Upload
vuongnhan
View
230
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ww
w.c
da
c.in
1C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Grid tied / Stand alone Solar inverters–
Technology perspective
Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing(CDAC)Thiruvananthapuram
ww
w.c
da
c.in
2C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Organisation of the Presentation
• Activities of Power Electronics Group - CDAC-Thiruvananthapuram
• National Mission on Power Electronics Technology
• Some of the development projects showcasing the capability of
CDAC
• Development activities related to Solar Photo Voltaic Systems and
other renewable sources
• Concluding Remarks
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
ww
w.c
da
c.in
3C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
CDAC is a Scientific Society of the Department of Information
Technology, Ministry of Communication & Information
Technology, Government of India.
CDAC Thiruvananthapuram has the following Development
Groups.
Power Electronics Group
Broadcast & Communications Group
Hardware Design Group
Control and Instrumentation Group
Strategic Electronics Group
www.cdactvm.in
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing(CDAC)
ww
w.c
da
c.in
4C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
• Power Quality Improvement
• Electric traction and Automotive electronics
• Integrated power modules and packaging techniques
• Distributed power generation/ Renewable energy and Micro
generator control
• Modelling/Simulation packages
• New topologies for Converter/inverter applications
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
CDAC- Power Electronics Group-Focus Area-
ww
w.c
da
c.in
5C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
A national mission programme launched in November 2004 by
the Department of Information Technology (DIT) under Ministry
of Communications & Information Technology, Government of
India.
Vision:
To provide the country with capability to become a dominant
player in Power Electronics Technology at the international level.
Nodal Agency: C-DAC, Thiruvananthapuram
Participating agencies
• Academic Institutes( IISc, IITs, NITs and premier technical
institutes like BESU)
• Manufacturing Industries- both private and public sector
• User Industries like railways
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
NaMPETNational Mission on Power Electronics Technology
ww
w.c
da
c.in
6C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
• Indian Railways
• Indian Air force
• NMRL
• Electrohms
• CatterPillar Pvt. Ltd.
• Emerson Network Power (India)
Ltd.
• Numeric Power Systems
• Hykon Power Electronics (P) Ltd
• Amara Raja Power Systems
• HBL Power Systems
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
NaMPET
Industry Partners
•Industrial Controls and Drives Ltd
•Keltron
•Kerala Automobiles Ltd
•Megatech Power Equipments (P) Ltd.
•Power-one MicroSystems (P) Ltd
•Veeral Controls
•Techser Power Solutions Ltd.
•Integrated Electric Co. Bangalore
•Power Line Kolkata
ww
w.c
da
c.in
7C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Development Projects involving Grid
Connected Inverters
Power Quality Solutions
• STATCOM (Up to 500kVA single unit)
• Active Filter (Up to 500kVA single unit)
• UPQC (250 kW)
Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Conversion
• 250kW Intelligent Power Controller for Wind Electric
Generator
• 25 kW grid interactive Solar PV System
• Technology for Micro grids
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
ww
w.c
da
c.in
8C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Shunt compensator synthesized with power electronic devices is
called STATCOM or Static VAR Compensator
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
STATCOM- STATic COMpensator
Iia
Iib
Iic
L
IGBT Voltage Source Inverter
Capacitor
Bank
Vag
Vbg
Vcg
Vbi
Vci
Vai
Grid
Load
IlaIlbIlc
ww
w.c
da
c.in
9C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram C-DAC All Rights Reserved
300 kVAR STATCOM- For Highly Fluctuating Industrial Load -
Grid voltage and Grid Current
before compensation
Grid voltage and Grid Current
after compensation
STATCOM developed by CDAC
Digital Controller developed by CDAC
ww
w.c
da
c.in
10C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Deployment of 750 kVA Active Filter for
Compensation of Current Harmonics
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Auxiliary
Load
4 MW Induction Furnace
Fluctuating loads like lifts,
magnetic separators, drives etc.
11kV Incomer
250 KVA, 2 Level STATCOM 500 KVA, 3 Level STATCOM
* Through this project CDAC has
developed and validated operation of
3-Level Inverters
ww
w.c
da
c.in
11C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Deployment of 750 kVA Active Filter
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
1) Grid current: 2 A 5 ms
2) Load current: 2 A 5 ms
Compensated Grid Current
Load CurrentHigh power inverter stack developed by CDAC
(Interconnections are with sandwich busplates)
ww
w.c
da
c.in
12C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Unified Power Quality Controller
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
GRID LOAD
Vdc
Series Active
FilterShunt Active
Filter
Ls
• UPQC mitigates voltage
swells and sags
• UPQC compensates reactive
power or harmonic currents drawn
by the load
ww
w.c
da
c.in
13C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
4-Wire STATCOMs
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Capacitor
Bank
IGBT Voltage
Source Inverter-4 leg
Iia
Iib
Iic
L
Vbi
Vci
VaiVag
Vbg
Vcg
Grid
Load
IlaIlbIlc Iin
Compensates
Reactive currents
Harmonic Currents
Unbalance Currents
&
Neutral Currents
ww
w.c
da
c.in
14C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
4-Wire STATCOMs for IT Parks
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
500 kVA, 4-Wire STATCOM
CONVERTER STACK
• This system is installed at TECHNOPARK Trivandrum
• It can be used in IT parks where the computer loads are single phase
and non linear with large triplen harmonic currents in the neutral
ww
w.c
da
c.in
15C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Intelligent Power Controller for Wind
Electric Generators (WEG)
WEG GRID
Digital
Controller
Machine side
Inverter
Grid side
Inverter
• WEG Operates at Maximum Power Point (Induction generator is driven in
variable speed)
• Power generation with lower wind speed
• Power export at UPF(without PF compensating capacitors) and minimum
THD in grid current
• Each Inverter is rated for 250 kW and are IGBT based
• The system was deployed and the technology was validated with a 250 kW
VESTAS WEG which uses an induction generator for power conversion.
ww
w.c
da
c.in
16C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Intelligent Power Controller for WEG
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
250 kW proto unit
Digital Controller
ww
w.c
da
c.in
17C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Solar Energy Conversion
• Solar Thermal – Technology for harnessing solar
energy for thermal energy
• Solar Photo Voltaic(SPV) - Photovoltaic devices use
semiconductor materials that directly generate electric
power when exposed to light
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Cell ModuleArray
Made of crystalline silicon (mono crystalline/ multi crystalline/ Amorphous)
ww
w.c
da
c.in
18C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Schemes for Solar PV Energy
Conversion
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Inverter Filter
Storage
Solar PV Array
To load
Stand alone scheme
ww
w.c
da
c.in
19C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Schemes for Solar PV Energy
Conversion
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Inverter Filter
Storage
Grid
Solar PV Array
Grid Connected scheme
Both the above designs should consider Overall conversion efficiency
Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT)
Cost and size of converters
System reliability
Protections
Modularity, Servicability and repeatability
Optional
ww
w.c
da
c.in
20C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Technology for Micro-grid
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Solar PV systems can be used in conjunction with other energy
technologies to provide an integrated, flexible system for power
generation – typically for remote locations without grid availability.
These systems are referred to as hybrid systems, which can form
micro grids.
Common configurations of hybrid systems could include solar PV
array, wind generator, bio-mass/diesel generator set which would
allow generation in all weather conditions.
CDAC, through NaMPET, with technical collaboration with IIT Kanpur
has undertaken R&D project for developing technology for Micro-
grid.
System developed for Moushuni Island with support of WBREDA.
ww
w.c
da
c.in
21C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Technology for Micro grids
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
BIM
BIM
BIM
BIM
BIO-MASS
WIND
GENERATOR
BIM – Basic Power Electronics
Interface Module
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
ARRAY
BATTERY
BANK
YMICRO-
GRID
CO
NS
UM
ER
L
OA
DS
Y
Y
Y
* All sources interfaced to common AC bus
ww
w.c
da
c.in
22C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Power Converter ModuleThe power converter module – Basic Interface Module (BIM)
can work with both AC and DC sources.(Modular,
serviceable)
Individual Modules are rated for 10 kW. 3 modules are
connected in parallel makes a 30kW unit.
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Basic Interface Module (BIM)
GATE DRIVER INTERFACE CIRCUITS
SO
UR
CE
LO
AD
CONVERTER INVERTER
ww
w.c
da
c.in
23C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Salient Features
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
• Modular Power Electronic Hardware
• DSP & FPGA Based Control Hardware
• Optimum Power Extraction from Solar with
MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)
• Optimum Power Extraction from WEG
Parallel Operation of Inverters
• Synchronized Voltage reference from a Central
controller
• Current sharing between parallel inverters
ww
w.c
da
c.in
24C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Digital Controller
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
ww
w.c
da
c.in
25C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Digital Controller
Controls 6 independent
inverters(36 PWMs)
DSP-FPGA architecture
CAN communication link
Fast ADCs
I/O ports, LED ports
HMI interface
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Digital Controller
ww
w.c
da
c.in
26C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic System
Technology developed
• Inverter for SPV system
• Control algorithm for Maximum
Power Point Tracking from SPV
• Control Algorithm for Power export
at UPF and minimum THD
• Protection Schemes
Salient Features of the system
• Modular Power Electronic Hardware
• DSP & FPGA Based Control
Hardware
• MPPT controller
• Grid connected front-end inverter for
power exchange
• Display and user Interface
• Power export at UPF
• Anti-islanding protection
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
• All the sub modules associated with the inverter (power and control) are
indigenously developed
• The above system is commissioned at roof top of WBREDA office building,
Salt Lake, Kolkata
• System is operational for last 5 months. Exporting around 40 units per day
ww
w.c
da
c.in
27C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Control Block Schematic
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
3Ф Voltage Source Inverter
SPV
Idc
Vdc
A
B
C
Ia
Ib
Ic
Va
Vb Vc
MPPT
Algorithm
Vdc
Idc
Va
Vb
Vc
Iactive*
Iactive3-2 Phase
Transformation
Unit Vector
Generation
+-
Ireactive*
+
Ireactive
Current
Controller
&
Reference
Voltage
Calculator
Va
Vc
-
Vb
Vdc
Cosθ
Sinθ
Space
Vector
Modulator
Va *
Vb *
Vc *
PWM1
PWM6
Idc
Va
Vb
Vc
Vdc
Ib
Ic
Ia
PWM1
PWM6
Gate
Driver
PWM1
PWM6
VaVbVc
IbIc
Ia
ww
w.c
da
c.in
28C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic System
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Voltage and Current
waveforms at various
power levels
Y
Solar Photovoltaic Array
Power Electronic Interface Module
Transformer
Utility Grid
ww
w.c
da
c.in
29C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Grid Interactive Solar Photo Voltaic System
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Digital Controller
30kW Panel
Inverter Module
• The digital controller is built with DSP and FPGA
• This controller can control six numbers of 3 phase inverters
• 32 Analog channels for sensing various signals
• Inverter modules are easily replaceable
• Sandwich bus plate architecture
• Integrated gate driver circuit and cooling arrangements
• Each inverter module is rated for 10kVA with DC bus
rating of 400V
ww
w.c
da
c.in
30C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Specification of the Grid Interactive System
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
Rated Power 30kW
Grid Voltage 415(+10%/-15%), 3 Phase
Solar PV Array Voltage 400V max, 320 Nominal
Grid Frequency 50Hz5%
Operating Power factor Unity above 50% Load
Grid Current THD <5% when source THD is
<2%
Power Converter IGBT based
Cooling Forced Air Cooling
Panel Suitable for Indoor
deployment
Efficiency Better than 90% above 50%
of the load
ww
w.c
da
c.in
31C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Standards for Grid Interactive Solar PV
Systems• IEEE-928 - IEEE Recommended Criteria for Terrestrial Photovoltaic
Power Systems
• IEEE 929-2000 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of
Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
• IEEE 1547-2003 - IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems
• IEEE 519 - IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for
Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems
• IS 9000 – Basic Environmental testing Procedures for Electronic and
Electrical Systems
The above standards are mostly related to construction, test procedures, testing
methodology, protection guidelines and grid connection procedures of solar PV
inverter
There are different standards in relation to the SPV array
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
ww
w.c
da
c.in
32C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Solar Power Plants with MW Rating
The system is realised by connecting inverters in parallel
Individual inverter rating is 100kW
The co-ordination of the inverters is achieved with data exchange
between controllers of individual inverters through CAN
communication link
System features
• Operation sequence and protection schemes as per the relevant
standards
• Auto turn off and auto start
• Active inverters selected optimally according to solar power
availability
• Remote data access
• Minimum power consumption by auxiliary circuits
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
ww
w.c
da
c.in
33C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Conclusions
CDAC has expertise in
• Design of single phase inverters, 3 phase inverters and multi level inverters up
to 500kVA ratings, using IGBTs, IPMs etc.
• Design and realisation of digital hardware for control of inverters for various
applications
CDAC has developed
• Grid Interactive Solar PV System with Indigenous technology
• Technology for Micro grids using various renewable energy sources (AC and
DC) and storage systems
CDAC can associate with prospective industries for commercialisation of the
technology for renewable energy sources-solar in particular
C-DAC All Rights Reserved
ww
w.c
da
c.in
34C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram
Thank You
C-DAC All Rights Reserved