CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE PRACTICE PAPER I FIVE SIX...BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THREE types of large colon displacement that can cause clinical disease. 2. LIST SIX clinical signs that can occur

The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE PRACTICE

Tuesday 27 April 1999

PAPER I (3 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following SIX questions.

Approximately 35 minutes are available to answer each question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. While investigating a seven year old hunter gelding because of reported lethargy and

poor exercise performance, you find very pale mucous membranes. DISCUSS your investigation of this case.

2. An inexperienced horse owner, who hopes to breed from her ten year old Arab mare,

has sought your advice on pre-breeding examinations. DISCUSS the course of action that you would advise.

3. You are presented with a one-day old foal that is semi-conscious and recumbent.

DISCUSS the possible reasons for this presentation along with the emergency and supportive therapy that you would initiate while performing further investigations.

4. Write an essay on dysphagia in the horse. 5. DISCUSS the aetiopathogenesis of equine osteochondrosis. Describe any preventive

measures which might help to reduce the incidence of this disease and LIST the various predeliction sites in the horse.

6. DISCUSS the different techniques of colt castration and critically assess the possible

advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Within your answers describe and illustrate (in pen or ink) the relevant anatomy.

* * * * * *

The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons


Tuesday 27 April 1999

PAPER Il

(1½ hours)

Candidates are required to attempt ALL ten questions on this paper.

Approximately 9 minutes are available to answer each question. Write SHORT notes (you may use clear diagrams where applicable) to answer the following questions.

Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which

candidates intended to convey. 1. BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THREE types of large colon displacement that can cause

clinical disease. 2. LIST SIX clinical signs that can occur with guttural pouch mycosis. 3. BRIEFLY OUTLINE FIVE treatments that have been utilised in the attempted

treatment of idiopathic headshaking. 4. Using diagrams, illustrate (in pen or ink) the ultrasonographic anatomy of the

palmar pastern. 5. During a pre-purchase examination you discover a sarcoid-like lesion on the

girth area of a horse’s abdomen. What would you advise the potential purchaser?

6. What are a. Moxidectin b. Sodium mono-iodoacetate c. Omeprazole 7. What is a melting corneal ulcer? 8. OUTLINE the grounds under which euthanasia of a horse may be carried out in

order to satisfy the terms of “humane destruction cover” in an insurance policy. 9. BRIEFLY DISCUSS the technique and aims of electronic (microchip) identification

in horses. 10. Under what circumstances may a “Life Certificate” be issued to a horse or pony

under the rules of the Joint Measurement Board?

******************** ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS


TUESDAY 28 MARCH 2000

PAPER I

(3 hours)


Approximately 35 minutes are available to answer each question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. While conducting stage 3 of a pre-purchase examination on an eight-year-old

Thoroughbred-cross mare required for pre-novice eventing you identify a respiratory

noise. Describe your subsequent investigation, and discuss how the possible causes

of the noise may affect your client’s decision to proceed with the purchase.

2. A client requests you to examine a six-year-old gelding with diarrhoea of two days duration. Describe in detail how you would investigate and treat such a case.

3. Write an essay on septic arthritis in adult horses. Within your answer describe

your own approach to such cases. 4. You are called to see a broodmare early one morning. The mare has foaled during

the night and is now showing signs of colic. Describe how you would investigate such a case, the possible aetiologies and their respective treatments.

5. Detail how you monitor general anaesthesia in the horse. Describe the various

emergency situations that can occur during routine equine anaesthesia as well as in the immediate post-operative period. Describe how you would deal with each complication.

6. Describe the treatment and management options for a case of insect-bite dermal

hypersensitivity (“sweet itch”) in a pony.

* * * * * *

ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS


TUESDAY 28 MARCH 2000

PAPER Il

(1½ hours)


Approximately 9 minutes are available to answer each question.

Write SHORT notes (you may use clear diagrams where applicable) to answer the following questions.

Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may

result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.

1. Describe in note form the radiographic examination of a horse with caudal foot

pain. (Using diagrams if required). 2. Define the various levels of the cascade system (which arose from The Medicines

Regulations 1994). When is it legal for a veterinary surgeon to treat a horse with a product not carrying a UK licence for use in horses?

3. Write short notes on uroperitoneum in the foal. 4. List the times of eruption of all the temporary and permanent equine teeth. 5. Outline, together with your reasons, your approach to the timing of ultra-sound

scanning of mares for pregnancy. Briefly outline, how you would manage a twin pregnancy at day 17 of conception.

6. Write short notes on pleural effusion in the horse. 7. Write short notes on bicipital bursitis. 8. Write short notes on the various drugs available for gastric ulcer therapy. 9. Briefly outline how you would investigate a horse with polydipsia. List the

differential diagnoses.

10. What are the precise external anatomical landmarks for: a) Liver biopsy? b) Lumbo-sacral puncture? c) Bone marrow aspiration?

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WEDNESDAY 8 AUGUST 2001

PAPER I (3 hours)


Approximately 35 minutes are available to answer each question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. If insufficient time is available to answer a question fully, it will be acceptable to complete in note form.

1. How would you confirm a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and what treatment and control regimes would you instigate?

2. Write an essay on endotoxaemia. Describe its pathophysiology and briefly

review the treatment options available.

3. Write an essay on gastric ulceration in the adult horse.

4. What is cervical vertebral malformation? Describe in detail your clinical and neurological examination of such a case and any ancillary testing that you would employ to confirm a diagnosis.

5. You are presented with a horse which has just sustained a long, deep and

oblique laceration on the front of the hock. Describe in detail your approach to managing such an injury and describe the potential complications that could occur.

6. Write an essay on acute larval cyathostomiasis, highlighting the clinical and

pathological findings and treatment protocol.

_______________



WEDNESDAY 8 AUGUST 2001

PAPER II (1½ hours)


Approximately 9 minutes are available to answer each question.

Write SHORT notes (you may use clear diagrams where applicable) to answer the following questions. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.

1. Write short notes on the management of retained placenta in the mare.

2. List three groups of drugs that can be administered by sub-conjuctival injection. Give an example from each group with their dose rates and briefly describe your technique.

3. What is peripheral Cushing’s Disease? What tests would you perform to

differentiate it from adenoma of the distal part (pars distalis) of the pituitary gland?

4. Write short notes on colic in neonatal foals (0-4 days old).

5. What is neuroleptanalgesia? List two combinations of drugs which achieve

this effect.

6. Describe with the aid of diagrams the sites for trephination of:

a) the frontal sinus b) the caudal maxillary sinus c) the rostral maxillary sinus.

7. What are the current recommendations for swabbing horses after an outbreak

of strangles? What measures would you employ to control the spread of infection?

P.T.O. for Questions 8, 9 and 10

8. Write short notes on the management of acquired flexural deformities in foals.

9. Draw diagrams of:

a) An egg-bar shoe b) A heart-bar shoe c) A natural balance shoe

For each shoe describe its use and the criteria for fitting it. 10. What are the clinical signs of choke? Under what circumstances can it occur

and what treatments are available for this condition?

____________________



WEDNESDAY 31 JULY 2002 PAPER I (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Write short notes on the uses of Oxytocin in equine practice. 2. List FIVE differential diagnoses of excessive lacrimation in the horse and outline

how you would investigate it.

3. List SIX causes of abortion in mares in the United Kingdom. Indicate the advice you would give owners to minimise the risk of foetal loss.

4. Describe the possible clinical presentations of equine grass sickness and list the

pathological features? 5. List FOUR causes of epistaxis. How would you investigate such a case? 6. What are the symptoms of a. lead poisoning? b. oak poisoning? c. Botulism? 7. Write short notes on the investigation of the polydipsia/polyuria syndrome in the

horse.

P.T.O for questions 8, 9 and 10

8. List SIX neoplastic conditions that are encountered on the skin and mucous membranes of the equine head? Indicate an appropriate management protocol for one of these conditions.

9. Write short notes on the emergency management and transportation of a

suspected distal hind limb fracture. How would this differ if an upper forelimb fracture were present?

10. Write short notes on ‘shivering’.

_______________



WEDNESDAY 31 JULY 2002 PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. If insufficient time is available to answer a question fully, it will be acceptable to complete in note form. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. What is the pathophysiology of hepatic encephelopathy? Describe the clinical

signs that you would see with this condition and describe in detail your diagnostic approach and the therapeutic options that are available to you.

2. A three day Eventer is presented with recurrent rhabdomyolysis attacks. Describe

your approach to such a case including diagnostic, therapeutic and management protocols.

3. A 12 year old Throughbred gelding used for hacking is presented with progressive

weight loss over a three month period. Describe your diagnostic approach to this horse making reference to any likely differentials for this condition.

4. Taking into consideration recent research into the pathogenesis of laminitis, how

would you manage an uncomplicated case of this condition? What additional diagnostic proceedures would you undertake in the elderly laminitic?

5. Define dysphagia in the horse. With reference to a differential diagnosis, outline

your investigative protocol. Choose one of the common causes of equine dysphagia and indicate how you would manage it.

6. Describe the process of repair of a superficial flexor tendon ‘core’ lesion. Detail

your diagnostic protocol and management of this condition.

________________




Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Briefly describe the therapeutic options, including routes of administration,

available for the medical treatment of uveitis in the horse. 2. Write short notes on the treatment of peritonitis in the adult horse. 3. List FIVE causes of tarso-crural effusion and briefly describe how you would

differentiate between them. 4. You are performing a rectal examination on a horse with colic. Your rectal glove

has signs of fresh blood on it on withdrawal. What has probably happened and how would you deal with it?

5. Briefly describe a technique of bronchoalveolar lavage in the adult horse and the interpretation of laboratory analysis on the recovered sample. 6. Describe the various levels of the cascade system and how a product that is unlicensed in the United Kingdom may be obtained and legally used.

7. Write very brief notes on: a. Diastema b. Periodontal disease c. Smooth mouth d. Shear mouth.

P.T.O for questions 8, 9 and 10

8. Write brief notes on the use of the following nutraceuticals in equine practice:

a. Chondroitin +Glucosamine b. Devils claw c. Aloe vera.

9. For the following drugs, classify their type and give ONE example of use for each:

a. Metaclopramide b. Dobutamine c. Pergolide d. Atropine e. Cimetadine

10. With the aid of diagrams describe the life cycles of:

a. Parascaris equorum b. Strongyloides westeri c. Strongylus vulgaris

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WEDNESDAY 30 JULY 2003 PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Describe your approach to the investigation of a horse with suspected back pain,

including the clinical evaluation and any diagnostic procedures that you may consider appropriate.

2. Briefly describe the various presentations of lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) in the

horse. Describe in detail how you would investigate a suspected case of multi-centric lymphoma (lymphosarcoma).

3. How would you investigate a horse with a chronic unilateral nasal discharge? List

your differential diagnoses. 4. Two yearling colts have become recumbent on a large stud in April. Discuss your

diagnostic approach to this situation and describe the therapeutic and managerial practices that you would implement.

5. You are presented with a horse, from which the owner has just pulled a 10 cm

long nail from the palmar third of the frog. The nail has blood along its whole length. Discuss your investigation of this case and describe the possible treatment options and complications that may occur.

6. Write an essay on acquired flexural /contractural deformities. Discuss the current

theories on the aetio-pathogenesis of the condition and review the treatment options available.

_______________




Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________

1. How would you manage a mare with:

a. A uterine prolapse?

b. Mastitis?

2. Write short notes on cauda equine neuritis. List your differential diagnoses.

3. Describe how you would perform:

a. A tibial and fibular (peroneal) nerve block. How would you test the efficacy of the block?

b. Intra-articular analgesia of the tarsometatarsal joint?

c. Auriculopalpebral nerve block. In what situation would this form of regional anaesthesia be useful?

4. Outline your protocol for inseminating a mare with:

a. chilled semen

b. frozen semen.

P.T.O. for Questions 5, 6, 7, 8 9, and 10

5. List the differential diagnoses for dysuria in the adult horse.

6. Write notes on: ‘dummy’ foals.

7. Briefly outline your approach to a chronic foot abscess; list your differential diagnoses.

8. What is a stromal abscess? Briefly outline your treatment protocol.

9. How would you identify carriers of the strangles bacteria, Streptococcus equi?

10. What is vasculitis? List ONE infectious cause and ONE non-infectious cause.

_______________



WEDNESDAY 28 JULY 2004

PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. _____________________________________________________________________________

1. What does a positive palmar digital nerve block mean? How or what would you do, to further isolate the source of the foot pain? Draw the nervous innervation of the foot.

2. Describe your method of intra-articular analgesia of the stifle joints.

3. A four year-old thoroughbred gelding is presented to you with a history of poor performance. List your differential diagnoses. You have diagnosed that the horse has atrial fibrillation. Describe how you came to this diagnosis and how you would treat and manage a horse with this condition.

4. Discuss the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of fractures of the second and fourth metacarpal / metatarsal bones.

5. Discuss your approach to a case of diarrhoea in an adult horse. How would you approach a case of chronic diarrhoea in a geriatric pony?

6. What are the clinical signs of grass sickness? Discuss the recent developments in grass sickness research and outline the prospects for the development of an effective vaccination.

____________________




PAPER I (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Describe your technique of collection of a cerebrospinal fluid sample in a

standing horse. 2. Write notes on gastric ulceration.

3. Describe diagnosis, management and possible treatment of upward fixation of the patella.

4. Outline in bullet point form the rules for obtaining a FULL height certificate under the JMB scheme; how does this differ from FEI rules?

5. In table form, compare and contrast Halothane and Isoflurane.

6. Write notes on epiglottic entrapment.

7. In note form, describe your technique when collecting a muscle biopsy:

(a) using a biopsy needle and

(b) surgical technique.

P.T.O. for Questions 8, 9 and 10

8. Give FOUR possible causes for each of the following:

(a) Hyperkalaemia.

(b) Hypoalbuminaemia.

(c) Hypercalcaemia.

9. Describe in kg of dry matter a diet for the following:

(a) A pony suffering from acute laminitis, current weight 350kg, ideal

weight 300 kg.

(b) 500 kg hunter, worked 3 times a week, otherwise exercised daily, “good” body condition.

10. Your swab taken from a draining submandibular abscess has returned a pure growth of Streptococcus equi.

(a) What are the possible sequelae to the horse?

(b) List in note form control measures that you would recommend to a

small (5 horse) livery yard.

_______________




PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Describe the suspensory apparatus of the horse, then discuss in detail TWO

common conditions causing lameness in the horse when this apparatus fails. 2. You are called out to a large stud which has an outbreak of diarrhoea in a

number of its foals. List your differential diagnosis. Describe how you would come to a definitive diagnosis. How would you manage such an outbreak and what would be your treatment regime?

3. You are asked to attend a potential welfare case by your local Royal Society for

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Officer. Describe how you would approach such a case and the possible pitfalls.

4. A six year-old hunter has a facial swelling over 207. Radiographs confirm the

clinical suspicion of an apical root abscess. Briefly describe what the radiographic findings were likely to have been and discuss in detail the possible management of such a case.

5. Write an essay on polyuria/polydipsia. 6. Discuss your approach to a case of suspected liver disease. List the diagnostic

tests and biochemical parameters that you would use to thoroughly investigate the problem.

____________________




PAPER I (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. You are presented with an ataxic horse. List your differential diagnoses. Briefly

describe which techniques you would use to come to a definitive diagnosis. 2. Define the following terms commonly used in farriery:

(you may use a diagram to help your explanation)

a. BREAKOVER of the foot. b. POINT of breakover. c. Shear heels. d. A SET heeled shoe. e. Forging.

3. For each of the following give TWO typical clinical features and your treatment

of choice in the horse:

a. Chorioptes equi infestation. b. Leucocytoclastic vasculitis. c. Eosinophilic granuloma. d. Damalinia equi infestation. e. Dermatophilosis.

P.T.O. for Questions 4 - 10

4. List features of each of the following conditions/cardiac sounds including timing

within and duration throughout the cardiac cycle and whether the presence of the condition would affect a horse’s performance as a show jumper: a. Aortic ejection murmur. b. Two year old squeak. c. A chaotic irregular rhythm with a resting heart rate of 36 beats per minute. d. Mitral regurgitation.

5. List the clinical signs and possible causes of Horner’s syndrome in the horse.

6. Briefly describe the ophthalmic appearance of the following in the horse’s eye

and comment on their significance:

a. Hyaloid remnants. b. Ruptured corpora nigra / granulae iridica. c. Detached retina. d. Peripapillary chorioretinitis.

7. a. Briefly describe how rectal tears are classified and give an indication of prognosis for each classification.

b. When you remove your hand from a horse's rectum after performing a

pregnancy scan, you notice blood staining on your glove. In bullet point format, describe how you would manage this situation.

8. Write short notes on why dorsal displacement of the soft palate occurs. List SIX

possible treatments for this condition. 9. Briefly, in tabular form, compare the use of total intravenous general anaesthesia

in the horse with a standard inhalation agent based technique. 10. Explain the modified TRIADAN system for the identification of both permanent

and temporary equine teeth.

_______________




PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Discuss the likely complications that can develop in a horse that has been

maintained under general anaesthesia in lateral recumbency for a two-hour duration orthopaedic operation. Describe how you might minimise the occurrence of such complications.

2. Describe your technique for castration of a yearling thoroughbred colt from

arrival on the owner’s premises up until you leave. Include advice on post-operative management. Outline the possible complications and how you would deal with them should they occur?

3. Write an essay on FLEXURAL deformities in foals up to the age of 2 months. 4. You are called to a yard to attend to a 10-year old hunter gelding who is 2/10

lame on a foreleg. Careful clinical examination reveals no obvious cause for the lameness. You perform a palmar digital nerve block, which abolishes the lameness (the horse goes sound) and you admit it to your clinic for further investigation. List the possible differential diagnoses. Describe the local anaesthetic techniques and diagnostic imaging modalites which would help you characterize the cause of the lameness.

5. You are presented with a case of dystocia in a large full term thoroughbred

mare. Only two (front) feet are palpable in the vagina. Discuss what possible problems might be present and describe in detail how you would manage this case.

P.T.O. for Question 6

6. Describe how you would definitively diagnose peritonitis in the horse. Describe how would you manage such a case?

____________________




PAPER I (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. List the changes that are seen in the equine eye in:-

a. Acute equine recurrent uveitis. b. Quiescent (inactive) equine recurrent uveitis.

2. List the clinical signs, and ultrasound findings that might indicate that a mare has

a granulosa cell tumour.

Briefly indicate your preferred treatment giving reasons and likely prognosis both for breeding and long term survival.

3. List TEN causes of Anaemia in the horse. 4. Write NOTES on the use of inhaler systems in the treatment of equine

obstructive pulmonary diseases. 5. In relation to farriery what are EACH of the following – briefly describe how

each can be corrected.

a) Over reaching. b) Speedy cutting. c) A shoe boil. d) A sheared heel.

P.T.O. FOR QUESTIONS 6 - 10

6. A client has recently purchased an eventer with a history of recurrent airway obstruction. Briefly describe the stable management required to keep this horse asymptomatic for this condition and mention how the regime may be compromised.

7. LIST FIVE developmental abnormalities of the incisors of the horse. State the

dental procedures which might help each condition in a 5 year-old Warmblood. 8. The following are commonly included in the diets of competition horses by

owners and trainers. State the reason (or perceived reason) for the inclusion in each case:

a. Vegetable oil. b. L-Tryptophane. c. Salt. d. Vitamin E / selenium supplements. e. Biotin. f. Linseed oil. g. Garlic. h. Magnesium sulphate. i. Magnesium supplements. j. Sodium bicarbonate.

9. A horse has suffered from a recurrent abscess in the medial heel of the left fore on four occasions in the last six months.

LIST the possible reasons for this and for each reason give a BRIEF description of

its management. 10. Briefly discuss in relation to the prescribing cascade the use of the following

drugs in Equine Practice.

a) ACP 25 mg tablets to sedate a six year old mare for clipping. b) Pergolide in the treatment of Equine Cushings Disease. c) Gentamicin 10% solution for the treatment of a septic joint. d) ‘Dectomax’ to treat chorioptic mange. e) Panacur 10% cattle wormer as a five day larvacidal treatment for

cyathostomiasis.

_______________




PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Two mares have aborted about 12 weeks before their due dates on a large stud.

Discuss how you would manage this situation; include a differential diagnosis in your answer.

2. You are asked to advise a race horse trainer on treatment for a two year-old

Thoroughbred filly with a well defined ‘core lesion’ in the superficial flexor tendon of the left fore. The trainer has heard about ‘stem cell’ therapy.

Describe the how this treatment is performed giving the scientific rationale for its use.

3. You are asked to examine a five year old cob gelding due to loss of weight and

condition. Discuss your approach to this case including a differential diagnosis. 4. Describe the heart murmurs that may be encountered at pre-purchase

examinations. Give reasoned advice for each. 5. You are presented with a two year-old pony on a large livery yard. It has a rectal

temperature of 105F (40.5 C), anorexia, a mild bilateral purulent nasal discharge, and a soft cough. What condition do you suspect as your primary differential? What possible sequelae may occur? Discuss this disease and any appropriate treatment / control / preventative measures that you would advise.

6. An eleven year-old Grand prix dressage horse sustains a wound over the point of the hock during transport to the world dressage championships, it is 10/10ths

lame; discuss your approach to this problem, including a differential diagnosis and an outline of your prospective treatment plans.

___________________




PAPER I (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions on this paper. Use clear diagrams where applicable. Allow 12 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Describe the clinical signs associated with vestibular disorders. 2. List FIVE uses for oxytocin in stud practice. Name a synthetic analogue of

oxytocin and the main pharmacokinetic feature which is advantageous.

3. Which of the following establishments need to be licensed under the Riding Establishments Acts 1964 and 1970?

a. a polo club where the manager plays his own ponies but also uses them

for giving instruction to paying customers b. Beach donkeys

c. a livery yard where the proprietor is paid to give instruction to clients

riding their own horses

d. a circus with an act involving horses

e. a Trekking Centre in a National Park which gives no instruction but rents out horses for tourists to ride on their own without any escort.

4. Briefly describe the clinical signs, laboratory findings and treatment of

“equine metabolic syndrome”.

P.T.O. for Questions 5 - 10

5. Describe a method of peritoneal fluid collection.

Describe the gross clinically detectable changes in peritoneal fluid associated with the following:

a. Nephro-splenic entrapment. b. Peritonitis. c. Sub-acute grass sickness. d. Uroperitoneum. e. Strangulated small intestine. 6. An allegedly castrated animal is suspected of having a retained testicle. Describe how you might confirm the diagnosis in the following: a. A 2 year-old Shetland pony. b. A 4 year-old Thoroughbred. c. A 7 year-old donkey. 7. Describe the clinical signs that may be shown by a shiverer. 8. Briefly describe the ocular manifestations seen with the following diseases: a. Leptospirosis. b. Equine Herpes Virus (Serotype 1). c. Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lymes Disease). d. Equine Viral Arteritis. e. Salmonella. 9. Describe, in note form, a technique for injecting the metacarpophalangeal

(fetlock) joint.

List FIVE commonly used intra-articular medications used to treat non septic fetlock inflammation.

10. Write brief notes on equine leg Chorioptic mange.

_________________




PAPER II (2 hours)

Candidates are required to answer FIVE out of the following six questions. Allow 24 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form required may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. You are asked by a colleague to attend a yard to obtain radiographs of the front

feet of a laminitic pony.

Describe the radiographic technique you would use. List the radiological features of laminitis.

2. You are called to a foaling. The live foal is in anterior presentation and dorsal

position but has a leg back. The owner has attempted to pull it out with the help of a local farmer but without success.

Outline your approach to this obstetrical problem. (DO NOT COMMENT on the neonatal care of the foal).

3. A horse completes a 40km endurance ride. After 30 minutes rest, it presents

with a resting pulse rate of 68 beats per minute. The horse appears dejected and will not eat or drink.

Describe other signs you may expect with heat stress and exhaustion and

measures you may undertake. 4. Outline the causes and treatment options for cheek teeth diastemata.

P.T.O. for Questions 5 and 6

5. Describe the clinical presentation of a corneal stromal abscess and its medical management.

6. Describe TWO different regimes for general anaesthetic induction and TWO

different regimes for anaesthetic maintenance for a 2 week-old Thoroughbred foal undergoing a short, emergency surgical procedure.

Outline any special considerations for induction and recovery.

_________________

Documents

CERTIFICATE IN EQUINE PRACTICE PAPER I FIVE SIX...BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THREE types of large colon displacement that can cause clinical disease. 2. LIST SIX clinical signs that can occur