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L O C A T I O N C O M P A R I S O N S : A S U M M A R Y1
Center for Energy Workforce Development
Energy Workforce DemandU N I T E D S T A T E S
2017
W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N
Center for Energy Workforce Development
Energy Workforce DemandU N I T E D S T A T E S
Table of Contents
IntroductionThis report is designed to exhibit data on the present and future demand for specific energy occupations within private sector electric and natural gas utility industries for all CEWD regions in the United States. The goal of this report is to provide stakeholders with critical information on energy workforce characteristics, which can be used for planning efforts and as a benchmark for future studies on the region, as well as a comparison against other regions. It is important to note that this report does not contain data on utilities industries that are publicly owned or operated.
The report provides an overview of employment for select energy industries, broken out by CEWD regions, considering historic, current and future circumstances. This is followed by a regional breakdown of employment by occupations typically associated with the Energy sector.
Energy occupations by field were identified by the Center for Energy Workforce Development and Emsi.1
Data SourcesQuarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW); Regional Economic Information System (REIS); State data compiled from various State agencies (see regional reports for further detail).
Prepared For
The Center for Energy Workforce Development
Region Definition
United States
1 Refer to Appendix A for the descriptions of the electric and natural gas utility industries and standard occupation classifications included in this report.
Summary: United States Energy Workforce overview for Electric and Natural Gas Utilities
About This Report
Appendix A: Industry & Occupation Definitions
7
1
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W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N1
-15% -5% 5% 15% 25%
SummaryN A T I O N A L E N E R G Y W O R K F O R C E O V E R V I E W F O R E L E C T R I C A N D N A T U R A L G A S U T I L I T I E S
Historical Industry OverviewThe following graphs display Energy sector jobs in 2016 with their percent of national employment, and the regional and national job change from 2017 to 2021 and from 2022 to 2026. In 2012, the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) reclassified much of the employment contained in various electric power generation industries, specifically Other Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221119) was deleted and subdivided into multiple new categories including Solar Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221114); Wind Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221115); Geothermal Electric Power Generation (221116); Biomass Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221117); and Other Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221118).
This study is being conducted during the reclassification of NAICS codes in 2017, however the industries being considered in this study were not changed. This means that the changes made in 2012 still hold true. However, in this study several Industries were grouped together to make two broader industries. The Hydraulic Power Generation (NAICS 221111); Fossil Fuel Generation (221112); Geothermic Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221116); Biomass Electrical Power Generation (NAICS 221117); and Other Electrical Power Generation (NAICS 221118) were all grouped into one unofficial industry labeled Non-Nuclear Generation (NAICS 221119). Likewise, the Electric Bulk Power Transmission/Control (NAICS 221121) and Electric Power Distribution (NAICS 221210) were grouped into another unofficial industry labeled Transmission and Distribution (NAICS 221120). Because of these changes, one must not overly scrutinize individual industries affected by the reclassification but rather look to the overall energy sector job change total as an indicator of job growth or decline.
Energy Industry Jobs 2016 2017-2021 % Jobs Change
0 50 100 150 200 250
JobsThousands
Natural Gas Distribution
Non-Nuclear Generation
Nuclear Generation
Solar Generation
Transmission and Distribution
Wind Generation
W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N2
Our analysis of the energy sector across the United States shows a total of 505,189 jobs for 2016. Between 2017 and 2021 the industry as a whole is projected to decrease by 367 jobs, a decline of .07%. By region, only the Northeast and the South are projected to experience any employment growth during the next five years (see regional reports for more detail). Individual industries that are projected to decline in this five year period are Natural Gas Distribution (-1% change), Nuclear Generation (-3% change), and the non-nuclear generation energy sector, which is the combination of Solar, Wind, Geothermal and Biomass industries (-4% change).
Looking even further forward to growth between 2022-2026, the private sector energy industry is projected to decline even more, losing 11,805 jobs, primarily in the three industries that were declining between 2017 and 2021. Overall though, this is equivalent to only a 2% decrease in the industry sector as a whole. Individual industries that are projected to experience growth are Solar and Wind Generation.
Naics Energy Field2016
National Jobs
2017-2021 National Change
221210 NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION 112,320 -1,425
221119 NON-NUCLEAR GENERATION 104,643 -4,430
221113 NUCLEAR GENERATION 46,542 -1,595
221114 SOLAR GENERATION 2,652 536
221120 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 234,355 6,004
221115 WIND GENERATION 4,678 542
Total 505,189 -367
National Electrical and Natural Gas Utilities, All Jobs by Energy Field
Energy Field National Growth PredictionsGrowth projections are designed to portray Emsi’s best approximation of the future state of all private sector energy jobs in the Nation. The following table shows the projected employment growth across all six energy sectors for the entire nation. The categories include: “2016 Jobs” or the total number of private sector energy workers in 2016; “2017-2021 Job Change” or the number of new jobs projected to be created between 2017 and 2021; “2017-2021 % Job Change”; “2017-2021 Annual Job Growth” or the average annual growth over the five year period; “2017-2021 Projected Attrition & Retirements” and “2022-2026 Projected Retirements” or the projected annual job turnover/openings for the sector for the respective five or ten year period; and “Average Annual Earnings” or the average annual earnings per worker.2
2 Projected attrition and retirements rates are taken from CEWD’s energy industry survey results.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
201 4 201 6 201 7 2021 2022 2026
W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N3
Key Occupations in the NationThe following table shows the number of workers that were employed in occupations typically associated with the Energy field in 2016, along with projected employment in 2017-2021 and 2022-2016. The columns of data progressively list jobs, job change, and percent change from either 2017-2021 or 2022-2026. The associated projected attritions and retirements occurring over a 2017-2021 or 2022-2026 year period are listed next.3 Finally, “Median Annual Earnings” indicates the average median wages across all occupations in the respective industry.
NAICS Title 2016 Jobs 2017-
2021 Job Change
2017-2021 % Job
Change
2017-2021 Average
Annual Net Job Change
2017-2021 Projected
Attrition & Retirements
2022-2026 Projected
Retirements
Average Annual
Earnings
221210 NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION 112,320 -1,425 -1% -285 46,200 12,744 $142,379
221119 NON-NUCLEAR GENERATION 104,643 -4,430 -4% -886 44,140 11,858 $138,683
221113 NUCLEAR GENERATION 46,542 -1,595 -3% -319 18,813 5,165 $175,978
221114 SOLAR GENERATION 2,652 536 20% 107 1,053 297 $140,183
221120 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 234,355 6,004 3% 1,201 87,093 25,022 $142,349
221115 WIND GENERATION 4,678 542 12% 108 1,955 533 $129,760
TOTAL 505,189 -367 -0.07% -73 199,254 55,618 $144,567
3 Projected attrition and retirements rates for occupations are taken from EMSI’s proprietary dataset.
Nation, Electrical and Natural Gas Utilities, All Jobs by Energy Field
W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N4
Soc Code Description 20
16 J
obs
2017
Job
s
2017
-202
1 Job
Cha
nge
2017
-202
1 % J
ob C
hang
e
2021
Job
s
2022
Job
s
2022
-202
6 Jo
b C
hang
e
2022
-202
6 %
Job
Cha
nge
2026
Job
s
2017
-202
1 Pro
ject
ed
Att
ritio
n &
Ret
irem
ents
2022
-202
6 Pr
ojec
ted
Retir
emen
ts
Med
ian
Ann
ual E
arni
ngs
Lineworkers 73,899 75,596 1,937 3% 77,533 77,717 -872 -1% 76,846 21,790 6,917 $65,728
49-1011First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
15,576 15,934 408 3% 16,342 16,381 -184 -1% 16,197 4,593 1,458 $63,003
49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 58,323 59,662 1,529 3% 61,191 61,337 -688 -1% 60,649 17,197 5,459 $66,456
Plant/Field Operators 41,142 40,999 -1,443 -4% 39,556 39,243 -1,646 -4% 37,596 17,872 4,625 $72,492
53-7071Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators
701 703 -9 -1% 694 691 -18 -3% 673 305 79 $58,365
51-8011 Nuclear Power Reactor Operators 5,393 5,381 -184 -3% 5,197 5,147 -251 -5% 4,896 2,343 606 $88,566
51-8013 Power Plant Operators 26,657 26,506 -1,122 -4% 25,384 25,161 -1151 -5% 24,010 11,579 2,997 $71,926
51-8092 Gas Plant Operators 7,684 7,706 -98 -1% 7,608 7,576 -196 -3% 7,380 3,338 864 $66,019
51-8099 Plant and System Operators, All Other 707 703 -30 -4% 673 667 -30 -4% 637 307 79 $55,536
Technicians 75,546 76,135 -578 -1% 75,554 75,324 -1,996 -3% 73,327 34,687 8,821 $61,058
17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 6,103 6,189 32 1% 6,221 6,216 -131 -2% 6,085 2,802 713 $61,131
19-4051 Nuclear Technicians 4,066 4,057 -139 -3% 3,918 3,880 -189 -5% 3,691 1,867 475 $80,267
47-2111 Electricians 6,896 6,979 3 0% 6,982 6,970 -163 -2% 6,807 3,166 805 $51,875
47-2151 Pipelayers 450 451 -5 -1% 446 444 -12 -3% 432 207 53 $37,773
47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 5,770 5,784 -81 -1% 5,703 5,678 -152 -3% 5,526 2,649 674 $50,627
47-3015Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
234 234 -4 -2% 230 229 -6 -3% 223 108 27 $28,496
47-4099 Construction and Related Workers, All Other 269 273 2 1% 275 275 -5 -2% 270 123 31 $36,296
49-2095Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay
15,247 15,419 -25 0% 15,394 15,365 -376 -2% 14,989 7,000 1,780 $73,819
49-9012Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
15,947 15,967 -291 -2% 15,676 15,597 -460 -3% 15,137 7,322 1,862 $54,101
49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 8,138 8,092 -343 -4% 7,749 7,681 -351 -5% 7,330 3,737 950 $49,691
49-9044 Millwrights 232 231 -10 -4% 221 219 -10 -5% 209 106 27 $51,397
49-9081 Wind Turbine Service Technicians 1,524 1,621 188 12% 1,809 1,843 70 4% 1,913 700 178 $51,064
51-4041 Machinists 648 644 -27 -4% 617 612 -28 -5% 584 297 76 $40,539
51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 2,080 2,068 -87 -4% 1,981 1,963 -90 -5% 1,873 955 243 $38,147
51-8012 Power Distributors and Dispatchers 7,942 8,124 209 3% 8,333 8,352 -93 -1% 8,259 3,647 927 $80,829
Engineers 39,550 39,939 -166 0% 39,774 39,660 -1,064 -3% 38,595 15,100 4,070 $97,734
11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers 4,208 4,254 -6 0% 4,248 4,237 -109 -3% 4,128 1,607 433 $132,808
17-2041 Chemical Engineers 421 421 -12 -3% 409 406 -15 -4% 391 160 43 $97,365
17-2051 Civil Engineers 1,853 1,875 5 0% 1,880 1,878 -40 -2% 1,838 707 191 $82,222
Nation, Electrical and Natural Gas Utilities, Key Occupation Employment
W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N5
Soc Code Description 20
16 J
obs
2017
Job
s
2017
-202
1 Job
Cha
nge
2017
-202
1 % J
ob C
hang
e
2021
Job
s
2022
Job
s
2022
-202
6 Jo
b C
hang
e
2022
-202
6 %
Job
Cha
nge
2026
Job
s
2017
-202
1 Pro
ject
ed
Att
ritio
n &
Ret
irem
ents
2022
-202
6 Pr
ojec
ted
Retir
emen
ts
Med
ian
Ann
ual E
arni
ngs
17-2071 Electrical Engineers 19,194 19,475 136 1% 19,611 19,599 -391 -2% 19,208 7,328 1,975 $92,997
17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 359 364 3 1% 367 367 -7 -2% 360 137 37 $98,259
17-2081 Environmental Engineers 662 668 -4 -1% 664 663 -18 -3% 645 253 68 $84,552
17-2111
Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
518 521 -7 -1% 514 512 -16 -3% 496 198 53 $84,614
17-2112 Industrial Engineers 1,522 1,530 -20 -1% 1,510 1,503 -48 -3% 1,455 581 157 $83,470
17-2131 Materials Engineers 202 202 -6 -3% 196 194 -7 -4% 187 77 21 $91,312
17-2141 Mechanical Engineers 1,542 1,560 0 0% 1,560 1,558 -35 -2% 1,523 589 159 $83,595
17-2161 Nuclear Engineers 6,958 6,943 -238 -3% 6,705 6,640 -324 -5% 6,316 2,656 716 $102,939
17-2199 Engineers, All Other 2,111 2,126 -17 -1% 2,109 2,102 -54 -3% 2,048 806 217 $95,909
Total - All Occupations 230,137 232,670 -250 0% 232,417 231,944 -5,578 -2% 226,363 89,448 24,433 $70,905
Note that job numbers by employment category may not equal total Key Occupation Employment for each region, due to rounding.
W O R K F O R C E D E M A N D | N A T I O N6
AboutT H I S R E P O R T
This report was produced in collaboration between the Center for Energy Workforce Development (CEWD) and Emsi.
Region DefinitionsMid Atlantic Midwest Northeast Northwest South Southeast West
Delaware Illinois Connecticut Alaska Arkansas Alabama ArizonaMaryland Indiana Maine Idaho Louisiana Florida CaliforniaPennsylvania Iowa Massachusetts Montana Oklahoma Georgia ColoradoVirginia Kansas New Hampshire Oregon Texas Kentucky HawaiiWest Virginia Michigan New Jersey Washington Mississippi NevadaWashington D.C. Minnesota New York Wyoming North Carolina New Mexico
Missouri Rhode Island South Carolina UtahNebraska Vermont TennesseeNorth DakotaOhioSouth DakotaWisconsin
About CEWDFormed in March 2006, the Center for CEWD is a nonprofit consortium of electric, natural gas, and nuclear utilities and their associations—Edison Electric Institute, American Gas Association, Nuclear Energy Institute, and National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. CEWD was formed to help utilities work together to develop solutions to the coming workforce shortage in the utility industry. It is the first partnership between utilities, their associations, contractors, and unions to focus on the need to build a skilled workforce pipeline that will meet future industry needs. Its mission is to build the alliances, processes, and tools to develop tomorrow’s energy workforce. For more information about CEWD, visit us at www.cewd.org, or call 202.638.5802.
About EmsiEmsi, a CareerBuilder company, is a leading provider of economic impact studies, labor market data, data-driven reports, and custom consulting services to educational institutions, workforce planners, economic development professionals, and private industry in North America and the UK. Emsi specializes in detailed information about regional economies for assessment and planning purposes, bringing together industry, workforce, economic development, and education/training perspectives. Emsi’s expertise is centered on regional economics, data integration and analysis, programming, and design, which provides the best available products and services for regional decision makers. For more information about Emsi, visit www.economicmodeling.com, or call 208-883-3500.
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AppendixI N D U S T R Y A N D O C C U P A T I O N D E F I N I T I O N S
North American Industry Classification SystemIndustry descriptions are taken from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) website.4 The NAICS codes listed below are those requested by CEWD for this report.
Hydroelectric Energy (NAICS 221111)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating hydroelectric power generation facilities. These facilities use water power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
Fossil Fuel Energy (NAICS 221112)—TThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating fossil fuel powered electric power generation facilities. These facilities use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas, in internal combustion or combustion turbine conventional steam process to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
Nuclear Energy (NAICS 221113)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating nuclear electric power generation facilities. These facilities use nuclear power to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
Solar Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221114)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating solar electric power generation facilities. These facilities use energy from the sun to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
Wind Electric Power Generation (221115)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating wind electric power generation facilities. These facilities use wind power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
Geothermal Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221116)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating geothermal electric power generation facilities. These facilities use heat derived from the Earth to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
Biomass Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221117)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating biomass electric power generation facilities. These facilities use biomass (e.g., wood, waste, alcohol fuels) to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems.
4 U.S. Census Bureau, “North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).” http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/
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Other Electric Power Generation (NAICS 221118)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities (except hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nuclear, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass). These facilities convert other forms of energy, such as tidal power, into electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. For example, this industry could include tidal electric power generation.
Electric Bulk Transmission & Control (NAICS 221121)—This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems and/or controlling (i.e., regulatory voltage) the transmission of electricity from the generating source to distribution centers or other electric utilities. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations.
Electric Power Distribution (NAICS 221122)—This U.S. industry comprises electric power establishments primarily engaged in either (1) operating electric power distribution systems (i.e., consisting of lines, poles, meters, and wiring) or (2) operating as electric power brokers or agents that arrange the sale of electricity via power distribution systems operated by others.
Natural Gas Distribution (NAICS 221210)—This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g., mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas marketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distribution system; (3) establishments known as gas brokers or agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distribution systems operated by others; and (4) establishments primarily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to final consumers.
STANDARD OCCUPATION CLASSIFICATIONS
Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) employment codes are taken from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.5 The SOCs listed below are those requested by CEWD for this report.
LINEWORKERS
49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers—Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. Excludes team or work leaders.
49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers—Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy-duty transmission towers. Excludes “Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay” (49-2095).
PLANT/FIELD OPERATORS
53-7071 Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators—Operate steam, gas, electric motor, or internal combustion engine driven compressors. Transmit, compress, or recover gases, such as butane, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas.
5 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/soc/major_groups.htm (accessed April 26, 2012).
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51-8011 Nuclear Power Reactor Operators—Operate or control nuclear reactors. Move control rods, start and stop equipment, monitor and adjust controls, and record data in logs. Implement emergency procedures when needed. May respond to abnormalities, determine cause, and recommend corrective action.
51-8013 Power Plant Operators—Control, operate, or maintain machinery to generate electric power. Includes auxiliary equipment operators. Excludes “Nuclear Power Reactor Operators” (51-8011).
51-8092 Gas Plant Operators—Distribute or process gas for utility companies and others by controlling compressors to maintain specified pressures on main pipelines.
51-8099 Plant and System Operators, All Other—Any form of operational procedure that takes place at a plant or operating system similar to the tasks and procedures listed above
TECHNICIANS
17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians—Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, calibrate, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. Excludes “Broadcast Technicians” (27-4012).
19-4051 Nuclear Technicians—Assist nuclear physicists, nuclear engineers, or other scientists in laboratory or production activities. May operate, maintain, or provide quality control for nuclear testing and research equipment. May monitor radiation.
47-2111 Electricians—Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems. Excludes “Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers” (49-2098).
47-2151 Pipelayers—Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains. Perform any combination of the following tasks: grade trenches or culverts, position pipe, or seal joints. Excludes “Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers” (51-4121).
47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters—Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinklerfitters.
47-3015 Helpers—Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters—Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. Construction laborers who do not primarily assist plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers are classified under “Construction Laborers” (47-2061). Apprentice workers are classified with the appropriate skilled construction trade occupation (47-2011 through 47-2231).
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47-4099 Construction and Related Workers, All Other—Any form of technical and/or electrical work related to the construction industry.
49-2095 Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay—Inspect, test, repair, or maintain electrical equipment in generating stations, substations, and in-service relays.
49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door—Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves, and other mechanical governors.
49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics—Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and processing machinery or refinery and pipeline distribution systems. Excludes “Millwrights” (49-9044), “Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines” (49-3042), and “Maintenance Workers, Machinery” (49-9043).
49-9044 Millwrights—Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings.
49-9081 Wind Turbine Service Technicians—Inspect, diagnose, adjust, or repair wind turbines. Perform maintenance on wind turbine equipment including resolving electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic malfunctions.
51-4041 Machinists—Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures.
51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers—Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products.
51-8012 Power Distributors and Dispatchers—Coordinate, regulate, or distribute electricity or steam.
ENGINEERS
11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers—Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields. Excludes “Natural Sciences Managers” (11-9121).
17-2041 Chemical Engineers—Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering.
17-2051 Civil Engineers—Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports,
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bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems. Includes architectural, structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers. Excludes “Hydrologists” (19-2043).
17-2071 Electrical Engineers—Research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. Excludes “Computer Hardware Engineers” (17-2061).
17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer—Research, design, develop, or test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use employing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls. Excludes “Computer Hardware Engineers”.
17-2081 Environmental Engineers—Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology.
17-2111 Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors—Promote worksite or product safety by applying knowledge of industrial processes, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws. Includes industrial product safety engineers.
17-2112 Industrial Engineers—Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination. Excludes “Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors.
17-2131 Materials Engineers—Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers.
17-2141 Mechanical Engineers—Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment such as centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems.
17-2161 Nuclear Engineers—Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal.
17-2199 Engineers, All Other—All other engineering occupations that include tasks relative to the ones listed above.
