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• Certainly going back to Sherlock Holmes we have a
tradition of forensic science featured in detective stories.
Jeffery Deaver
Definition…….
• The application of the sciences to answer questions by the legal system in relation to a crime or a civil action.
• Encompasses methodology, norms and facts to authenticate the answers to the questions posed.
Forensic Science
• Match the people, places and things with their definitions.
Challenge One: People, Places and Things
Crime Scene
• Crime Scene• Primary Crime
Scene• Secondary Crime
Scene• Suspect• Accomplice
• Alibi• Victim
• Evidence
• Investigator
• Crime lab
• Evidence used to resolve a crime can be split into 2 areas: testimonial evidence and physical evidence.
– The testimonial evidence would be any witnessed accounts of an incident or crime.
– The physical evidence would refer to any material items that would be present on the crime scene or the victims. These items would be presented in a crime investigation to prove or disprove the facts of the issue.
• Examples include DNA, the body itself, the weapon used, pieces of carpet, blood and other body fluids, fingerprints, or casts of footprints or tire prints.
• Trace evidence refers to evidence that is found at a crime scene in small but measurable amounts.
Evidence
Evidence Examples
• Paint• Explosives• Glass• Dust and Dirt• Firearms or Ballistics• Fluids• Blood• Wounds• Tool Marks
• Shoeprints & Tire Prints
• Physical Fracture Matches
• Questioned Documents• Bite Marks• Hairs & Fibers• Skeletal Remains• Fingerprints
Source: http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2004/fren4j0/public_html/trace_evidence.htm
Challenge Two: Evidence Talks
• List three things that the evidence tells us about the crime.
Source: http://www.virtualsciencefair.org/2004/fren4j0/public_html/trace_evidence.htm
In reality, those rare few cases with good forensic evidence are the ones that make it to court.
Pat Brown
What will evidence collected at a scene do for the investigation?
• May prove that a crime has been committed• Establish any key elements of a crime• Link a suspect with a crime scene or a victim• Establish the identity of a victim or suspect• Corroborate verbal witness testimony • Exonerate the innocent. • Give detectives leads to work with in the case
What evidence can be found at a crime scene? Brainstorm with your group to come up with a list of evidence you might find at a crime scene and how it could be used by investigators.
Drug Chemistry – Determines the presence of controlled substances and the identification of marijuana
Trace Chemistry - Identification and comparison of materials from fires, explosions, paints, and glass.
Microscopy - Identification and comparison of hairs, fibers, woods, soils, building materials, insulation and a broad group of materials referred to as "particulate unknowns.”
Biology/DNA - Presence and comparison of body fluids and dried stains such as blood, semen, and saliva.
Toxicology – Determines the presence of drugs and poisons in tissue, blood, urine and other body fluids.
Latent Prints - Identification and comparison of hidden impressions from sources like fingers, palms, feet, shoes, ears, lips or the tread on vehicle tires.
Firearms & Toolmarks - Examination and comparison of fired bullets, discharged cartridges, guns, gunpowder patterns, and marks left by erased serial numbers in metal or by burglary tools like a pry bar or screwdriver.
Questioned Documents - Side by side comparisons of questioned handwriting and hand printing, ink, paper, writing instruments, printers, photocopiers, additions, eradications, obliterations, watermarks, and impressions.
Investigating the EvidenceInvestigating the Evidence
• Put the five-step crime scene protocol in order of what you do first, second, third, fourth and last.
Challenge Three:Crime Scene Protocol
Match the forensic careers with the graphic or picture that represents
the career.
Challenge Four: Careers
• Criminalistics• Digital Forensics• Forensic Anthropology• Forensic Archaeology• Forensic Entomology• Forensic Geology
Crime Laboratory
• Forensic Meteorology• Forensic Odontology• Forensic Pathology• Forensic Psychology• Forensic Toxicology
The evidence is collected and the experts in the laboratory test all of the evidence. Below is a list of some of the specialists you might find in the lab.
• I wanted to be a forensic scientist for a long
time...It's like putting the pieces of a puzzle together. Solving mysteries seemed like it would be fun, scary
and exciting all at the same time.
• Kristin Kreuk