Certosa di Pontignano, Siena26th- 30th June 2007

Denise MiliziaUniversity of Barid.milizia@scienzepolitiche.uniba.it

 

Keywords in political discourse and phrases

cut and run

Keywords in political discourse and phrases

cut and runsee eye to eye

Keywords in political discourse and phrases

cut and runsee eye to eye

connect the dotssend our men and women into harm’s waythat is not going to happen on my watchstand shoulder-to-shoulder, side-by-side

climate changethe issue of climate change

the challenge of climate changewar on terror

fight against terrorismlocal control of schools

failing schoolsunderperforming schools

2001 2007

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1 million words

2.5 million words

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Three claims can be made (Scott 2006):

1.The choice of the reference corpus will affect the results

2. The features which are similar in the reference corpus and in the node corpus will not surface in the comparison

3. Only features where there is a significant departure from the reference corpus norm will become prominent for inspection

% Blair %Bush

CLIMATE 0.05 85*TERRORISM 0.08 0.02SCHOOLS 0.10 0.03

The asterisk on 85 next to the word CLIMATE shows actual occurrences, not percentages: the number was too small to show any significance as percentages in the five-million word corpus.

N Concordance1 have got to move forward and create actions here in California. So in April my Climate Action team issued a report based on six months of studies and hearings 2 of something, you have all seen a copy of the statement from the new Corporate Climate Alliance, so I think this is the beginning of a positive dialogue. Im 3 it is not necessarily related to democratisation but more related to investment climate and business opportunities and whether or not these investments will be 4 n he said just a moment or two ago the investment will come if people think the climate and framework is there for it. And the changes that you are making acros 5 of being able to reduce emissions, which is what we need to do, and protect the climate. And I think the fact that so many countries are worried about energy se 6 d I want to thank the Governor and the Prime Minister for being leaders both in climate and in energy. And I also want to thank the Climate Group for taking the 7 l dialogue we have been having impacts favourably and positively the investment climate and trade between the two countries, and the fact that the United Kingdo 8 igrants claiming asylum. Do you believe such action is justified in the current climate, and would that be a policy that you might be interested in exploring? 9 change so that we say, right this is what we think we have got to stabilise the climate at, in order to make sure that we deal with climate change, the importan

10 ow you will forgive me for saying, and asking, is the government in the current climate back-peddling on that commitment to begin to introduce contestability th 11 iously at the level of climate change and Africa being important because if the climate carries on changing then the situation in Africa will become so much har 12 Prime Minister: 'Concerted international effort' necessary to fight climate change 24 February 2003 Prime Minister Tony Blair has said a broad com 13 economies. The aim was to get consensus that we needed urgent action to address climate change - a consensus lacking up to then - to agree on at least some prac 14 e I know the Germans now - following what we did in 2005 - want in 2007 to make climate change a major question for their presidency of the G8 countries. 15 uth Africa, despite its title, climate change was not on the agenda. By making climate change a priority for Gleneagles I wanted to re-start a more meaningful, 16 in Mexico should continue. With the support of this fund, the first State-level climate change action plan is about to be implemented in Mexico. We agree to st 17 cts, in particular, can be random and savage. So just take these three issues: climate change; Africa and world trade. Work out what is at stake: the future of 18 my job, you have to be. It is true that each of the three issues - world trade, climate change, Africa - that have dominated Davos, hangs in the balance. But on 19 ates were at loggerheads simply about whether we could even talk about tackling climate change after 2012 when the first stage of Kyoto expires. In fact it is a 20 preference. How we get a sensible, balanced but effective framework to tackle climate change after the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012 should be an American pr 21 even graciously into a different role.  We become leaders in the fight against climate change, against global poverty, for peace and reconciliation; and leave 22 even graciously into a different role.  We become leaders in the fight against climate change, against global poverty, for peace and reconciliation; and leave 23 s decentralised model and have established a new municipal company - the London Climate Change Agency - to achieve it. Decentralised energy is undoubtedly the w 24 as I say, it is just a completely unrealistic debate to say that you can have a climate change agreement that doesn't involve China, and then America obviously, 25 nflicts that can afflict us; a stable world economy; free trade; action against climate change; aid and development. Jack set them out clearly yesterday. The qu 26 rica, making sure that we get the right results on world trade, global poverty, climate change, all of these are issues where Britain and Australia have much in 27 s alike. And the benefits of international co-operation go beyond trade. Take climate change, an issue that knows no borders. The only effective response is g 28 n and Iraq; MEPP stalled and slid back; disagreement over the Kyoto Protocol on climate change; and a feeling of helplessness as we watch the continent of Afric 29 etween these issues.  You see I think there is a link obviously at the level of climate change and Africa being important because if the climate carries on chan 30 as to make sure that we get a good agreement at the G8 in July on the issues of climate change and Africa, which are the two principal issues, along with the Mi 31 th and fifth are the two issues we have set aside for our Presidency of the G8: climate change and Africa. Why do it? Not just because they matter. But becaus 32 issues that have got to do with energy, energy security, energy sustainability, climate change, and again with regard to this, it is a progressive view that we 33 vate sector to invest in innovative energy projects abroad, it will help tackle climate change and allow British business to seize new opportunities. The Office 34 could be, why is it so important to keep the door open, is it security supply, climate change? And also, without pre-empting the final decision, the nuclear in 35 e can do personally. This country leads the world both in terms of the issue of climate change and also of course meeting our Kyoto targets on the reduction of 36 tremendous opportunity because people know today that we have both the issue of climate change and also the concerns over energy security, meaning that this is 37 ve all been coming round the common subject of our concern over how do we solve climate change and deliver a clean energy future. There was a tremendous, if yo 38 n the achievements over the last year as you have outlined on energy policy and climate change and deregulation, is it a matter of regret for you now that the G 39 ase trade for all, especially the poorest nations. We are leading the debate on climate change and developing pan-European policies to tackle it. Thanks to Xavi 40 convicting the criminal gangs who menace us.  3.  Energy.  Both for reasons of climate change and energy security, the informal summit of EU heads at Hampton C 41 convicting the criminal gangs who menace us.  3.  Energy.  Both for reasons of climate change and energy security, the informal summit of EU heads at Hampton C 42 h before the summer break, the Energy Review. Essentially the twin pressures of climate change and energy security are raising energy policy to the top of the a 43 ment were not pushed forward and assisted. Likewise, it could be jeopardised by climate change and environmental issues, and we will endorse the objectives set 44 ll the subjects that Prime Minister Blair has taken on clear leadership such as climate change and environmental issues. I am very happy to have had this opport 45 anyway, but we will wait and see how other people view it. Question: Back to climate change and future energy policy. I know you haven't made any decisions a

269 example, Stop Climate Chaos and the whole climate change debate, but these are organisations that 273 about this at first.  We also introduced the climate change levy which was an issue for a lot of 274 of personal responsibility and taking a lead on climate change is a difficult one politically isn't it.  275 and we should never give up on making it. PM's climate change interview with Sky Read the transcript 276 put them alongside the stuff we're doing in the climate change review and the incentives we're giving to 277 I mean the fact is, when we introduced the climate change levy that meant that the heavy industrial 278 described the long term costs of not tackling climate change had an impact around the world. Everywhere 279 together on the issue of the environment and climate change where Mexico's leadership will be very 280 doesn't finish, of course it will go on. But on climate change particularly, what Chancellor Merkel has 281 they have indicated they wish the issue of Climate Change to be a major part of their Presidency. 282 - whether, for example, it's how we tackle climate change, provide affordable and sustainable 283 to deliver greater energy security and action on climate change, and this forms an increasing part of 284 working closely with Germany's G8 Presidency on Climate Change because they have indicated they wish the 285 give for people and business to take action on climate change, I think there is now a complete synergy • few weeks when we publish the details of the Climate Change Bill, is I know David Miliband is working 287 you look at the issues to do for example with climate change or the Middle East, we are in a situation, 288 both in the Energy White Paper coming up and the Climate Change Bill that we will be dealing with next 289 for instance in sustainable development, in climate change and things that are to do with governance 290 year as you have outlined on energy policy and climate change and deregulation, is it a matter of regret 291 welfare reform.  In February details of the Climate Change measures in the Climate Change Bill, new 292 on the G8 process as well and the issue of climate change. And I think here that we have a 293 Our two countries attribute great importance to climate change and sustainable development, as well a 294 Blair has taken on clear leadership such as climate change and environmental issues. I am very happy 295 people know today that we have both the issue of climate change and also the concerns over energy 296 that you would like to make progress on, from climate change to the Middle East, but you only have a 297 clear from all the scientific evidence that the climate is changing, and I don't think there are many 298 Poverty History was an interesting example, Stop Climate Chaos and the whole climate change debate, but 299 to win the argument for the Euro in such a climate. When do you expect this will change, that you 300 ago the investment will come if people think the climate and framework is there for it. And the changes 301 to 100 years arising from predicted changes in climate. Here the predictive capability of the science 302 delivered a speech on Climate Change at the Climate Change and Governance Conference in New Zealand. 303 details of the Climate Change measures in the Climate Change Bill, new licensing conditions for nuclear 304 of both programmes for change in Africa and for climate change, but I think it also depends on something 305 third area is climate change. Now in respect of climate change there are a number of targets that Europe 306 California Climate Change Centre said that our climate change cause can actually add $60 billion to our 307 of climate change and poverty. You talk about climate change in terms of being a long term threat for 308 climate change was not on the agenda. By making climate change a priority for Gleneagles I wanted to 309 the huge changes that environmental concerns and climate change bring.  We have now just done a deal with 310 climate change initiative here at the US Mayors' Climate Protection initiative. That action, committing 311 change in energy policy and in policy towards climate change. And incidentally it ties in perfectly, in 312 change and Africa being important because if the climate carries on changing then the situation in Africa

87 of affordability of energy, to address these climate changes with regard to that. So we discussed a 99 balances, a fallout from which is likely to be climate changes which will have very major repercussions 180 out of this struggle than we can opt out of the climate changing around us.  Inaction, pushing the

269 example, Stop Climate Chaos and the whole climate change debate, but these are organisations that 273 about this at first.  We also introduced the climate change levy which was an issue for a lot of 274 of personal responsibility and taking a lead on climate change is a difficult one politically isn't it.  275 and we should never give up on making it. PM's climate change interview with Sky Read the transcript 276 put them alongside the stuff we're doing in the climate change review and the incentives we're giving to 277 I mean the fact is, when we introduced the climate change levy that meant that the heavy industrial 278 described the long term costs of not tackling climate change had an impact around the world. Everywhere 279 together on the issue of the environment and climate change where Mexico's leadership will be very 280 doesn't finish, of course it will go on. But on climate change particularly, what Chancellor Merkel has 281 they have indicated they wish the issue of Climate Change to be a major part of their Presidency. 282 - whether, for example, it's how we tackle climate change, provide affordable and sustainable 283 to deliver greater energy security and action on climate change, and this forms an increasing part of 284 working closely with Germany's G8 Presidency on Climate Change because they have indicated they wish the 285 give for people and business to take action on climate change, I think there is now a complete synergy • few weeks when we publish the details of the Climate Change Bill, is I know David Miliband is working 287 you look at the issues to do for example with climate change or the Middle East, we are in a situation, 288 both in the Energy White Paper coming up and the Climate Change Bill that we will be dealing with next 289 for instance in sustainable development, in climate change and things that are to do with governance 290 year as you have outlined on energy policy and climate change and deregulation, is it a matter of regret 291 welfare reform.  In February details of the Climate Change measures in the Climate Change Bill, new 292 on the G8 process as well and the issue of climate change. And I think here that we have a 293 Our two countries attribute great importance to climate change and sustainable development, as well a 294 Blair has taken on clear leadership such as climate change and environmental issues. I am very happy 295 people know today that we have both the issue of climate change and also the concerns over energy 296 that you would like to make progress on, from climate change to the Middle East, but you only have a 297 clear from all the scientific evidence that the climate is changing, and I don't think there are many 298 Poverty History was an interesting example, Stop Climate Chaos and the whole climate change debate, but 299 to win the argument for the Euro in such a climate. When do you expect this will change, that you 300 ago the investment will come if people think the climate and framework is there for it. And the changes 301 to 100 years arising from predicted changes in climate. Here the predictive capability of the science 302 delivered a speech on Climate Change at the Climate Change and Governance Conference in New Zealand. 303 details of the Climate Change measures in the Climate Change Bill, new licensing conditions for nuclear 304 of both programmes for change in Africa and for climate change, but I think it also depends on something 305 third area is climate change. Now in respect of climate change there are a number of targets that Europe 306 California Climate Change Centre said that our climate change cause can actually add $60 billion to our 307 of climate change and poverty. You talk about climate change in terms of being a long term threat for 308 climate change was not on the agenda. By making climate change a priority for Gleneagles I wanted to 309 the huge changes that environmental concerns and climate change bring.  We have now just done a deal with 310 climate change initiative here at the US Mayors' Climate Protection initiative. That action, committing 311 change in energy policy and in policy towards climate change. And incidentally it ties in perfectly, in •change and Africa being important because if the climate carries on changing then the situation in Africa • had on warming. We do not know how much the climate could, or will change in the future. We do not know how• to affect the climate as it is today, but the changes to that will be very minor.

87 of affordability of energy, to address these climate changes with regard to that. So we discussed a 99 balances, a fallout from which is likely to be climate changes which will have very major repercussions 180 out of this struggle than we can opt out of the climate changing around us.  Inaction, pushing the

had to be defeated. Climate change is not an evil, it is not a conscious force, it is

oups. Climate change, whose existence and damage can surely no longer be a subject of serious framework on the basis that we accept climate change is a problem and we want to incentivise with a common problem here, we accept climate change is a problem, we have got to find a way through to h elp combat the long-term problem of climate change. It is crucial that we tackle this, but in ways

an agreement as to the basic science on climate change and the threat it poses. Such an agreement would the case, to the US and to others, that climate change is a serious threat that we must address change and poverty. You talk about climate change in terms of being a long term threat for us all, threat that faces human civilisation is climate change. There is no longer any serious scientific in the world today on the threat that climate change poses to our environment and our planet. There We must focus on the threat of climate change, now made all the more acute by anxiety over to help combat the long-term problem of climate change. It is crucial that we tackle this, but in ways security if the planet is ravaged by climate change. Yet we know we cannot wait to tackle terrorism and the science necessary to tackle climate change. Now I think within the G8 Plus Five dialogue, eliminate poverty in Africa and tackle climate change.  However, the fact is we have a framework in of the world hope that we can tackle climate change. Finally I am sure that there will be many but effective framework to tackle climate change after the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012 should hether, for example, it's how we tackle climate change, provide affordable and sustainable pensions or 12.5%. This was a spur for action - the climate change levy; the first economy-wide national greenhouse nd we found this when we introduced the climate change levy in the UK, which is one reason why we are in - are going to be doing this climate change levy but the rest of Europe isn't, so you are case, I mean we have done this with the climate change levy, saying that you want to encourage we have announced more measures on the climate change levy, more measures in for example building use the renewables, in things like the climate change levy on some of the major industrial users, you in the UK something called the climate change levy, which is a levy on the heavy industrial I was mentioning earlier, there is the climate change levy. Question: Could you tell us a little more Well for example in relation to the climate change levy, that is something that goes on business, this at first.  We also introduced the climate change levy which was an issue for a lot of business, ean the fact is, when we introduced the climate change levy that meant that the heavy industrial users a real impact on tackling the menace of climate change then we have to go far further. And I don't this struggle than we can opt out of the climate changing around us.  Inaction, pushing the

to take on the great enemy that is climate change.  What is in it though practically for Britain just so concerned about the effects of climate change and global warming that I think people are now of our concern over how do we solve climate change and deliver a clean energy future. There was a who never before were concerned about climate change realise we have to use less oil anyway because that 78% of people are concerned about climate change. But people are confused about what they can do. hanges that environmental concerns and climate change bring.  We have now just done a deal with EDF - today that we have both the issue of climate change and also the concerns over energy security, first item we addressed was energy and climate change. The British and ourselves are deeply concerned

1 Change because they have indicated they wish the issue of Climate Change to be a major part of their 2 climate change, poverty and renewable energy - issues on which we also agreed to cooperate closely. 3 climate change. But we have in both those huge issues facing us the possibility of making a real 4 climate change. The trouble with long-term issues is that they seldom fit political time-scales. 5 on climate change the other day, this is the issue that is now being driven right across the world 6 poverty; climate change and world trade: the issues are too vast, the interdependence between us too 7 problems of climate change. And on a domestic issue that has picked up while you have been here, your 8 jeopardised by climate change and environmental issues, and we will endorse the objectives set by 9 introduced the climate change levy which was an issue for a lot of business, but actually what has 10 such as climate change and environmental issues. I am very happy to have had this opportunity to 11 global poverty, climate change, all of these are issues where Britain and Australia have much in common 12 today. Africa and climate change are two such issues that cry out for such an approach. We made 13 didn't. Clearly the climate change thing is an issue which has arrived since Brandt and that is a new 14 Minister. Obviously climate change is a major issue for my generation and the next, therefore I was 15 we need to lead the way. Climate change is an issue where charity very much begins at home. So should 16 Middle East, global poverty, climate change, the issues to do with, if you like, the concerns of other 17 with the issues to do with climate change, the issues in other words that are issues that aren't 18 with the issues to do with climate change, the issues in other words that are issues that aren't 19 Minister Blair has given on the climate change issues, including being prepared to put time into the 20 and you can't resolve the climate change issue without the involvement of the United States and 21 also saw eye to eye that on the Iranian nuclear issue, climate change, development assistance and the 22 be random and savage. So just take these three issues: climate change; Africa and world trade. Work 23 and he will speak directly to you on the issue of climate change. We warmly thank him for his 24 especially in Africa, and then in respect of the issue of climate change where we had a very full and 25 whether it is on Aids, or on Africa, or on this issue of climate change, he is still providing the 26 country leads the world both in terms of the issue of climate change and also of course meeting our 27 about security and cost of supply, and also the issue of climate change.  Now I think in the end 28 because people know today that we have both the issue of climate change and also the concerns over 29 don't always need to carry on getting worse. The issue of climate change is now very, very critical 30 in there.  Look first of all just on the issue of climate change and what we can do personally, 31 particularly on the G8 process as well and the issue of climate change. And I think here that we have 32 where our troops work together, or the G8 issues of climate change in Africa, we work on the same 33 has done a tremendous amount in addressing issues of climate change. To remain competitive, 34 thank you very much for linking the two issues of climate change and poverty. You talk about 35 global institutions are essential to deal with issues of climate change and sustainable development. 36 need this multilateral system to address these issues of climate change and so on, as well as looking 37 point for example on us having a dialogue on an issue like climate change, which is going to have an 38 only from words turned into deeds. So take these issues: Africa, climate change, world trade. Imagine 39 causes. We should also be dealing with the issues to do with climate change, the issues in other 40 European grid, research and development on issues to do with climate change and of course using 41 causes. We should also be dealing with the issues to do with climate change, the issues in other 42 including some of the challenging and difficult issues to do with climate change, world trade and 43 destruction. We all need to work together on issues to do with climate change. We all need to make 44 economic growth in Europe. We discussed the issues to do with climate change and Kyoto. We are both 45 say than any other international leader on this issue. He has put climate change at the heart of the G8 46 have to be. It is true that each of the three issues - world trade, climate change, Africa - that 47 it was very nicely done.  And I think that the issues incidentally of climate change and global 48 to supply more than 30% of their water. These issues, and the challenge of climate change, cannot be 49 have agreed to work very closely together on the issue of the environment and climate change where 50 simple answer. But I think when you look at the issues to do for example with climate change or the 51 in terms of the long term future there is no issue that is more important than climate change. And I 52 it. Tomorrow we will obviously be talking about issues to do with the environment and climate change,

1 issues facing us in the world today. Africa and climate change are two such issues that cry out for such 2 issue is approached through energy security or climate change, the fact is we need a framework, 3 two issues for us: one is Africa, the other is climate change. Now I think it is important that we take 4 about issues to do with the environment and climate change, where New Zealand has a special 5 there is no issue that is more important than climate change. And I suppose my top line of thought on 6 you look at the issues to do for example with climate change or the Middle East, we are in a situation, 7 together on the issue of the environment and climate change where Mexico's leadership will be very 8 their water. These issues, and the challenge of climate change, cannot be handled in national isolation. 9 And I think that the issues incidentally of climate change and global poverty are linked very 10 that each of the three issues - world trade, climate change, Africa - that have dominated Davos, hangs 11 in Europe. We discussed the issues to do with climate change and Kyoto. We are both very strongly in 12 all need to work together on issues to do with climate change. We all need to make sure that the world 13 also be dealing with the issues to do with climate change, the issues in other words that are issues 14 international leader on this issue. He has put climate change at the heart of the G8 agenda, invited in 15 the challenging and difficult issues to do with climate change, world trade and poverty. So once again, 16 also be dealing with the issues to do with climate change, the issues in other words that are issues 17 research and development on issues to do with climate change and of course using the collective 18 turned into deeds. So take these issues: Africa, climate change, world trade. Imagine over the coming 19 example on us having a dialogue on an issue like climate change, which is going to have an impact over the 20 you very much for linking the two issues of climate change and poverty. You talk about climate change 21 multilateral system to address these issues of climate change and so on, as well as looking at all sorts 22 our troops work together, or the G8 issues of climate change in Africa, we work on the same line. The 23 are essential to deal with issues of climate change and sustainable development. In a speech 24 done a tremendous amount in addressing issues of climate change. To remain competitive, however, 25 leads the world both in terms of the issue of climate change and also of course meeting our Kyoto 26 and cost of supply, and also the issue of climate change. Now I think in the end everything will 27 on the G8 process as well and the issue of climate change. And I think here that we have a 28 people know today that we have both the issue of climate change and also the concerns over energy 29 there. Look first of all just on the issue of climate change and what we can do personally, there is a 30 in Africa, and then in respect of the issue of climate change where we had a very full and interesting 31 he will speak directly to you on the issue of climate change. We warmly thank him for his 32 they have indicated they wish the issue of Climate Change to be a major part of their Presidency. 33 it is on Aids, or on Africa, or on this issue of climate change, he is still providing the leadership that 34 need to carry on getting worse. The issue of climate change is now very, very critical indeed. Let me 35 and savage. So just take these three issues: climate change; Africa and world trade. Work out what is 36 eye to eye that on the Iranian nuclear issue, climate change, development assistance and the Middle 37 that Prime Minister Blair has given on the climate change issues, including being prepared to put 38 as complementary, and you can't resolve the climate change issue without the involvement of the 39 to that then the Middle East, global poverty, climate change, the issues to do with, if you like, the 40 still, and therefore we need to lead the way. Climate change is an issue where charity very much begins 41 Question: Good Morning Prime Minister. Obviously climate change is a major issue for my generation and the 42 might have done but perhaps didn't. Clearly the climate change thing is an issue which has arrived since 43 right results on world trade, global poverty, climate change, all of these are issues where Britain and 44 Blair has taken on clear leadership such as climate change and environmental issues. I am very happy 45 assisted. Likewise, it could be jeopardised by climate change and environmental issues, and we will 46 about this at first. We also introduced the climate change levy which was an issue for a lot of 47 there is a cost-free solution to the problems of climate change. And on a domestic issue that has picked 48 and WMD; MEPP; HIV/AIDS; global poverty; climate change and world trade: the issues are too vast, 49 power. Also, when I met the business leaders on climate change the other day, this is the issue that is 50 environmental degradation, most particularly climate change. The trouble with long-term issues is that 51 Prime Minister Blair and I also discussed climate change, poverty and renewable energy - issues on 52 every country if we are to end poverty and stop climate change. But we have in both those huge issues 53 is. And it would be a bit odd if you didn't say climate change was. I'm afraid I don't create the issues,

Both positional and constituency variants are found

1 stronger on the challenges of poverty, climate change and trade justice.  I have no doubt at all it is 2 stronger on the challenges of poverty, climate change and trade justice.  I have no doubt at all it is 3 confront and overcome the challenge of climate change; and that above all can show us not that we can 4 world - facing up to the challenge of climate change. Kyoto is right and it should be ratified by all 5 These issues, and the challenge of climate change, cannot be handled in national isolation. They 6 stance to deal with the challenge of climate change. Last year in the context of the WTO 7 the world, and that is the challenge of climate change. I think myself and the President are both 8 fact is when we look at the challenge of climate change, yes it is important that Britain has 9 greatest environmental challenge: climate change. Our effect on the environment, and in 10 do so firmly in the belief that tackling climate change or other environmental challenges need not limit 11 scientists and engineers. Meanwhile, climate change presents one of the greatest challenges. Science 12 the livelihoods of poor people. Climate change is one of the key environmental challenges we 13 of our energy supply. And in respect of climate change I would say there is no greater challenge that

1 the challenge that we face in global climate change. Everybody from the Vice President, the

1 agree on the Kyoto Treaty, but we do agree that climate change is a serious issue and we must work 2 to addressing the important issues of global climate change. This is an issue that I know is 3 issue and we must work together. We agree that climate change requires a global response, and agree to 4 our air, and we must address the issue of global climate change. We must also act in a serious and 5 in every part of our world. The issue of climate change respects no border. Its effects cannot be 6 committed to a leadership role on the issue of climate change. We recognize our responsibility and 7 obviously, missile defense, the issue of climate change, and a good discussion on Macedonia,

1 we need to take further the change in Britain's schools. Trust schools and City Academies build on the 2 want? Tony Blair: Of course it is open to any school to get trust status once the Bill goes through, 3 them. There is going to be no hurdle to a school becoming a trust school, it is up to the school 4 where in fact what we will end up with is some schools will be in trust and some schools won't, and it 5 make some kind of effort to involve governors of schools to invite a trust on board. I was wondering Mr 6 constituency where the high performing Hurworth School is exploring trust status, perhaps as a means to 7 But actually having first class pilot schools operating as trust schools to show what can be 8 and the Open University and the specialist schools and academies trust to create a trust schools 9 voluntary and foundation ones in Lancashire. If schools wish to pursue trust status, that would add to 10 just a technical one first of all. You said more schools free to set up trusts. I thought your idea was 11 we will reach, or there is a certain number of schools that will become trust schools. What we can say 12 well underway. In time to come, every secondary school is likely to be a trust or academy school. It 13 people saying that the way forward is several schools together going to trust. Couldn't you at a 14 schools, do better, that is why we want more schools to be free to set up trusts if they want to 15 to make that happen? So there will be some schools out there asking for trusts, and some local 16 standards from their children. Nearly all our schools are run via a charitable trust. The Heads are 17 course the ultimate safeguard here is that these schools have to choose to adopt a trust, there is no 18 reality and put the framework in legislation; in schools to get a critical mass of Trust Schools and City 19 they use it? If you look for example at the schools today, City Academies, the Trust Schools, will 20 sector and entrepreneurs into the running of schools, they have greater freedom. Trust Schools will 21 When we first said in relation to specialist schools, which were the forerunners of Trust Schools and 22 permissive, not instructive. So therefore if a school then wants to develop their own trust just for 23 will see some local authorities that say to the schools as groups, you know what sort of trust might 24 proposals mis-described the whole time as if schools are going to be forced to set up a trust. It is 25 are there for city academies and specialist schools. So in relation to self-governing trusts, the 26 effectively the governance in our community schools. Question: So you wouldn't need another trust 27 with St Paul's School and St Paul's Girls School. We still control through the charitable trust 28 different way, you have city academies and trust schools. In relation for example to the national 29 and explore within the framework of the trust school model to come up with a model that we can use to 30 will work with them if they want to become trust schools, but will be equally happy to continue working 31 informal and formal support. Now as far as trust schools are concerned, we know that once you are part of 32 putting a pitch in through a foundation, a trust school where we with our business expertise about 33 the move, and I certainly doubt that a trust school will be set up on its own, the benefit will come 34 These benefits should accrue to other trust schools. Education is a long term business and it costs 35 though, there is no more money in it for trust schools, is there? Prime Minister: Specialist schools 36 first class pilot schools operating as trust schools to show what can be done with these various 37 parents who will take advantage of the trust school situation, and are there any no-go areas, for 65 situations. But there is no obstacle to a trust school becoming a trust school, they can decide to do 66 at the schools today, City Academies, the Trust Schools, will be able to do the same. Sometimes yes, a 67 health; secondly in education in terms of trust schools and academies, which you have pushed yourself; 68 announcement of the first 100 Pathfinder Trust Schools and details also of the doubling of the City 69 in legislation either. However, the trust schools will have exactly the freedoms that we have set 70 of schools, they have greater freedom. Trust Schools will also allow greater partnerships with the 71 legal reasons need to mention the words “trust school”. It is exactly the same for specialist schools, 72 us to explore federations, foundations, trust schools, and one is now in business between Thomas 73 I first went through both the Academy and Trust School reforms and reforms to University finance, the 74 Academies and, in the near future, the new Trust schools, we've brought institutional diversity to the 75 with is some schools will be in trust and some schools won't, and it is not entirely clear how many 76 school is likely to be a trust or academy school. It will be the norm for schools to have outside 77 new opportunities provided by Trust Schools and School Federations are taken up widely. But, just as we 78 task of the Learning Trust, it is to raise school standards, and it really is achieving that. In 79 already has its own trust, and foundation schools have sort of similar powers to the ones that the 80 schools and academies trust to create a trust schools pathfinder there to really try and explore 81 from Hackney, there are trusts there, specialist schools can already include external partners. Can you 82 is potential for trusts involving groups of schools, but this would need to be in the context of 83 school becoming a trust school, it is up to the school to decide. It is very important to realise that, 84 as well, but the trust comes into being by the school deciding that that is what it wants to do. Now 85 no obstacle to a trust school becoming a trust school, they can decide to do that. Question: Prime 86 or part of trusts. Prime Minister: Yes, all schools. Question: So that wasn't a U-turn or a 87 clear how many trusts there will be and how many schools will want to do it. Prime Minister: Look, there 88 to set up a trust. It is a permission, but all schools will have this ability, yes. Question: And just 89 that trusts can only consist of two or more schools? Prime Minister: I think that is a very good 90 set up trusts. I thought your idea was that all schools would be trusts or part of trusts. Prime 91 trust schools. Mr. Cameron: Good, so trust schools remain. That is important. That is clear. Let me 92 for trusts, and some local authorities going to schools and saying how can we improve standards, how can 93 trust that exists at the root of Thomas Telford School the governing body. All our schools strive for 94 Trust. At your first conference you had only 60 schools as members or affiliates. Today you have 1,800.

1 and output. On education, the primary school performance tables this week will highlight how 2 it has played a lead role in improving whole school performance through the teaching of sport. There 3 importantly though is the impact of specialist schools on performance. This is the incremental rise in 4 importantly though is the impact of specialist schools on performance. This is the incremental rise in 5 you compare schools with similar intakes, London schools now perform better than the national average in 6 in other words the same intake, the specialist schools out-performed the traditional comprehensives by 7 the sink schools sinking deeper and the better schools out-performing. What do you say to that? Tony 8 Sir John Cass Foundation. * The St Marylebone School of the Performing Arts in Westminster has 9 appropriate standards are maintained. And if a school is under-performing, the local authority will be 10 always looking to improve. We have more than 600 schools and they perform well for their pupils. 11 you see from today, specialist schools but also schools generally performing far better than they did 7 12 and intervening early and quickly where schools are under-performing or failing. So thank you 13 you see from today, specialist schools but also schools generally performing far better than they did 7 14 of getting through to the most difficult schools, to the under-performing schools, and bringing 15 a suitable education, they can be involved with schools that are under-performing, and it is very 16 in primary schools; specialist secondary schools, City Academies, performance pay: and in health 17 fastest improvement has been with some of the schools that were the worst performers a few years ago. 18 fastest improvement has been with some of the schools that were the worst performers a few years ago. 19 GCSEs. Now in some of the poorest areas, for the schools that have been worst performing, it is necessary 20 on some it is more modest than others. On school attendance, for example, performance is flat 21 school system, as you see from today, specialist schools but also schools generally performing far better 22 worked, if you take for example Thomas Telford School which took over the poorest performing school in 23 school system, as you see from today, specialist schools but also schools generally performing far better 24 the next four years - 50 entirely new secondary schools, all in areas of poor educational performance, 25 the rate of improvement. And among specialist schools with the most deprived intakes, the performance 26 of the national average. And if you compare schools with similar intakes, London schools now perform 27 seen how the sustained focus on low performing schools has delivered progress, and the specialist 28 seen how the sustained focus on low performing schools has delivered progress, and the specialist 29 most difficult schools, to the under-performing schools, and bringing in the additional skills, 30 is the reduction in the number of low performing schools. In 1997 there were 616 secondary schools where 31 standards in some of our most under-performing schools. Question: We have seen these companies today 32 to intervene and support under-performing schools far earlier than we can do now, where at the 33 is the reduction in the number of low performing schools. In 1997 there were 616 secondary schools where 34 School which took over the poorest performing school in Telford, the Madeley Court School, Madeley 35 constituency where the high performing Hurworth School is exploring trust status, perhaps as a means to 36 deprivation. Yet GCSE performance in specialist schools was this year eight percentage points higher 37 rise in GCSE performance of all secondary schools over the last 15 years. If we look at specialist 38 rise in GCSE performance of all secondary schools over the last 15 years. If we look at specialist 39 and key performance - big, big opportunity. A school senior management team, backed and underpinned by 40 performing school in Telford, the Madeley Court School, Madeley Court School used to have, for abo

1 school federation between a really successful school and a failing school, at the moment a local 2 in our schools, it is to make sure that the schools that are failing and not offering children the 3 their role is to organise and to deal with the schools that are failing, or with very poor standards, 4 standards, make good schools excellent, average schools good, and those failing give them a new lease 5 and intervening early and quickly where schools are under-performing or failing. So thank you 6 replacing some of the most difficult and failed schools in the entire country. The average proportion 7 between a really successful school and a failing school, at the moment a local authority could go in, 8 Paper, we also intervene decisively in failing schools. For the first time in 20 years Hackney has no 9 that? Paul Lawrence: Just if you are a failing school or in serious weakness, it might be that you 10 when that is required. Over 1,400 failing schools, for example, have been turned around and a 11 in and sort it out, and if it is failing the school will be under special measures and the local 12 failure, that is what they bring. A lot of these schools in the most appalling and difficult conditi 13 failure to invest in the basic infrastructure of schools, let alone school sport, led to a slow decli

1 to the British economy. When 7, 8, 10% of school leavers were going to university, not so 2 in the world have got over 50% of their school leavers going to university today; and secondly, 3 entrenched, despite a further raising of the school leaving age to 16 and successive changes to 4 when he was Prime Minister, round about 7% of school-leavers went to University, the figure today is 5 countries in terms of the qualifications of school leavers because our schools were 'failing to keep 6 of the 1930s. The Butler Act raised the school leaving age and provided universal secondary 7 the potential to be future leaders in London's schools, leave London as they enter leadership positions 8 pupils. Generally children entering our primary schools have below average attainment, those leaving our 9 More than one in ten of all pupils still leave school at 16 without achieving any grade at all in 10 and aspirations among those who used to leave school with virtually nothing. The needs of gifted and 11 this area. Six out of ten children in care leave school with no qualifications whatever - failing to 12 tax system. Why should someone who leaves school at 16 and then gets a skill and who is having to 13 means the majority of those kids are leaving school, which they usually do, aged 16 without 5 good 14 to 1998 84,000 more pupils leaving primary school this year can read and writebetter and 96,000 15 the qualifications of school leavers because our schools were 'failing to keep pace with those in other 16 average attainment, those leaving our secondary schools have attainment above the national average. This 17 leaving age to 16 and successive changes to school organisation. Strides were made in improving the

The fact that terrorism is a high-frequency word in Blair’s speechesbut is unusually frequent in Bush is seen as a

“symbolic guide to culture” (Sapir 1949),in that a word can be key in a text or in a given culture

at a given time in history, but not in language in general (cf. Stubbs 2001).

aboutgrams

(Sinclair 2007)

Phraseology is not fixed and, in political discourse in particular,

as has been observed by others (Cheng 2004), some phrases have a relatively short shelf life compared to others.

(Greaves & Warren 2007)

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