general, as adults they inhabit the digestive system of their vertebrate hosts; few have been reported from other sites. The Eucestoda (true tapeworms) comprise 12 orders (Khalil, Jones, and Bray 1994, Caira, Mega, and Ruhnke 2005). Recognized separately are the Cestodaria, 2 orders of monozoic (unproglottized) tapeworms, the Gyrocoty-lidea and Amphilinidea. Within the Eucestoda, 4 orders are exclusively marine (Cathetocephalidea, Diphyllidea, Lecanicephalidea, and Tetrabothriidea), and 5 orders con-tain members inhabiting the marine environment (Cyclo-phyllidea, Pseudophyllidea, Spathebothriidea, Tetraphyl-lidea, and Trypanorhyncha). The remaining 3 orders, Caryophyllidea, Proteocephalidea (with few spurious records from the marine environment), and Nippotaeni-idea parasitize freshwater (and brackish water) teleosts. Collectively, over 5000 species of cestodes are recognized, of which approximately 1400 species inhabit the marine environment (see Caira and Reyda 2005). A diverse array of vertebrates serve as definitive hosts for the different euc-estode orders in the marine environment: Cathetocepha-lidea, Diphyllidea, Lecanicephalidea, Tetraphyllidea, and Trypanorhyncha exclusively parasitize elasmobranchs; Pseudophyllidea parasitize actinopterygians (ray- finned fishes), birds, and marine mammals; Tetrabothriidea par-asitize birds and marine mammals; Cyclophyllidea para-sitize birds; Spathebothriidea and Proteocephalidea para-sitize actinopterygians.

The body of a eucestode (true tapeworm) consists of the scolex (the holdfast organ used in attachment) and the

strobila (a chain of proglottids, or segments, each proglot-tid containing the reproductive organs). The vast major-ity of eucestodes are hermaphroditic (possessing at least one set of male and one set of female reproductive organs per proglottid); a few are dioecious. The Cestodaria, Nip-potaeniidea, and Caryophyllidea are unusual in that each possesses only a single set of male and female reproductive organs. The orders are distinguished from one another mainly based on their scolex morphology and basic dif-ferences in reproductive anatomy.

Generalizations about marine cestode life cycles are few. In general, marine cestodes have complex life cycles

487

24Cestoda (Platyheminthes) of the Gulf of MexicoKirsten Jensen

•

Cestoda. After Ransom 1909.

Jensen, K. 2009. Cestoda (Platyhelminthes) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 487–522 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.

488 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)

ing orders should be considered tentative at the species level, in some cases even at the genus level and above.

Marine animals serving as hosts (definitive, interme-diate, or paratenic) of marine cestodes were nicely sum-marized by Caira and Reyda (2005). Adult cestodes in the marine environment parasitize all classes of vertebrates. Intermediate hosts of marine cestode larvae may include vertebrates, primarily actinopterygians, but occasionally also marine mammals, and a diversity of invertebrates (bivalves, cephalopods, gastropods, scyphozoans, deca-pod crustaceans). Most of what is known about marine cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico comes from species studied in coastal waters; in contrast, our knowledge of cestodes, for example, from the benthic and pelagic marine envi-ronment is very limited.

Systematic History

In Fishery Bulletin 89, Chandler (1954) compiled the first and only comprehensive list of cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. This list included adult and larval records of approximately 47 species representing 4 orders at that time. However, Proteocephalidea is now considered an order rather than a family of Tetraphyllidea, as is Catheto-cephalidea. Chandler’s (1954) list is restricted to records from elasmobranchs (as definitive hosts) and actinop-terygians (as definitive and intermediate or paratenic hosts). Chandler (1954) nicely summarized the history of Cestodology in the Gulf up to that time, giving trib-ute particularly to Linton’s extensive 1906–1908 work in the Dry Tortugas, Florida (see Linton 1907, 1908, 1909a, b), as well as to his own work (Chandler 1935a, b, 1942) and that of several other authors (Pérez Vigueras 1935, 1936, Potter 1937, Shuler 1938, Seamster 1950—as pers. comm.). Since then, many workers have contributed to our understanding of the cestode fauna of the Gulf of Mexico. For example, much work was done in Florida and Texas on the larval cestodes in molluscs (e.g., Wardle 1974, Cake 1976, 1977a). Hutton and his coworkers stud-ied the parasite fauna of coastal Florida (e.g., Hutton and Sogandares- Bernal 1960, Hutton 1964). A number of studies have focused on the parasites of penaeid shrimp, yielding many records of larval cestodes (e.g., Hutton et al. 1959, Kruse 1959, Ragan and Aldrich 1972, Sparks and Fontain 1973, Chávez- Sánchez et al. 2002, Vidal- Martínez et al. 2006), while others have focused their studies on adult cestodes of particular host groups such as elasmo-branchs (Thatcher 1961, Henson 1975) and teleosts (Arm-strong 1974, Overstreet 1977, Palm and Overstreet 2000).

involving at least 2 hosts. They are transmitted between hosts by way of the food chain. All parasitize a vertebrate as their definitive host. Life cycle data overall are fragmen-tary. Moreover, life cycle data for many marine cestodes are entirely lacking (Beveridge 2001). Only a few complete life cycles are known for marine taxa—for example, in the Cyclophyllidea, Pseudophyllidea, and Trypanorhyncha (see Palm 2004, Caira and Reyda 2005).

In general, the life cycle involves the adult tapeworm inhabiting the intestine of its definitive vertebrate host in which it reaches sexual maturity and produces eggs. Eggs are released from the adult worm and pass to the outside environment. Eggs contain the first larval stage (i.e., hexa-canth embryo or coracidium), which is ingested by the first intermediate host. The initial larval stage metamor-phoses into one or more stages collectively referred to as the metacestode. Several types of metacestodes are recog-nized (see Chervy 2002). Subsequent metacestode devel-opment takes place in one or more additional intermedi-ate hosts. Paratenic hosts—that is, hosts used to bridge gaps in the food chain—are included in the life cycle of many groups. The life cycle is completed when the final host containing the final larval stage is consumed by the definitive host. In the definitive host, the scolex of the metacestode develops fully, and the worm undergoes pro-glottization and matures into the adult tapeworm. Tax-onomy of eucestodes below the ordinal level is primarily based on adult scolex morphology. Identification of meta-cestodes is hampered by their lack of adult distinguishing features. Only cyclophyllidean and trypanorhynch meta-cestodes can be identified to species, because these larvae have already developed the diagnostic adult scolex fea-tures (i.e., rostellar hooks and tentacular armature, respec-tively). In contrast, identifications of larvae of all remain-

Cestoda. After Ransom 1909.

Jensen ~ 489

spiral intestine of carcharhinid sharks. The relatively large larvae of P. caryophyllum, typically 6 cm in length (Over-street 1977), however, are highly visible in the muscula-ture of, among other species, the economically valuable spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus.

Diversity

At present, at least 93 species of cestodes have been recorded to occur in the Gulf of Mexico. The records of cestodes from the Gulf are organized in 3 lists: (1) a checklist of adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmo-branchs, and marine mammals (checklist 1); (2) a check-list of larval cestodes (checklist 2); and (3) a host- parasite list (checklist 3). A summary table presents the diversity of cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico by major host group (taxonomic summary). Overall, the majority of species recorded from the Gulf of Mexico are trypanorhynchs (42 spp.), followed by tetraphyllideans (32 spp.), pseudo-phyllideans (7 spp.), cathetocephalideans (3 spp.), cyclo-phyllideans, lecanicephalideans, proteocephalideans, and tetrabothriideans (2 spp. each), and diphyllideans (1 sp.). Interestingly, the relatively large species diversity of try-panorhynchs represents a combination of adult and larval records (primarily from elasmobranchs and actinoptery-gians), while the majority of the tetraphyllidean species (with the exception of Dioecotaenia cancellata, Pelichnibo-thrium speciosum, and Phyllobothrium delphini) are adult records only. However, the hosts of these cestodes rep-resent only a small proportion of the overall chondrich-thyan and actinopterygian diversity present in the Gulf. McEachran (this volume) lists 128 species of chondrich-thyans and 1409 species of actinopterygians. To date, ces-todes (as adults or larvae) have been reported from 27 of the 128 chondrichthyan species (21%) and only 80 of the 1408 actinopterygian species (<6%) (see the taxonomic summary).

The dominance of elasmobranch species as definitive hosts for marine cestodes, as supported by the marine ces-todes records assembled for the Gulf, is not an unusual pattern. In contrast, the intestinal fauna of actinoptery-gians is dominated by digenean species (see Overstreet et al. this volume). Over 5000 species of digeneans are known from marine and freshwater actinopterygians. Records of cestodes parasitizing actinopterygians as definitive hosts in the Gulf of Mexico are few (e.g., Anan-trum tortum in Synodus foetens, Proteocephalus austra-lis and P. elongatus in Lepisosteus osseus, Ptychobothrium belones in Strongylura notata and Tylosurus raphidoma).

More recent revisionary works at a diversity of taxonomic levels have significantly enhanced our understanding of the host distributions of certain cestode groups. These works have mainly treated genera of tetraphyllideans (see Goldstein 1964, Caira and Pritchard 1986, Caira 1992, Ruhnke 1996, Healy 2003, Caira, Richmond, and Swan-son 2005) and trypanorhynchs (see Beveridge and Camp-bell 1993, Campbell and Beveridge 1996), all of which included species from the Gulf of Mexico. A number of cestode genera that include species occurring in the Gulf have been described since Chandler’s (1954) list was published (e.g., Anantrum Overstreet, 1968, Dollfusiella Campbell and Beveridge, 1994, Heteronybelinia Palm, 1999, Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994, Pseudogril-lotia Dollfus, 1969, Zygorhynchus Beveridge and Camp-bell, 1988; Overstreet 1968, Dollfus 1969, Beveridge and Campbell 1988, Campbell and Beveridge 1994, Ruhnke 1994a, Palm 1999). The Trypanorhyncha (see, e.g., Over-street 1977, 1978a, Palm 1995, Palm and Overstreet 2000, Palm 2004), at present, are the best- studied group of ces-todes in the Gulf of Mexico.

Economic Importance

Summaries of the effects of marine cestodes on their ver-tebrate and invertebrate hosts can be found in, for ex-ample, Overstreet (1978b) and Caira and Reyda (2005). Suffice it here to reiterate that many of the hosts of lar-val and adult parasites are of at least potential economic importance. Overstreet (1978b), in his comprehensive treatment of diseases of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts in the northern Gulf of Mexico, nicely summarized the occurrence of cestodes. In particular, trypanorhynch larvae parasitizing white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus), pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum), and brown shrimp (F. aztecus) have been studied in some detail. The main parasite responsible for these infections is Prochris-tianella hispida (syn. P. penaei; see Aldrich 1965, Ragan and Aldrich 1972, Overstreet 1978b, Mattis 1986, Vidal- Martínez et al. 2006).

A commonly encountered cestode group in economi-cally important fish is larval trypanorhynchs in the mus-culature primarily of sciaenids (Overstreet 1978a, b). A number of species responsible for giving the flesh of these fishes an unappetizing appearance have been identified; these include Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha, Pterobothrium lintoni, and P. heteracanthum (see Overstreet 1978a). The most prevalent, however, is Poecilancistrium caryophyl-lum. As adults, this trypanorhynch species parasitizes the


bell, Haedrich, and Munroe (1980) predicted that the hel-minth fauna of mesopelagic hosts will be dominated by larval cestodes and nematodes. Moreover, he predicted that benthic actinopterygians harbor more abundant and diverse faunas of both adult and larval helminthes in gen-eral, as compared to deepwater pelagic species.

Adult cestodes of seabirds from the Gulf of Mexico were not treated in this list. However, two records of larval dilepidids (Cyclophyllidea; see checklist 2) were included: Ascodilepis transfuga, a parasite of the spoonbill, Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, as adults (Scholz 2001), from the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), and Glossocercus cyprino-dontis from the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon var-iegatus; see checklist 2). In fact, Scholz (2001: 928) con-sidered the metacestodes (cysticercoids) of dipelidid tapeworms parasitic in actinopterygians to “belong to the most neglected groups of fish parasites in the American continent.” This same sentiment was expressed by Hoberg (1996) for the Tetrabothriidea, the majority of which par-asitize seabirds as definitive hosts and actinopterygians as intermediate hosts. Hoberg (1996) emphasized the fact that especially the life cycles of cestodes parasitizing pelagic seabirds were practically unknown.

These aforementioned studies serve to highlight ave-nues of cestode research most likely to contribute greatly to our understanding of cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico.

Checklist Conventions

The overall goal of these lists was to compile records of cestodes for the Gulf of Mexico that reflect current sur-vey and taxonomic knowledge of the group. All records were taken from the literature; no specimens were exam-ined for the purpose of verification. While the major-ity of data provided in the cestode checklists (lists 1 and 2) consist of unaltered information as presented in the original records, cestode taxon names for some species have been updated to reflect the current taxonomy of the group. As a consequence, a number of species listed by Chandler (1954) are now recognized in other genera. In a few cases, species originally identified to species or genus are presented here only at the generic and ordinal level, respectively (see, e.g., Phoreiobothrium sp. and Tetraphyl-lidea [nonhooked] in list 1). In all of these cases, endnotes associated with the references were used to indicate the original designation in each record and to justify the des-ignation based on the current taxonomic knowledge of the group. These few subjective decisions are open for scrutiny. For the Trypanorhyncha, Palm (2004) and Palm

Over 1000 species of cathetocephalideans, diphyllideans, lecanicephalideans, tetraphyllideans, and trypanorhynchs are currently recognized. In this host system, digeneans parasitize sites other than the intestine (see, e.g., Caira and Healy 2004, Overstreet et al. this volume).

Despite a century of work, the cestodes of the Gulf of Mexico remain a relatively poorly studied group of organ-isms. While previous revisionary work has facilitated progress in some groups, additional revisionary work is needed, particularly of tetraphyllidean taxa. Problem-atic, for example, are the identities of records of Ech-eneibothrium Van Beneden, 1849, and Phyllobothrium Van Beneden, 1849, species from dasyatid stingrays, and the numerous records of Phoreiobothrium lasium from sphyrnid and carcharhinid sharks. In addition, it is clear that a rich diversity of elasmobranch tapeworms remains to be discovered in the Gulf of Mexico because tapeworm records exist for only 21% of the elasmobranchs known to occur in the Gulf. Many elasmobranch species, for ex-ample the majority of species of skates (Rajidae), lantern sharks (Etmopteridae), and cat sharks (Scyliorhinidae), have never been examined for tapeworms. Moreover, the tapeworm fauna of many other elasmobranch spe-cies has been studied from selected localities along their ranges, but records from the Gulf are few. For example, the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, which is common in the Gulf of Mexico, is known to host 13 species of ces-todes throughout its range (see Linton, 1891, 1897, 1901, Schmidt 1969, Campbell and Carvajal 1975, Carvajal and Campbell 1975, Williams and Campbell 1977, 1978, 1980, Mayes and Brooks 1981, Campbell and Williams 1984, Ivanov and Campbell 2000, Pam 2004) but only 4 species at best have been reported from the Gulf (see checklist 3). Detailed investigations of elasmobranchs would likely reveal new locality records for the Gulf of Mexico, as well as, given the oixenous specificity (i.e., strict host specific-ity) of Cathetocephalidea, Lecanicephalidea, and Tetra-phyllidea, and most Diphyllidea, a number of species new to science.

Even fewer actinopterygians are reported as definitive or intermediate hosts of cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico; less than 6% of actinopterygians occurring in the Gulf could be listed as hosts in checklist 3. Despite the relatively well- studied status of the Trypanorhyncha, understudied actinopterygians are likely to serve as intermediate hosts for a large diversity of trypanorhynchs. In addition, most records of cestodes are from the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico; mesopelagic, pelagic, and deepwater benthic actinopterygians are especially undersampled. Camp-

Jensen ~ 491

ered are recognized. However, the field was left blank if site data was not provided.

For comparative purposes, the locality information provided in the original reference (e.g., northern Gulf of Mexico, west coast of Florida) was replaced with ne, nw, sw, and se quadrants with 25°N and 90°W as the boundar-ies, following Pequegnat and Pequegnat (1970). For spe-cies with more restricted locality records, sectors within the quadrants were used—e.g., “nnw” for “Galveston Bay, Texas” (see Dailey and Overstreet 1973); “ese” for “Dry Tortugas, Florida” (see Linton 1909a); “ssw, sse” for “Mexico” (see Nikolaeva and Paruhin 1968). Cestode spe-cies that were found to occur throughout the Gulf were reported as “entire;” in a few cases “[entire]” was used to indicate that no specific locality was given in the record.

References included are those of the original records and of literature directly related to the taxon in the Gulf of Mexico.

In total, the checklist of adult cestodes from actinop-terygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals (check-list 1) consists of records of 75 species representing 8 orders, in addition to records identified only to genus or above. The majority of cestodes species occurring in the Gulf parasitize elasmobranchs and actinopterygians as definitive host. Two records of species of Proteocepha-lus Weinland, 1858, from the gar, Lepisosteus osseus, were included, because this host is considered to inhabit the Gulf of Mexico. It should be pointed out, however, that the life cycle for these species, unlike that of seabird tape-worms (see the following), might not be entirely marine (see Caira and Reyda 2005).

Few records of adult cestodes exist from whales and dolphins (Tetrabothrius forsteri, Trigonocotyle sexitesticu-lae; see Forrester 1992). No records were found of cestodes from formerly present pinnipeds in the Gulf of Mexico. A single record of a cestode (as Anoplocephala sp.) from a manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) was published; however, this record was from southeastern Florida, not the Gulf of Mexico (see Beck and Forrester 1988, Forrester 1992).

Excluded from this list are records of cestodes from seabirds or from mammals other than cetaceans. Seabirds are parasitized by Cyclophyllidea and Tetrabothriidea. These species have marine life cycles utilizing mainly acti-nopterygians as intermediate hosts. The reader is referred to, for example, records of Parvitaenia ibisae Schmidt and Busch, 1972, and Tetrabothrius sp. from the Ameri-can white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchus Gmelin, and the brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus, from

and Overstreet (2000) were used as primary sources, aug-mented by additional primary literature (Armstrong 1974, Chávez- Sánchez et al. 2002, Sánchez- Ramírez and Vidal- Martínez 2002, Vidal- Martínez, Jiménez- Cueto, and Simá- Álvarez 2002, Vidal- Martínez et al. 2006). Records of two trypanorhynchs, Parachristianella heteromegacan-tha and Hepatoxylon megacephalum listed by Palm and Overstreet (2000), while likely present in the Gulf, could not be confirmed and are not included in the lists. In the checklist of adult cestodes (list 1), subordinal categories are only recognized in the Trypanorhyncha; in the check-list of cestode larvae (list 2), subordinal categories are recognized in the Cyclophyllidea and Trypanorhyncha. Tetraphyllidea are not divided into families because mor-phological and molecular evidence has shown that the traditional Onchobothriidae (hooked tetraphyllideans) and Phyllobothriidae (nonhooked tetraphyllideans) may not be monophyletic (see, e.g., Caira, Jensen, and Healy 1999, 2001, Olson et al. 2001, Waeschenbach et al. 2007). Within orders and families (in the case of Trypanorhyn-cha), genera are listed alphabetically.

Owing to the fact that the larval lecanicephalideans and tetraphyllideans cannot be reliably identified to spe-cies, the majority of larval records are presented only at the generic or ordinal level. Metacestodes (plerocercoids and merocercoids—see Chervy 2002 for larval terminol-ogy) of tetraphyllideans, possessing an undifferentiated scolex bearing 4 suckers and an apical organ, which are commonly referred to in the literature as “Scolex pleu-ronectis” or “Scolex polymorphus,” were combined in “Tet-raphyllidea.” In each case, however, the endnotes associ-ated with the respective references reflect the name given to the larval form in the original record. For only one lar-val type (see Rhodobothium sp. in checklist 2), a larva with a highly unusual morphology (see Cake 1976, fig. 8), was the generic designation adjusted to reflect our current understanding of the taxon. Again, the original designa-tions are provided in the endnotes.

For each cestode taxon, host species and site in host is given. Host species in checklists 1 and 2 are presented as given in the original record, while host species names are updated to reflect current host taxonomy in checklist 3. In cases in which host designations could not be resolved with currently recognized synonymies, the host name is followed by “[sic]” (see Carcharhinus commersonii and C. platyodon in checklist 1).

The specific site the cestode occupied in the host is pre-sented as given in the original record, or slightly general-ized. Overall, 28 sites from which parasites were recov-


were compiled to serve as a starting point for future ces-tode work in the Gulf of Mexico. Given the high number of elasmobranchs and actinopterygians from which no cestodes have been reported to date, the cestode diversity presented here is likely to dramatically underrepresent the true diversity of cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations were used in the checklists: ene = east- northeast; ese = east- southeast; ne = north-east; nne = north- northeast; nnw = north- northwest; nw = northwest; se = southeast; sse = south- southeast; ssw = south- southwest; sw = southwest; wnw = west- northwest; and wsw = west- southwest.

Abbreviation of sites from which parasites were recov-ered: acw = abdominal cavity wall; bcv = body cavity; bra = branchial region; brn = brain; con = connective tissue; cyd = cystic duct; did = digestive diverticula; dig = diges-tive gland; gbd = gall bladder; gil = gills; hpp = hepatopan-creas; int = intestine; inw = intestinal wall; lei = muscular fold of valve of Leiblein; liv = liver; man = mantle cav-ity; meg = mesoglea; mes = mesenteries; mus = muscula-ture; nev = nervous system; pca = pericardial region; pcc = pyloric caeca; rec = rectum; rew = wall of rectum; spi = spiral intestine; sto = stomach; stw = stomach wall; vis = viscera.

Acknowledgments

A number of people were of tremendous help during the process of assembling this list. I thank Dr. Robin Over-street (Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi), coordinator of the platyhelminth chapters in this volume, for providing earlier versions of his manuscript as a template. Dr. Stephen (Ash) Bullard (Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi) shared his extensive knowledge about Gulf helminthes in numerous discussions. I thank Dr. Tim Ruhnke (West Virginia State College) and Dr. Roman Kuchta for their taxonomic input on selected tetraphyl-lidean and pseudophyllidean taxa, respectively. Dr. Harry Palm generously allowed access to his extensive resources on Trypanorhyncha, without which this checklist could not have been completed in a timely fashion. Dr. Janine Caira is gratefully acknowledged for numerous discus-sions about taxonomic issues relating to cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as for commenting on an earlier

Texas (Dronen, Blend, and Anderson 2003); Parvitaenia heardi Schmidt and Courtney, 1972, from the reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (Gmelin) from Texas and Florida (Conti, Forrester, and Paul 1986); Paradilepis caballeroi Rysavy and Macko, 1971, from the double- crested cor-morant, Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson) from Matagorda County, Texas (Fedynich, Pence, and Bergan 1997); and Cloacotaenia megalops (Nitzsch, 1829) from wintering waterfowl from Texas (Haukos and Neaville 2003).

The checklist of larval cestodes (checklist 2) consists of a total of 44 species of cestodes representing 6 orders, in addition to records identified to genus only or above. Host groups represented in this list are mainly actinop-terygians, decapod crustaceans, bivalves, and gastropods. In addition, several individual records from scyphozo-ans, a cephalopod, and a marine mammal are provided. These records are of plerocercoids, plerocerci, and mero-cercoids; not included in this list are records of trypan-orhynch procercoids (i.e., first larval stage). This larval stage has been reported from copepod first intermediate hosts (see Palm 2004).

A host- parasite list is presented in checklist 3. Every attempt was made to use valid names for all host taxa. Classification and nomenclature of the respective groups was based on the following references: decapod crusta-ceans (McLaughlin et al. 2005), actinopterygians, and chondrichthyans (Nelson 2006, McEachran this volume), scyphozoans (Cairns et al. 2002), bivalves (Turgeon et al. this volume), cephalopods (Turgeon et al. 1998), and gastropods (Rosenberg et al. this volume). Taxa in the host- parasite list are arranged phylogenetically above the familial level; families in orders, genera in families, and species in genera are arranged alphabetically. Particular caution should be exercised with respect to records of ces-todes from species of the stingray genus Dasyatis. Field identifications are often suspect, and the use of common names leads to much confusion. For example, Linton (1908) reported Rhinebothrium flexile from the “southern stingray (Dasyatis say)”. However, Nelson et al. (2004) list “southern stingray” as the common name of D. ameri-cana, and “bluntnose stingray” as the common name for D. say. Moreover, while Chandler (1954) lists D. sabina as host for a number of species, a review of the original lit-erature lists D. say as host for a diversity of species (e.g., Acanthobothrium brevissime, Pterobothrium heteracan-thum as Synbothrium filicolle, Trimacracantha biuncus as Rhynchobothrium binuncum in Linton (1909a)).

The lists and the information presented in this chapter

Jensen ~ 493

beardless codling Gadella imberbis (Vaillant) (Moridae) in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, with a review of species of Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 reported from gadiform fishes. Systematic Parasitology 54: 33–42.

12. Boertje, S. B. 1976. Incidence and significance of plerocercoid infections of Cynoscion nebulosus in relationship to Felis domestica L. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences 39: 23–27.

13. Borucinska, J., and J. N. Caira. 1993. A comparison of mode of attachment and histopathogenicity in four tapeworm species representing two orders infecting the spiral intestine of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. Journal of Parasitology 79: 238–246.

14. Burton, R. W. 1963. Report on a cestode microparasite of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in Florida. Shellfish Mortality Conference. Oxford, Maryland, Jan. 29–30: 6 pp.

15. Bush, A. O., R. W. Heard, and R. M. Overstreet. 1993. Intermediate hosts as source communities. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1358–1363.

16. Caira, J. N. 1992. Verification of multiple species of Pedibothrium in the Atlantic nurse shark with comments on the Australasian members of the genus. Journal of Parasitology 78: 289–308.

17. Caira, J. N., and M. M. Gavarrino. 1990. Grillotia similis (Linton, 1908) comb. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from nurse sharks in the Florida Keys. Journal of the Helminth-ological Society of Washington 57: 15–20.

18. Caira, J. N., and C. J. Healy. 2004. Elasmobranchs as hosts of metazoan parasites. Pp. 523–551 in J. C. Carrier, J. A. Musick, and M. R. Heithaus, eds. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.

19. Caira, J. N., C. J. Healy, and J. Swanson. 1996. A new species of Phoreiobothrium (Cestoidea: Tetraphyllidea) from the great hammerhead shark Sphyrna mokarran and its implications for the evolution of the onchobothriid scolex. Journal of Parasitolgy 82: 458–462.

20. Caira, J. N., K. Jensen, and C. J. Healy. 1999. On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Systematic Parasitology 42: 77–151.

21. Caira, J. N., K. Jensen, and C. J. Healy. 2001. Interrelation-ships among tetraphyllidean and lecanicephalidean cestodes. Pp. 135–158 in D. T. J. Littlewood and R. A. Bray, eds. Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor & Francis, London.

22. Caira, J. N., J. Mega, and T. R. Ruhnke. 2005. An unusual blood sequestering tapeworm (Sanguilevator yearsleyi n.

version of this list. Work on the cestodes of the Gulf of Mexico was funded by a Kansas NSF EPCoR First Award (2005–2006).

References

1. Aldrich, D. V. 1965. Observations on the ecology and life cycle of Prochristianella penaei Kruse (Cestoda: Trypano-rhyncha). Journal of Parasitology 51: 370–376.

2. Anderson, H. G. 1970. Annotated list of parasites of the bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Technical Paper 54: 3–15.

3. Armstrong, H. W. 1974. A study of the helminth parasites of the family Macrouridae from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea: their systematics, ecology and zoogeo-graphical implications [PhD dissertation]. Texas A&M University, College Station.

4. Baer, J. G., and L. Euzet. 1962. Revision critique des cestodes tétraphyllides décrits par T. Southwell (1re partie). Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles 85: 143–172.

5. Ball, D., L. Neifar, and L. Euzet. 2003. Proposition de Scalithrium n. gen. (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea) avec comme espèce- type Scalithrium minimum (Van Beneden, 1850) n. comb. parasite de Dasyatis pastinaca (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatidae). Parasite 10: 31–37.

6. Bates, R. 1990. A checklist of the Trypanorhyncha (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) of the world (1935–1985). National Museum of Wales, Zoological Series 1: 1–218.

7. Beck, C., and D. J. Forrester. 1988. Helminths of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, with a discussion and summary of the parasites of sirenians. Journal of Parasitology 74: 628–637.

8. Beveridge, I. 2001. The use of life- cycle characters in studies of the evolution of cestodes. Pp. 251–256 in D. T. J. Littlewood and R. A. Bray, eds. Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Academic Press, London.

9. Beveridge, I., and R. A. Campbell. 1988. A review of the Tetrarhynchobothriidae Dollfus, 1969 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) with descriptions of two new genera, Didymorhynchus and Zygorhynchus. Systematic Parasitol-ogy 12: 3–29.

10. Beveridge, I., and R. A. Campbell. 1993. A revision of Dasyrhynchus Pintner (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha), parasitic in elasmobranch and teleost fishes. Systematic Parasitology 24: 129–157.

11. Blend, C. K., and N. O. Dronen. 2003. Bothriocephalus gadellus n. sp. (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae) from the


A. Jones, and R. A. Bray, eds. Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates. CAB International, Wallingford, England.

33. Campbell, R. A., and I. Beveridge. 1996. Revision of the family Pterobothriidae Pintner, 1931 (Cestoda: Trypano-rhyncha). Invertebrate Taxonomy 10: 617–662.

34. Campbell, R. A., and J. Carvajal. 1975. A revision of some trypanorhynchs from the western North Atlantic described by Edwin Linton. Journal of Parasitology 61: 1016–1022.

35. Campbell, R. A., R. L. Haedrich, and T. A. Munroe. 1980. Parasitism and ecological relationships among deep- sea benthic fishes. Marine Biology 57: 301–313.

36. Campbell, R. A., and A. D. Williams. 1984. Tylocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) with a discussion of its validity and systematic relationships. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washing-ton 51: 121–134.

37. Carvajal, J., and R. A. Campbell. 1975. Rhinoptericola megacantha gen. et sp. n., representing a new family of trypanorhynch cestodes from the cownose ray, Rhi-noptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815). Journal of Parasitology 61: 1023–1030.

38. Chandler, A. C. 1935a. Parasites of fishes in Galveston Bay. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 83: 123–157.

39. Chandler, A. C. 1935b. A new tetrarhynchid larva from Galveston Bay. Journal of Parasitology 21: 214–215.

40. Chandler, A. C. 1942. Some cestodes from Florida sharks. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 92: 25–31.

41. Chandler, A. C. 1954. Cestoda. Pp. 351–353 in P. S. Galt-soff, ed. Gulf of Mexico, Its Origin, Waters, and Marine Life, Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin 89, Volume 55, Washington, D.C.

42. Chávez- Sánchez, M. C., M. Hernández- Martínez, S. Abad- Rosales, E. Fajer- Ávila, L. Montoya- Rodríguez, and P. Álvarez- Torres. 2002. A survey of infectious diseases and parasites of penaeid shrimp from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the World Aquatic Aquaculture Society 33: 316–329.

43. Chervy, L. 2002. The terminology of larval cestodes or metacestodes. Systematic Parasitology 52: 1–33.

44. Cheung, P. L., R. F. Nigrelli, and G. D. Ruggieri. 1982. Phoreiobothrium tiburonis, new species, (Cestoda: Onchobothriidae) from the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo (L.). Journal of Aquaculture 2: 81–85.

45. Collins, M. R., M. J. Marshall, and C. A. Lanciani. 1984.

gen., n. sp.) from Borneo with description of Cathetoceph-alus resendezi n. sp. from Mexico and molecular support for the recognition of the order Cathetocephalidea (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda). International Journal for Parasitology 35: 1135–1152.

23. Caira, J. N., and M. H. Pritchard. 1986. A review of the genus Pedibothrium Linton, 1909 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) with description of two new species and comments on the related genera Pachybothrium Baer and Euzet, 1962 and Balanobothrium Hornell, 1912. Journal of Parasitology 72: 62–70.

24. Caira, J. N., and F. B. Reyda. 2005. Eucestoda (true tapeworms). Pp. 92–104 in K. Rohde, ed. Marine Parasitology. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia.

25. Caira, J. N., C. Richmond, and J. Swanson. 2005. A revision of Phoreiobothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Onchoboth-riidae) with descriptions of five new species. Journal of Parasitology 91: 1153–1174.

26. Cairns, S. D., D. R. Calder, A. Brinckmann- Voss, C. B. Castro, D. G. Fautin, P. R. Pugh, C. E. Mills, W. C. Jaap, M. N. Arai, S. H. D. Haddock, and D. M. Opresko. 2002. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 28, Bethesda, Maryland.

27. Cake, E. W. Jr. 1972. Larval cestode infections in several edible molluscs from the vicinity of St. Teresa, Florida. Proceedings of the National Shellfish Association 63: 1. (Abstract.)

28. Cake, E. W. Jr. 1976. A key to larval cestodes of shallow- water, benthic mollusks of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 43: 160–171.

29. Cake, E. W. Jr. 1977a. Larval cestode parasites of edible mollusks of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Research Reports 6: 1–8.

30. Cake, E. W. Jr. 1977b. Experimental infection studies with bothridio- plerocercoids of Rhinebothrium sp. (Cestoda; Tetraphyllidea) and two intermediate molluscan hosts. Northeast Gulf Science 1: 55–59.

31. Cake, E. W. Jr., and R. W. Menzel. 1980. Infections of Tylocephalum metacestodes in commercial oysters and three predaceous gastropods of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the National Shellfisheries Association 70: 94–104.

32. Campbell, R. A., and I. Beveridge. 1994. Order Trypano-rhyncha Diesing, 1863. Pp. 51–148 in L. F. Khalil,

Jensen ~ 495

lis, and the American white pelican, Pelecanus erythro-rhynchus, from Galveston Bay, Texas, and checklist of pelican parasites. Comparative Parasitology 70: 140–154.

57. Eschmeyer, W. N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Volume 1. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

58. Euzet, L. 1959. Recherches sur les cestodes tétraphyllides des sélaciens des cotes de France. Docteur és Sciences Naturelles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier.

59. Euzet, L. 1994. Order Tetraphyllidea Carus, 1863. Pp. 149–194 in L. F. Khalil, A. Jones, and R. A. Bray, eds. Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates. CAB Interna-tional, Wallingford, England.

60. Fajer, E., R. Valdés, and M. Barrera. 1979. Algunos parásitos encontrdos en la cherna americana (Epinephelus morio Valenciennes, 1824) en el Banco de Campeche. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Pesqueras 4: 43–61.

61. Fedynich, A. M., D. B. Pence, and J. F. Bergan. 1997. Helminth community structure and pattern in sympatric populations of double- crested and neotropic cormorants. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 64: 176–182.

62. Forrester, D. J. 1992. Parasites and Diseases of Wild Mammals in Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

63. Forrester, D. J., D. K. Odell, N. P. Thompson, and J. R. White. 1980. Morphometrics, parasites, and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues of Pygmy killer whales from Florida. Journal of Mammology 61: 356–360.

64. Forrester, D. J., and W. D. Robertson. 1975. Helminths of rough- toothed dolphins, Steno bredanensis Lesson 1828, from Florida waters. Journal of Parasitology 61: 922.

65. Friedl, F. E., and J. L. Simon. 1970. A tetraphyllidean tapeworm larva from the marine snail Fasciolaria tulipa in Florida. Journal of Parasitology 56: 400–401.

66. Goldstein, R. J. 1962. The adult of Poecilancistrium robustum (Chandler, 1935) Dollfus, 1942. Journal of Parasitology 48: 46–47.

67. Goldstein, R. J. 1963. A note on the genus Poecilancis-trium Dollfus, 1929 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha). Journal of Parasitology 49: 301–304.

68. Goldstein, R. J. 1964. Species of Acanthobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 50: 656–661.

69. Goldstein, R. J. 1967. The genus Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea). Journal of Parasitology 53: 455–483.

70. Goldstein, R. J. 1969. A tabular synopsis of published data on Acanthobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda:

The distribution of Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Trypanorhyncha) plerocercoids in spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede, and spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier). Journal of Fish Biology 25: 63–68.

46. Compagno, L. J. V. 1984. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis (125) 4, Pt. 2: 251–655.

47. Conti, J. A., D. J. Forrester, and R. T. Paul. 1986. Parasites and diseases of reddish egrets (Egretta rufescens) from Texas and Florida. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 105: 79–82.

48. Conti, J. A., and R. K. Frohlich. 1984. Gastrointestinal parasitism in pygmy killer whales. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 51: 364–365.

49. Corkern, C. C., II. 1977. Protozoan and metazoan symbionts of natural and maricultured populations of commercial shrimp from the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Mexico [PhD dissertation]. Texas A&M Univer-sity, College Station.

50. Corkern, C. C., II. 1978. A larval cyclophyllidean (Cestoda) parasite of brown and white shrimp. Texas A&M University System, Texas Agricultural Extension Service Fish Disease Diagnostic Laboratory FDDL: 5–10.

51. Dailey, M. D., and R. M. Overstreet. 1973. Cathetocepha-lus thatcheri gen. et sp. n. (Tetraphyllidea: Cathetocephali-dae fam. n.) from the bull shark: a species demonstrating multistrobilization. Journal of Parasitology 59: 469–473.

52. Deleón Rodriguez, I., A. J. Pérez Zapata, and H. Mendoza Vallejo. 1987. Diagnóstico microscópico de los parásitos del ostión Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1790) de la laguna Mecoacán, Tabasco. Investigaciones Marinas Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias 3: 97–104.

53. Dollfus, R. P. 1942. Études critiques sur les Tétrarhynches du Museum de Paris. Archives du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 19: 1–466.

54. Dollfus, R. P. 1969. Quelques espèces de cestodes Tétrarhynques de la côte Atlantique des Étas Unis, dont l’une n’était pas connue à l’état adulte. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26: 1037–1061.

55. Dronen, N. O., and C. K. Blend. 2005. Clestobothrium gibsoni n. sp. (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae) from the bullseye grenadier Bathygadus macrops Goode & Bean (Macrouridae) in the Gulf of Mexico. Systematic Parasitology 60: 59–63.

56. Dronen, N. O., C. K. Blend, and C. K. Anderson. 2003. Endohelminths of the brown pelican, Pelecanus occidenta-


dae) of sports and commercial importance to Florida. (Preliminary Report). State of Florida Board of Conserva-tion. Technical Series 26: 1–38.

84. Ivanov, V. A., and R. A. Campbell. 2000. Emendation of the generic diagnosis of Tylocephalum (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea: Tetragonocephalidae), and description of Tylocephalum brooksi n. sp. Journal of Parasitology 86: 1085–1092.

85. Khalil, L. F., A. Jones, and R. A. Bray. 1994. Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.

86. Kruse, D. N. 1959. Parasites of the commercial shrimps, Penaeus aztecus Ives, P. duorarum Burkenroad and P. setiferus (Linnaeus). Tulane Studies in Zoology 7: 123–144.

87. Linton, E. 1891. Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Part II. Report of the United States Commissioner of Fisheries (1887), Washington, D.C. 15: 718–899.

88. Linton, E. 1897. Notes on cestode parasites of fishes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 20: 423–456.

89. Linton, E. 1901. Parasites of fishes of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission (1899) 19: 405–492.

90. Linton, E. 1907. Preliminary report on animal parasites collected at Tortugas, Florida, June 30 to July 18, 1906. Year Book Carnegie Institution of Washington (1906) 5: 112–117.

91. Linton, E. 1908. Preliminary report on animal parasites. Year Book Carnegie Institution of Washington (1907) 6: 114–117.

92. Linton, E. 1909a. IX. Helminth fauna of the Dry Tortugas. I. Cestodes. Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication 102 1: 157–190.

93. Linton, E. 1909b. Preliminary report on helminths. Year Book Carnegie Institution of Washington (1908) 7: 124–127.

94. Linton, E. 1916. Notes on two cestodes from the spotted stingray. Journal of Parasitology 3: 34–37.

95. Linton, E. 1924. Notes on cestode parasites of sharks and skates. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 64: 1–114.

96. Mattis, T. E. 1986. Development of two tetrarhynchidean cestodes from the northern Gulf of Mexico [PhD dissertation]. University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.

97. Mayes, M. A., and D. R. Brooks. 1981. Cestode parasites

Tetraphyllidea). Bulletin of the Georgia Academy of Science 27: 53–69.

71. Goldstein, R. J., R. N. Henson, and F. G. Schlicht. 1968. Acanthobothrium lintoni sp. n. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the electric ray, Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers) in the Gulf of Mexico. Zoologischer Anzeiger 181: 435–438.

72. Hamilton, K. A., and J. E. Byram. 1974. Tapeworm development: the effects of urea on a larval tetraphyllid-ean. Journal of Parasitology 60: 20–28.

73. Harry, H. W. 1969. Anatomical notes on the mactrid bivalve, Raeta plicatella Lamarck, 1818, with a review of the genus Raeta and related genera. Veliger 12: 1–23.

74. Haukos, D. A., and J. Neaville. 2003. Spatial and temporal changes in prevalence of a cloacal cestode in wintering waterfowl along the Gulf coast of Texas. Journal of Wildlife Disease 39: 152–160.

75. Healy, C. J. 2003. A revision of Platybothrium Linton, 1890 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae), with a phyloge-nentic analysis and comments on host- parasite associa-tions. Systematic Parasitology 56: 85–139.

76. Healy, C. J. 2006. A revision of selected Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda): Caulobothrium, Rhabdotobothrium, Rhinebo-thrium, Scalithrium, and Spongiobothrium [PhD dissertation]. University of Connecticut, Storrs.

77. Henson, R. N. 1975. Cestodes of elasmobranch fishes of Texas. Texas Journal of Science 26: 401–406.

78. Hildreth, M. B., and R. D. Lumsden. 1985. Description of Otobothrium insigne plerocercus (Cestoda: Trypanorhyn-cha) and its incidence in catfish from the Gulf of Louisiana. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 52: 44–50.

79. Hoberg, E. P. 1990. Trigonocotyle sexitesticulae sp. nov. (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae): a parasite of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata). Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 1835–1838.

80. Hoberg, E. P. 1996. Faunal diversity among avian parasite assemblages: the interaction of history, ecology, and biogeography in marine systems. Bulletin of the Scandi-navian Society of Parasitology 6: 65–89.

81. Hutton, R. F. 1964. A second list of parasites from marine and coastal animals of Florida. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 83: 439–447.

82. Hutton, R. F., and F. Sogandares- Bernal. 1960. A list of parasites from marine and coastal animals of Florida. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 79: 287–292.

83. Hutton, R. F., F. Sogandares- Bernal, B. Eldred, R. M. Ingle, and K. D. Woodburn. 1959. Investigations on the parasites and diseases of saltwater shrimps (Penaei-

Jensen ~ 497

aux. 2001. Interrelationships and evolution of the tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19: 443–467.

108. Olson, P. D., T. R. Ruhnke, J. Sanney, and T. Hudson. 1999. Evidence for host- specific clades of tetraphyllidean tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) revealed by analysis of 18S ssrDNA. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 1465–1476.

109. Overstreet, R. M. 1968. Parasites of the inshore lizardfish, Synodus foetens, from South Florida, including a description of a new genus of Cestoda. Bulletin of Marine Science 18: 444–470.

110. Overstreet, R. M. 1977. Poecilancistrum caryophyllum and other trypanorhynch cestode plerocercoids from the musculature of Cynoscion nebulosus and other sciaenid fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 63: 780–789.

111. Overstreet, R. M. 1978a. Trypanorhynch infections in the flesh of sciaenid fishes. Marine Fisheries Review. Paper 1344 40: 37–38.

112. Overstreet, R. M. 1978b. Marine Maladies? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi- Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, MASGP- 78- 021.

113. Overstreet, R. M. 1983. Aspects of the biology of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Mississippi. Gulf Research Reports Supplement 1: 1–43.

114. Palacios, N. M., and L. F. Barroeta. 1967. Cestodos de vertebrados XI. Rivista Iberica Parasitologia 27: 43–62.

115. Palm, H. W. 1995. Untersuchungen zur Systematik von Rüsselbandwürmern (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) aus atlantischen Fischen. Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian- Albrechts- Universität Kiel 275: 1–238.

116. Palm, H. W. 1999. Nybelinia Poche, 1926, Heteronybelinia gen. nov. and Mixonybelinia gen. nov. (Cestoda, Trypano-rhyncha) in the collections of The Natural History Museum, London. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Zoology Series 65: 133–153.

117. Palm, H. W. 2004. The Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863. PKSPL- IPB Press, Bogor, Indonesia.

118. Palm, H. W., U. Mundt, and R. Overstreet. 2000. Sensory receptors and surface ultrastructure of trypanorhynch cestodes. Parasitology Research 86: 821–833.

119. Palm, H. W., and R. M. Overstreet. 2000. New records of trypanorhynch cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico, including Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) and Heteronybelinia palliata (Linton, 1924) comb. n. Folia Parasitologica 47: 293–302.

of some Venezuelan stingrays. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93: 1230–1238.

98. McEachran, J. D., and J. D. Fechhelm. 1998. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Volume 1. Myxiniformes to Gasterostei-formes. University of Texas Press, Austin.

99. McLaughlin, P. A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bous-field, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L. G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R. Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E. Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross, M. Schotte, F. R. Schram, C.- T. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society. Special Publication 31, Bethesda, Maryland.

100. Moravec, F., V. M. Vidal- Martínez, J. Vargas- Vázquez, C. Vivas- Rodríguez, D. González- Solís, E. Mendoza- Franco, R. Simá- Alvarez, and J. Güemez- Ricalde. 1997. Helminth parasites of Epineph-elus morio (Pisces: Serranidae) of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico. Folia Parasitologica 44: 255–266.

101. Moura, R. L., and K. C. Lindeman. 2007. A new species of snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Brazil, with comments on the distribution of Lutjanus griseus and L. apodus. Zootaxa 1422: 31–42.

102. Nelson, J. S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.

103. Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa- Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea, and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland.

104. Nikolaeva, V. M. 1968. [To the study of helminthofauna of Thunnus albacores and Histiopharidae in the Gulf of Mexico.] Mater. Sovetsko- Kubinskaja Morskaja Eksped-dieja 2: 150–157. (In Russian.)

105. Nikolaeva, V. M., and A. M. Paruhin. 1968. [To the study of fish helminths in the Gulf of Mexico.] Mater. Sovetsko- Kubinskaja Morskaja Ekspeddieja 2: 126–149. (In Russian.)

106. Olson, P. D., and J. N. Caira. 1999. Evolution of the major lineages of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoidea) inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA and elongation factor- 1α. Journal of Parasitology 85: 1134–1159.

107. Olson, P. D., D. T. J. Littlewood, R. A. Bray, and J. Mari-


description of a new species from the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata. Systematic Parasitology 33: 1–12.

132. Ruhnke, T. R., and V. A. Thompson. 2006. Two new species of Paraorygmatobothrium (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) from the lemon sharks Negaprion brevi-rostris and Negaprion acutidens (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae). Comparative Parasitology 73: 35–41.

133. Sánchez- Ramírez, C., and V. M. Vidal- Martínez. 2002. Metazoan parasite infracommunities of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) from the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 88: 1087–1094.

134. Schlicht, F. G., and W. N. McFarland. 1967. Incidence of trypanorhynchan plerocercoids in some Texas coast sciaenid fishes. Contributions in Marine Science 12: 101–112.

135. Schmidt, G. D. 1969. Dioecotaenia cancellata (Linton, 1890) gen. et comb. n., a dioecious cestode (Teraphyl-lidea) from the cow- nosed ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchell), in Chesapeake Bay, with the proposal of a new family, Dioecotaeniiae. Journal of Parasitology 55: 271–275.

136. Scholz, T. 2001. Identity of Cysticercoides menidiae Chandler, 1935 (Cestoda: Dilepididae). Journal of Parasitology 87: 927–928.

137. Shuler, R. H. 1938. Some cestodes of fish from Tortugas, Florida. Journal of Parasitology 24: 57–63.

138. Sparks, A. K., and C. T. Fontain. 1973. Host response in the white shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, to infection by the larval trypanorhynchid cestode, Prochristianella penaei. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 22: 213–219.

139. Thatcher, V. E. 1961. Studies on the Cestoda of elasmo-branch fishes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Part I. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences 23: 65–74.

140. Thiel, M. E. 1976. Wirbellose Meerestiere als Parasiten, Kommensalen oder Symbionten in oder an Scypho- medusen. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresunter- suchungen 28: 417–446.

141. Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, P. Mikkelsen, R. J. Neves, C. F. E. Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J. D. Williams. 1998. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 26, Bethesda, Maryland.

142. Tyler, G. A. 2006. A monograph on the Diphyllidea (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 20: 1–142.

120. Pequegnat, W. E., and L. H. Pequegnat. 1970. Station list for benthic and midwater samples taken by R / V Ala-minos 1964 to 1969. Pp. 1–16 in W. E. Pequegnat and F. A. Chace Jr., eds. Contributions on the Biology of the Gulf of Mexico. Texas A&M University Oceanographic Studies 1. Gulf Publishing, Houston.

121. Pérez Vigueras, I. 1935. Notas sobre la fauna parasitolog-ica de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural 9: 45–49, 59–66.

122. Pérez Vigueras, I. 1936. Notas sobre la fauna parasitolog-ica de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural 10: 53–86.

123. Phillips, P. J., and N. L. Levin. 1973. Cestode larvae from Scyphomedusae of the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 23: 574–584.

124. Potter, C. C. 1937. A new cestode from a shark (Hypo-prion brevirostis Poey). Proceedings of the Helmintholog-ical Society of Washington 4: 70–72.

125. Quick, J. A. Jr. 1971. Pathological and parasitological effects of elevated temperatures on the oyster Crassostrea viginica with emphasis on the pathogen Labyrinthomyxa marina. Pp. 105–171 in J. A. Quick Jr., ed. A Preliminary Investigation: The Effects of Elevated Temperature on the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin); A Symposium. Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory, Professional Papers Series No. 15.

126. Ragan, J. G., and D. V. Aldrich. 1972. Infection of brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus Ives by Prochristianella penaei Kruse (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in southeastern Louisiana bays. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 2: 226–238.

127. Rees, G. 1969. Cestodes from Bermuda fishes and an account of Acompsocephalum tortum (Linton, 1905) gen. nov. from the lizard fish Synodus intermedius (Agassiz). Parasitology 59: 519–548.

128. Regan, J. D. 1963. A cestode plerocercoid from the crowned conch. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 26: 184–187.

129. Ruhnke, T. R. 1994a. Paraorygmatobothrium barberi n. g., n. sp. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with amended descrip-tions of two species transferred to the genus. Systematic Parasitology 28: 65–79.

130. Ruhnke, T. R. 1994b. Resurrection of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on five proposed members. Systematic Parasitology 29: 159–176.

131. Ruhnke, T. R. 1996. Taxonomic resolution of Phylloboth-rium van Beneden (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and a

Jensen ~ 499

147. Wardle, W. J. 1974. A survey of the occurrence, distribu-tion and incidence of infection of helminth parasites of marine and estuarine Mollusca from Galveston, Texas [PhD dissertation]. Texas A&M University, College Station.

148. Williams, A. D., and R. A. Campbell. 1977. A new tetraphyllidean cestode, Glyphobothrium zwerneri gen. et sp. n., from the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815). Journal of Parasitolgy 63: 775–779.

149. Williams, A. D., and R. A. Campbell. 1978. Dupliciboth-rium minutum gen. et sp. n. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815). Journal of Parasitology 64: 835–837.

150. Williams, A. D., and R. A. Campbell. 1980. Echinoboth-rium bonasum sp. n., a new cestode from the cownose ray in the western north Atlantic. Journal of Parasitology 66: 1036–1038.

151. Zam, S. G., D. K. Caldwell, and M. C. Cadlwell. 1971. Some endoparasites from small odontocete cetaceans collected in Florida and Georgia. Cetology 2: 1–11.

143. Vidal- Martínez, V. M., M. L. Aguirre- Macedo, R. Del Rio- Rodríguez, G. Gold- Bouchot, J. Rendón- von Osten, and G. A. Miranda- Rosas. 2006. The pink shrimp Farfantepe-naeus duorarum, its symbionts and helminths as bioindicators of chemical pollution in Campeche Sound, Mexico. Journal of Helminthology 80: 159–174.

144. Vidal- Martínez, V. M., A. M. Jiménez- Cueto, and R. Simá- Álvarez. 2002. Parasites and symbionts of native and cultured shrimps from Yucatán, Mexico. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14: 57–64.

145. Waeschenbach, A., B. L. Webster, R. A. Bray, and D. T. J. Littlewood. 2007. Added resolution among ordinal level relationships of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) with complete small and large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 311–325.

146. Ward, J. W. 1962. Helminth parasites of some marine animals, with special reference to those from the yellow- fin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre). Journal of Parasitology 48: 155.

Submitted: September 2007Accepted: October 2007


Number of cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico and their hosts.

Potential host group

Number of potential host species (as listed in other chapters)

Number of species reported as hosts

Number of cestode species reported in 2007

Number of cestode species reported by Chandler (1954)

Chondrichthyes 1 128 27 65 37Actinopterygii 2 1409 128 41 13Marine mammals 3 31 4 4 0Bivalvia 4 528 45 9 N / A5

Gastropoda 1742 18 6 N / A5

Octopoda 4 22 1 16 N / A5

Decapod crustaceans4 1008 19 6 N / A5

Scyphozoa 4 19 2 16 N / A5

Total 4887 244 93 7 47 7

1 As definitive host; the exception is a single record of Narcine bancroftii hosting a trypanorhynch larva (Pterobothrium heteracanthum; see Palm 2004).2 As definitive, intermediate, or paratenic host.3 As definitive or intermediate host.4 As intermediate host.5 Chandler (1954) did not include larval cestodes from invertebrates in this list.6 Identified to order only.7 The total number of species is not cumulative because, in some cases, the same species was reported from a chondrichthyan as an adult and from an actinop-terygian as a larva.

Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals from the Gulf of Mexico.

Taxon

Host

Site in host

GMx range

References / Endnotes

Phylum: PlatyhelminthesClass: CestodaOrder: Cathetocephalidea

Cathetocephalus thatcheri Dailey & Overstreet, 1973

Carcharhinus leucas spi nnw 51, 112

Disculiceps pileatum (Linton, 1891) Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Carcharhinus limbatus

spi ese, nne 41, 92, 139

Pillersium owenium Southwell, 1927 Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus leucas spi nne, nnw 51 1, 77 2, 139 3

Order: DiphyllideaEchinobothrium sp. Rhinoptera bonasus spi nne 142 4

Order: LecanicephalideaPolypocephalus sp. Dasyatis americana spi ene, ese 20Tylocephalum marsupium Linton, 1916 Aetobatus narinari spi ese 36, 41 5, 93 6, 94

Order: ProteocephalideaProteocephalus australis Chandler, 1935 Lepisosteus osseus int nnw 38, 41Proteocephalus elongatus Chandler, 1935 Lepisosteus osseus int nnw 38, 41

Order: PseudophyllideaAnantrum tortum Overstreet, 1968 Synodus foetens int ene 107 7, 109, 112Bothriocephalus gadellus Blend & Dronen,

2003Gadella imberbis int sw 11

Bothriocephalus manubrius (Linton, 1889) Istiophorus albicans ne 82Bothriocephalus sp. Strongylura ramphidoma sse, sw 105

Jensen ~ 501

Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals. (continued)

(continued)

Taxon

Host

Site in host

GMx range


Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819) Chlorophthalmus truculentus, Merluccius bilinearis, Merluccius sp.

ese 41, 137

Clestobothrium gibsoni Dronen & Blend, 2005

Bathygadus macrops int ne 55

Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Cobbot, 1859

Tursiops truncatus ne 146

Ptychobothrium belones (Dujardin, 1845) Strongylura notata, Tylosurus raphidoma int ese 41, 127 8, 137Order: Tetrabothriidea

Tetrabothrius forsteri (Krefft, 1871) Feresa attenuata, Steno bredanensis int ne 62, 63, 64Trigonocotyle sexitesticulae Hoberg, 1990 Feresa attenuata int nw 48 9, 62, 79

Order: TetraphyllideaAcanthobothrium brevissime Linton, 1909 Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say spi ese, ne,

nw41 10, 68, 69, 70,

77, 92, 112Acanthobothrium floridensis Goldstein, 1964 Raja eglanteria spi ne 68, 69Acanthobothrium fogeli Goldstein, 1964 Gymnura micrura spi ne 68, 69Acanthobothrium lintoni Goldstein, Henson,

& Schlicht, 1968Narcine brasiliensis spi nw, ne 71, 77

Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890 Dasyatis americana spi ne, nw 112Acanthobothrium tortum (Linton, 1916) Aetobatus narinari spi ese 41 11, 69, 93 12,

94 13

Acanthobothrium sp. Dasyatis sabina spi nw 41 14

Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton, 1890 Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Negaprion brevirostris

spi ese 41 15, 92, 127, 137

Anthobothrium sp. Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus, Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna tiburo

spi nw 77 16

Anthocephalum alicae Ruhnke, 1994 Dasyatis americana spi ene, ese 108 17, 130Anthocephalum centrurum (Southwell,

1925)Dasyatis say spi ese 41 18, 92 19

Anthocephalum cairae Ruhnke, 1994 Dasyatis americana spi ene, ese 130Crossobothrium angustum (Linton, 1889) Carcharhinus lamia [sic], Carcharhinus

commersonii [sic]spi ese 41 20, 92 21, 95 22,

127Dioecotaenia cancellata (Linton, 1890) Rhinoptera bonasus spi nw 77 23

Duplicibothrium minutum Williams & Campbell, 1978

Rhinoptera bonasus spi nne 108 24

Echeneibothrium sp. Dasyatis sabina spi nw 77Paraorygmatobothrium roberti Ruhnke &

Thompson, 2006Negaprion brevirostris spi ese 132

Pedibothrium brevispine Linton, 1909 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 13, 16, 23, 41, 92, 137

Pedibothrium globicephalum Linton, 1909 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 13, 16, 23, 41, 92Pedibothrium longispine Linton, 1909 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 16, 23, 41, 92, 137Pedibothrium manteri Caira, 1992 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 16, 23 25 Phoreiobothrium anticaporum Caira,

Richmond, & Swanson, 2005Negaprion brevirostris spi ese 25, 137 26

Phoreiobothrium manirei Caira, Healy, & Swanson, 1996

Sphyrna mokarran spi ene, ese 19

Phoreiobothrium tiburonis Cheung, Nigrelli, & Ruggieri, 1982

Sphyrna tiburo spi ese 25, 44

Phoreiobothrium sp. Alopias vulpinus, Carcharhinus lamia [sic], Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Negaprion brevirostris, Sphyrna mokarran

spi ese, ne, nw

20 27, 41 28, 77 29, 92 30, 107 31, 108 32



Taxon

Host

Site in host

GMx range


Platybothrium coshtaprum Healy, 2003 Carcharhinus plumbeus spi ne 75Platybothrium hypoprioni Potter, 1937 Negaprion brevirostris spi ene, ese 41, 75, 124, 127Platybothrium sp. Rhizoprionodon terraenovae spi ese 137 33

Rhabdotobothrium anterophallum Campbell, 1975

Mobula hypostoma spi nne 107 34

Rhinebothrium corymbum Campbell, 1975 Dasyatis americana spi 21, 112Rhinebothrium flexile Linton, 1890 Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say spi nw 41 35, 77 36, 92Rhinebothrium maccallumi Linton, 1924 Dasyatis americana spi nne 106 37, 107 38, 112Rhinebothrium spinicephalum Campbell,

1970Dasyatis americana spi 21

Rhinebothrium sp. Dasyatis americana, Dasyatis say spi ese, nne, nw

29, 92, 96, 108 39

Scalithrium minimum (Van Beneden, 1850) Dasyatis sabina spi nw 41 40

Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, 1889 Dasyatis say spi ese 41 41, 92Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum (Linton,

1889)Galeocerdo cuvier spi ese, ne 40 42, 41 43, 92 44

Tetraphyllidea (hooked) Carcharhinus leucas, Dasyatis sabina spi nw 77 45

Tetraphyllidea (nonhooked) Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say, Negaprion brevirostris, Isurus oxyrhynchus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae

spi ese, nw 41 46, 77 47, 92 48, 112 49, 137 50

Order: TrypanorhynchaSuperfamily: TentacularioideaFamily: Tentaculariidae

Heteronybelinia estigmena (Dollfus, 1960) Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus sto ene, nne 115 51, 117, 118 52, 119

Heteronybelinia overstreeti Palm, 2004 Carcharhinus limbatus ene 117Heteronybelinia palliata (Linton, 1924) Sphyrna zygaena entire 40 53, 119Nybelinia cf. bisulcata (Linton, 1889) Carcharhinus limbatus spi ne 117, 119Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817) Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus spi ene, nw 77, 117, 119

Superfamily: LacistorhynchoideaFamily: Pterobothriidae

Pterobothrium heteracanthum Diesing, 1850 Dasyatis say spi ese 33, 41, 92 54, 117Pterobothrium lintoni (MacCallum, 1916) Dasyatis americana, Dasyatis sabina spi [entire],

nne33, 110, 117

Family: LacistorhynchidaeCallitetrarhynchus gracilis Pintner, 1931 Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus,

Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Sphyrna lewini

spi ne, nw 115, 117, 119

Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897) Negaprion brevirostris spi ese 41 55, 117, 137 56

Dasyrhynchus giganteus (Diesing, 1850) Carcharhinus leucas, Negaprion brevirostris spi ese, ene, nw

10, 41 57, 54, 77 58, 117, 137 59

Grillotia sp. Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene 82, 117Grillotiella exile (Linton, 1909) Galeocerdo cuvier spi ese 41, 92 60, 117Paragrillotia similis (Linton, 1909) Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 13, 17 61, 22 62,

41 63, 54 64, 92 65, 117, 119 66, 137 67

Pseudogillotia perelica (Shuler, 1938) Carcharhinus limbatus, Negaprion brevirostris

spi ese, ne, nw

1 68, 117, 119 69, 127, 137 70

Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti Palm, 1995 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ese 92 71, 115, 117

Jensen ~ 503


(continued)

Taxon

Host

Site in host

GMx range


Superfamily: OtobothrioideaFamily: Otobothriidae

Diplootobothrium springeri Chandler, 1942 Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna tudes ne 40, 41, 110, 117Otobothrium cysticum (Mayer, 1842) Galeocerdo cuvier, Rhizoprionodon

terraenovae, Carcharhinus platyodon [sic]spi ese, nne 41 72, 92 73, 115,

117Otobothrium insigne Linton, 1905 Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus,

Carcharias platyodon [sic]spi ne, nw 40 74, 115, 117,

119Otobothrium penetrans Linton, 1907 Carcharhinus commersonii [sic],

Carcharhinus lamia [sic], Carcharhinus limbatus, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae

sto, spi ese 41, 53, 78, 92, 95, 117, 137

Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850)

Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus, Negaprion brevirostris

sto, spi ne, nw 66, 67, 96, 115, 117, 139 75

Superfamily: EutetrarhynchoideaFamily: Eutetrarhynchidae

Dollfusiella lineatus (Linton, 1909) Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 82 76, 92 77, 117, 119 78, 137 79

Dollfusiella tenuispinis (Linton, 1890) Dasyatis sabina, Ginglymostoma cirratum spi entire 13, 41 80, 77, 92 81, 117, 119 82

Parachristianella monomegacantha Kruse, 1959

Dasyatis sabina spi nne 117

Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890) Dasyatis americana, Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say

spi ne, nw 1, 34, 77 83, 96, 112, 117

Prochristianella sp. Dasyatis say spi 92 84, 117Trimacracantha binuncus (Linton, 1909) Dasyatis say spi ese 41 85, 92 86, 117Zygorhynchus ginglymostomati Palm, 2004 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ese 92 87, 117unidentified Eutetrachynchidae Carcharhinus leucas, Ginglymostoma

cirratumspi ese, nw 6, 92 88, 117

unidentified Trypanorhyncha Sphyrna tiburo nw 77, 117

1 Dailey and Overstreet (1973) considered Pillersium owenium to be closely related to Cathetocephalus thatcheri.2 Pillersium, with P. owenium as type and only species, described from Urogymnus asperrimus from the Indian Ocean, was considered a genus incertae sedis by Euzet (1994); this record from Carcharhinus leucas is dubious and requires verification.3 Pillersium, with P. owenium as type and only species, described from Urogymnus asperrimus from the Indian Ocean, was considered a genus incertae sedis by Euzet (1994); this record from Carcharhinus limbatus is dubious and requires verification.4 Tyler (2006) considered specimens collected from Rhinoptera bonasus off Mississippi to be “not entirely consistent” (pg. 43) with E. bonasus.5 As Hexacanalis marsupium (see Campbell and Williams 1984).6 Linton (1909b) reported finding two specimens of Tylocephalum in a “spotted stingray” (pg. 126), specimens he later described as Tylocephalum marsupium (see Linton 1916).7 GenBank Nos. AF286992 and AF286941.8 Rees (1969) also reported a specimen of this species (from Alblennes hians from Bermuda) but she considered it to be a postlarva.9 As Trigonocotyle sp. (see Hoberg 1990).10 Chandler (1954), citing Linton, listed Dasyatis sabina as host, but Linton (1909a) described this species from Dasyatis say.11 Chandler (1954) considered Onchobothrium tortum to be a synonym of Acanthobothrium coronatum and did not recognize that Linton’s (1916) description of Onchobothrium tortum was based on Linton’s earlier specimens reported as Onchobothrium sp. (Linton 1909a) and thus listed separate records for Acantho-bothrium coronatum and Onchobothrium sp.12 Linton (1909b: 126) reported finding specimens of Onchobothrium in a “spotted stingray,” specimens he later described as Acanthobothrium tortum (see Lin-ton 1916).13 As Onchobothrium tortum (see Baer and Euzet 1962).14 Seamster was cited as a personal communication for this record.15 Chandler (1954: 352) listed “Carcharinus [sic] leucas, cub shark” as a host for Anthobothrium laciniatum but referred to the “cub- shark [Carcharhinus platyo-don]” in Linton (1909a: 167).



16 Henson (1975) recognized three species of Anthobothrium (sp. 2–4) from the carcharhiniform sharks Sphyrna lewini (as Sphyrna diplana), S. tiburo, Carchar-hinus leucas, and C. limbatus; these reports require verification.17 GenBank No. AF126091- 92.18 Chandler (1954) listed Dasyatis sabina as host for Anthocephalum centrurum (as Phyllobothrium centrurum), but Linton (1909a) reported this species from Dasyatis say.19 As Anthocephalum gracile (see Ruhnke 1994b).20 Chandler (1954: 351), citing Linton, listed “Carcharinus [sic] leucas, cub shark” as host for Crossobothrium angustum (as Phyllobothrium mustelis), while Lin-ton (1909a: 164) reported this cestode from “a cub- shark (Carcharhinus lamia).”21 As Orygmatobothrium angustum (see Euzet 1959).22 Linton (1924) reported this species from eight shark species but provided a locality (i.e., Tortugas, Florida) for only one of these (i.e., Carcharhinus commer-sonii [sic]).23 As Echeneibothrium cancellatum (see Schmidt 1969).24 GenBank No. AF126070- 71.25 As a replacement name for Pedibothrium lintoni Caira and Pritchard, 1986.26 As Phoreiobothrium lasium (see Healy 2003).27 As Phoreiobothrium n. sp. from Negaprion brevirostris.28 Chandler (1954: 352) listed “Carcharinus [sic] leucas, cub shark” as a host for Phoreiobothrium lasium (as Cylindrophorus lasius) but referred to the “cub- shark [Carcharhinus platyodon]” in Linton (1909a: 174); Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, recognized only Carcharhinus obscurus as host of P. lasium; thus, this record of P. lasium (as Cylindrophorus lasius) requires verification; Seamster was cited as a personal communication for the records of Cylindrophorus exceptus; Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, listed only Sphyrna zygaena as host of P. exceptum; thus, this record of P. exceptum (as Cylindrophorus exceptus) requires verification.29 Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, recognized only Carcharhinus obscurus as host of P. lasium; thus, this record of P. lasium requires verification.30 Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, recognized only Carcharhinus obscurus as host of P. lasium; thus, this record of P. lasium requires verification.31 GenBank Nos. AF286994 and AF286954.32 GenBank No. AF126095- 96.33 Shuler (1938) reported Platybothrium hypoprioni from “Scoliodon terraenovae” but Healy (2003), after examination of material from this host, did not con-sider Rhizoprionodon terranovae as an additional host of this species.34 GenBank Nos. AF287000 and AF286961.35 Chandler (1954), citing Linton, listed Dasyatis sabina as host for Rhinebothrium flexile, but Linton (1909a) reported this species from Dasyatis say.36 As Echeneibothrium flexile (see Healy 2006)37 GenBank Nos. AF124476 and AF124813.38 GenBank No. AF286962.39 GenBank No. AF126075- 76.40 Seamster was cited as a personal communication for the record of Echeneibothrium minimum; this species was transferred to the genus Scalithrium by Ball, Neifar, and Euzet (2003) as its type species; Dasyatis pastinaca and Raja clavata have been reported as hosts for S. minimum from the Mediterranean Sea, Tune-sia, Senegal (see Ball, Neifar, and Euzet 2003, Healy 2006); this record requires verification.41 Chandler (1954), citing Linton, listed Dasyatis sabina as host for Spongiobothrium variabile (as Anthobothrium variabile), but Linton (1909a) reported this species from Dasyatis say.42 As Thysanocephalum rugosum (see Euzet 1959).43 Chandler (1954) listed separate records for Thysanocephalum rugosum and Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum.44 As Thysanocephalum crispum (see Euzet 1959).45 Henson (1975) reported Unicilocularis trygonis from Carcharhinus leucas and Dasyatis sabina; Uncibilocularis was considered to be restricted to the Indian and Pacific Oceans (see, e.g., Euzet 1994); the record from C. leucas most likely represents a species of Phoreiobothrium, and the record from D. sabina a species of Acanthobothrium.46 As Phyllobothrium tumidum, citing Shuler (1938) for this record (see above); Seamster was also cited as a personal communication for the record of Antho-bothrium sp.; Anthobothrium is considered to be restricted to carcharhiniform sharks (see, e.g., Euzet 1994); this record of Anthobothrium sp. from Dasyatis sabina likely represents a species belonging to a genus other than Anthobothrium; also, Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; this record of Phyllobothrium sp. from Dasyatis sabina is likely to represent a species in a genus other than Phyllobothrium.47 Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; this report of Phyllobothrium sp. from Dasyatis sabina likely represents a species belonging to a genus other than Phyllobothrium; Henson (1975) also reported 3 species of Anthobothrium, one from Dasyatis sabina and D. say (as sp. 1), one from Isurus oxyrhynchus [sic] (as sp. 2), and one from Rhinoptera bonasus (as sp. 5); Anthobothrium was considered to be restricted to car-charhiniform sharks (see, e.g., Euzet 1994); thus, reports of Anthobothrium spp. from these hosts are suspect and likely represent species in genera other than Anthobothrium.

Jensen ~ 505


48 Linton (1909a) reported Phyllobothrium foliatum from Dasyatis say; Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing tri-akid sharks; Linton’s (1909a) record is suspect and requires verification; Linton (1909a: 169) also reported an “Undetermined Cestode” from Carcharhinus platyodon [sic]; his figures suggest that these specimens belong to the genus Paraorygmatobothrium.49 Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; this report of Phyllobothrium foliatum from Dasyatis sabina likely represents a species belonging to a genus other than Phyllobothrium.50 Shuler (1938) reported Phyllobothrium dasybati and P. lactuca from Negaprion brevirostris, and Phyllobothrium tumidium [sic] from Rhizoprionodon terrano-vae; Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; Shuler’s (1938) records are suspect and require verifica-tion.51 As Nybelinia alloiotica (see Palm 2004).52 As Heteronybelinia alloiotica (see Palm 2004).53 As Nybelinia palliata (see Palm 2004).54 As Synbothrium filicolle (see Palm 2004).55 As Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (see Palm 2004).56 As Tentacularia pseudodera (see Palm 2004).57 As Dasyrhynchus variouncinatus (see Palm 2004).58 As Dasyrhynchus variouncinatus (see Palm 2004).59 As Tentacularia insignis (see Palm 2004).60 As Rhynchobothrium exile (see Palm 2004).61 As Grillotia similis (see Palm 2004).62 As Grillotia similis (see Palm 2004).63 As Rhynchobothrium simile (see Palm 2004).64 As Grillotia (Paragrillotia) simmonsi (see Palm 2004).65 As Rhynchobothrium simile (see Palm 2004).66 As Grillotia perlica (see Palm 2004).67 As Tentacularia similis (see Palm 2004).68 As Grillotia perlica (see Palm 2004).69 As Grillotia perlica (see Palm 2004).70 As Tentacularia perelica (see Palm 2004).71 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).72 Chandler (1954) listed Otobothrium curtum and O. crenacolle as separate records (see Palm 2004).73 As Rhynchobothrium curtum and Otobothrium crenacolle (see Palm 2004).74 Chandler (1942) reported Dasyrhynchus insigne from Carcharias playodon [sic].75 As Poecilancistrium robustum (see Palm 2004).76 As Eutetrarhynchus lineatus (see Palm 2004).77 As Rhynchobothrium lineatum (see Palm 2004).78 As Eutetrarhynchus lineatus (see Palm 2004).79 As Tentacularia lineata (see Palm 2004).80 As Rhynchobothrium tenuispine (see Palm 2004).81 As Rhynchobothrium tenuispine (see Palm 2004).82 As Prochristianella tenuispine (see Palm 2004).83 As Prochristianella penaei (see Palm 2004).84 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).85 As Rhynchobothrium binuncum (see Palm 2004).86 As Rhynchobothrium binuncum (see Palm 2004).87 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).88 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).

Ch

eck

list

2. L

arva

l ces

tod

es f

rom

th

e G

ulf

of

Mex

ico.

Taxo

n

Hos

t

Site

in h

ost

G

Mx

rang

e

Ref

eren

ces /

En

dnot

es

Phyl

um: P

laty

helm

inth

esC

lass

: Ces

toda

Ord

er: C

yclo

phyl

lidea

Fam

ily: D

ilepi

dida

eA

scod

ilepi

s tra

nsfu

ga (K

rabb

e, 18

69)

Men

idia

men

idia

inw,

mes

nnw

38 1 , 4

1 2 , 136

Glo

ssoc

ercu

s cyp

rinod

ontis

Cha

ndle

r, 19

35Cy

prin

odon

varie

gatu

snn

w38

, 41,

136

Cyc

loph

yllid

eaLi

tope

naeu

s set

iferu

s, Fa

rfant

epen

aeus

azt

ecus

mes

nw49

, 50

Ord

er: D

iphy

llide

aEc

hino

both

rium

sp.

Cant

haru

s can

cella

rius,

Nas

sariu

s vib

exes

e, ne

, nw

28, 2

9O

rder

: Lec

anic

epha

lidea

Poly

poce

phal

us sp

.Ar

gope

cten

irra

dian

s con

cent

ricus

, Mac

roca

llista

nim

bosa

, Spi

sula

solid

issim

a ra

vene

lidi

d, m

es, m

us,

stw,

vis

ese,

ne, n

w27

, 28,

29

Tylo

ceph

alum

sp.

Anad

ara

florid

ana,

Ana

dara

tran

sver

sa, A

nom

ia si

mpl

ex, A

rca

sp., A

rca

zebr

a, A

rgo-

pect

en ir

radi

ans c

once

ntric

us, A

trin

a rig

ida,

Atr

ina

sem

inud

a, B

usyc

on co

ntra

rium

, Bu

syco

n sp

iratu

m p

yrul

oide

s, Ca

ntha

rus c

ance

llariu

s, Ch

ama

mac

erop

hylla

, Chi

one

canc

ellat

a, C

hlam

ys se

ntis,

Cra

ssos

trea

virg

inica

, Cre

pidu

la fo

rnica

ta, C

repi

dula

m

acul

osa,

Cre

pidu

la p

lana

, Cre

pidu

la sp

p., C

yrto

pleu

ra co

stata

, Din

ocar

dium

ro

bustu

m, D

onax

varia

bilis

, Dos

inia

disc

us, D

osin

ia el

egan

s, En

sis m

inor

, Ens

is sp

p., E

pine

phelu

s mor

io, F

ascio

laria

liliu

m h

unte

ria, F

ascio

laria

tulip

a, L

aevi

car-

dium

mor

toni

, Lae

vica

rdiu

m sp

., Mac

roca

llista

mac

ulat

a, M

acro

calli

sta n

imbo

sa,

Mac

tra fr

agili

s, M

elong

ena

coro

na, M

erce

naria

cam

pech

iens

is, M

erce

naria

mer

ce-

naria

texa

na, M

odio

lus m

odio

lus s

quam

osus

, Mur

ex fl

orife

r deli

ctus

, Mur

ex fu

lve-

scen

s, M

urex

pom

um, N

oetia

pon

dero

sa, O

liva

saya

na, P

erig

lypt

a lis

teri,

Pin

ctad

a im

brica

ta, P

inna

carn

ea, P

leuro

ploc

a gi

gant

ea, P

olin

ices d

uplic

atus

, Pse

udoc

ham

a ra

dian

s, Pt

eria

coly

mbu

s, Ra

eta

plica

tella

, Spi

sula

solid

issim

a sim

ilis,

Spon

dylu

s am

erica

nus,

Thai

s hae

mas

tom

a ca

nalic

ulat

a, T

rach

ycar

dium

egm

ontia

num

con,

dig

, gil,

inw,

m

an, m

us, p

cc,

vis

entir

e14

, 27,

28,

29,

31,

52,

10

0, 1

25

Leca

nice

phal

idea

Farfa

ntep

enae

us a

ztec

us, F

arfa

ntep

enae

us d

uora

rum

, Tra

chyp

enae

us (T

rach

ysal

am-

bria

) con

stric

tus,

Trac

hysa

lam

bria

sim

ilis,

Sicy

onia

dor

salis

, Sol

enoc

era

atla

ntid

isin

t, m

us, n

eves

e, ne

, nw

49, 8

3 3 , 86

Ord

er: P

seud

ophy

llide

aD

ibot

hriu

m sp

.At

herin

a la

ticep

sin

w, st

wes

e41

4 , 92

Pseu

doph

yllid

eaCo

elorh

ynch

us ca

rmin

atus

, Hym

enoc

epha

lus i

talic

usin

tne

3O

rder

: Tet

raph

yllid

eaAc

anth

obot

hriu

m sp

.Ar

gope

cten

irra

dian

s con

cent

ricus

, Bus

ycon

spira

tum

pyr

uloi

des,

Cant

haru

s can

cella

r-iu

s, En

sis m

inor

, Ens

is sp

p., F

ascio

laria

liliu

m h

unte

ria, F

ascio

laria

tulip

a, M

acom

a co

nstr

icta

, Melo

ngen

a co

rona

, Mur

ex p

omum

, Noe

tia p

onde

rosa

, Oliv

a sa

yana

, Pl

euro

ploc

a gi

gant

ea, P

olin

ices d

uplic

atus

, Pse

udom

iltha

flor

idan

a, R

aeta

plic

atell

a,

Tage

lus d

ivisu

s, Ta

gelu

s pleb

eius

, Tag

elus s

pp., T

hais

haem

asto

ma

cana

licul

ata

bcv,

int,

man

, sto

ese,

ne, n

w28

, 29,

72,

73 5 , 1

28 6 ,

147 7

506

(con

tinue

d)

507

Dio

ecot

aeni

a ca

ncell

ata

(Lin

ton,

189

0)An

adar

a ov

alis,

Chi

one c

ance

llata

, Melo

ngen

a co

rona

int,

sto

ese,

ne, n

w28

, 29,

147

8

Eche

neib

othr

ium

sp.

Argo

pect

en ir

radi

ans,

Spisu

la so

lidiss

ima,

Thu

nnus

alb

acar

es[e

ntire

], nn

e27

9 , 104

Pelic

hnib

othr

ium

spec

iosu

m M

ontic

elli,

188

9Th

unnu

s alb

acar

esne

146

Phyl

lobo

thriu

m d

elphi

ni (B

osc,

1802

)St

enell

a co

erul

eoal

baac

wne

62, 1

51Ph

yllo

both

rium

sp.

Alep

isaur

us sp

.ss

e, sw

105

Rhin

ebot

hriu

m sp

.Am

ygda

lum

pap

ryiu

m, A

nada

ra tr

ansv

ersa

, Arg

opec

ten

irrad

ians

conc

entr

icus,

Atrin

a rig

ida,

Atr

ina

sem

inud

a, B

usyc

on co

ntra

rium

, Bus

ycon

spira

tum

pyr

uloi

des,

Cant

haru

s can

cella

rius,

Cerit

hium

atra

tum

, Chi

one c

ance

llata

, Cre

pidu

la fo

rnica

ta,

Crep

idul

a m

acul

osa,

Cre

pidu

la p

lana

, Cre

pidu

la sp

p., D

onax

varia

bilis

, Dos

inia

di

scus

, Dos

inia

eleg

ans,

Ensis

min

or, E

nsis

spp.

, Fas

ciola

ria li

lium

hun

teria

, Fas

cio-

laria

tulip

a, M

actra

frag

ilis,

Mac

roca

llista

nim

bosa

, Melo

ngen

a co

rona

, Nas

sariu

s vi

bex,

Noe

tia p

onde

rosa

, Oliv

a sa

yana

, Per

iplo

ma

ineq

uale,

Pleu

ropl

oca

giga

ntea

, Po

linice

s dup

licat

us, R

aeta

plic

atell

a, Sp

isula

solid

issim

a sim

ilis,

Tage

lus d

ivisu

s, Ta

gelu

s pleb

eius

, Tag

elus s

pp., T

rach

ycar

dium

egm

ontia

num

int,

sto

ese,

ne, n

w28

, 29,

30,

147

10

Rhod

obot

hriu

m sp

.An

adar

a tra

nsve

rsa,

Arg

opec

ten

irrad

ians

conc

entr

icus,

Don

ax va

riabi

lis, M

acro

cal-

lista

nim

bosa

, Spi

sula

solid

issim

a sim

ilis,

Telli

na ve

rsico

lor

man

, vis

ese,

ne, n

w27

, 28 11

, 29 12

, 147

13

Tetr

aphy

llide

aAn

omal

ocar

dia

aube

riana

, Arg

opec

ten

irrad

ians

conc

entr

icus,

Ario

psis

felis,

Aux

is th

azar

d, B

agre

mar

inus

, Bat

hyga

dus f

avos

us, B

athy

gadu

s mac

rops

, Bat

hyga

dus

mela

nobr

anch

us, B

usyc

on sp

iratu

m p

yrul

oide

s, Ca

ntha

rus c

ance

llariu

s, Ch

ione

can-

cella

ta, C

oelo

rhyn

chus

carib

baeu

s, Co

elorh

ynch

us ca

rmin

atus

, Cre

pidu

la fo

rnica

ta,

Crep

idul

a pl

ana,

Cre

pidu

la sp

p., C

yrto

pleu

ra co

stata

, Dos

inia

disc

us, D

osin

ia el

e-ga

ns, E

nsis

min

or, E

nsis

spp.

, Epi

neph

elus g

utta

tus,

Epin

ephe

lus s

tria

tus,

Fasc

iola

ria

liliu

m h

unte

ria, F

ascio

laria

tulip

a, F

eres

a at

tenu

ata,

Gad

omus

arc

uatu

s, G

adom

us

long

ifilis

, Hae

mul

on p

lum

ierii

, Hym

enoc

epha

lus i

talic

us, L

utja

nus g

rise

us, M

ala-

coce

phal

us la

evis,

Melo

ngen

a co

rona

, Mod

iolu

s mod

iolu

s squ

amos

us, M

ycte

rope

rca

bona

ci, N

ezum

ia a

equa

lis, N

oetia

pon

dero

sa, O

ctop

us jo

ubin

i, O

cyur

us ch

rysu

-ru

s, Pe

riphy

lla p

erip

hylla

, Pom

atom

us sa

ltarix

, Rae

ta p

liact

ella,

Sten

o br

edan

ensis

, Sy

nodu

s foe

tens

, Thu

nnus

alb

acar

es, V

entr

ifoss

a at

lant

ica, V

entr

ifoss

a m

acro

pogo

n,

Vent

rifos

sa oc

ciden

talis

cyd,

gbd,

int,

liv,

mes

, meg

pcc

, re

c, st

o

entir

e2 14

, 3 15

, 28 16

, 29 17

, 38

18, 6

3 19, 6

4 20,

65 21

, 73 22

, 92 23

, 93

24, 1

04 25

, 105

26,

109 27

, 123

28

Ord

er: T

rypa

norh

ynch

aSu

perf

amily

: Ten

tacu

lari

oide

aFa

mily

: Ten

tacu

lari

idae

Het

eron

ybeli

nia

estig

men

a (D

ollfu

s, 19

60)

Thun

nus a

lbac

ares

stw

nne

117,

119

Het

eron

ybeli

nia

cf. e

stigm

ena

(Dol

lfus,

1960

)Th

unnu

s alb

acar

esst

wnn

e11

7, 1

19Ko

tore

lla p

rono

som

a (S

toss

ich,

190

1)Cy

nosc

ion

nebu

losu

sst

wnn

e11

7, 1

19N

ybeli

nia

indi

ca C

hand

ra, 1

986

Cory

phae

na h

ippu

rus

stw

nne

117,

119

29

Nyb

elini

a m

ehlh

orni

Pal

m &

Bev

erid

ge, 2

002

Lutja

nus c

ampe

chan

usnn

e11

7

Ch

eck

list

2. L

arva

l ces

tod

es f

rom

th

e G

ulf

of

Mex

ico.

(con

tin

ued

)

508

Taxo

n

Hos

t

Site

in h

ost

G

Mx

rang

e

Ref

eren

ces /

En

dnot

es

Nyb

elini

a sp

.Al

episa

urus

sp., A

trin

a se

min

uda,

Bat

hyga

dus m

acro

ps, C

oelo

rhyn

chus

carib

baeu

s, Co

elorh

ynch

us ca

rmin

atus

, Coe

lorh

ynch

us oc

ca, C

oryp

haen

oide

s mex

icanu

s, Co

ry-

phae

noid

es za

niop

horu

s, Cy

nosc

ion

aren

ariu

s, D

onax

varia

bilis

, Gad

omus

arc

u-at

us, G

adom

us lo

ngifi

lis, H

ymen

ocep

halu

s ita

licus

, Nez

umia

aeq

ualis

, Sph

yrae

na

guac

hanc

ho, Th

unnu

s alb

acar

es, T

rach

inot

us ca

rolin

us, V

entr

ifoss

a at

lant

ica, V

en-

trifo

ssa

mac

ropo

gon,

Ven

trifo

ssa

muc

ocep

halu

s, Ve

ntrif

ossa

occid

enta

lis

dig,

inw,

mes

, stw

ne, n

nw,

sse,

sw3 30

, 104

, 105

31, 1

13,

117,

133

, 147

Tent

acul

aria

cory

phae

nae B

osc,

1797

Alep

isaur

us sp

., Co

ryph

aena

hip

puru

s, Ra

chyc

entro

n ca

nadu

m, T

hunn

us a

lbac

ares

bcv,

int,

mes

, stw

entir

e10

4 32, 1

05 33

, 115

, 11

7, 1

19, 1

27,

146 34

Tent

acul

aria

sp.

Bath

ygad

us m

acro

ps, M

alac

ocep

halu

s lae

vis

mes

, stw

ne3

Fam

ily: S

phyr

ioce

phal

idae

Hep

atox

ylon

trici

huri

(Hol

ton,

180

2)Th

unnu

s alb

acar

esin

tne

117,

146

35

Het

eros

phyr

ioce

phal

us oh

eulu

mia

e Pal

m, 2

004

Thun

nus a

lbac

ares

int

ne11

7, 1

46 36

Sphy

rioce

phal

us sp

.Co

elorh

ynch

us oc

ca, C

oryp

haen

oide

s mex

icanu

s, Th

unnu

s alb

acar

es?

sse,

sw3,

104

, 117

Supe

rfam

ily: G

ymno

rhyn

choi

dea

Fam

ily: G

ymno

rhyn

chid

aeG

ymno

rhyn

chus

giga

s Rud

olph

i, 18

19Br

ama

bram

am

uses

e, ne

117,

119

Supe

rfam

ily: L

acis

torh

ynch

oide

aFa

mily

: Pte

robo

thri

idae

Pter

obot

hriu

m cr

assic

ole D

iesin

g, 1

850

Ario

psis

felis

mes

nnw

117 37

Pter

obot

hriu

m h

eter

acan

thum

Die

sing,

185

0Ar

iops

is fel

is, M

icrop

ogon

ias u

ndul

atus

, Nar

cine b

ancr

oftii,

Pom

atom

us sa

ltato

rm

es, m

us, v

isne

, nw

2 38, 3

8 39, 4

1, 1

10, 1

11,

112,

115

, 117

Pter

obot

hriu

m li

nton

i (M

acC

allu

m, 1

916)

Ario

psis

felis,

Men

ticirr

hus a

mer

icanu

s, M

icrop

ogon

ias u

ndul

atus

mes

, mus

entir

e6,

38 40

, 41,

110

, 111

, 11

7, 1

34 41

Fam

ily: L

acis

torh

ynch

idae

Calli

tetra

rhyn

chus

grac

ilis P

intn

er, 1

931

Ario

psis

felis,

Bag

re m

arin

us, E

lops

saur

us, E

pine

phelu

s str

iatu

s, Lu

tjanu

s ca

mpe

chan

us, L

utja

nus g

rise

us, M

ycte

rope

rca

bona

ci, O

cyur

us ch

rysu

rus,

Scom

b-er

omor

us ca

valla

, Sco

mbe

rom

orus

mac

ulat

us

bcv,

liv, m

es, s

tw,

vis

ese,

ne, n

w2,

40,

41,

53,

92,

117

, 11

9, 1

27

Calli

tetra

rhyn

chus

spec

iosu

s (Li

nton

, 189

7)Ep

inep

helu

s str

iatu

s, Lu

tjanu

s gri

seus

, Myc

tero

perc

a ve

neno

saliv

, mes

, vis

ese

92, 1

17Ca

llite

trarh

ynch

us sp

.Ep

inep

helu

s mor

io, S

ardi

nella

aur

itapc

c, st

w, vi

sse

, sw

6, 6

0, 9

2 42, 1

00, 1

17D

asyr

hync

hus g

igan

teus

(Die

sing,

185

0)Ca

ranx

hip

pos

brn,

mus

nne

10, 1

12 43

, 115

, 117

Das

yrhy

nchu

s pac

ificu

s Rob

inso

n, 1

965

Mug

il ce

phal

us, M

ugil

cure

ma

?ne

, nw

10, 1

17, 1

19G

rillo

tia sp

.Co

ryph

aena

hip

puru

sss

e, sw

105 44

Pseu

dogr

illot

ia p

leista

cant

ha D

ollfu

s, 19

69Po

goni

as cr

omis,

uni

dent

ified

scia

enid

mus

ne, n

w54

, 111

, 115

, 117

, 13

4 45

(con

tinue

d)

509

Pseu

dogr

illot

ia ze

rbia

e Pal

m, 1

995

Serio

la d

umer

ilim

usnn

e11

5, 1

17Ps

eudo

laci

storh

ynch

us n

oodt

i Pal

m, 1

995

Gym

noth

orax

fune

bris,

Pse

udup

eneu

s mac

ulat

usre

wes

e, nn

e92

46, 1

17, 1

18Su

perf

amily

: Oto

both

rioi

dea

Fam

ily: O

tobo

thri

idae

Oto

both

rium

cysti

cum

(May

er, 1

842)

Ario

psis

felis,

Car

anx

crys

os, C

ynos

cion

aren

ariu

s, Cy

nosc

ion

nebu

losu

s, Ep

inep

helu

s str

iatu

s, Lu

tjanu

s cam

pech

anus

, Myc

tero

perc

a bo

naci

, Par

alich

thys

leth

ostig

ma,

Pe

prilu

s alep

idot

us, P

epril

us b

urti,

Pom

atom

us sa

ltato

r

mes

, mus

, vis

ne, n

w2 47

, 92 48

, 113

, 117

, 11

8, 1

19

Oto

both

rium

insig

ne L

into

n, 1

905

Ario

psis

felis

mus

nne,

nnw

78, 1

17O

tobo

thriu

m p

enet

rans

Lin

ton,

190

7Ty

losu

rus c

roco

dilu

snn

e11

8 49

Oto

both

rium

sp.

Bagr

e bah

iens

is [s

ic],

Upe

neus

par

vus

mes

sse,

ssw

105,

114

, 117

Poec

ilanc

istriu

m ca

ryop

hyllu

m (D

iesin

g,

1850

)Ba

irdie

lla ch

ryso

ura,

Cyn

oscio

n ar

enar

ius,

Cyno

scio

n ne

bulo

sus,

Cyno

scio

n no

thus

, Cy

nosc

ion

rega

lis, L

eios

tom

us x

anth

urus

, Men

ticirr

hus a

mer

icanu

s, M

icrop

ogon

ias

undu

latu

s, Po

goni

as cr

omis,

Scia

enop

s oce

llata

, Um

brin

a co

roid

es

mus

entir

e12

, 39 50

, 41 51

, 45,

81,

82

52, 1

10, 1

11, 1

12,

113,

117

, 118

, 134

Fam

ily: P

seud

otob

othr

iidae

Pseu

doto

both

rium

dip

sacu

m (L

into

n, 1

897)

Pom

atom

us sa

ltato

r, M

ycte

rope

rca

falca

taes

e, nn

e2 53

, 95 54

, 117

Supe

rfam

ily: E

utet

rarh

ynch

oide

aFa

mily

: Eut

etra

rhyn

chid

aeO

ncom

egas

wag

ener

i (Li

nton

, 189

0)Lu

tjanu

s aya

, Oph

idio

n sp

.in

ten

tire

115,

117

, 139

Para

chri

stian

ella

dim

egac

anth

a K

ruse

, 195

9Ch

ione

canc

ellat

a, F

arfa

ntep

enae

us a

ztec

us, F

arfa

ntep

enae

us d

uora

rum

, Spi

sula

so

lidiss

ima

simili

sdi

g, in

w, m

usen

tire

27, 4

9 55, 8

6, 1

17 56

Para

chri

stian

ella

mon

omeg

acan

tha

Kru

se,

1959

Calli

anas

sa sp

., Far

fant

epen

aeus

azt

ecus

, Far

fant

epen

aeus

duo

raru

mdi

gen

tire

49 57

, 86,

96,

117

Para

chri

stian

ella

sp.

Atrin

a rig

ida,

Atr

ina

sem

inud

a, A

nada

ra tr

ansv

ersa

, Arg

opec

ten

irrad

ians

conc

en-

tricu

s, Bu

syco

n sp

iratu

m p

yrul

oide

s, Ca

ntha

rus c

ance

llariu

s, Ch

ione

canc

ellat

a,

Crep

idul

a fo

rnica

ta, C

repi

dula

spp.

, Don

ax va

riabi

lis, D

osin

ia d

iscus

, Fas

ciola

ria

liliu

m h

unte

ria, F

ascio

laria

tulip

a, M

acro

calli

sta m

acul

ata,

Mac

roca

llista

nim

bosa

, N

oetia

pon

dero

sa, P

olin

ices d

uplic

atus

, Rae

ta p

licat

ella,

Spisu

la so

lidiss

ima

simili

s

inw,

mus

ne27

58, 2

8, 2

9, 1

17

Proc

hrist

iane

lla h

ispid

a (L

into

n, 1

890)

Calli

chiru

s isla

gran

de, F

arfa

ntep

enae

us a

ztec

us, F

arfa

ntep

enae

us b

rasil

iens

is, F

arfa

n-te

pena

eus d

uora

rum

, Lito

pena

eus s

etife

rus,

Trac

hype

naeu

s con

stric

tus

dig,

hpp

, stw

entir

e1 59

, 42,

83 60

, 86 61

, 96

, 112

, 117

, 118

, 12

6 62, 1

38, 1

43 63

, 14

4 64

Proc

hrist

iane

lla p

enae

i Kru

se, 1

959

Farfa

ntep

enae

us a

ztec

us, L

itope

naeu

s set

iferu

shp

pnw

49 65

Proc

hrist

iane

lla sp

.Fa

rfant

epen

aeus

azt

ecus

hpp

nne

117

unid

entifi

ed E

utet

rarh

ynch

idae

Argo

pect

en ir

radi

ans c

once

ntric

us, A

trin

a rig

ida,

Atr

ina

sem

inud

a, B

usyc

on sp

iratu

m

pyru

loid

es, C

repi

dula

forn

icata

, Cre

pidu

la sp

p., D

osin

ia d

iscus

, Ens

is sp

p., E

pine

ph-

elus m

orio

, Fas

ciola

ria li

lium

hun

teria

, Fas

ciola

ria tu

lipa,

Melo

ngen

a co

rona

, Pleu

-ro

ploc

a gi

gant

ea, T

hais

haem

asto

ma

cana

licul

ata

inw,

lei

ne, s

e, sw

28, 2

9, 1

00, 1

17

Ch

eck

list

2. L

arva

l ces

tod

es f

rom

th

e G

ulf

of

Mex

ico.

(con

tin

ued

)

510

Taxo

n

Hos

t

Site

in h

ost

G

Mx

rang

e

Ref

eren

ces /

En

dnot

es

unid

entifi

ed T

rypa

norh

ynch

aAl

pheu

s arm

illat

us, B

athy

gadu

s mac

rops

, Cep

halo

phol

is fu

lva,

Coe

lorh

ynch

us ca

rib-

baeu

s, Co

elorh

ynch

us ca

rmin

atus

, Coe

lorh

ynch

us oc

ca, C

oryp

haen

a hi

ppur

us,

Cory

phae

noid

es za

niop

horu

s, Cy

nosc

ion

nebu

losu

s, Ep

inep

helu

s gut

tatu

s, G

ado-

mus

arc

uatu

s, La

chno

laim

us m

axim

us, L

itope

naeu

s set

iferu

s, M

alac

ocep

halu

s la

evis,

Micr

ophr

ys b

icorn

utus

, Mith

rax

scul

ptus

, Mug

il cu

rem

a, N

ezum

ia a

equa

lis,

Pach

ygra

psus

tran

sver

sus,

Pagu

riste

s pun

ctice

ps, P

anop

eus l

acus

tris,

Pith

o ac

ulea

-tu

s, Sy

nodu

s foe

tens

, Thu

nnus

alb

acar

es, V

entr

ifoss

a at

lant

ica, V

entr

ifoss

a m

acro

po-

gon,

Ven

trifo

ssa

occid

enta

lis

bra,

mus

, pca

, vis

[ent

ire],

ese,

ne,

nnw

3 66, 6

67, 1

5, 5

3, 1

04 68

, 10

5 69, 1

09, 1

10,

113,

117

, 146

70

un

iden

tified

Ces

toda

Ba

thyg

adus

favo

sus,

Bath

ygad

us m

acro

ps, C

oelo

rhyn

chus

carib

baeu

s, Co

elorh

ynch

us

carm

inat

us, C

oelo

rhyn

chus

occa

, Cor

ypha

enoi

des m

exica

nus,

Cory

phae

noid

es

zani

opho

rus,

Cras

sostr

ea vi

rgin

ica, C

ynos

cion

nebu

losu

s, D

oros

oma

cepe

dian

um,

Farfa

ntep

enae

us a

ztec

us, F

arfa

ntep

enae

us d

uora

rum

, Gad

omus

arc

uatu

s, G

ado-

mus

long

ifilis

, Hym

enoc

epha

lus i

talic

us, M

alac

ocep

halu

s lae

vis,

Nez

umia

aeq

ualis

, St

omol

ophu

s mele

agri

s, un

iden

tified

mac

rour

id, V

entr

ifoss

a at

lant

ica, V

entr

ifoss

a m

acro

pogo

n, V

entr

ifoss

a oc

ciden

talis

bc

v, in

t, in

w, m

es,

meg

, mus

, stw

ne

, sse

, ss

w

3 71

, 38 72

, 86,

112

, 123

, 14

0, 1

43

1 As C

ystic

erco

ides

men

idia

e (se

e Sch

olz 2

001)

.2 A

s Cys

ticer

coid

es m

enid

iae f

rom

Men

idia

ber

rylin

a pe

nins

ulae

, citi

ng C

hand

ler.

3 Hut

ton

et al

. (19

59) r

efer

red

the r

ecor

ds fr

om T

rach

ypen

aeus

(Tra

chys

alam

bria

) con

stric

tus,

Trac

hysa

lam

bria

sim

ilis,

Sicy

onia

dor

salis

, and

Sol

enoc

era

atla

ntid

is as

“pos

sible”

hos

ts.

4 Cha

ndle

r (19

54) l

isted

Hep

setia

stip

es as

hos

t for

Dib

othr

ium

sp. (

as B

othr

ioce

phal

us sp

.), b

ut L

into

n (1

909)

repo

rted

this

spec

ies f

rom

Ath

erin

a la

ticep

s.5 C

ake (

1977

a) co

nsid

ered

the u

nide

ntifi

ed ce

stod

e lar

vae r

epor

ted

by H

arry

(196

9) fr

om R

aeta

plic

atell

a to

be l

arva

e of A

cant

hobo

thriu

m.

6 Reg

an (1

963)

iden

tified

larv

ae fr

om M

elong

ena

coro

na as

tetr

aphy

llide

an p

lero

cerc

oids

; sub

sequ

ently

, Cak

e (19

77a)

cons

ider

ed th

ese t

o be

larv

ae o

f Aca

ntho

both

rium

.7 W

ardl

e’s (1

974)

Sco

lex

sp. I

larv

ae fr

om T

agelu

s pleb

eius

and

Mac

oma

cons

tric

ta, a

nd S

cole

x sp

. III

larv

ae fr

om T

hais

haem

asto

ma

and

Pleu

ropl

oca

giga

ntea

, wer

e con

sider

ed to

be A

cant

hobo

thriu

m la

rvae

by C

ake (

1977

a).

8 War

dle’s

(197

4) S

cole

x sp

. II l

arva

e fro

m A

nada

ra ov

alis

wer

e con

sider

ed to

be D

ioec

otae

nia

canc

ellat

a la

rvae

by C

ake (

1977

a).

9 Cak

e’s (1

972)

repo

rt o

f lar

vae f

rom

Arg

opec

ten

irrad

ians

and

Spisu

la so

lidiss

ima

wer

e lat

er co

nsid

ered

to b

e lar

vae o

f Rhi

nebo

thriu

m sp

. (C

ake 1

976,

197

7a).

10 W

ardl

e’s (1

974)

Sco

lex

sp. V

II la

rvae

from

Noe

tia p

onde

rosa

wer

e con

sider

ed to

be D

ioec

otae

nia

canc

ellat

a la

rvae

by C

ake (

1977

a).

11 C

ake (

1976

) list

ed an

d fig

ured

Ant

hobo

thriu

m sp

. lar

vae f

rom

Ana

dara

tran

sver

sa th

at ar

e her

e con

sider

ed R

hodo

both

rium

larv

ae.

12 C

ake (

1976

) list

ed an

d fig

ured

Ant

hobo

thriu

m sp

. lar

vae f

rom

Ana

dara

tran

sver

sa th

at ar

e her

e con

sider

ed R

hodo

both

rium

larv

ae.

13 W

ardl

e’s (1

974)

Sco

lex

sp. I

V la

rvae

from

Don

ax va

riabi

lis w

ere c

onsid

ered

to b

e Ant

hobo

thriu

m la

rvae

by C

ake (

1977

a) b

ut ar

e her

e con

sider

ed R

hodo

both

rium

larv

ae.

14 A

s Sco

lex p

leuro

nect

is.15

Arm

stro

ng (1

974)

reco

gniz

ed tw

o ty

pes o

f tet

raph

yllid

ean

larv

ae: S

colex

pleu

rone

ctis,

form

I fr

om B

athy

gadu

s fav

osus

, Bat

hyga

dus m

acro

ps, B

athy

gadu

s mela

nobr

anch

us, C

oelo

rhyn

chus

carib

baeu

s, Co

elorh

ynch

us ca

rmin

a-tu

s, G

adom

us a

rcua

tus,

Gad

omus

long

ifilis

, Hym

enoc

epha

lus i

talic

us, M

alac

ocep

halu

s lae

vis,

Nez

umia

aeq

ualis

, Ven

trifo

ssa

atla

ntica

, Ven

trifo

ssa

mac

ropo

gon,

and

Vent

rifos

sa oc

ciden

talis

, and

Sco

lex p

leuro

nect

is, fo

rm II

from

Ba

thyg

adus

mac

rops

, Coe

lorh

ynch

us ca

ribba

eus,

Coelo

rhyn

chus

carm

inat

us, a

nd V

entr

ifoss

a oc

ciden

talis

.16

As S

colex

pleu

rone

ctis

quad

riloc

ular

is an

d Sc

olex

pleu

rone

ctis.

17 A

s “U

nkno

wn

tetr

aphy

llide

an U

niac

etab

ulo-

pler

ocer

coid

s of A

cant

hobo

thriu

m sp

. (Re

gan)

and /

or R

hine

both

rium

sp. (

Cak

e).”

18 A

s Sco

lex p

leuro

nect

is.

(con

tinue

d)

511

19 A

s “te

trap

hylli

dean

cest

ode l

arva

e” (p

g. 3

59).

20 F

orre

ster

and

Robe

rtso

n (1

975)

repo

rted

a ce

stod

e lar

va fr

om th

e liv

er o

f Ste

no b

reda

nens

is.21

As “

‘Sco

lex p

leuro

nect

is’ (s

yn. S

colex

pol

ymor

phus

)” (p

g. 4

00).

22 A

s “ta

pew

orm

larv

ae” (

pg. 7

).23

As S

colex

pol

ymor

phus

.24

As S

colex

pol

ymor

phus

.25

As S

colex

pleu

rone

ctis.

26 A

s Sco

lex p

leuro

nect

is.27

Ove

rstr

eet (

1968

) rec

ogni

zed

two

spec

ies o

f tet

raph

yllid

ean

larv

ae in

Syno

dus f

oete

ns.

28 A

s “te

trap

hylli

dean

- like

larv

a” (p

g. 5

75).

29 A

s Nyb

elini

a sc

olio

doni

(see

Pal

m 2

004)

.30

Arm

stro

ng (1

974)

reco

gniz

ed th

ree t

ypes

of N

ybeli

nia

sp. l

arva

e.31

Rec

ords

from

Alep

isaur

us sp

. and

Cor

ypha

ena

hipp

urus

wer

e not

list

ed in

Pal

m (2

004)

and

requ

ire ve

rifica

tion.

32 A

s Ten

tacu

laria

sp. (

see P

alm

200

4).

33 T

his r

ecor

d fr

om A

lepisa

urus

sp. w

as n

ot li

sted

in P

alm

(200

4) an

d re

quire

s ver

ifica

tion.

34 A

s Ten

tacu

laria

sp. (

see P

alm

200

4).

35 A

s Hep

atox

ylon

sp.

36 A

s Sph

yrio

ceph

alus

sp. (

see P

alm

200

4).

37 P

alm

(200

4) b

ased

his

desig

natio

n on

spec

imen

s dep

osite

d by

Mac

Cal

lum

.38

As P

tero

both

rium

filic

olle

(see

Pal

m 2

004)

.39

As G

ymno

rhyn

chus

giga

s (se

e Pal

m 2

004)

.40

As G

ymno

rhyn

chus

mal

leus (

see P

alm

200

4).

41 A

s Pte

robo

thriu

m sp

. (se

e Pal

m 2

004)

.42

As R

hync

hobo

thriu

m sp

. fro

m C

lupa

nodo

n ps

eudo

hisp

anicu

s (se

e Pal

m 2

004)

.43

As D

asyr

hync

hus s

p. (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

44 R

ecor

d fr

om C

oryp

haen

a hi

ppur

us w

as n

ot li

sted

in P

alm

(200

4).

45 A

s Dip

loot

obot

hriu

m sp

ringe

ri (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

46 A

s Rhy

ncho

both

rium

sp. f

rom

Lyco

dont

is fu

nebr

is (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

47 A

s Oto

both

rium

cren

acol

le (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

48 A

s Rhy

ncho

both

rium

curt

um (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

49 T

his r

ecor

d w

as n

ot in

clud

ed in

Pal

m (2

004)

.50

As O

tobo

thriu

m ro

bustu

m (s

ee P

alm

200

4); P

alm

(200

4) ap

pear

s to

have

mist

aken

ly li

sted

Epi

neph

elus c

oioi

des a

s ins

tead

of C

ynos

cion

neb

ulos

us (a

s Eri

scio

n ne

bulo

sus)

.51

As P

oecil

anci

striu

m ro

bustu

m (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

52 A

s Poe

cilia

ncist

rum

[sic]

robu

stum

(see

Pal

m 2

004)

.53

As O

tobo

thriu

m d

ipsa

cum

(see

Pal

m 2

004)

.54

As O

tobo

thriu

m d

ipsa

cum

; Myc

tero

perc

a fa

lcata

is th

e orig

inal

hos

t in

Lint

on (1

924)

but

is li

sted

as T

rach

inot

us fa

lcatu

s in

Palm

(200

4).

55 C

orke

rn (1

977)

was

not

trea

ted

in P

alm

(200

4) an

d re

quire

s ver

ifica

tion.

56 P

alm

(200

4) re

port

ed P

arac

hrist

iane

lla d

imeg

acan

tha

from

Chi

one c

ance

llata

from

Flo

rida w

ithou

t pro

vidi

ng a

spec

ific l

ocal

ity; t

hus,

this

mig

ht n

ot re

pres

ent a

reco

rd fr

om th

e GM

x.

512

Ch

eck

list

2. L

arva

l ces

tod

es f

rom

th

e G

ulf

of

Mex

ico.

(con

tin

ued

)

57 C

orke

rn (1

977)

was

not

trea

ted

in P

alm

(200

4) an

d re

quire

s ver

ifica

tion.

58 A

s Par

achr

istia

nella

dim

egac

anth

a (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

59 A

s Pro

chri

stian

ella

pena

ei (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

60 A

s Pro

chri

stian

ella

sp. (

see P

alm

200

4).

61 A

s Pro

chri

stian

ella

pena

ei (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

62 A

s Pro

chri

stian

ella

pena

ei (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

63 A

s Pro

chri

stian

ella

pena

ei (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

64 A

s Pro

chri

stian

ella

pena

ei (s

ee P

alm

200

4).

65 W

hile

Pal

m co

nsid

ered

Pro

chri

stian

ella

pena

ei as

a ju

nior

syno

nym

of P

roch

risti

anell

a hi

spid

a, C

orke

rn (1

977)

was

not

trea

ted

in P

alm

(200

4) an

d re

quire

s ver

ifica

tion.

66 A

rmst

rong

(197

4) re

cogn

ized

5 ty

pes o

f try

pano

rhyn

chan

larv

ae (a

s Ple

uroc

erco

id fo

rm I

[Cys

tidae

], Pl

euro

cerc

us fo

rm I,

Ple

uroc

ercu

s for

m II

, Ple

uroc

ercu

s for

m II

I, an

d Pl

euro

cerc

us fo

rm IV

).67

As G

rillo

tia sp

., bel

ongi

ng to

the G

. hep

tanc

hi g

roup

(see

Pal

m 2

004)

.68

The

se re

cord

s of G

rillo

tia sp

., Gym

norh

ynch

us gi

gas,

and

an u

nide

ntifi

ed tr

ypan

orhy

ncha

n fr

om T

hunn

us a

lbac

ares

wer

e not

verifi

ed in

Pal

m (2

004)

.69

Thi

s rec

ord

from

Epi

neph

elus g

utta

tus a

nd L

achn

olai

mus

max

imus

was

not

list

ed in

Pal

m (2

004)

and

requ

ires v

erifi

catio

n.70

War

d’s (1

962)

reco

rd o

f a d

asyr

hync

hid

from

Thu

nnus

alb

acar

es an

d a t

rypa

norh

ynch

an la

rva f

rom

Lito

pena

eus s

etife

rus (

as P

enae

us fl

uvia

tilis)

was

not

verifi

ed b

y Pal

m (2

004)

.71

Arm

stro

ng (1

974)

reco

gniz

ed th

ree t

ypes

of c

esto

de la

rvae

whi

ch h

e con

sider

ed to

be i

ncer

tae s

edis

(as P

leur

ocer

coid

form

I, II

, III

).72

Cha

ndle

r (19

35: 1

25) r

epor

ted

this

larv

a as a

n “u

nide

ntifi

ed ta

pew

orm

larv

a” fr

om C

ynos

cion

neb

ulos

us (a

s Eri

scio

n ne

bulo

sus)

.

Jensen ~ 513

(continued)

Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico.

Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)

Phylum: CnidariaClass: ScyphozoaOrder: CoronataeFamily: Periphyllidae

Periphylla periphylla (Péron & Lesueur, 1809) Tetraphyllidea (L)Order: RhizostomeaeFamily: Rhizostomatidae

Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz, 1862 unidentified Cestoda (L)Phylum: MolluscaClass: BivalviaOrder: ArcoidaFamily: Arcidae

Anadara floridana (Conrad, 1869) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Lunarca ovalis (Bruguière, 1789) 1 Dioecotaenia cancellata (L)Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium sp. (L),

Tylocephalum sp. (L)Arca sp. Tylocephalum sp. (L)Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833) Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Family: NoetiidaeNoetia ponderosa (Say, 1822) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Order: MytiloidaFamily: Mytilidae

Amygdalum papryium (Conrad, 1846) Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Modiolus squamosus Beauperthuy, 1967 2 Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Order: MyoidaFamily: Pholadidae

Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Order: OstreoidaFamily: Anomiidae

Anomia simplex d’Orbigny, 1842 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Ostreidae

Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Family: Pectinidae

Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say, 1822) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Echeneibothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Polypocephalus sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)

Caribachlamys sentis (Reeve, 1853) 3 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Spondylidae

Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Order: PholadomyoidaFamily: Periplomatidae

Periploma margaritaceum (Lamarck, 1801) 4 Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Order: PterioidaFamily: Pinnidae

Atrina rigida (Lightfoot, 1786) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)

Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819) Nybelinia sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)

Pinna carnea Gmelin, 1791 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Pteriidae

Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Pteria colymbus (Röding, 1798) Tylocephalum sp. (L)


Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)


Order: VeneroidaFamily: Cardiidae

Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Laevicardium mortoni (Conrad, 1831) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Laevicardium sp. Tylocephalum sp. (L)Trachycardium egmontianum (Shuttleworth, 1856) Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Family: ChamidaeChama macerophylla Gmelin, 1791 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Chama radians Lamarck, 1819 5 Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Family: DonacidaeDonax variabilis Say, 1822 Nybelinia sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium

sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Lucinidae

Stewartia floridana (Conrad, 1833) 6 Acanthobothrium sp. (L)Family: Mactridae

Mactrotoma fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) 7 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Raeta plicatella (Lamarck, 1818) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Spisula raveneli (Conrad, 1831) 8 Polypocephalus sp. (L)Spisula solidissima similis (Say, 1822) 9 Echeneibothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha (L), Parachristianella sp.

(L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Pharidae

Ensis minor Dall, 1900 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Ensis sp. Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)

Family: PholadidaeCyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Family: SolecurtidaeTagelus divisus (Spengler, 1794) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Tagelus sp. Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)

Family: TellinidaeMacoma constricta (Bruguière, 1792) Acanthobothrium sp. (L)

Family: VeneridaeAngulus versicolor (De Kay, 1843) 10 Rhodobothrium sp. (L)Anomalocardia auberiana (d’Orbigny, 1853) Tetraphyllidea (L)Chione cancellata (Linnaeus, 1767) 11 Dioecotaenia cancellata (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha (L), Parachristianella

sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Dosinia discus (Reeve, 1850) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum

sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Dosinia elegans (Conrad, 1843) Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) Parachristianella sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786) Parachristianella sp. (L), Polypocephalus sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Rhodobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Mercenaria campechiensis campechiensis

(Gmelin, 1791) 12

Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Mercenaria mercenaria texana (Dall, 1902) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Periglypta listeri (J. E. Gray, 1838) Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Class: CephalopodaOrder: OctopodaFamily: Octopodidae

Octopus joubini Robson, 1929 Tetraphyllidea (L)

Jensen ~ 515


(continued)


Class: GastropodaSubclass: CaenogastropodaSuperfamily: CerithioideaFamily: Cerithiidae

Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Superfamily: CalyptraeoideaFamily: Calyptraeidae

Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)

Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Crepidula plana Say, 1822 13 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Crepidula sp. Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum

sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Superfamily: NaticoideaFamily: Naticidae

Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) 14 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Order: NeogastropodaSuperfamily: MuricoideaFamily: Muricidae

Phyllonotus pomum (Gmelin, 1791) 15 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Hexaplex fulvescens (Sowerby II, 1834) 16 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Murex florifer delictus (Adams, 1855) 17 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) 18 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)

Superfamily: BuccinoideaFamily: Buccinidae

Cantharus cancellarius (Conrad, 1846) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Echinobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)

Family: FasciolariidaeFasciolaria hunteria (G. Perry, 1811) 19 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Fasciolaria tulipa (Linnaeus, 1758) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Triplofusus giganteus (Kiener, 1840) 20 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified

Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Family: Melongenidae

Busycon sinistrum Hollister, 1958 21 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Busycotypus spiratus (Lamarck, 1816) 22 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Dioecotaenia cancellata (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),

Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Family: Nassariidae

Nassarius vibex (Say, 1822) Echinobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Oliviform taxaFamily: Olividae

Oliva sayana Ravenel, 1834 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Phylum: ArthropodaClass: MalacostracaOrder: DecapodaFamily: Alpheidae

Alpheus armillatus Milne Edwards, 1837 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)




Family: CallianassidaeCallianassa sp. 23 Parachristianella monomegacantha (L)Callichirus islagrande (Schmitt, 1935) Prochristianella hispida (L)

Family: DiogenidaePaguristes puncticeps J. E. Benedict, 1901 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)

Family: GrapsidaePachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)

Family: MithracidaeMicrophrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Mithraculus sculptus (Lamarck, 1818) 24 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)

Family: PanopeidaePanopeus lacustris Desbonne, 1867 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)

Family: PenaeidaeFarfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) Cyclophyllidea (L), Lecanicephalidea (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha

(L), Parachristianella monomegacantha (L), Prochristianella hispida (L), Prochristianella penaei (L), Prochristianella sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)

Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) Prochristianella hispida (L)Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) Lecanicephalidea (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha (L), Parachristianella

monomegacantha (L), Prochristianella hispida (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767) 25 Cyclophyllidea (L), Prochristianella hispida (L), Prochristianella penaei (L),

unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1871) 26 Lecanicephalidea (L), Prochristianella hispida (L)Rimapenaeus similis (S. I. Smith, 1885) 27 Lecanicephalidea (L)

Family: PortunidaeCallinectes similis A. B. Williams, 1966 unidentified Cestoda (L)

Family: SicyoniidaeSicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, 1878 Lecanicephalidea (L)

Family: SolenoceridaeSolenocera atlantidis Burkenroad, 1939 Lecanicephalidea (L)

Family: TychidaePitho aculeata (Gibbes, 1850) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)

Phylum: Chordata (Craniata)Class: ElasmobranchiiOrder: OrectolobiformesFamily: Ginglymostomatidae

Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) Dollfusiella lineatus (A), Dollfusiella tenuispinis (A), Grillotia sp. (A), Paragrillotia similis (A), Pedibothrium brevispine (A), Pedibothrium globicephalum (A), Pedibothrium longispine (A), Pedibothrium manteri (A), Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti (A), unidentified Eutetrachynchidae (A), Zygorhynchus ginglymostomati (A)

Order: LamniformesFamily: Alopiidae

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) Phoreiobothrium sp. (A)Family: Lamnidae

Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) 28 Crossobothrium angustum (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A)

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked)Order: CarcharhiniformesFamily: Carcharhinidae

Carcharhinus commersonii (Blainville, 1816) 29 Crossobothrium angustum (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A)

Jensen ~ 517


(continued)


Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Cathetocephalus thatcheri (A), Dasyrhynchus giganteus (A), Heteronybelinia estigmena (A), Nybelinia lingualis (A), Otobothrium insigne (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Pillersium owenium (A), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (A), Tetraphyllidea (hooked) (A), unidentified Eutetrachynchidae (A)

Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Disculiceps pileatum (A), Heteronybelinia estigmena (A), Heteronybelinia overstreeti (A), Nybelinia cf. bisulcata (A), Nybelinia lingualis (A), Otobothrium insigne (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Pillersium owenium (A), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (A), Pseudogillotia perelica (A)

Carcharhinus platyodon (non Poey, 1860) 30 Anthobothrium laciniatum (A), Disculiceps pileatum (A), Otobothrium cysticum (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A), Otobothrium insigne (A)

Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) Platybothrium coshtaprum (A)Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) Grillotiella exile (A), Otobothrium cysticum (A), Thysanocephalum

thysanocephalum (A)Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868) Anthobothrium laciniatum (A), Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (A), Dasyrhynchus

giganteus (A), Paraorygmatobothrium roberti (A), Phoreiobothrium anticaporum (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Platybothrium hypoprioni (A), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (A), Pseudogillotia perelica (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)

Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson, 1836) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Otobothrium cysticum (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A), Platybothrium sp. (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)

Family: SphyrnidaeSphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Diplootobothrium springeri

(A)Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) Phoreiobothrium manirei (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A)Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Phoreiobothrium tiburonis (A), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (A)Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822) 31 Diplootobothrium springeri (A)Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) 32 Heteronybelinia palliata (A)

Order: TorpediniformesFamily: Narcinidae

Narcine bancroftii (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L)Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers, 1831) 33 Acanthobothrium lintoni (A)

Order: RajiformesFamily: Rajidae

Raja eglanteria Bosc, 1800 Acanthobothrium floridensis (A)Order: MyliobatiformesFamily: Dasyatidae

Dasyatis americana Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928 Acanthobothrium paulum (A), Anthocephalum alicae (A), Anthocephalum cairae (A), Polypocephalus sp. (A), Prochristianella hispida (A), Pterobothrium lintoni (A), Rhinebothrium corymbum (A), Rhinebothrium maccallumi (A), Rhinebothrium sp. (A), Rhinebothrium spinicephalum (A)

Dasyatis sabina (Lesueur, 1824) Acanthobothrium brevissime (A), Acanthobothrium sp. (A), Dollfusiella tenuispinis (A), Echeneibothrium minimum (A), Echeneibothrium sp. (A), Parachristianella monomegacantha (A), Prochristianella hispida (A), Pterobothrium lintoni (A), Rhinebothrium flexile (A), Tetraphyllidea (hooked) (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)

Dasyatis say (Lesueur, 1817) Acanthobothrium brevissime (A), Anthocephalum centrurum (A), Prochristianella hispida (A), Prochristianella sp. (A), Pterobothrium heteracanthum (A), Rhinebothrium flexile (A), Rhinebothrium sp. (A), Spongiobothrium variabile (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A), Trimacracantha binuncus (A)




Family: GymnuridaeGymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Acanthobothrium fogeli (A)

Family: MyliobatidaeAetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) Acanthobothrium tortum (A), Tylocephalum marsupium (A)

Family: RhinopteridaeRhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) Dioecotaenia cancellata (A), Duplicibothrium minutum (A), Echinobothrium sp.

(A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)Family: Mobulidae

Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831) Rhabdotobothrium anterophallum (A)Class: ActinopterygiiOrder: LepisosteiformesFamily: Lepisosteidae

Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Proteocephalus australis (A), Proteocephalus elongatus (A)Order: ElopiformesFamily: Elopidae

Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L)Order: ClupeiformesFamily: Clupeidae

Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur, 1818) unidentified Cestoda (L)Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 Callitetrarhynchus sp. (L)

Order: SiluriformesFamily: Ariidae

Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus, 1766) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Otobothrium insigne (L), Pterobothrium crassicole (L), Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L), Pterobothrium lintoni (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)

Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Otobothrium sp. (L) 34, Tetraphyllidea (L)Order: AulopiformesFamily: Alepisauridae

Alepisaurus sp. Nybelinia sp. (L), Phyllobothrium sp. (L), Tentacularia coryphaenae (L)Family: Chlorophthalmidae

Parasudis truculenta (Goode & Bean, 1896) 35 Clestobothrium crassiceps (A)Family: Synodontidae

Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766) Anantrum tortum (A), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Order: OphidiiformesFamily: Ophidiidae

Ophidion sp. Oncomegas wageneri (L)Order: GadiformesFamily: Bathygadidae

Bathygadus favosus Goode & Bean, 1886 Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Bathygadus macrops Goode & Bean, 1885 Clestobothrium gibsoni (A), Nybelinia sp. (L), Tentacularia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea

(L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Bathygadus melanobranchus Vaillant, 1888 Tetraphyllidea (L)Gadomus arcuatus (Goode & Bean, 1886) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Gadomus longifilis (Goode & Bean, 1885) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)

Family: MacrouridaeCoelorinchus caribbaeus (Goode & Bean, 1885) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Coelorinchus carminatus (Goode, 1880) 36 Tetraphyllidea (L), Nybelinia sp. (L), Pseudophyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda

(L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Coelorinchus occa (Goode & Bean, 1885) Nybelinia sp. (L), Sphyriocephalus sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Coryphaenoides mexicanus (Parr, 1946) Nybelinia sp. (L), Sphyriocephalus sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)

Jensen ~ 519


(continued)


Coryphaenoides zaniophorus (Vaillant, 1888) Nybelinia sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884 Nybelinia sp. (L), Pseudophyllidea (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843) Tentacularia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Malacocephalus occidentalis Goode & Bean, 1885 37 Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Nezumia aequalis (Günther, 1878) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Nezumia atlantica (Parr, 1946) 38 Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Ventrifossa macropogon Marshall, 1973 Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Ventrifossa mucocephalus Marshall, 1973 Nybelinia sp. (L)unidentified macrourid unidentified Cestoda (L)

Family: MerlucciidaeMerluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814) 39 Clestobothrium crassiceps (A)Merluccius sp. Clestobothrium crassiceps (A)

Family: MoridaeGadella imberbis (Vaillant, 1888) Bothriocephalus gadellus (A)

Family: MuraenidaeGymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839 Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti (L)

Order: MugiliformesFamily: Mugilidae

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Dasyrhynchus pacificus (L)Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 Dasyrhynchus pacificus (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)

Order: AtheriniformesFamily: Atherinidae

Atherinomorus stipes (Müller & Troschel, 1848) 40 Dibothrium sp. (L)Family: Atherinopsidae

Menidia menidia (Linnaeus, 1766) 41 Ascodilepis transfuga (L)Order: BeloniformesFamily: Belonidae

Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821) 42 Otobothrium penetrans (L), Ptychobothrium belones (A), Bothriocephalus sp. (A)Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860) Ptychobothrium belones (A)

Order: CyprinodontiformesFamily: Cyprinodontidae

Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède, 1803 Glossocercus cyprinodontis (L)Order: PerciformesFamily: Bramidae

Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) Gymnorhynchus gigas (L)Family: Carangidae

Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815) Otobothrium cysticum (L)Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766) Dasyrhynchus giganteus (L)Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) Nybelinia sp. (L)Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) Pseudogrillotia zerbiae (L)

Family: CoryphaenidaeCoryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 Grillotia sp. (L), Nybelinia indica (L), Tentacularia coryphaenae (L), unidentified

Trypanorhyncha (L)Family: Haemulidae

Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède, 1801) Tetraphyllidea (L)Family: Labridae

Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)




Family: LutjanidaeLutjanus aya (Bloch, 1790) 43 Oncomegas wageneri (L)Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Nybelinia mehlhorni (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L)Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)

Family: MullidaePseudupeneus maculates (Bloch, 1793) Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti (L)Upeneus parvus Poey, 1852 Otobothrium sp. (L)

Family: PomatomidaePomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) 44 Tetraphyllidea (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (L),

Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L)Family: Rachycentridae

Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Tentacularia coryphaenae (L)Family: Sciaenidae

Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepède, 1802) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930 Nybelinia sp. (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830) Kotorella pronosoma (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum

(L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Cynoscion nothus (Holbrook, 1848) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802 Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L), Pterobothrium lintoni (L)Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L), Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L),

Pterobothrium lintoni (L)Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L), Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha (L)Sciaenops ocellata (Linnaeus, 1766) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Umbrina coroides Cuvier, 1830 Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)unidentified sciaenid Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha (L)

Family: ScombridaeAuxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800) Tetraphyllidea (L)Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) Hepatoxylon trichiuri (L), Heteronybelinia cf. estigmena (L), Heteronybelinia

estigmena (L), Heterosphyriocephalus oheulumiae (L), Nybelinia sp. (L), Sphyriocephalus sp. (L), Tentacularia coryphaenae (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L), Echeneibothrium sp. (L), Pelichnibothrium speciosum (L)

Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L)Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L)

Family: SerranidaeCephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828) Callitetrarhynchus sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae

(L)Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (L), Otobothrium

cysticum (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)Mycteroperca interstitialis (Poey, 1860) 45 Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (L)Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (L)

Family: SphyraenidaeSphyraena guachancho Cuvier, 1829 Nybelinia sp. (L)

Family: StromateidaePeprilus burti Fowler, 1944 Otobothrium cysticum (L)Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758) 46 Otobothrium cysticum (L)

Family: XiphiidaeIstiophorus albicans (Latreille, 1804) Bothriocephalus manubrius (A)

Jensen ~ 521


(continued)


Order: PleuronectiformesFamily: Paralichthyidae

Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884 Otobothrium cysticum (L)Class: MammaliaOrder: CetaceaFamily: Delphinidae

Feresa attenuata Gray, 1874 Tetrabothrius forsteri (A), Tetraphyllidea (L), Trigonocotyle sexitesticulae (A)Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) Phyllobothrium delphini (L)Steno bredanensis (G. Cuvier in Lesson, 1828) Tetrabothrius forsteri (A), Tetraphyllidea (L)

Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum (A)

1 As Anadara ovalis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).2 As Modiolus modiolus squamosus (see Turgeon et al. this volume).3 As Chlamys sentis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).4 As Periploma inequale (see Turgeon et al. this volume).5 As Pseudochama radians (see Turgeon et al. this volume).6 As Pseudomiltha floridana (see Turgeon et al. this volume).7 As Mactra fragilis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).8 As Spisula solidissima raveneli (see Turgeon et al. this volume).9 One record as Spisula solidissima (see Turgeon et al. this volume).10 As Tellina versicolor (see Turgeon et al. this volume).11 Not listed in Turgeon et al. (this volume).12 As Mercenaria campechiensis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).13 Crepidula plana is considered not to occur in the Gulf of Mexico, and the name might refer to either C. atrasolea or C. depressa (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).14 As Polinices duplicatus (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).15 As Murex pomum (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).16 As Murex fulvescens (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).17 Both, Chicoreus dilectus and Chicoreus florifer, are listed as separate species in Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García (this volume).18 As Thais haemastoma canaliculata (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).19 As Fasciolaria lilium hunteria (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).20 As Pleuroploca gigantea (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).21 As Busycon contrarium (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).22 As Busycon spiratum pyruloides (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).23 Members of the genus Callianassa do not occur in America (see Manning and Felder, 1991, Revision of the American Callianassidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea), Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104(4): 764–792) and thus, this host is likely to represent a member of another genus.24 As Mithrax sculptus (see McLaughlin et al. 2005).25 Ward (1962: 155) reported an unidentified trypanorhynchan larva from “Penaeus fluviatilis Say (white shrimp)”; Penaeus fluviatilis Say, 1818, is considered to be a synonym of Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767), the white shrimp (see Pérez Farfante, 1969, Western Atlantic shrimps of the genus Penaeus, Fishery Bulletin 67(3): 461–591).26 One record as Trachypenaeus (Trachysalambria) constrictus (see McLaughlin et al. 2005).27 As Trachysalambria similis (see McLaughlin et al. 2005).28 As Carcharhinus lamia (see Compagno 1984).29 Carcharhinus commersonii is considered a synonym of Carcharhinus melanopterus (see, e.g., Compagno 1984, Eschmeyer 1998), a species not known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico (see McEachran this volume).30 This is a misapplied name, probably referring to Carcharhinus plumbeus (see Compagno 1984).31 According to, for example, McEachran (this volume) and Compagno (1984), Sphyrna tudes is not known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.32 According to, for example, McEachran (this volume) and Compagno (1984), Sphyrna zygaena is not known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.33 Although this species is listed in McEachran and Fechhelm (1998), McEachran (this volume) does not consider Narcine brasiliensis to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.34 As Bagre bahiensis (see McEachran this volume).



35 As Chlorophthalmus truculentus (see McEachran this volume).36 McEachran (this volume) does not consider Coelorinchus carminatus to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.37 As Ventrifossa occidentalis (see McEachran this volume).38 As Ventrifossa atlantica (see McEachran this volume).39 McEachran (this volume) does not consider Merluccius bilinearis to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.40 As Atherina laticeps.41 McEachran (this volume) does not consider Menidia menidia to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.42 As Tylosurus raphidoma and Strongylura raphidoma (see McEachran this volume).43 Probably referring to Lutjanus campechanus; see Moura and Lindeman (2007) for taxonomic status of Lutjanus aya and Bodianus aya.44 As Pomatomus saltator in some records (see McEachran this volume).45 As Mycteroperca falcata (see McEachran this volume).46 As Peprilus alepidotus (see McEachran this volume).

Documents

Cestoda (Platyheminthes) of the Gulf of Mexico