CEREBRAL PALSY (CP)-FADULLAN, KAREN P

8/7/2019 CEREBRAL PALSY (CP)-FADULLAN, KAREN P.

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(CP)Submitted to:

Mr. Francis Onayan

Submitted by:Karen P. Fadullan


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` Is a neuro-developmental impairment caused

by a non-progressive defect or lesion in singleor multiple locations in the immature brain` This defect causes cognitive and motor

impairment and possible sensory deficits that

are usually evident in early childhood.` Cerebral refers to the cerebrum, and palsy

refers to disorder of movement


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` The most common clinical manifestation in alltypes of CP is delayed gross motor development.

` Additional manifestations include: Abnormal motor performance Alterations of muscle tone Abnormal postures Reflex abnormalities

Disabilities associated with cerebral palsyinclude mental retardation, seizures, attentiondeficit disorder and sensory impairment.


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` Infants at the highest risk for developingcerebral palsy exhibit one or more of thesefactors:

` Premature` Low birth weight (


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1.) Spastic CP

Is the mostcommon type ofcerebral palsy. Itcauses the muscles

to be stiff andpermanentlycontracted.


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` a.) Diplegia

- either both arms

or both legs- The legs often

turn in and crossat the knees. This

causes a scissorsgait.


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` b.) Hemiplegia(hemiparesis)

- limbs on only oneside of the body

- persons having thiscondition may alsoexperiencehemiparetictremors


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` c.) Quadriplegia

- all four limbs areaffected

- there is dysfunction ofthe muscles of the mouthand tongue, seizures,medical complications,and increased risk for

cognitive difficulties- The muscles of the faceand tongue may beaffected, causinggrimacing and/or drooling.


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2.) Dyskinetic orathetoid

- is characterized by slow, uncontrolled,writhing movements of the hands, feet,arms or legs (athetosis)


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` 3.) Ataxic CP

- affects balanceand depthperception

- Persons having this

condition have poorcoordination andwalk unsteadily


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` 4.) Mixed CP

- Involves two or more types of cerebral

palsy


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A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals develops anindividualized treatment plan based on the patients needs andproblems.

THERAPY:

` Physical therapy Daily range of motion exercises help prevent muscles fromgrowing weak and atrophied or rigidly fixed from contracture

` Speech therapy

Children with athetoid CP often have trouble pronouncing words

(dysarthia), and swallowing (dysphagia).- This will help the child to swallow and facilitate communication

` Psychotherapy

Praise, positive reinforcement, and small rewards can encourage achild to learn to use weak limbs, overcome speech deficits, andstop negative behaviors.


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`MEDICATIONS

Goal: reduce the effects of cerebral palsy andprevent complications

Medications used to relieve spasticity and

abnormal movements include the following: Dopaminergic drugs : decrease rigidity and

abnormal movements(e.g.levodopa/carbidopaand trihexyphenidyl)

Muscle relaxants : reduce spasticity by relaxingthe muscle directly (e.g. baclofen)

Benzodiazepines : act on brain chemistry torelax muscles. (e.g. diazepam most widely

used)


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` Deficient knowledge related to understanding ofcomplex disease condition.

` Risk for disuse syndrome related to spasticity ofmuscle groups.

` Risk for self-care deficit related to impairedmobility.

` Risk for delayed growth and development relatedto activity restriction secondary to CP.

` Risk for imbalanced nutrition, less than bodyrequirements, related to difficulty sucking ininfancy or difficulty feeding self in an older child.

` Impaired verbal communication related to

neurologic impairment.

Documents

CEREBRAL PALSY (CP)-FADULLAN, KAREN P