Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd · 2017. 12. 7. · D35 2078 LH Shoving DS 2.0 x 1.0 x 0.03 m 1479098913222.jpg, 1479098888622.jpg, 1479098897928.jpg D36 2388 LH Edge drop ED 25 m long

Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd

Mandalong South Surface Site

Mandalong Road pavement condition report

December 2016

GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | i

Table of contents

1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 1

3. Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 2

4. Estimate of dilapidation .................................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 7

4.2 Existing pavement ESA ....................................................................................................... 7

4.3 Pavement condition ............................................................................................................. 7

4.4 Construction traffic estimates .............................................................................................. 8

4.5 Consideration of condition ................................................................................................... 8

5. Recommendation ......................................................................................................................... 11

Table index

Table 2-1 Pavement defect classification terminology ......................................................................... 1

Table 3-1 Mandalong Road observed defects (14 and 15 November 2016) ....................................... 3

Table 4-1 Existing pavement condition per road segment ................................................................... 8

Table 4-2 Pavement condition adjustment ........................................................................................... 9

Table 4-3 Pavement consumption estimate ....................................................................................... 10

Appendices

Appendix A - Figures

Appendix B - General notes

Appendix C - DVD of photos and video

GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691 | 1

1. Introduction

Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd (Centennial Mandalong) is required under Development Consent

SSD-5144 condition 25 of Schedule 3 to undertake a pavement condition report prior to the

commencement of construction of the Mandalong Mine South Surface Site (MSSS). Centennial

Mandalong engaged GHD to complete the pavement dilapidation survey for the section of

Mandalong Road between the M1 motorway and proposed turn-off to the MSSS access road.

GHD has been approved by the Department of Planning and Environment to undertake these

surveys.

The purpose of the survey is to document the pre MSSS construction condition of Mandalong

Road so that post-construction comparisons can be made. This report specifically addresses

Consent condition 25(b), and identifies the current pavement condition and deficiencies. The

report also addresses condition 25(c), that requires consideration of axle loads and the quantity

of construction traffic associated with the project.

As required by the consent, within 3 months of completion, a post construction survey will be

undertaken to identify deterioration attributed to the MSSS construction. Following this,

recommended repairs (if required) will be undertaken in accordance with Austroads standards.

These relate to Consent condition 25(d).

This report should be read in conjunction with the General Notes provided in Appendix B.

2. Methodology

The survey was undertaken by GHD geotechnical engineers and drafting assistant on 14 and

15 November 2016. Geo-referenced photographs were taken of pavement defects and videos

were taken with a vehicle mounted camera driving along both lanes.

Pavement defects were logged using a tablet with positioning provided by an external GPS

device (Garmin GLO). Each defect or group of defects was classified using terminology defined

in “A guide to the Visual Assessment of Pavement Condition” published in 1987 by NAASRA

(now in Austroads AGPT05-11 Appendix A, 2011). Table 2-1 below summarises these

classifications for flexible sealed pavements.

Table 2-1 Pavement defect classification terminology

Name (Code) Description

Rutting (DR) Longitudinal deformation in a wheelpath. Result of densification of pavement layers, including subgrade or plastic shear deformation of upper layers. Mostly in the outer wheelpath nearest to the pavement edge.

Shoving, Plastic Flow (DS)

Shoving: Bulging and horizontal deformation of the road surface – generally occurs in areas of high shear stress.

Plastic flow: Deformation in asphalt of asphalt surfaces.

Depression and Heave (DD)

Irregular depressions and bulges in the pavement surface.

Corrugations (DC)

Transverse undulations in the pavement surface or base, most commonly associated with spray seal or unsealed pavements but can occur in thin asphalt surfacing.

Block Cracking (CB)

Interconnected cracks forming a series of blocks approximately rectangular in shape. Typically distributed over a large area of pavement.

Crocodile Cracking (Crazing) (CR)

Interconnected or interlaced cracks forming a series of small polygons resembling a crocodile skin. Crocodile cracking is often confined to the wheelpaths and may have a noticeable longitudinal grain.

2 | GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691

Name (Code) Description

Transverse Cracking (CT)

An unconnected crack running across the pavement.

Diagonal Cracking (CD)

An unconnected crack running diagonally across the pavement.

Meandering Cracking (CM)

Unconnected irregular crack, varying in line and direction; which usually occurs singly.

Crescent Shaped Cracking (CC)

Crescent, or half moon shaped, cracks often occurring in closely-spaced parallel groups and commonly associated with shoving. Most commonly associated with asphalt surfacings.

Longitudinal Cracking (CL)

Cracks which run longitudinally. Can occur singly or as a series of parallel or echelon cracks. Some limited branching can occur.

Edge Break (EB)

Occurs along the unsupported edges of asphalt or sprayed seal surfaces where the surface of an unsealed shoulder is below the level of the adjacent pavement surface. Seal/shoulder interface is directly trafficked resulting in abrasion and shear failure of pavement edge (manifest as fretting).

Edge Drop-off (ED)

The vertical distance from the surface of the seal at the edge to the surface of the shoulder. Not usually considered a deflect if the drop-off is less than 10 mm to 15 mm.

Delamination (SD)

Loss of a discrete section of wearing course layer. A feature of delamination is that there is usually a clear delineation between the wearing course and the lower layer.

Stripping of Sprayed Seals (SS)

The loss of aggregate from a sprayed seal leaving the binder exposed to direct tyre contact.

Stripping of Asphalt (SS)

The loss of bitumen and/or mineral aggregate or filler from an asphalt layer. The stripping could occur on the surface or within the layer.

Ravelling (or Fretting) (SR)

Progressive disintegration of pavement surface by loss of both binder and aggregate.

Flushing (SF) An excess of binder on the surface of a pavement, which is liable to pick-up on tyres during hot weather. Manifest as low texture depth and inadequate tyre to stone contact

Polishing (SP) Smoothing and rounding of the upper surface of a sealing aggregate, usually occurs in the wheel tracks. Identified by relative appearance and feel of trafficked and untrafficked areas.

Potholing (HO) A steep-sided or bowl-shaped cavity extending into layers below the wearing course.

Patches (PA) A repaired section of pavement ranging in size from less than 1 m2 to many linear metres of a half or even full pavement width.

3. Findings

Table 3-1 below lists the logged defects or groups of defects together with their classifications

and observations. The figures in Appendix A show the locations of logged defects, each with a

unique identifier that relates to the photo file names. Copies of photos and videos are included

on the DVD in Appendix C.

A GIS map in ArcGIS format can be provided if required. It includes defect locations,

classification metadata and linked photos. ArcReader software is required to view the map.


Table 3-1 Mandalong Road observed defects (14 and 15 November 2016)

ID Chainage (m) Lane Defect Type Code Dimensions Comments Photos

D1 67 Centre Ravelling SR 70 m long by 0.5 m wide Defects likely due to vehicles doing burnouts

1479078871570.jpg, 1479078860706.jpg, 1479079949298.jpg, 1479080117275.jpg, 1479079967897.jpg

D2 164 Centre Ravelling SR 32 m long by 0.5 to 2.0 m wide Defects likely due to vehicles doing burnouts


D3 180 RH Delamination SD 1.3 m x 0.4 m Part of D02 1479080878149.jpg, 1479080951007.jpg

D4 225 Centre Ravelling SR 50 m long by 0.5 to 2.0 m wide Defects likely due to vehicles doing burnouts 1479081196206.jpg, 1479081211497.jpg, 1479081242946.jpg

D5 291 LH Shoulder Ravelling or delamination SR or SD 4.0 m by 1.0 m 1479081499639.jpg, 1479081517526.jpg

D6 315 Both lanes Ravelling SR 60 m long x 20 m wide 1479082092223.jpg, 1479082183428.jpg, 1479082227488.jpg

D7 582 LH and RH Crocodile cracking x 2, Ravelling, Rutting

CR, SR and DR

CR = 1.0 x 0.9 m; SR = 4 x 1 m; DR=2.5 x 1 x 0.04

Ravelling and Rutting occurred in patchwork


D8 573 LH Ravelling & Delamination SR & SD 10 m long x 2 m wide

1479084260055.jpg, 1479084232099.jpg, 1479084281356.jpg, 1479084310355.jpg, 1479084351799.jpg, 1479084336042.jpg

D9 608 LH and RH Transverse crack CT 8.0 m long Persists through road width 1479085397302.jpg

D10 791 LH Longitudinal cracking CL 77 m long 1479085898201.jpg, 1479086068588.jpg, 1479085972770.jpg

D11 816 RH Longitudinal crack CL 21 m long 1479086728080.jpg

D12 839 RH Longitudinal crack CT 30 m long 1479086840854.jpg, 1479086867720.jpg

D13 1044 LH & RH Longitudinal cracks CL Up to 10.0 m long Trace CL up to 10 m long between D12 & D14

D14 1251 LH & RH Crocodile cracking and Rutting x 4 CD & DR

2.2 m x 1.4 m x 0.03 m / 3 m x 0.5 x 0.02 (2 of)

1479088314713.jpg, 1479088376050.jpg, 1479088559909.jpg, 1479088488784.jpg, 1479088386846.jpg, 1479088637932.jpg, 1479089312501.jpg

D15 1279 RH Crocodile cracking & Rutting CR & DR 3.0 m x 1.0 x 0.03 m 1479089480077.jpg

D16 1286

LH & CENTRE of RH Crocodile cracking & shoving CD & DS 3.0 m x 0.5 m / 1.0 m x 0.5 m


D17 1296 LH Crocodile cracking x 2, Rutting & Pothole

CD, DR & HO

CD = 5.0 X 1.0 m | DR & CD = 2.0 x 1.5 x 0.05 | HO = 0.4 x 0.6


D18 1306 LH & RH Crocodile cracking CD 3.0 m x 0.5 m


D19 1317 LH Crocodile cracking CD 4.0 m x 1.0 m 1479090804878.jpg, 1479090904497.jpg, 1479090863739.jpg

D20 1362 LH Crocodile cracking CD 15 m x 0.5 to 1.0 m 1479094842754.jpg, 1479094942153.jpg

D21 1396 LH Crocodile cracking CD 1.0 m x 0.7 m Minor depression 1479095092673.jpg

D22 1411 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO CD = 8.0 x 1.3 m | HO = 0.7 x 0.4 m

1479095299281.jpg, 1479095411670.jpg, 1479095470815.jpg, 1479095525693.jpg, 1479095558345.jpg, 1479095492820.jpg

D23 1442 LH & RH Polishing and Ravelling SP, SR 8.0 x 0.5 m Generally in wheel paths of both lanes 1479095762198.jpg, 1479095786109.jpg, 1479095804844.jpg

D24 1479 LH Edge break EB 1.0 m long 1479095915624.jpg, 1479095926386.jpg

D25 1532 LH Minor rutting, irregular cracking and corrugations

DR, CC & DC 20 m x 3 m section 1479096273538.jpg, 1479096286978.jpg, 1479096299741.jpg

D26 1590 LH & RH Crocodile cracking x 3 CD 2.5 x 2.0 m 1479096680101.jpg, 1479096715582.jpg, 1479096744374.jpg

D27 1612 LH Crocodile cracking x 2 CD 4 .0 x 0.5 m 1479096856493.jpg, 1479096891190.jpg

D28 1631 LH Edge break EB 3.0 m long 1479097422167.jpg, 1479097375300.jpg, 1479097450100.jpg

D29 1689 LH Edge drop ED 10 m long Previously patched 1479097773363.jpg, 1479097789408.jpg, 1479097748782.jpg



D30 1718 LH Edge drop ED 18 m long 1479097924381.jpg, 1479097948602.jpg

D31 1859 Centre Pothole HO 0.5 x 0.4 1479098285062.jpg, 1479098336601.jpg

D32 1947 Centre Crocodile cracking CD 3.0 x 0.5 m Partially patched 1479098483779.jpg, 1479098503031.jpg

D33 1963 Centre Pothole HO 0.7 x 0.5 m 1479098600126.jpg, 1479098637760.jpg

D34 2049 LH Edge break EB 1.0 m long 1479098790288.jpg

D35 2078 LH Shoving DS 2.0 x 1.0 x 0.03 m 1479098913222.jpg, 1479098888622.jpg, 1479098897928.jpg


D37 2828 LH Crocodile cracking and Rutting 2 CD & DR 3.0 x 3.0 x 0.04 m

Generally, in wheel paths. Previously patched 1479100348946.jpg, 1479100315238.jpg, 1479100296821.jpg, 1479100330412.jpg

D38 2853 LH & centre of RH

Crocodile cracking and rutting or depression/heave

CD & DR | CD & DD 6.0 m x 4.0 m 1479100602361.jpg

D39 2864 LH Crocodile cracking CD 1.4 x 4.0 m 1479101034975.jpg

D40 2859 RH Shoving DS 3.2 x 1.0 x 0.06 m Previously repaired 1479101176364.jpg, 1479101195242.jpg

D41 2875 Centre of RH Crocodile cracking and Rutting CD & DR 1.5 x 0.5 m 1479101328855.jpg, 1479101351221.jpg

D42 2886 RH Ravelling SR 7.0 x 2.7 m 1479101510460.jpg

D43 2869 LH & RH Block cracking and longitudinal cracking CB

6.0 m long through width of road x 35 m long

Cracking occurring on edge of patchwork 1479158933005.jpg, 1479158897506.jpg, 1479158855862.jpg, 1479158783098.jpg

D44 2882 LH Depression & Crocodile Cracking DD & CD 3.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.04 m Pothole forming 1479159392189.jpg, 1479159419045.jpg

D45 2899 LH Crocodile cracking and shoving CD & DS 7.0 m x 3.0 m


D46 2906 LH Crocodile cracking CD 11.0m x 1.5 m 1479159796598.jpg

D47 2933 RH Edge Crocodile cracking & pothole CD & HO 5.5 m x 1.0 m 1479159942475.jpg, 1479159957531.jpg, 1479159930290.jpg

D48 2994 RH Crocodile cracking x 2 CD 2.0 m x 3.0 m | 2.0 m x 1.0 m 1479160128678.jpg, 1479160152023.jpg, 1479160166257.jpg

D49 3023 RH Edge Crocodile cracking CD 10 m x 0.5-1.0 m Patched in areas | Minor potholes 1479160329836.jpg, 1479160345607.jpg

D50 2923 RH Crocodile cracking CD 18.0 m x 0.5 m 1479160610063.jpg

D51 3215 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole x 4 CD & HO

CD = 4.0 m x 2.0 m | HO = 0.7 m x 0.5 m

D52 3221 RH Edge Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO 5.0 m x 1.0 m Patched in areas 1479165415743.jpg, 1479165431217.jpg, 1479165452981.jpg

D53 3239 RH Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO CD = 8.0 x 3.0 m | HO = 0.25 x 0.25 m 1479165603129.jpg, 1479165623287.jpg

D54 3249 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole x 3 CD & HO

CD = 17.0 x 0.5 m | HO x 3 = 0.4 x 0.3 m

Crocodile cracking prominent in LH wheel paths


D55 3256 Centre Pothole HO 0.45 x 0.35 m 1479166070575.jpg, 1479166078818.jpg

D56 3292 Centre Pothole x 3, rutting, crocodile crack & polishing

HO, DR, CD & SP

HO = 0.15 m dia | DR/CD = 7.0 x 0.5 m


D57 3315 LH Crocodile cracking and Pothole CD & HO CD = 5.0 x 0.5 m | HO = 0.4 x 0.3 m 1479166658913.jpg, 1479166667770.jpg, 1479166683426.jpg

D58 3325 LH Rutting and Pothole x 5 DR & HO DR = 5.0 x 0.5 m | HO = 0.4 X 0.3 1479166814770.jpg, 1479166838364.jpg, 1479166855010.jpg, 1479166865166.jpg

D59 3337 LH Pothole x 23 and minor crocodile cracking HO & CD HO between 0.1 m and 0.4 m dia

1479166983364.jpg, 1479166995633.jpg, 1479167020270.jpg, 1479167030195.jpg, 1479167057821.jpg, 1479167113353.jpg, 1479167127575.jpg, 1479167144186.jpg, 1479167160661.jpg, 1479167188408.jpg, 1479167206452.jpg

D60 3390 RH Crocodile cracking, rutting and pothole (x2)

CD, DR, HO

CD/DR = 14.0 x 0.5 x 0.03 m | HO = 0.5 or 0.2 m d 1479167712227.jpg, 1479167726694.jpg, 1479167739298.jpg, 1479167751577.jpg



D61 3429 LH Crocodile cracking, rutting and potholes (x2)

CD, DR & HO

CD/DR = 16.0 x 0.5 x 0.03 m | HO = 0.3 m dia 1479167968715.jpg, 1479167985243.jpg, 1479168001204.jpg, 1479168017350.jpg

D62 3941 LH Shoving/rutting & longitudinal cracking

DS/DR & CL 15.0 x 1.5 x 0.06 m Polishing occurred within shoving 1479168478903.jpg, 1479168516108.jpg, 1479168542962.jpg

D63 3950 RH Rutting, polishing and longitudinal cracking

DR, SP & CL 4.0 x 0.5 x 0.04 m 1479168712686.jpg

D64 4622 RH Edge Crocodile cracking CD 8.0 x 0.5 m 1479169177217.jpg, 1479169192102.jpg, 1479169212908.jpg, 1479169229352.jpg

D65 4693 LH Edge Edge break and edge drop EB & ED 10.0 m long Access to residence 1479169440289.jpg, 1479169457128.jpg, 1479169470032.jpg

D66 4997 LH Depression and heave DD 3.0 m long x 0.2 wide x 0.06 m high Irregular deformation in pavement 1479170021917.jpg, 1479170038951.jpg, 1479170054959.jpg

D67 5109 LH Edge Edge drop ED 6.0 m long 1479170701194.jpg, 1479170708797.jpg, 1479170724166.jpg

D68 5135 LH Block cracking CB 7.0 m x 6.0 m 1479170846379.jpg, 1479170861074.jpg, 1479170877780.jpg

D69 5153 LH Longitudinal cracking CL 6.0 m long 1479171041088.jpg

D70 5164 LH Rutting, longitudinal cracking and polishing

DR, CL & SP 9.0 x 0.5 x 0.03 m 1479171182469.jpg, 1479171198733.jpg, 1479171218707.jpg

D71 2933 LH Edge Edge break and edge drop ED & EB 17.0 m long Timber Road 1479172043734.jpg, 1479172090590.jpg, 1479172109233.jpg, 1479172123070.jpg

D72 5392 LH Edge Edge break and edge drop EB & ED 12.0 m long Access to residence 1479172551665.jpg, 1479172560895.jpg, 1479172580877.jpg

D73 5593 LH Edge drop ED D 23.0 m long Access to residence 1479172826895.jpg, 1479172835885.jpg, 1479172849294.jpg, 1479172878876.jpg

D74 5636 LH Edge Edge break and rutting EB & DR EB = 5.0 m long | DR = 0.8 x 0.4 x 0.04 m Access to residence 1479172990920.jpg, 1479173002639.jpg, 1479173035857.jpg

D75 5629 RH Edge Edge break EB 1.0 m long 1479173274376.jpg

D76 5668 RH Edge Edge break EB 1.2 m long Access to residence 1479173368418.jpg

D77 5745 LH Crocodile cracking and rutting CD & DR 4.0 m x 1.0 m x 0.02 m 1479173978434.jpg, 1479173996976.jpg, 1479174022976.jpg

D78 5761 LH Crocodile cracking and pothole CD & HO CD = 5.0 x 0.5 m | HO = 0.3 x 0.2 m 1479174197039.jpg, 1479174209016.jpg, 1479174221735.jpg, 1479174231935.jpg

D79 5782 LH Edge break x 3 EB 2.5 to 3.0 m long Partially repaired in places 1479174339256.jpg, 1479174361911.jpg, 1479174372126.jpg

D80 5827 LH Edge drop ED 6.0 m long 1479174486520.jpg, 1479174502498.jpg

D81 5841 LH Crocodile cracking and Rutting CD & DR 14.0 m x 3.0 m x 0.03 m


D82 5925 RH Edge Crocodile cracking CD 2.0 x 1.0 m Partially patched 1479178701465.jpg, 1479178711720.jpg, 1479178723118.jpg

D83 5975 RH Edge break EB 7.0 m long 1479178806907.jpg, 1479178823439.jpg

D84 6023 RH Crocodile cracking CD 25 x 0.5 m Minor cracking 1479179001111.jpg, 1479179015525.jpg

D85 6050 RH Edge break x 2 and crocodile cracking EB & CD

EB = 1.0 and 2.0 m long | CD = 40 x 0.5 m

Minor CD from 5 m north of Dxx to Little Valley Rd


D86 6058 LH Edge break EB 12.0 m long Chapman Rd 1479179486982.jpg, 1479179498864.jpg, 1479179519317.jpg

D87 6101 RH Pothole x 5 and crocodile cracking HO, CD

HO = 0.2 - 0.5 m d | CD = 5.0 x 2.0 m | ED = 2.0 m Little Valley Rd

1479179735244.jpg, 1479179746027.jpg, 1479179753241.jpg, 1479179768105.jpg, 1479179779544.jpg, 1479179800685.jpg, 1479179825639.jpg, 1479179835746.jpg, 1479179902546.jpg

D88 6114 RH Edge Pothole HO 0.35 x 0.40 m 1479179983919.jpg, 1479179994934.jpg

D89 6117 LH Edge Delamination SD 2.0 x 1.0 m 1479180083502.jpg, 1479180093084.jpg, 1479180113499.jpg


D91 6162 LH Edge drop ED 1.5 m long Access to residence 1479180302747.jpg, 1479180316433.jpg

D92 6293 RH Longitudinal crack CL 3.5 m long

D93 6315 LH Edge break EB 1479180654022.jpg



D94 6336 LH & Centre Longitudinal crack x 3 CL 6 - 12 m long 1479180764599.jpg, 1479180792618.jpg

D95 6362 RH Longitudinal crack CL 8 m long 1479180878131.jpg, 1479180892068.jpg, 1479180905451.jpg

D96 6425 LH & RH Longitudinal crack x 2 CL 10 & 16 m long 1479181221800.jpg, 1479181239046.jpg, 1479181295928.jpg

D97 6656 LH Edge break EB 2.3 m long 1479181478388.jpg, 1479181488616.jpg, 1479181505176.jpg

D98 6715 LH Edge break EB 15 m long Access to paddock 1479181693602.jpg, 1479181703844.jpg, 1479181713954.jpg, 1479181733793.jpg

D99 LH Edge break EB 1.7 m long 1479181881677.jpg, 1479181892837.jpg

D100 6502 RH and centre Longitudinal crack CL Between 10 and 30 m

Minor CL between two defect markers 1479182232622.jpg, 1479182240360.jpg, 1479182256188.jpg, 1479182275955.jpg

D101 6269 Centre Pothole x 7 HO 0.1 x 0.07 m Reflective centre markers pulled out 1479182588261.jpg, 1479182601131.jpg

D102 6265 RH Edge break EB 1.0 m 1479182681040.jpg, 1479182689230.jpg

D103 6196 RH Edge break EB 3.5 m long 1479182895725.jpg, 1479182909726.jpg

D104 6161 RH Edge break EB 30 m long 1479183007990.jpg, 1479183020702.jpg, 1479183032317.jpg, 1479183040873.jpg

D105 5537 RH Crocodile cracking CD 8.0 m x 1.5 m 1479183259742.jpg, 1479183273967.jpg, 1479183282922.jpg, 1479183301304.jpg

D106 5282 RH Edge Delamination x 3 SD 0.2 to 0.5 m square 1479183585840.jpg, 1479183605256.jpg

D107 4833 RH Edge drop ED 18 m long 1479183826978.jpg, 1479183840345.jpg, 1479183848136.jpg

D108 3768 RH Edge break EB 9 m long Access to residence 1479184205662.jpg, 1479184219818.jpg

D109 398 RH Edge drop ED 16m IMG_0753.JPG, IMG_0754.JPG, IMG_0755.JPG, IMG_0756.JPG

D110 483 RH Edge drop ED 40m IMG_0758.JPG, IMG_0759.JPG, IMG_0760.JPG, IMG_0761.JPG


4. Estimate of dilapidation

Consent condition 25(c), requires consideration of axle loads and the quantity of construction

traffic associated with the project.

The estimate is based on equating the impact from additional traffic generated from project,

sourced from the Traffic Impact Assessment, and comparing against the existing condition and

design life of existing pavement.

4.1 Methodology

Road pavements are designed on the number of heavy vehicles to use the pavement over its

design life. The method is well defined and is based on converting heavy vehicle movements to

Equivalent Standard Axles (ESA). Pavement designers use this number to determine the depth

and composition of pavements in accordance with methods prescribed by Austroads and other

standards.

Using the findings from the Traffic Impact Assessment, the ESA for the Project was able to be

estimated. By comparing the Project and design ESAs, simplistically, the proportion of the

pavement consumed by the Project could be estimated. This would provide an estimate of total

pavement life consumed.

Further, using our visual inspection of pavement condition, we were able to roughly determine

the remaining life of the pavement and hence establish the ESA remaining in the pavement. By

comparing this to the Project ESA, we can estimate the total remaining life consumed.

Although it is more equitable for the Project to be judged on total life of pavement consumed,

reality is the Project will be required to reinstate the total remaining life consumed. This means,

the Project can be penalised by using roads that are in poor condition, however this is the

standard way of assessing dilapidation for projects where pavement damage occurs.

4.2 Existing pavement ESA

The existing (design) pavement ESA has been specified by LMCC in their design standards and

confirmed in their review of the MSSS Access Road intersection design approval. The design

ESA for the pavement is 400,000.

4.3 Pavement condition

Road pavement condition was assessed through visual inspection and classified on a scale of 1

(excellent) to 5 (poor). This rating system is consistent with current local government practice,

and is holistic of the overall road, and higher level than the detailed defects identified earlier in

the report. The visual inspection used visual indicators such as potholes, cracking and rutting to

quantify condition.


Table 4-1 presents the existing pavement condition of each road in segments.

Table 4-1 Existing pavement condition per road segment

Road From To Speed limit (km/h)

Road type (sealed or unsealed)

Condition rating (scale 1 to 5)

Mandalong Road

M1 motorway Shed between Morans Ck & Deaves Road

80 S 1

Shed on floodplain

Deaves Road 80 S 3

Deaves Road East Timber Road 80 S 2

East Timber Road Browns Road 80 S 3

Browns Road Tobins Road 80 S 2

Tobins Road Chapman Road 80 S 2

Chapman Road MSSS Access Road

80 S 2

4.4 Construction traffic estimates

Although the overall construction programme could be spread over a 2 year (or so) period, it is

expected there will be durations of inactivity and little or no traffic. Based on an anticipated

construction activity period of 12 months, 6 days a week, approximately 5 heavy vehicle

movements are estimated daily with a maximum of 35 during peak times. The duration of the

peak is estimated to be 16 weeks and caused by imported material deliveries (gravel) for the

access road.

The total heavy vehicles during a 12-month construction period equates to 8880 vehicles and

11,189 equivalent standard axles (ESA). These volumes agree generally with the Traffic Impact

Assessment report for an average of 12 heavy vehicle arrivals per day.

As indicated by the Traffic Impact Assessment the Project is not expected to have any

significant impacts on the performance, efficiency and safety of the midblock road capacity. A

high level of service (LOS) is maintained thus reinforcing the fact that the increase in traffic is

not significant.

4.5 Consideration of condition

The ESA calculations undertaken provide an indication of the number of axles the existing

pavement should have been designed for. This assumption has been confirmed by LMCC in

their intersection design review.

The calculation assumes that the pavement is new, which the roads are clearly not. To

understand the life remaining in the pavement, we have applied a factor to the pavement to

account for loss of life to existing pavement and to better reflect the remaining capacity of the

pavement. The factor relates to our visual condition assessment.


Table 4-2 presents the factors applied to each pavement condition to account for the residual

remaining life.

Table 4-2 Pavement condition adjustment

Observed condition Rating Life remaining (%)

Good 1 90

Satisfactory to good 2 70

Satisfactory 3 50

Satisfactory to poor 4 30

Poor 5 10

With these factors applied to the road segment ESAs, we can compare Project ESA (heavy

vehicles) to the remaining life, to establish the level of pavement consumed by the Project. This

is the predicted dilapidation as shown in Table 4-3.


Table 4-3 Pavement consumption estimate

Road From To Construction ESA

Equivalent Standard Axles for design pavement (ESA)

Remaining pavement design life used for Design (%)

Condition rating (scale 1 to 5)

Remaining life ESA for existing pavement

Remaining pavement life used for Construction (%)

Mandalong Road M1 motorway Shed on floodplain 11,189 400,000 2.8 1 360,000 3.1

Shed on floodplain

Deaves Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 3 200,000 5.6

Deaves Road East Timber Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0

East Timber Road Browns Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 3 200,000 5.6

Browns Road Tobins Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0

Tobins Road Chapman Road 11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0

Chapman Road MSSS Access Road

11,189 400,000 2.8 2 280,000 4.0


Pavement consumption as a result of project construction is estimated to be in the range of 3%

to 6% of the remaining pavement life. This is considered low impact.

It is not anticipated that construction traffic will cause widespread pavement failures but may

cause deterioration of the existing defects as discussed above in Table 3-1. The existing

defects do not require repair prior to construction commencing.

5. Recommendation

This is a baseline survey to identify current pavement surface conditions prior to construction of

the MSSS. In consideration of Austroads Guide to Road Design, the road is suitable for

construction traffic and no repairs are necessary prior to construction commencing.

GHD | Report for Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd - Mandalong South Surface Site, 22/17691

Appendices


Appendix A - Figures

Level 3, GHD Tower, 24 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle NSW 2300 T 61 2 4979 9999 F 61 2 4979 9988 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com.au

0

100

200

300

400

500

60070

080090

0100011

00120013

00140015

00

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

310032

003300

3400

3500

360037

003800

3900

4000

4100

4200

4300

4400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

5100

5200

5300

5400

5500

5600

5700

5800

5900

6000

6100

6200

6300

6400

6500

6600

6700

#*

#*#*#*#*

#*

#*#*#*

#*#*#*

#*#*#*#*#*#*#*

#*#*#*#*#*#*

#*#*

#*

#*

#*

Mandalong Road

Old Maitland Road

Ker ry

Ande

rs onD

rive

Morans Creek

Stockton Creek

D1

D2D3D4

D5D6

D7 D8D9D10D11D12

D13D14D15D16

D17

D18D19

D20D21D22D23D24D25D26

D27D28

D109

D110

© Land and Property Information 2015

G:\22\17691\GIS\Maps\Deliverables\Defects\2217691_D001_Defects_1.mxd© 2016. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD and LPI make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason.

LEGEND0 50 100 15025

MetresMap Projection: Transverse Mercator

Horizontal Datum: GDA 1994Grid: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 56

Centennial CoalMandalong Southern Extension Project

Mandalong RoadFigure 1-1

Job NumberRevision 1

22-17691

23 Nov 2016

Pavement Surveyo Date

Data source: LPI: DCDB/DTDB, 2012. LPI: Aerial, 2015. Created by: kpsroba

Paper Size A3

#* DefectMandalong Road


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

150016

00

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

270028

00

29003000

3100

3200

3300

340035

00

3600

3700

380039

00

4000

4100

4200

4300

4400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

5100

5200

5300

5400

5500

5600

5700

5800

5900

6000

6100

6200

6300

6400

6500

6600

6700

#*#*#*#*

#*#*

#*#*

#*

#*#*

#*#*#*#*

#*

#*

#*

#*#*

#*#*

#*

#*#*#*#*#*#* #*#*#*#*#*#*#* #*

#*#*

#*#*#*

#*#*#*#*

#*#*

#*

D41

D43

D38

D39

D42

Mandalong Road

Timber

Road

Browns

RoadS toc

kto

n Creek

Tobins Creek

Morans Creek

D27

D28D29D30

D31

D32D33

D34D35

D36

D37D40

D44D46

D47D48D49

D51

D52D53

D54

D55D56

D57

D58D59

D71



LEGEND0 50 100 15025






22-17691

23 Nov 2016

Pavement Surveyo Date


Paper Size A3



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

16001700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

390040

00

410042

00430044

00

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

5100

5200

5300

540055

005600

5700

5800

5900

6000

610062

00630064

006500

6600

6700

#*#*

#*#*#*

#*

#*#*#*

#*

#*

#*#*

#*

#*

#*#*

#*#*#*

#*

#*

#*

#*

Tobins Road

Mandalong Road

Morans C reek

Tobins Creek

D58

D59

D60D61

D62D63

D64

D65

D66D67D68

D69D70

D107

D108



LEGEND0 50 100 15025






22-17691

23 Nov 2016

Pavement Survey

o Date


Paper Size A3



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

39004000

4100420043

004400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

5100

5200

5300

5400

5500

5600

5700

5800

5900

6000

610062

00630064

006500

6600

6700

#*

#*#*

#*#*

#*#*#*#*#*

#*#*#*

#*#*

#*

#*#*#*

#*#*#*

#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#*

#*

#*#*

#*

#*#* #* #*

#*

#*

Chapman Road

Mandalong Road

Little Valley Road

Morans Creek

D69D70

D72D73D74

D75D76

D77D78

D79D80D81

D82D83

D84D85

D86

D87D88

D89D90D91

D92

D93

D94D95D96

D97D98

D99

D100D101

D102D103 D104

D105D106



LEGEND0 50 100 15025






22-17691

23 Nov 2016

Pavement Survey

o Date


Paper Size A3



Appendix B - General notes

GHD GEOTECHNICS Specialist Services in Geotechnical Engineering, Geology, Field/Laboratory Testing and Hydrogeology www.ghd.com.au/ghdgeotechnics

GENERAL NOTES

The report contains the results of a geotechnical investigation conducted for a specific purpose and client. The results should not be used by other parties, or for other purposes, as they may contain neither adequate nor appropriate information. In particular, the investigation does not cover contamination issues unless specifically required to do so by the client.

TEST HOLE LOGGING

The information on the test hole logs (boreholes, test pits, exposures etc.) is based on a visual and tactile assessment, except at the discrete locations where test information is available (field and/or laboratory results). The test hole logs include both factual data and inferred information. Moreover, the location of test holes should be considered approximate, unless noted otherwise (refer report). Reference should also be made to the relevant standard sheets for the explanation of logging procedures (Soil and Rock Descriptions, Core Log Sheet Notes etc.).

GROUNDWATER

Re

f:

DS

5.5

.1

Issu

e 1

.6

Date

: 2

8/0

7/2

00

9

Unless otherwise indicated, the water levels presented on the test hole logs are the levels of free water or seepage in the test hole recorded at the given time of measuring. The actual groundwater level may differ from this recorded level depending on material permeabilities (i.e. depending on response time of the measuring instrument). Further, variations of this level could occur with time due to such effects as seasonal, environmental and tidal fluctuations or construction activities. Confirmation of groundwater levels, phreatic surfaces or piezometric pressures can only be made by appropriate instrumentation techniques and monitoring programmes.

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

The discussion or recommendations contained within this report normally are based on a site evaluation from discrete test hole data, often with only approximate locations (e.g. GPS). Generalised, idealised or inferred subsurface conditions (including any geotechnical cross-sections) have been assumed or prepared by interpolation and/or extrapolation of these data. As such these conditions are an interpretation and must be considered as a guide only.

CHANGE IN CONDITIONS

Local variations or anomalies in the generalised ground conditions do occur in the natural environment, particularly between discrete test hole locations. Additionally, certain design or construction procedures may have been assumed in assessing the soil-structure interaction behaviour of the site. Furthermore, conditions may change at the site from those encountered at the time of the geotechnical investigation through construction activities and constantly changing natural forces.

Any change in design, in construction methods, or in ground conditions as noted during construction, from those assumed or reported should be referred to this firm for appropriate assessment and comment.

GEOTECHNICAL VERIFICATION

Verification of the geotechnical assumptions and/or model is an integral part of the design process - investigation, construction verification, and performance monitoring. Variability is a feature of the natural environment and, in many instances, verification of soil or rock quality, or foundation levels, is required. There may be a requirement to extend foundation depths, to modify a foundation system and/or to conduct monitoring as a result of this natural variability. Allowance for verification by appropriate geotechnical personnel must be recognised and programmed for construction.

FOUNDATIONS

Where referred to in the report, the soil or rock quality, or the recommended depth of any foundation (piles, caissons, footings etc.) is an engineering estimate. The estimate is influenced, and perhaps limited, by the fieldwork method and testing carried out in connection with the site investigation, and other pertinent information as has been made available. The material quality and/or foundation depth remains, however, an estimate and therefore liable to variation. Foundation drawings, designs and specifications should provide for variations in the final depth, depending upon the ground conditions at each point of support, and allow for geotechnical verification.

CLIMATE CHANGE

GHD Geotechnics acknowledges the occurrence of ongoing climate change. Cognisance is given to climate change issues as may be applicable to specific geotechnical investigations and assessments.

REPRODUCTION OF REPORTS

Where it is desired to reproduce the information contained in our geotechnical report, or other technical information, for the inclusion in contract documents or engineering specification of the subject development, such reproductions must include at least all of the relevant test hole and test data, together with the appropriate Standard Description sheets and remarks made in the written report of a factual or descriptive nature.

Reports are the subject of copyright and shall not be reproduced either totally or in part without the express permission of GHD.


Appendix C - DVD of photos and video

GHD

Level 3 GHD Tower 24 Honeysuckle Drive Newcastle NSW 2300 PO Box 5403 Hunter Region Mail Centre NSW 2310 T: (02) 4979 9999 F: (02) 4979 9988 E: [email protected]

© GHD 2016

This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

G:\22\17691\WP\113852.docx

Document Status

Rev No.

Author Reviewer Approved for Issue

Name Signature Name Signature Date

0 S Mackenzie P Youman P Youman 23/11/16

1 S Mackenzie P Youman P Youman 24/11/16

2 L Schneider P Youman P Youman 12/12/16

www.ghd.com

Documents

Centennial Mandalong Pty Ltd · 2017. 12. 7. · D35 2078 LH Shoving DS 2.0 x 1.0 x 0.03 m 1479098913222.jpg, 1479098888622.jpg, 1479098897928.jpg D36 2388 LH Edge drop ED 25 m long