Central Nervous System

Central Nervous SystemCentral vs. PeripheralCentral Nervous System-Brain and spinal cord only

Peripheral Nervous SystemAll of the nerves that branch from spinal cord throughout the rest of your bodyIncludes pain, touch, pressure, temperature receptors as well as afferent/efferent and some associated nervesCentral vs. peripheral

BrainParts of the brain

Cerebrum CerebellumBrainstemBrain

Frontal Lobe- Personality, judgment, morality Occipital Lobe- touch, motor, Temporal Lobe- hearing, smelling Parietal Lobe- sensesCerebellum- muscle tone, balance

Brainstem- breathing, chewing, involuntary organ muscle control (digestion, etc) SpineSpinal Cord- the bundle of nerves carrying signals from brain to the rest of the body

Spinal Column- Bones (vertebrae) surrounding spinal cord, protecting nerves from damageInnervation of the spinal CordSpinal cord broken down into sections based on the vertebrae the nerves go fromBroken down into C (cervical, 7), T (thoracic, 12), and L (lumbar, 5)

Between each vertebrae is a nerve that sends signals to specific muscles and organs

InnervationNerves higher uptend to control the most crucial organs.

Why?

NeurotransmittersBrain works by controlling the amount of certain chemicals released in brain, allowing neurons to communicateExamplesDopaminSeratoninEpinepherineGlucocorticoids

Dopamine Help in control of muscular movement.

Parkinsons Disease Disease where dopamine receptors break down, so muscular movement cannot be controlled by body. tremors.Serotonin Control of appetite mood sleep aggression

Antidepressants (SSRIs)- prevent body from absorbing serotonin happy!Epinephrine Produced by adrenal gland also called adrenaline causes sudden muscle tension fight or flight response in an emergency, prepares the body to fight or runGlucocorticoidsStress chemicalsReleased during any stressful situationGive short-term boost to bodyIn exchange, suppress immune system

After big tests or stressful events, do you tend to get sick? This is why!DrugsMany of the chemicals that enter our body stimulate the release of these chemicals into certain parts of our brain

These chemicals then give the feeling induced by that drug

caffeineDopamine

Leads to greater muscle awareness and control, increased heart rate, etc.alcoholSerotonin and dopamine

Inhibits muscle control, and stimulates serotonin release leading to happy feelingEcstasyFloods of serotonin, dopamineWhen on high, extreme happy with appetite suppressionWhen not high, depressed

Why?AddictionFloods of chemicals in levels too high or too frequently cause neurotransmitter receptors to disappear

Ecstasy exampleWith less serotonin receptors, cant receive proper amount of happy signal, extreme depressionMessing with your brain