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Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium onCeramics in Medicine
BioceramicsVolume 11
New York City, New York, USA
5-8 November 1998
edited by
RZ LeGerosJP LeGeros
New York University College of Dentistry
UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEKHANNOVER
TECHNISCHEINFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK
World ScientificSingapore • New Jersey • London • Hong Kong
CONTENTS
I. BONE BIOLOGY: GENERAL 1Cellular and Molecular Events in Bone Repair 3
J.M. Schmitt, S.R. Winn, J.O. Hollinger
Bioceramics, Cells and Signals in Tissue Engineering 9A.H. Reddi
Monocytes, Macrophages and Foreign Body Giant Cells on BiomaterialSurfaces: The Foreign Body Reaction 13
J.M. Anderson
Cells and Materials Interactions 17U. Gross, C. Muller-Mai, C. Voight
Bone/Bioceramic Interface 23H. Oonishi, T. Sugihara, E. Tsuji, L. L. Hench, J. Wilson
II. BIOCERAMICS: PRESENT AND FUTURE 29Bioactive Glasses 31
L.L. Hench, J. Wilson
Composite Biomaterials: Present and Future 37W. Bonfield
Calcium Phosphate Coating: Alternatives to Plasma Spray 41K. de Groot
Calcium Phosphate Cements: Chemistry and Applications 45L.-C. Chow
Biomimetics Applied to Bioceramics 51T. Kokubo
Principles of Tissue Engineering Governing Osteogenic Devices 57J.H. Brekke, J.M. Toth, E. Vogelin, N.F. Jones
III. BIOCERAMICS: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES 63
A. Alumina, ZirconiaSintered Bioactive Coating of Dense Alumina 65
J. Cavalheiro, M. Bras
Ceramic Femoral Component of Knee Prosthesis 69J. Cihldr, M. Trunec, V. Sida
xiv Bioceramics Volume 11
Ceramic-Ceramic Bearing Systems for THP with Zirconia HeadsF. Villermaux, L. Blaise, J.M. Drouin, B. Cales
Apatite-Forming Ability of Zirconia Gel in Modified SBF SolutionsM. Uchida, H.-M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura
B. Calcium PhosphatesStability of Hydroxyapatite at Physiologic Temperature
P.W. Brown
CO3-Apatite Preparations with Solubility Gradient: PotentialDegradable Biomaterials
M. Okazaki, T. Matsumoto, M. Taira, J. Takahashi,R.Z. LeGeros
Processing of Porous Hydroxyapatite by Starch ConsolidationL.M. Rodriguez-Loreno, J.M.F. Ferreira, M. Vallet-Regi
Crystal Growth and Structure Analyses of Carbonate HydroxyapatiteY. Suetsugu, M. Kikuchi, K. Sato, J. Tanaka
Effects of Carbonate Substitution on the Strength of SingleCrystal Hydroxyapatite
A. Ito, K. Teraoka, K. Maekawa, K. Onuma, T. Tateishi
Chemistry and Critical Ageing of Hydroxyapatite Sol-Gel SolutionsC.-S. Chai, K.A. Gross, K. Kannagara, B. Ben-Nissan,L. Hanley, P. Layrolle
Effect of Silicon Content on the Chemical and Phase Composition ofNovel Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatites
I.R. Gibson, L.J. Jha, J.D. Santos, S.M. Best, W. Bonfield
Synthesis, Sintering and Mechanical Characteristics of Non-StoichiometricApatite Ceramics
S. Raynaud, E. Champion, D. Bernache-Assollant
Formation of Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite from TricalciumPhosphate (TCP) in Organic Media
K. Sakamoto, Y. Tsunawaki, S. Yamaguchi, J. Ichihara,A. Nakahira, M. Okazaki
Chemical Transformations of Biologically Relevant Calcium Phosphates inAqueous Media During a Steam Sterilization
S.V. Dorozhkin, M. Schmitt, J.M. Bouler, G. Daculsi
Solubility Tests of Commercial Apatite ProductsG. Berger, R. Gildenhaar, U. Ploska
73
77
81
85
89
93
97
101
105
109
113
117
121
Contents xv
C. BioglassRelationship Between Bioactivity and Textural Parameters in Glasses 125
F. Balas, J. Perez-Pariente, M. Vallet-Regi
Long-Term Reactions In Vitro with Bioactive Glass S53P4 129M. Peltola, J. Suonpdd, K. Aitasalo, 6. Andersson,H.A. Mddttdnen, A. Yli-Urpo
Chemical Reactivity of Experimental Bioactive Glasses 133A.S. Rizkalla, D.W. Jones, T. Routledge, G.C. Hall, M. hangman
Study of the Sol-Gel Processing of Glass-Ceramic Powders in theSiO2-Al2O3-CaO-CaF2 System. Part 2: Microstructure Evaluation 137
M.S. Zolotar, C.A.C. Zavaglia, L.P. Cardoso, J.A. Fraymann
Influence of the Chemical Composition on the Mechanical Properties andIn Vitro Solubility of Phosphate Glasses in the System P2O5-CaO-Na2O 141
J. Clement, L. Ekeberg, S. Martinez, M.P. Ginebra,F.J. Gil, J.A. Planell
D. Composites
Novel Poly Lactic Acid Composites Containing /3-Ca(PO3)2 Fibers 145T. Kasuga, H. Fujikawa, Y. Ota, M. Nogami, Y. Abe
Elastic Properties of Experimental Bioactive Glass Composites 149D.W. Jones, A.S. Rizkalla, T. Routledge, G.C. Hall
Changes in Mechanical Properties and GBR Application ofTCP/CPLA Composite 153
M. Kikuchi, K. Sato, Y. Suetsugu, J. Tanaka, Y. Koyama,K. Takakuda
Mechanical Strength and Dynamic Young's Modulus of Glass ReinforcedHydroxyapatite Biocomposites 157
M.A. Lopez, F.J. Monteiro, R.F. Silva, J.D. Santos
The Formation of Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Composites 161P. W. Brown, C. Durucan, Y. Greish
Evaluation of BioglassR and Hydroxyapatite-ReinforcedPolyethylene Composites After Ageing in Simulated Body Fluid 165
J. Huang, M. Wang, S. Best, K.E. Tanner, W. Bonfield
Stiff and Bioactive Composites Based on Starch, Polyethylene andSiO2-CaOP2O5-MgO Glasses and Glass Ceramics 169
R.L. Reis, IB. Leonor, M.T. Rego, A.M. Cunha,M.H. Fernandes, R.N. Correia
xvi Bioceramics Volume 11
Physico-Chemical and Histological Behaviors of HomologousHydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite Membranes 173
R. Martinetti, N. Zaghini, L. Dolcini, A. Krajewski, A. Ravaglioli,P. Cerrai, G.D. Guerra, M. Tricoli, A. Piattelli, A. Scarano
E. CoatingsIdentification of the Amorphous Phase in Plasma SprayedApatite Coatings 177
K.A. Gross, M. Phillips, B. Ben-Nissan, C.C. Berndt
HA/ACP Ratios in Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Dental andOrthopedic Implants: Effects on Properties 181
R.Z. LeGeros, Y.-E. Kim, R. Kijkowska, V. Zurita, C. Bleiwas,B. Edwards, P.-Y. Huang, F. Dimaano, J.P. LeGeros
The Generation of a Dense (Mg2+, CO3~)-Containing Apatite FilmChemically Bonded to Titanium Directly from Aqueous Solutions 185
P. Li, F. Matthews
Superplastic Ti-Alloy Toughened Hydroxyapatite 189T. Nonami, H. Taoda, A. Kamiya, K. Naganuma, T. Sonoda,T. Kameyama
In Vitro Performance of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Coatings onCarbon Fiber Reinforced Poly (Etheretherketone) 193
S.-W. Ha, K.L. Eckert, F. Birchler, A. Gisep,H. Gruner, E. Wintermantel
Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Composite Coatings via Plasma Spraying Process 197V.J.P. Lim, K.A. Khor, L. Fu, P. Cheang
Synthesis of Tri-Calcium Phosphate Coatings Using Plasma-EnhancedMetalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition 201
Y. Gao, A.A. Campbell
Hydroxyapatite Coating by a Sol-Gel Process Containing anIntermediate Glass Layer 205
C.-K. You, S.-Y. Kim
Hydroxyl Incorporation in Apatite Coatings Produced byPulsed Laser Deposition 209
M.B. Mayor, J.L. Arias. F.J. Garda-Sanz, S. Chiussi,J. Pou, B. Leon, M. Perez-Amor
Crystallinity, Roughness and Porosity Analysis of HydroxyapatiteCoatings Obtained by Plasma Spray Processing 215
S.N. Silva, J.R.T. Branco, M.M. Pereira
Contents xvii
Influence of Crystal Growth on Sputtered Films of Hydroxyapatiteonto Titanium 219
J. Hamagami, D. Kokubu, T. Umegaki, K. Yamashita
Conversion of Electrolytically Deposited Monetite to Hydroxyapatite 223M.H. Prado da Silva, G.D.A. Soares, C.N. Elias, I.R. Gibson,S.M. Best, W. Bonfield
Mechanical and Structural Characterisation of Bioactive Coating 227X.-Y. Yang, M. Wang, K.-A. Khor, Y. Wang
F. Cements
Comparative Study of Some Experimental or Commercial CalciumPhosphate Bone Cements 231
F.C.M. Driessens, M.G. Boltong, E.A.P. DeMaeyer,C.W.J. Vercruysse, R. Wenz, R.M.H. Verbeeck
Setting Contraction of VLC Composite Resins and Glass-Ionomer Cements 235V. Fano, W.-Y. Ma, I. Ortalli, I.K. Pozela
Influence of Reaction Kinetics on the Setting and HardeningProperties of DCP-a-TCP Bone Cements 239
E. Fernandez, S.M. Best, F.J. Gil, M.P. Ginebra, F.C.M. Driessens,J.A. Planell, W. Bonfield
The Effect of Na2HPO4 Addition on the Setting Reaction Kinetics of ana-TCP Cement 243
M.P. Ginebra, E. Fernandez, F.C.M. Driessens, J.A. Planell
Incorporation of a Controlled-Release Glass into a CalciumPhosphate Cement 247
/. Khairoun, M.P. Ginebra, M.G. Boltong, S. Martinez,J.A. Planell, F.C.M. Driessens
New Hydroxyapatite Composite Resin as a Bioactive Bone Cement:Improvement of Handling and Mechanical Properties 251
T. Shibuya, M. Saito, K. Kawagoe, K. Hino, T. Nakashima,A. Murakami, T. Ochi
Influence of Polysaccharides on Brushite Cement Properties 255P. van Landuyt, G. Pouchkine, J. Lemaitre
IV. CELLS AND BIOCERAMICS INTERACTIONS IN VITRO 259
AI2O3 Containing AW Glass Ceramic Stimulates In Vitro Bone Formation 261H. Ohgushi, T. Yoshikawa, H. Nakajima, S. Tamai, S. Tabata,Y. Dohi, K. Okunaga
xviii Bioceramics Volume 11
Atomic and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Osteogenic Effects ofBioglassR Materials 265
L. Chou, S. Al-Bazie, D. Cottrell, R. Giodano, D. Nathason
The Response of Human Osteoblast Cell Lines to Phosphate-BasedSoluble Glasses 269
V. Salih, I.J. Jalisi, D. Lee, K. Franks, G.W. Hastings,J.C. Knowles, I. Olsen
An In Vitro Evaluation of Nanophase Alumina forOrthopaedic/Dental Applications 273
T.J. Webster, R.W. Siegel, R. Bizios
Cell Proliferation and Antigen Expression on Hydroxyapatite/CaO-P205Multi-Layered Coatings 277
M.P. Ferraz, J.C. Knowles, I. Olsen, F.J. Monteiro, J.D. Santos
Study of Osteopontin Involvement in Osteoblast Differentiation forAllogenic Transplanation of In Vitro Cultured Bone 281
A. Nemoto, T. Uemura, Y.-K. Liu, T. Yoshikawa, T. Ushida, T. Tateishi
Activity of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells on BioglassR, Hydroxyapatite andFluoride-Substituted Hydroxyapatite 285
A.J.S. Peaker, K.-A. Hing, I.R. Gibson, L. Di-Silvio, S.M. Best,L.L. Hench, W. Bonfield
Effect of Bovine Bone-Derived Materials on Human Osteoclast-LikeCell In Vitro 289
C. Frondoza, R.Z. LeGeros, D.S. Hungerford
Effect of Variation in Ca:P Ratio on Cellular Response of Primary HumanOsteoblast-Like Cells to Hydroxyapatite-Based Ceramics 293
K.-A. Hing, I.R. Gibson, L. Di-Silvio, S.M. Best, W. Bonfield
Effects of Biomaterials on Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Synovial Cells:Modulation of Eicosanoid and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production 297
B. Liagre, J.L. Charissoux, P. Vergne, D. Bernache-Assollant,J.L. Beneytout
The Gene Expression of MT1-MMP, Cathepsin K, MMP-9 and TRAP inHighly Enriched Rabbit Osteoclasts Induced by Different Bone MatrixProteins and Ivory at the Transcription Level 301
H.-Y. Deng, T. Uemura, A. Nemoto, Y.-K. Liu
Sol-Gel Derived Titania Coatings for Cell-Culture Substrates 305J. Elbel, L. Polonchuk K.L. Eckert, H. Eppenberger, E. Wintermantel
Effect of Silicon Nitride Ceramic on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells 309A. Sohrabi, R.C. Kue, J. Lin, D.C. Nagle, C.G. Frondoza, D.S. Hungerford
Contents xix
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Glass-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite-InducedChanges in Cell Proliferation and Function 313
/. Olsen, M.A. Lopez, J.D. Santos, F.J. Monteiro, J.C. Knowles
Effects of a Bioactive Glass on Macrophages Activation 319M. Bosetti, L.L. Hench, J. Wilson, M. Cannas
Bioresorbable Bone Substitute Materials Made of SinteredCarbonate Apatites 323
Y. Doi, S. Saku, K. Iwanaga, T. Kajimoto, Y. Moriwaki,K. Yamamoto, T. Shibutani, Y. Iwayama, Y. Mizuta, Y. Ikeda
55S Bioglass Promoted Differentiation of Cultured Rat Osteoblasts andCreated a Template for Bone Formation 327
C. Loty, J.M. Sautier, S. Loty, E. J allot, N. Forest
Immunosuppressant FK506 Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation ofMarrow Stromal Cells 331
H. Nakajima, T. Yoshikawa, H. Ohgushi, S. Tamai, Y. Dohi,K. Ichijima
In Vitro Interactions of Osteoclast-Like Cells and Hydroxyapatite Ceramics 335Y. Fujimori, H. Mishima, K. Sugaya, T. Sakae, R.Z. LeGeros,Y. Kozawa, H. Nagura
V. TISSUE RESPONSE TO BIOCERAMICS 339
Condensed Calcium Phosphates for Soft Tissue and BoneRepair/Regeneration 341
M.J. Filiaggi, J.D. Wells, S.A.F. Peel, R.M. Pilliar,M.D. Grynpas, R.A. Kandel
Bioactivity and Biodegradability: Melt vs. Sol-Gel Derived BioglassR
In Vitro and In Vivo 345D.C. Greenspan, J.-P. Zhong, D.L. Wheeler
New Putty Composite Materials for Bone Defects in Dentistry 349A.M. Gatti, L.L. Hench, E. Monari, J. Thompson, D. Tanza
Degradation of Hydroxyapatite, Fluorapatite and Fluorhydroxyapatite-Coatingof Dental Implants in Dogs 353
P. Frayssinet, L. Gineste, M. Gineste, A. Ellefterion,A. Guilhem, N. Rouquet
a-BSM™: A Resorbable Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitute 357D. Knaack, M. Aiolova, A. Tofighi, A. Catalano, C. Rey,N. Nies, D.D. Lee
xx Bioceramics Volume 11
In Vivo Evaluation of Resorption, Bone Matrix Osteoclastic andDeposition and Estimation of Osteoblastic Activity of Biocement D in aCancellous Bone Defect 363
R. Wenz, F.C.M. Driessens, M.G. Boltong, M. Dard, B. Nies
In Vivo Reactions of /3-Tricalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite SingleCrystals with Bone Marrow of Rats: I. Reactions of HydroxyapatiteSingle Crystals 367
T. Kobayashi, S. Nakamura, M. Ohgaki, K. Yamashita
Bioactive Composite: Comparison of Ceramic Fillers onOsteoconductivity and Bone-Bonding Strength 371
M. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura, Y. Okada, S. Shinzato,T. Kokubo, T. Kikutani
In Vivo Histological Evaluation of HA/N-Carboxymethylchitosan Fillers 375C. Mangano, A. Scarano, M. Piattelli, A. Piattelli, R. Martinetti
Bioglassr-Dextran Composite Tested in the Rabbit Femur 3797. Thompson, C. Chan, P. Robinson, P. Revell, J. Wilson, L.L. Hench
Removal Pathway of Silicon Released from Bioactive Glass Granules In Vivo 383W. Lai, P. Ducheyne, J. Garino
Inflammatory Potential of In Vivo Aged Basic CalciumPhosphate (BCP) Crystals 387
F. Prudhommeaux, C. Rey, A. Meunier, T. Bardin
Bone-Bonding Strength of Alumina Bead Composite 391S. Shinzato, M. Kobayashi, H. Fujita, K. Choju, T. Kokubo,T. Nakamura
Resorption of Collagen-Carbonate Apatite Complex in Skull Defects 395T. Kajimoto, T. Tanabe, K. Kondou, S. Saku, K. Yamamoto, Y. Doi
Preliminary In Vivo Evaluation of Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Materials 399A.M. Gatti, R.Z. LeGeros, E. Monari, D. Tanza
Bone Formation with Apatite-Collagen 403I. Toda, N. Kitayama, H. Oonishi, M. Muraoka, F. Sugihara,Y. Gonda, F. Suwa
Histological Study of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics Implanted inHuman Long Bones 407
P. Frayssinet, C. Schwartz, B. Beya
Comparison of Bone Growth Behaviour into Spaces of Hydroxyapatite andAW Glass Ceramic Particles 411
H. Oonishi, N. Murata, M. Saito, S. Wakitani, K. Imoto,N. Kim, M. Matsuura
Contents xxi
Bioglassr Surface Reactivity: From In Vitro to In Vivo 415J. -P. Zhong, D.C. Greenspan
Ultra-High-Strength Hydroxyapatite/Poly(L-Lactide) Composite Rods forInternal Fixation of Bone Fractures: In Vivo Study 419
T. Furukawa, Y. Matsusue, T. Yasunaga, M. Kobayashi, H. Fujita,Y. Shikinami, M. Okuno, T. Nakamura
Bioactivity of Organically Modified Ceramics Film Coated onPolymer Substrate 423
K. Tsuru, S. Hayakawa, C. Ohtsuki, A. Osaka
Osteoconductive Properties of Bioactive Glasses in a Bulk Form andas a Coating on Alumina 427
M. Hamadouche, R.S. Nizard, A. Meunier, C. Blanchat,P. Masquelier, L. Sedel
Blast Coating Method-Tissue Response to Titanium Implant Coated withHydroxyapatite at Room Temperature 431
T. Mano, Y. Ueyama, K. Ishikawa, T. Koyama, T. Matsumura,K. Suzuki
In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Calcium Phosphate Cement for Use inRepair and Reconstruction of Bone Tissue 435
S.J. Gadaleta, R.S. Sapieszko, E.M. Erbe
Augmentation of Cancellous Screw Fixation with a Bioactive Cement(cap) In Vivo 439
K. Kawagoe, T. Shibuya, M. Saito, T. Nakashima,K. Hino, T. Ochi
Histological Studies in Clinical Cases on Interface Bioactive BoneCement Interposing HA Granules Between Bone and PMMABone Cement 443
H. Oonishi, N. Murata, M. Saito, S. Wakitani, K. Imoto,N. Kim, M. Matsuura
Comparison of the Tissue Response to Calcium Phosphate Cements withVarious Setting Accelerator 447
K. Ishikawa, Y. Miyamoto, K. Suzuki
A Comparative Study of Ultrastructures of the Interfaces BetweenThree Kinds of Bioactive Bone Cement and Bone 451
Y. Okada, M. Kobayashi, H. Fujita, Y. Katsura, H. Takadama,T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura
xxii Bioceramics Volume 11
VI. BIOMIMETICS, TISSUE ENGINEERING, GROWTHFACTORS, DRUG DELIVERY
A. Biomimetics
Prefabrication of Biological Apatite on a Bioactive Glass CeramicPromotes In Vitro Osteoblast Differentiation and AllowsContact Osteogenesis
C. Loty, J.M. Sautier, S. Loty, T. Kokubo, N. Forest
Analysis of BioglassR Surface Layers: Comparing In Vitro Models ofHCA Formation
T.A. Mahmood, J.E. Davies
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Coating on Ti6A14V Induced byPre-Calcification
P. Layrolle, P.C.A. van Blitterswijk, D. de Groot
Factors Controlling Crystallization of Calcium Phosphates onSolid Surfaces
W.-J. Wu, G.H. Nancollas
Formation of Calcium Phosphate Over Phosphorylated Chitosan FilmH.K. Varma, Y. Yokogawa, Y. Kawamoto, K. Nishizawa,F. Nagata, T. Kameyama
Apatite Precipitation After Incubation of Biphasic Calcium-PhosphateCeramic in Various Solutions: Influence of Ions and Proteins
R. Rohanizadeh, M. Padrines, J.-M. Bouler, D. Couchourel,Y. Fortun, G. Daculsi
Apatite-Forming Ability of Sodium Tantalate GelsT. Miyazaki, H.-M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura
Electrostatic and Structural Analyses of Phosphate/OrganicMaterials Interfaces
K. Sato, Y. Suetsugu, M. Kikuchi, Y. Kumagai, J. Tanaka
Effects of Cations on Surface Reactions and Apatite Nucleation onSilicate Glasses in a Body Environment
A. Osaka, S. Hayakawa, C. Ohtsuki
Biocompatibilty and Crystal Growth of Poled HydroxyapatiteCeramics and Coatings
M. Ohgaki, T. Komiya, J. Hamagami, K. Yamashita
455
457
461
465
469
473
477
481
485
489
493
Contents xxiii
B. Tissue Engineering and Growth Factors
Tissue Engineering of Goat Bone: Osteogenic Potential of GoatBone Marrow Cells 497
J.D. de Bruijn, I. van den Brink, Y.P. Bovell, C.A. van Blitterswijk
Effect of BioglassR and Loading Environment on Whole BoneOrgans Cultured In Vitro 501
J. Maroothynaden, X. Zang, L.L. Hench, P.A. Revell
In Vivo Ostogenic Potential of Cultured Bone/Hydroxyapatite Construct:A Comparison with that of Marrow Cell/Hydroxyapatite Composite 505
T. Uemura, T. Yoshikawa, H. Ohgushi, S. Tamai, T. Tateishi
Preparation of a Novel Calcium Phosphate-Coated Scaffold for BoneTissue Engineering 509
C.E. Holy, M.S. Shoichet, A.A. Campbell, L. Song, J.E. Dairies
Bioceramic Hollow Microspheres for 3-D Bone Tissue Formation inRotating Bioreactors 513
Q. Qiu, P. Ducheyne, P.S. Ayyaswamy
Enhancement of In Vivo Osteogenic Potential of Marrow/HydroxyapatiteComposites by Biological Factors 517
T. Noshi, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Dohi, H. Ohgushi, M. Ikeuchi,K. Horiuchi, M. Sugimura
Allogeneic Transplantation of Cultured Bone/PorousHydroxyapatite Construct 521
T. Yoshikawa, H. Nakajima, H. Ohgushi, M. Akahane, S. Tamai,E. Yamada, K. Ichijima, T. Uemura
C. Drug Delivery
Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic, a Carrier for HumanGrowth Hormone 525
G. Daculsi, O. Gauthier, J. Guicheux, J. M. Bouler, E. Aguado
Tissue Reactions to Controlled Release Silica Xerogel Carriers 529S. Radin, G. El-Bassyouni, E.J. Vresilovic, E. Schepers, P. Ducheyne
A Preliminary Study on the Use of Porous Ceramic Bodies for theRelease of Pharmacological Substances 533
A. Krajewski, A. Ravaglioli, E. Roncari, P. Pinasco,L. Montanari, I. Pantieri
Osteogenesis with Coral is Increased by BMP and BMC in aRat Cranioplasty 537
H. Petite, E. Arnuad, C. de Pollak, A. Meunier, L. Sedel, C. Damien
xxiv Bioceramics Volume 11
Antitumor Effect by Sustained Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor UsingPorous Ceramic Delivery System
Y. Yamashita, Y. Hioki, T. Yamakawa, K. Kato, A. Uchida
Dynamic Compaction of Calcium Phosphate Powder: A New Process forDrug Delivery System
G. Daculsi, M. Trecant, J. Guicheux, G. Grimandi, M. Leroy
Bone Augmentation by BMP-Collagen I and BMP-Porous BlockHydroxyapatite Composite in Rat Calvarial Subperiosteum
H. Nagatsuka, M. Inoue, Y. Ishiwari, H. Tsujigiwa, B. Huang,N. Nagai, R.Z. LeGeros
Multiple Initial Calcification in Ectopic Bone Formation Induced by aBMP-Collagen Composite
N. Nagai, M. Inoue, H. Nagatsuka, Y. Ishiwari, Y. Kinuta, K. Nakano,N. Nagaoka, R. Tamamura, R.Z. LeGeros
541
545
549
553
VII. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
A. Dental Applications
Microchemical Analysis of Bioactive Glass Particles of NarrowSize Range
E. Schepers, A. Huygh, L. Barbier, P. Ducheyne
Bone-Grafting of Canine Extraction Sockets with an InjectableCalcium Phosphate Biomaterial
0. Gauthier, D. Boix, G. Grimandi, E. Aguado, J. M. Bouler,P. Weiss, G. Daculsi
Tissue Response to Anti-Washout Apatite Cement in thePremaxilla of a Rat
Y. Ueyama, K. Ishikawa, T. Mano, T. Koyama, H. Nagatsuka,T. Matsumura, K. Suzuki
Bonding of Bioactive Glasses to Human DentinS.E. Efflandt, P. Magne, W.H. Douglas, L.F. Francis
Clinical Study of Teeth Whitening Properties of ToothpastesContaining Hydroxyapatite
H. Aoki, K. Matsuda, H. Aoki, T. Daisaku, T. Sato, M. Niwa
Interpenetrating-Phase Composite Dental Restorative MaterialsJ.J. Harris, H. Hornberger, P.M. Marquis
557
559
563
567
571
575
579
Contents xxv
Implantation of Cuban Granulated Hydroxyapatite APAFILL-G™ inPeriapical Bone Defects 583
M.C.P. Alvarez, R.G. Corrodeguas, J.A.D. Garcia-Menocal, IF. Diaz,D.M. Arguelles, J.R. Hernandez, E.A. Hernandez, S.A. Guttierrez
Enzyme Cytochemistry of Hydroxyapatite-Sol Application toRats' Molar Pulp 587
T. Li, H. Aoki
Colored Zirconia Ceramics for Dental Applications 591B. Cales
The Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Surface Finish on theFlexural Strength of Zirconia Dental Implants 595
K. Srisukho, W.R. Lacefield
B. Medical Applications
Coral Bioimplants in Orthopaedics 599F. Blardoni, H. Maestre, R. Gonzalez
Mechanical and Histological Evaluation of a Novel BioactiveOrthopaedic Composite 603
E.M. Erbe, A.M. Wilkes, S.J. Gadaleta
Wear Characteristics of Explanted Alumina Alumina Hip Prostheses 607J.E. Nevelos, J. Fisher, E. Ingham, C. Doyle, A.B. Nevelos
The Effect of Hip Prostheses Coating on the Post-Operative BiomechanicalState of the Femur 611
G. Baroud, G. Willmann, R. Kfeissig
A Clinical Study on Hydroxyapatite Coated External Fixation Pins 617A. Moroni, C. Faldini, J. Heikkila, S. T. Larsen, G. Magyar,S. Stea, J. Zhou, S. Giannini
Analysis of Wear Behavior of Alumina-Alumina Hip Prostheses After10 Years Implantation 621
F. Prudhommeaux, J. Nevelos, C. Doyle, A. Meunier, L. Sedel
Investigation of 87 Retrieved Ceramic Femoral Heads 625G. Willmann, A. Brodbeck
Hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium Phosphate as a Filler for Enchondroma of theMetacarpals and Phalanges of the Hand 629
K. Suzuki, M. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, T. Tanaka
Clinical Evaluation of a New Bioceramic Ophthalmic Implant 633E.J.C. Soares, V.P. Franca, L. Wykrota, S. Stumpf
xxvi Bioceramics Volume 11
Alumina/Bioactive Coating Intervertebral Spacer for the Cervical RegionN. Francaviglia, R. Spaziante, A. Nataloni, R. Martinetti, A. Ravaglioli
Clinical Evaluation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Use inOrthopaedic Lesions
L.L. Wykrota, C.A. Garrido, F.H.L. Wykrota, V.C.F. Cury, J.A. Filho
Porous AW Glass Ceramic as a Femoral Intramedullary PlugH. Fujita, K. Ido, Y. Matsuda, H. Iida, M. Oka, T. Nakamura
The Improvements of the Material Properties of Biolox Offer Benefits forTotal Hip Replacement
G. Willmann, W. von Chamier
VIII. METHODS: SPECIAL PREPARATIONS AND ANALYSES
A. Surface Modifications of Implant
Graded Surface Structure of Bioactive Ti-6A1-4V Alloy Prepared byChemical Treatment
H.-M. Kim, H. Takadama, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo,S. Nishiguchi, T. Nakamura
Bone Formation Around Surface Modified Titanium ImplantsW.-Q. Yan, J.E. Dairies
How Does Alkali-Treated Titanium Induce Apatite Formation?H. Takadama, H.-M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakumura
Bone-Bonding Ability of Titanium Metal Chemically Treated with HydrogenPeroxide Containing Tantalum ChlorideL In Vivo Examination
S. Kaneko, H. Ionue, K. Kobayashi, C. Ohtsuki, A. Osaka
The Effect of Alkali and Heat Treatment on Bone BondingAbility of Tantalum
H. Kato, T. Nakamura, S. Nishiguchi, H. Fujita, T. Miyazaki,F. Miyaji, H.-M. Kim, T. Kokubo
Enhancement of Bone Bonding Strengths of Titanium Alloys by Alkali andHeat Treatments
S. Nishiguchi, T. Nakamura, H. Kato, H. Fujita, H.-M. Kim,F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo
Cytocompatibility of Titanium Metal Treated with Hydrogen PeroxideContaining Tantalum Chloride
C. Ohtsuki, K. Kobayashi, S. Hayakawa, A. Osaka, H. Inoue
Effect of Alumina and Apatitic Abrasives on Ti Alloy SubstancesT. Salgado, J.P. LeGeros, J. Wang
Contents xxvii
Surface Modification of Ethylene-Vinylalcohol Copolymer for Inducing itsApatite-Forming Ability 687
A. Oyane, M. Minoda, T. Miyamoto, K. Nakanishi, H.-M. Kim,F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura
Research and Design of Ceramic Knee Replacement 691
D. Sida, S. Konvickova, A. Donat
B. Special Preparations and Analytical Techniques
Synthesis of Blood Compatible Ceramic Powders and a ConvenientMethod of Evaluating an Anti-Clotting Property 695
S. Takashima, C. Ohtsuki, S. Hayakawa, A. Osaka
Ceramic/Metal Joining as a Tool for the Encapsulation of TelemetricSystems to be Used in Orthopaedics 699
O.C. Paiva, M.A. Barbosa
Preparation of Antibacterial Silver-Containing Silica Glass bySol-Gel Method 703
M. Kawashita, S. Tsuneyama, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, H. Kozuka,K. Yamamoto
Cathodoluminescence Study of the Apatite-Like Layer on BioactiveSol-Gel Glasses 707
A.J. Salinas, J. Roman, M. Vallet-Regt, P. Fernandez, J. Piqueras
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Particle Size Distribution ofHydroxyapatite Chemically Precipitated from Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 711
G. Vargas, J. Lopez, J. Acevedo, J. Mendex, M. Mendez
Particle Sizing Characterization of a-TCP and HydroxyapatiteColloids During Transformation Process by Ultrasonic Attenuation Spectroscopy 715
5. Takeda, A. Nakahira, S. Yamaguchi, K. Sakamoto
Characterisation of Hydroxyapatite Crystal Grown on Self AssembledMonolayers Via Atomic Force Microscopy 719
N. Costa, C.A.C. Zavaglia, M.A. Cotta
Development of a Novel Enstatite Glass-Ceramic Biomaterial 723T. Buckland, S.M. Best, K.-A. Hing, W. Bonfield
Fabrication of Calcium Phosphate Based Ceramics with ControlledPorosity for Bone Scaffolds 727
R.K. Panda, P. Teung, S.C. Danforth, A. Safari
Effect of Y2O3 Additive on Microstructure and Sintering of Hydroxyapatite 731K. Shiba, A. Nakahira, S. Yamaguchi, K. Sakamoto,K. Kijima, M. Okazaki
xxviii Bioceramics Volume 11
Two New Routes for Producing Porous Bioactive Ceramics: PolyurethanePrecursors and Microwave Baking 735
A.S. Ribeiro, P.B. Malafaya, R.L. Reis
Bioactive Silica-Phosphoric Acid Condensation Reactions:Theory and Application 739
J.K. West, J.-P. Zhong, A.E. Clark, D.C Greenspan
Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP) Preparation of Calcium PhosphateBiomaterials (Powders, Monoliths, Fibers) 743
A. Deptula, W. Lada, T. Olczak, B. Sarowska, R.Z. LeGeros, J.P. LeGeros
Formation of Apatites in the System: KCl-CaCl2-Ca3(PO4)2-K3PO4-H2O at 25°C 747R. Rokbani, R.Z. LeGeros, N.K. Ariguib, M.T. Ayedi, J.P. LeGeros
Hydroxyapatite-Alumina Platelet Composites 751S. Gautier, E. Champion, E. Raynaud, S. D. Bernache-Assolant
Bone Graft Biomaterial of Echinodermal Origin 755R. Rodriguez, J. Gomez, F. Blardoni, R. Rodriguez-Clemente
Value-Added Bioceramic Materials from Low-Cost Natural Sources:Their Processing, Characterisation and Potential Applications in Medicine 759
M.R. Mucalo, G.S. Johnson, M.A. Lorier, LA. Anderson,H. Mucha, U. Gieland
Pore Volume Expansion in Porous Bioactive Glass Implants During anIn Vitro Immersion in SBF 763
H. Yldnen, C. Ekholm, K.H. Karlsson, J.I. Salonen, H.T. Aro
Author Index 767
Subject Index 775