CEN~T_TS OF INDIA 1951

VOL. VI PART lB

VITAL S'" J. 'A TISTI CS

WEST BENGAL

1941-1950

BY A. MITRA

of the Indian Civil Service, perintendent of Census OpeTations, West Bengal,

and

P. G. CHOUDHURY, Assistant Director of Health Services, Vital Statistics, West Bengal.

Pu::::.rcHED BY TO MANAGER OP PtJBLICAUO!fS, DELBI. Pax:-.·no BY THE GoV£RNMENT or INDIA PREss, CALCUTTA, IJrDIA,

1952.

Price: Bs. 2-4 or 3sh. 9d.

PCC.ll. ~

Llst of Acents lD India from whom Government of India PublicaUons are avallable.

AGRA-Eng:ish Book Dl-pl;t, Taj Road. NatJoGal Book Howe,l.i:::ndi. Wadhwa a: Co., Raja .•

AJilfEDABAD-Cbaodra Kant Chiman Lal Vora, Gandhi Road. lndradhana Book Howe Ltd., Mission Road, Bbadra. New Onkr Book Co., Ellis Bridge.

AjlfER-Banthya .t Co., Ltd., Station Road.

AKOLA-Babhi, r.rr. r.r. G.

ALLAHABAD-UIItral Book Of-pOt, 44• Johnston Ganj. Kitabi1tan, 17·A, City Road. Law Book Co., Post Bos No. 4• Allert Road. Ram Narain Lat. 1, Bank Road. Supdt., Ptg . .t Stationery, U. P. tJnavenity Book Agency (of Lahore), Post Bos No. 6J. Wheeler a: Co., Messra. A. H.

ALWAR-Jaioa General Stores, Bazaza Bazar.

A!>lBALA CA. 'fiT.­English Book !NpOt.

~fRITSAR-Peoplf'S' Book Shop, Court Road. Sikh Publiahing llou!MI Ltd., Court Road.

BANARA5-Banaraa Book Corporation, Univenity Road, P. 0. Lanka. Studrnta Friends, Univenity Gate. •Hindi Pustak Agency.

DASGALORE-IJook Emporium, Mes!!n. S. S., 118, G. H. Extension

Basavangudi P. 0. Vkhara Sahitya Ltd., Balepet.

DAREILLY-Aprwal Bros., Dara Da~. Sahitya Niketan, Pulkaz:a.

BARODA-Good Companions.

DIKA..~ER­Cioyal a: Co.

00:\lBAY- s· Bo ba Cliftnn .t Co .. P. 0. Bos No. 67SJ, aon, m y-22. CCM>prraton' Book JNpOt, 9, Bakehouse Lane, Fort. Current Book llouwe, Hornby Road. Dutt a: ("o., P. 0. Bo~ No. 6o14, Parel. Lakhani Book Drp0t, Bom~y·~· . National Information a: Pubhcabons Ltd., Nataonal Hou>~e. New IJo<>k Co., Kitab 1\.Iahal. 188-90. Hornby Road. Popular Book JNpOt, Grant Road. . Supdt., Gow-rnmrnt Printing ct Stationery, Queens RoaJ. Sy•k-nham Colk-ge Co-<lperative Stores, Ltd.. C)O, Hornby

Road. Ta ... porevala Sons a: Co., Messn. D. D. Thacla:f'f a: Co., Ltd. • b" Tripathi a: Co., Mf'San. N. M., Princess Street, Kah·au•· 1

Road. · Wbf'rl«"r .t Co., r.tessn. A. H.

CALCL"TTA-Chatterjee a: Co., ,l. Da~ Ram Chatterjee Lane. •Hmda Pustak Agency, ZOJ, Harrison Road. Handu Library, «>9-A, Dala Ram De Street. Lahiri .t Co.. Ltd., Mrssn. S. K. Sewman ct Co., Ltd., Messn. W. R. Cambray ct Co., Ltd., Kent House, P·JJ, Mu.sion Row · Extension. Roy Chowdhury .t Co., Messrs. N. l\1., 7l, Harrison Ru;\J. Sarkar .t Sons Ltd., Mt'liSn. S.C. t/1/lC, Collt-ge Squ.1re. Standard Law Book Society, 41, Beltala Road, Dhowanipur

P. 0. Thacker, Spink .t Co. t f9JJ) Ltd.

CHAl1BA-Chamba Stationf'ry l\Ia1 t

C.HASDAUSI-l\Ir. .Madan Mohan.

CUTTACK-Press Officer, Orissa Secretariat.

DEHRA DUN-Jugal Kishore ;t Co.

DELHI-Atma Ram a: Son§, Publishers, etc., Kashmere Gate. Bahri Brothers, 188, Lajpat Rai Market. Federal Law Drp6t, Kashmere Gate. •Hindi Pustak Agency. Imperial Publishing Co., J, Faiz: Bazar, Darya Ganj. Indian Army Book Dep6t, J, ~ Ganj. Jaina .t Bro!l., Messrs. J. M., Mon Gate. 1\1. Gulab Singh & Sons. Metropolitan Hook Co., Delhi Gate. N. C. Kan§il ;t Co., Model Basti, Lane No. J. New Stationery House, Subzimandi. Technical a: Commercial Book Dep6t, Students Park,

Kashmere Gate. Youngman ;t Co. (Regd.), Egerton Road.

FEROZEPUR­English Book DepOt.

GORAKHPUR-Halchal Sahitya l\Iandir.

GWALIOR-Jain a: Bros., Messn. M. D., Sarafa Road. Mr. P. T. Sathe, Law Books Dealer.

· HYDERABAD (DECCAN)-Hyderabad Book DepOt.

INDORE- . Students and Studies, Sanyogataganj.

JAIPUR CITY-Garg Book Co., Tripola Bazar .. Vani Mandir, Sawai Mansingh ll•ghway.

J .~M:\fU (T A \\"I)-Krishna Grntral Stol"l'!!, Raghunath Bazar.

JliASSI-Bhatia Book Dep6t. Sadar Bazar. English Book DepOt.

JODHPL'R-Kitab Ghar, Sojati Gate. Mr. Dwarkadas Rathi.

•For Hindi Publications only. [co•tiau.ed CHI i•u•er sid• of 1116 btJclt covr.r.]

CENSUS OF INDIA 1951

VOL. VI PART 18

VITAL STATISTICS

WEST BENGAL

1941-1950

BY A. MITRA

of the Indian Civil Service, Superintendent of Census Operations, West Bengal,

and

P. G. CHOUDHURY, Assistant Director of Hedth Sen-ices, Vital Statistics, West Bengal.

PmlusBED BT THE MA.'fAGER OF PuJruc.&nOlfS.- Dl:un. ~BY TBI: Gm.'"E~~ OF L'fDIA PREss, CALCUTrA. l!\1114.

1952.

CONTENTS

PREFACE' PAGE

Preliminary remarks Errors in registration of vital statistics Births Deaths Deaths by age, sex and communities Deaths classified by cause of death Death rate from child birth . Health Services of West Bengal Food production Roads Protected water supply Housing in crowded areas Diet Middle class family budget enquiry, 1945-46

TABLES

1. Table 1. Actual number of births and deaths annually reported for each sex for the

1 3 4 4 4 5 8

10 11 13 14 16 18 20

State of West Bengal during the decade 1941-50 21 2. Tables 1.1-1.10. Actual number of births and deaths reported for each sex in the

State of West Bengal, division and district during 1941-50 . . 21-26 3. Table 2. Total births 1941-50 for each year by male and female and by district 27 4. Table 3. Births rates-number of births per one thousand of the total population calculated

on the population of 1941 for the year 1941-50 and each individual year by male and female and districts . 27

5. Table 4. Births rates-number of births 'per one thousand of the total population calculated on the estimated population on 30th June of each year 1941-50 and for each year specially by male and female, district by district 28

6. Table 5. Female births reported per one thousand male births reported annually in each district 1941-50 and for each year . 28

7. Table 6. Total deaths. 1941-50 and for each year by male and female, by districts . 29 8. Table 7. Death rate-number of deaths per one thousand of the same sex calculated on the

population of 1941 for 1941-50 and for each year by male and female and by district 29 9. Table 8. Death rate-number of deaths per one thousand of the same sex calculated on the

estimated population :m 30th Juna of each year 1941-50 by male and female and district • 30 10. Table 9. Annual death rate by sex and age groups 1941-50 (deaths reported per one

thousand of the same sex and age living at the census of 1941) for 1941-50, for each year by male and female and by age groups . 30

11. Table 10. Female deaths per one thousand male deaths annually in each district 1941-50 and for each year 31

12. Table 11. Number of deaths annually reported for each sex at given age groups 1941-50 for males 31

13. Table 12. Number of deaths annually reported for each sex at given age groups 1941-50 for females 32

14. Table 13. Female deaths per one thousand male deaths annually by selected religions 1941-50 and for each year • • . • . ·• . • • • . • • 33

15. Table 14. Monthly average number of female deaths per one thousand male deaths all religions (Hindu and Muslim) for 1941-50 arranged by the 12 months 33

16. Tables 15.1-15.12. Annual deaths from selected causes, i.e., cholera, fever, siJ'all-pox plague, dysentery, diarrhrea, enteric group of fevers, respiratory diseases other than tuberculosis of lungs, suicide, child birth, malaria, kala-azar, tuberculosis of lungs and snake bites by sex 1941-50 actual deaths reported, year by year and for period 1941-50 by male and female, district by district (12 tables) • • 34-39

17. Tables 16.1-16.12. Annual death rate from selected causes as stated above by sex 1941-50. Reported annual death rate per one thousand of the same ~ex calculated on the population of 1941 for 1941-50 and for each individual year by male and female (12 tables) • 1 • • 40-45

( 1i )

18. Tables 17.1-17.12. Number of deaths reported from selected t·au~es as state.:! above J: r one thousand deaths from all causes by sex for penod 1941-53 and for each ye_r by male and female, district by d!Strict (12 tables) . <J-Sl

APPE.'iDICES 1. Appendix A-A brief account of the history of Vital Statistics in West I:engal 52 2. B-Extracts from the Report of a Pilot Survey held in the districts of I:ar.kura,

:-l'adia, 2-l-Parganas, Maida and Darjeeling in the year 1943 58 3. C-The Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1873 . 62 4. I-:\lllestones in the development of vital statistics in India and outside 64 5. II-A calendar of registration of vital events from 1870 in :cengal 64 6. III-List of Notifiable Diseases . 66 7 8.

I\' -Births and Deaths since 187!J in districts of West Bengal V-Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal .

67 t:J

PREFACF! ' It is as reasonable to represent one kind of imprisonment by another, as it is to

represent anything that really exists by that which exists not ! ' -" Robinson Crusoe's Preface " to the third volume of Robinson Crusoe-Daniel Defoe (quoted by Albert Camus in The Plague).

At the instance of the Superintendent oi Census Operations, West Bengal and Sikkim, the Assistant Director, Vital Statistics, to the Direc­torate of Health Services, Wesi Bengal, compiled sixty tables of which eighteen were principal and fortytwo subsidiary. The tables were devised on the subsidiary tables and statemenu printed in the 1931 and 1921 Reports for thE Census of Bengal thus making comparisons possible over a period of forty years (1911-1950). The fortytwo supporting tables yield details hitherto inaccessible to any but departmental

·workers and crude absolute figures are given as much as possible, considering how misleading percentages and rates are liable to be of figures already suspect and often patently spurious.

One can quite pertinently ask, why, then, bother to publish figures thaL are incorrect, if not false, that underestimate several kinds of vital occurrences as much as several times the published figure? Are they intended for make­belief, whitewash or an apology?

It will not take the experienced eye more than a few minutes to discover how untrust­worthy the crude figures are by themselves, and, indeed this little preface will not attempt to conceal the many defects and loopholes. Yet the tables are presented with two objects in view. Firstly, it seeks to focus public attention on the deplorable state of birth and death regis­tration in our country. In 1933 L. S. Vaidya­nathan observed in his Actuarial Report on the Census of India 1931 that " a study of the figures in the Table will show that Delhi, Assam and Bengal are almost in the vanguard of provinces that maintain inaccurate vital records a.s the increases in the population of the decade in these provinces traced through vital records are nearly 64, 61, and 57 per cent. respectively in defect of the increases revealed by the census enumeration."• As will be presently stated the position, instead of improving, has deteriorated even by 1931 standards.

Not that registration of vital occurrences even in countries like Great Britain and the U. S. A. is perfect, but whereas in these and other countries a ceaseless effort goes on to per­fect the machinery by legislation and propa­ganda, the primitive machinery in our country,

• Census of India, VoL I; Part I ID.dia Report. p. 111.

never sought to be improved, is breaking down for apathy and lack o{ administrative supervi­sion. The importance and value of vital statis­tics for Public Health Departments, to medical science and to other social needs are increasingly realised. In an atmosphere thick with the fumes of planning the fact that Vital Statistics "define the problems and measure the results of public­health work", and form the basis of all intelli­gent programmes js generally admitted, medical men and researchers deplore the present state and method of collection, while the uses of a birth or death certificate are becoming far too numerous even in the life of the common man. But the determination to improve registration is lacking. Very few of us even know that a birth or a death is compulsorily notifiable within eight days of its occurrence, that the law lays down penalties for failure to report, that this law is as old as 1873. This legislation has never had teeth in it. A pilot survey conducted in 1947-48 by the Assistant Director, Health Services, Vital Statistics, to the Directorate of Health Services, in certain parts of West Bengal recorded wide­spread apathy, even hostility on the part of physicians and midwives towards registration. The State Government now propose to introduce the compulsory issue of birth certificates to all school-going children in Primary and Secondary Schools and thereby popularise birth and death registration. They also propose to fasten the responsibility of reporting births and deaths on physicians and midwives through the Rural Health Centres, but until the importance of registration is driven home to the minds of the common people through long years of steady propaganda, physicians and midwives made legally liable, the chances o{ the idea catching on are small. The U. S. Department of Com­merce through the U. S. A. Census Bureau issues to every physician a Physician'• Handbook on Birth and Death RegistTation which describes the duties of physicians and midwives on the filling of certificates of birth and death, the method of their preparation, the importance of. registration, the system of registration, and an International List of causes of Death for ready reference and as if to interest and invite the physician to take pride in his work as a contri­bution to the Nation, it publishes as an appendix C eight tables and four charts summarising and

5howing the trends of vital occurrences in lhe U. S. A. First prepared in 1910 it was revised and published in 1939 and given to every practi­tioner. • A similar booklet, and an imperative moud in the law's grammar respec~'ng them, may induce physicians and midwives to take more active interest.

In the second place, the tables, while they are their ov,"ll apology and although the crude figures they record must be largely fictitious, yet present a picture consistent Vlrithin their frame­work, a logic of reality in spite of the figures being unreal. It will be seen that underregistra­tions are fairly unilorm and do not take sudden leaps and bounds from year to year, and the texture of reporting of vital occurrences by causes of death has the virtue of an even tension. In the majority of the tables few distinct trends are noticeable-this corresponds to general and expert experience-and insofar as they are so, they yield clues to the real state. This achieves the second object, that the tables exhibit ratios, tensions and relations that correspond to reality, while the data are unreal-and therefore do not deserve to be summarily dismissed. They give food for thought.

Population-West Bengal's population in the 1951 Census (1 March) stands at 24,810.308. The population in 1941 (1 March) for the same area was 21,837,295. There has been thus an apparent increase of 2,973,013 persons or 13 6 per cent. in population over the decade. But in the following discussion, figures of Cooch Behar not having been included in the tables, the popu­lation of Cooch Behar is excluded upon which the population of West Bengal stood at 24,139,150 on 1 .March 1951 and 21,196,453 on 1 March 1941, showing an apparent increase of 2,942,697 or 13 9 per cent. in population over the decade. This however does not take into account the immigra-

uon of refugees into West Bengal from Pam tan and the steady migration into Ca.icutta and other distric~ fro~ other Indian States and foreign countries. DISplaced persons from Pakistan numbered 2.11"1,896 inclusive of ·cooch Behar and Y.ithout that district 1,999,154 on 1 1\larch and although clear instructions were issued to enu­merators not to show as displaced infants and children born to displaced parents after their immigration, it is by no means certain that these instructions were strictly observed. Figures of immigration into West Bengal during the decade cannot be set off against t.:~tal increase so readllv. because immigration in the census is judged by ~eturn of place of birth and not by date of entry mto the State. Thus the figures of immigration that will be eventually published in the Census tables will include those that were counted as migrants in past censuses and only detailed but faulty investigation by age groups may yield a partial clue to the figures of migration between 1941 and 1950. Natural increase is therefore very difficult to assess and Statement 1 merely gives in absolute figures the exctss of registration of births over deaths by sex and district. But it is pertinent to try to assess the natural increase by the exclusion of displaced persons which yields 2,942,697 less 1,999,154 or 943,543 for West Bengal excluding Cooch Behar, or an increase at the rate of 4·51 per cent. for the decade or an annual rate of increase of ·46 per cent. The excess of births over deaths numbered 362,105.

Errors in registration of vital events-When this figure is compared with the actual increase of population over the decade it reveals a defect of about 88 per cent. in the registration of births and deaths. The findings for each district in Statement 1 will show a similar degree of defect and a very similar ratio. If, howcvei. the t101tal of displaced persons i:. considered the defect in

STATEMENT 1 Vital Statistics 1941-51

Variation txct•u (HtfrrPoce IV41·61 olblrtb ucr .. (+) lA:Jhunn It •n

Cf'n"ua Ct'DWU aecorllin~ ID Blrtba Jl.•atha ov•r drath( +) dt•lklt(-) v-·r~···nttto~e

llloUkla UH llli>l .......... l1141•6U 111-&1-i>U dedcl•ncy (-) of columo Lo culuwa t Ex.,....(+) aod du.rin.a: lnW>r• OYt"r

clellclomo:y (-) ce~W~AjiCillod culuw.n 'I 1 z I • 6 • 7 8 II

llur>l ... .... ~•),73~ %,1Vl,M7 +3Utt.9.J!j 4~1.Hil 37~.~·· + ·~~.=-:t,j +~~1.4•10 "' 11•r•·tt•• l,...,..al7 l,lHh>,~l + ·~ •• -.. ;:& ~77 ,&-Ill :!17,JVd - V,iU7 + :l-t',.-!iY I"~ ...... ~ ... l.~"'w.~.t l,aJY.~f,v + ~ll,ti111 31a,ti~• :tt;~.v:J."J + ·~.6~11 - 17,u:n "' .. lllnaf"'l 3,1W.OH7 a,a;,v,u·.,!~ +1~~<~,Ja 771.1H8 ~ ... \1,,_76 ..._ J~l,l7U + 47,:.!116 ~· . , ...... , l.l71,;:" l.b~.~~'O + 11•l,.:.vt 341<1 .... 1;1 ;:.U,:ll~ ... ;a,ti,:,7 + ltt.I,YJ.-4 b7 ....... ,. .. I.410J,ll4•4 l,eu.~; a +I~J,Uf\11 ~U.~J7 :::.; .~iiJ - ·~.4JJ +l.I.J,:,o~ 11•1

••·~>..-.- 1.66V,411U t,6toV,~11fl +11.1~.~111 tSt\.e,l:l~ iJ;::,uw ... Vti,oJe ....... J,i""J "'' l'UnllLa :£.1ue.-wl :t.a•".c;; +4.•1i,il"O JU.il!l 4:.!7 ,:.!tUI - ~:.!.Ujl .,. !l~.!.a.:7 II~

~a.t1a • .............. I.IH,II~4 + atJ4,ri:!l ~~6.3111 :Wi,li•& - 11.~~7 ..,.. 31.i, .... ;M lUI ,. .. hl~·lal-1 &,64u,.:..to a,; LJ,J.,., • f.),:!:!V •:.:v,.,w av.o;,;:i4 + :.i(J,I"'t;.;, -t ····'''" v~

"'-· ...... 11..., ~3.4··· ;:.:o,.-;s + lJi.O"'" ··~.~\it HU,JII:. -t 1:.',1":.:• + l:.!~.;.!r.:. , .. J~ .... ~ .. , • l'l,;.,;u~ ........... + ~,l"i.SG ='Jl,v:,:J ~J;l.~\.t + lO,.Hi' -t :..:.• ;2 711 .... '"'"'"' a;d,>GII ,,,:,,~,.., + 01 •,I'll I }U.j.,~:,!.; "'-t',Oj.u + 7,77d + 61,11" ·~ M..Wa. "'4,H.\ "~j .~ ..... ... Vd . ..:t•f) ]6:,,:.; .. J,,,,.:n + ~: •. ).~f'\ . r.•.t:.:v 71 . t""' ,,., "'- .... 1\ra,cal (U• ''·'~) •• .,J .:•,l..t\J,l""" + "'"'t·'~; 4,t>ou,~• ,,~lO<>,ll• II ..,..o~lv., +~ . .:.....u,.:.--~ .... -·uac l·.-.. aw .... ,

'Ph75kian'1 llaudlxlok on Birth and Death Registration: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 1939. Priced U c:ena but available without charge trom the Bureau of the Census. upon rcque~t.

3

registration reduces to 62 per cent. and State- of the primary reporters-the village watchman. ment 2 gives Statement 1 corrected for the -deserted owing to their meagre•pay or recruited numbers of displaced persons for every district in the World War li or removed by_ famine in and for the State. This defect would no doubt 1943, not replaced until after several years, reduce further if an accurate assessment of reasons sufficient to cause a grievous breakdown migrants were possible but even then the defect were it not that the law held a great deal of in registration does not compare unfavourably fear and sanctity for this class of people, the with that of the previous decade (1931-40) which defect in registration cannot be regarded as was 62·3 per cent. Considering that a great many unusual.

STATEMENT 2 Errors in Registration of Vital Statistics (without Displaced Population) 1941-51

Natural Dist.riC'ts Celli! US Census Difference Ia Displaced Increase Births Deaths Difference Col. (6) C'ol. 10 In

1941 1951 population population in 19!1·50 1941·30 minus percentage Coi.(O) to Col. 6

Burdwan Birhlmm Bankura Midnapur Huo~Wy Howrah . 2t·Pa.rJZ&Dil8 • Calc-utta SadiA Mur.llidabad W ~st Dinajpur .lAlpaiJ;!uri ))arjt"eling Maida

2

1,890,732 1,048,317 1,!!89,640 3,190,647 1,377,729 1,490,304 3,669,490 2,108,891

840,:>03 1,640,530

583,484 845,702 376,869 844,315

3

2,191,667 + 1,066,889 + 1,319,259 + 8,359,022 + 1,554,320 + 1,611,373 + 4,609,309 + 2,548,677 + 1,144,924 ... 1,715,759 +

720,573 + 914,538 + 445,260 + 1137,58J +

4 6

300,935 96,105 18.572 11,783 29,619 9,294

1~~,375 33,579 176,591 51,153 121,069 61,096 939.~19 527,262 4~~.786 433,228 sv~.621 426,907

75,2i9 58,729 1:!7,089 1,15,510 68,836 98,572 68,891 15,738 93,263 60,1.98

ToT.i.L for West Bengal 21,196,453 24,139,150 +2,942,697 1,999,154 (excluding Cooeh Behar)

Applying the average rate of increase over the decade, and excluding the displaced population, the annual increase in population comes to 94,354 or 4·5 per mille·. The decade had no dE-arth of Malthusian checks, of which more presently. The ardent Malthusian will be delighted at the poor rate of growth to the curbing of which war, famine, pestilence, civil commotion and rioting and chopping off of the country lent generous hands. Table 3 shows the total births by male and female, district by district, year by year, as well as the decennial average for the whole of West Bengal, while Table 7 correspondingly shows the total deaths. The devastating sweep of the famine will be evident from a comparison of the two tables. Only two districts, Hooghly and West Dinajpur, showed a small excess of births over deaths in 1943, and Darjeeling showed a small excess in . respect of female births. All other districts went down heavily under the sickle of death, whereas none of them, except Calcutta, where a trend of depopulation seems to be chronic up to the end of 1948, showed signs of a decreasing population up to 1942. Between 1881 and 1890 there was a bad famine and the Census Report for 1891 had occasion to observe how it took from three to four years to restore the vitality of the worst a!:ccted tracts1

• A similar period was taken after 1943. Births touched the lowest mark in almost all ·districts in 19H the year immediately after the famine, while they touched the high<>st in 1946. The excess of

• Census of India, 1891. Report Volume, p. 62.

population

6 7 8 9' 10 11

+204,83(1 + 6,789 + 20,325 + 134,796 +125,43K + 59,973 +412,557 + 6,558 -122,21'6 + 16,500 + 21,579 - 29,736 + 53,153 + 33,067

421,749 872,214 + 49,535 + 155,2!15 76 277,689 287,396 9,707 + 16,4Y6 243 315,624 268,935 + 46,689 - 26,364 130 771,046 649,8711 + 121,170 + 13,6'!6 10 808,863 !233,206 + 75,657 + 49,781 40 244,837 : 257,270 - 12,433 + 72,406 121 (168,128 572,090 + 96,038 + 316,519 77 344,718 427,269 - 82,551 + 89.109 1,359 226,391 237,648 - 11,257 - 111,029 91 429,599 398,734 + 30,865 - 14,365 87 148,989 140,165 + . 8,824, + 12,705 '59 231,953 21& 689 + 16,364 - 46,100 155 105,825 98,050 + 7,775 + 45,878 85 166,573 140,437 + 25,136 + 7,031 24

+943,543 4,660,984 4,298,879 +862,105 + 681,438 62;

deaths over births continued · in· · Burdwan, Bankura, Midnapur, 24-Parganas and Maida in 1943 and 1944; in Howrah, Nadia, Murshidabad, J alpaiguri and Darjeeling through 1943, 1944 and 1945. In Calcutta excess of deaths over births chimed in with this trend and swelled the figures inordinately. Birbhum took the longest time to recover ; excess of deaths over births continued till the end of 1947, to recover slightly in 1948 and 1949, to relapse again in 1950. Table 1 gives the births and deat.hs annually reported for the State of West Bengal for 1941-50 and confirms the above conclusions. The year 1950 was a year of bad health and epidemics and in Birbhum, Nadia and West Dinajpur . deaths exceeded births. 'Births gained their peak in 1946,-life asserting itself over death-to taper off to normal. proportions

· towards 1950, and figures of birth rates at the end of the decade as well as of death rates may nourish hopes of a small falling rate in both. But how far this seemingly reducing birth and death rates are real cannot be assessed with certitude, because on all showing there may have been a further fall in efficiency of registration since 1946. The average number of female births per 1,000 male births was 926·2 for 1941-50 and that for deaths waa 918·5, and while the figures from year to year have fluctuated and show no definite regular trend it is a matter of concern that female deaths per 1,000 male deaths touched their peak in 1949 (955·6) for. the decade. wh.ile figures for 1944-50 have been much higher than those for 1941-43 (Table 1).

BirtJu-The distribution of births by sex, year and district during 1941-50 is shown in Table 3 while the birth rates are shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6. About 466 thousands of births per year were the normal experience for the State, 242 thousands being males and 224 thousands females, thus yielding a birth rate of 24·0 per mille on an average in the middle of each year, of which 12·3 per mille were males and 11·7 were females. There were more males born than females and the rate, 926·2 female births per 1,000 male births, for 1941-50 represents more or less the rate for the individual intermediate years. The birth rate starting at 25·5 in 1941 touched its lowest in 1944 at 17·9 as a result of the Famine, climbed again to 24·7 in 1946 to fall off steadily to reach 20·7 per mille in 1950. Before 1943 a birth rate of over 30 per mille of population was recorded by the districts of Birbhum (34·2 in 1941 and 34·8 in 1942), Nadia (32·6 in 1941 and 33·8 in 1942), Murshidabad (34·5 in 1941 and 33·0 in 1942), Jalpaigurl (30·7 in 1941 and 30·9 in 1942) and Darjeeling (30·1 in 1941), and a birth rate below 20 per mille was noticed only in the districts of Howrah (19·7 in 1941 and 15·7 in 1942), Calcutta (13·9 in 1941 and 9·4 in 1942) and Maida (17·9 in 1941 and 14·0 in 1942). The birlh rate imme­diately after the Famine (1944) was lower than that in 1941 in almost all districts, and the propor­tionate fall in the birth rate was maximum in the district of Murshidabad (17·9) to be followed by Nadia (19·3), Birbhum (20·6), Darjeeling (20·5) and Jalpaigurl (21·2). Thus the districts where birth rates were the highest in 1941-42 showed the greatest relative fall in birth rate in 1944, decidedly a greater rate of fall than those districts which showed a smaller birth rate in 1941-42. Calcutta bas been showing a steadily climbing birth rate since 1943, one reason for it possibly being greater efficiency in registration.

Death.t-Deaths by year, district and sex and averages for the decade are given in Tables 7, 8 and 9. About 429 thousand deaths per year were the normal experience for the State, 224 thousand being males and 205 thousand females, thus yield­ing a death rate of 20·3 per mille on an average in the middle of each year. The average specific death rate for males for 1941-50 was 19·4 per mille and for females 21·2 per mille. The specific death rate (number of deaths per !.,000 of the same sex) for females was found to be greater than that for males for every year of 'the decade in the districts of Burdwan. Hooghly (except in 1943) Howrah (except in 1943), 24-Parganas (ex~pt in 1943), Calcutta, Nadia (except in 1941, 1942 and 1945). Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling. The exceptions for 1943 in Hooghly, Howrah and 24-Parganas may well have been due to defective ft'gistration of female d('aths in the Famine year.

The remaining districts do not show any notice· able preponderance of male deaths per 1.000 males over female deaths per 1,000 fe.-;,ales. but just a narrow often doubtful. margin. The pre­ponderance of female deaths per mille females over male deaths per mille males has bN'n less than 2 in most districts and years but in Calcutta was as much as 20·2 in 1950, 18 6 in 1943, 18 in 1943, 16·1 in 1944. 15·4 in 1949. H t in 1947. 12·1 in 1945, 11·5 in 1941, 11·1 in 1946. 5·5 in 1942 and 14·3 as the annual average f(\r Lhe d(-<'ade (<'al­culated on the estimated population at the middle of each year). This is 86 per cent. more than the specific death rate for males in Calcutta and the reason should be investigated.

The maximum deaths - were registered in Burdwan, Hooghly, Howrah. Calcutta, Maida, West Dinajpur and Jalpaiguri in 1944, the year following the famine. It is possible that deaths in these districts had been greater in 1943, and went unregistered. Of these, none except Burdwan and West Dinajpur was a surplus rice­growing district. Deaths touched their maxi­mum in 1943 in the other districts (Birbhum, Bankura, Midnapur, 24-Parganas. Nadia, and Murshidabad) all of which were either surplus or self-sufficient in food-grains in normal times. Before 1943, death rates above 25 per mille were recorded in the districts of Nadia and Darjeeling, a death rate above 20 but below 25 per mille in Birbhum, Bankura, Murshidabad and Jalpaiguri, a rate below 20 in the remaining districts, the lowest being Maida. In 1943 all districts showed very high death rates, Nadia recording the maxi­mum followed by Birbhum and Murshidabad wher~ the death rate was around 30 per mille. The rise in death rates between 1941 and 1943 was maximum in the Nadia district and next in Murshidabad where. it is pertinent to note, birth rates were the highest before 1943. Following the trend for birth rates, it may be obc;erved t?at

·those districts in which the death ratt> was htgh in 1941-42 showed a proportionately greater rise in its rate in 1943 than other districts where the death rate was comparatively low before 1943.

Deaths by age and sex and communities­These are given in Tables 8-15. The force of mortality was found to be greater among females than among males, although the actual number of male deaths was more than female deaths. This apparent contradiction may be due to two causes: the preponderance of males over females in the State and the steady immigration of_ a large male population. ~e great~r mortality among females must be a btg factor m the steady decline of the female population of the State, where the gap between the number of males and females has been steadily widening since 1901. The ratio of female deaths to 1,000 male deaths

was an annual average of 918·5 for the decade, but as has already been noted, female deatrs per 1,000 male deaths have been greater in the years 1944-50 than in 1941-43. The greater mortality among females than among males,-a circum­stance contrary to the expectations of a civilised country-is itself a grave enough reflexion on the state of its public health and the fact that it has been worse in the past three years than pre­viously probably indicates how inadequate exist­ing medical and public health measures have been to cope with a sudden influx of over 2·1 million refugees.

It may be mentioned in passing that in 194S female deaths exceeded male deaths only in Burdwan, Calcutta, Nadia, Jalpaiguri, West Dinajpur and Darjeeling. But in 1944 female deaths exceeded male deaths in these other dis­tricts as well as in those of 1943 : Birbhum, Hooghly, Howrah and 24-Parganas. In Hooghly, Howrah and Calcutta undernourishment and un­employment may have removed many women who were residents as well as those who had gathered from other districts ..

The specific rate of female deaths during the decade was higher than that of male deaths in the age groups of 1-5, 5-10, 15-40 and 60 and above, while the specific death rate for males were higher than that for females in the age groups 0-1, 10-15 and 40-60 years. This more or less corresponds to a universal trend but the differences are far more acute than in western countries and absolute figures, even as they are, are depressing. The reasons for the higher specific mortality among females in the age­groups 1-5, 5-10, and 15-40, and 60 and above, not only as an annual average for the decade but for each year, may be found in the comparative neglect to which female children below 10 and women above 60 years of age are subject, greater risks attendant on women in the reproductive stage 15-40. Women enjoy a lower specific mortality than men only in the age groups 10-15 and 40-60, in the former because nature endows them with greater sturdiness in that period as is universally observed ; in the latter because they have gone through the reproductive stage and are left in relative peace and comfort. Also because the hazards of life are greater for males in the age group 40-60 which are increased by the fate of the vast majority of males at these ages finding themselves the only breadwinners of their families and therefore bearing all the attendant strain and anxiety. Thus, these two groups do not indicate any exceptional social attention- or medical aid, and the overall picture contributes to a steady decline of females.

The specific death rates according to ages show the normal U shaped curve. The bottom of

1 CENSUS

5

the U is at the age group 10-15 years, the death rate for infants between 0 and 1 being 172·1 for males and 156·0 for females, the death rate for the age groups of 60 years and above being 84·6 for males and 94·4 for females. Table 9 will show that infants and children up to 5 -years of age fell the easiest victims to the 1943 famine, and next came persons aged above 30 years. Persons between the ages of 5 and 30 years suffered least and fought the Famine best.

Tables 10-12 illustrate and confirm the above remarks in detail. The districts of Howrah, 24-Parganas and Calcutta where the hazards of life for males are greater than those for females showed a greater number of male deaths than females, although the picture for specific morta­lity rates for males and females are necessarily different. The reproduction age takes a heavy toll of women, 1,246 female deaths for every 1,000 male deaths in age group· 15-20, and 1,296 female deaths per 1,000 male deaths in the age group 20-30. The proportion of female deaths to 1,000 male deaths was an annual average of 918·5 for the decade, but as will be evident from this discussion this average conceals a number of gaping wounds which cry out for vigorous social and public health measures. The differ­ence between male and female deaths greatly widened in 1943, the famine year, which can be

. partly explained by the defect in registration of female deaths at this period. But this difference narrowed down in later years. In Birbhum female deaths per 1,000 male deaths exceeded 1,000 in 1944 (1,035·2), 1945 (1,028·1), 1946 (1,012·9) and 1949 (1,015·7), and the' same happened in Midnapur in 1948 (1,000·8) and 1949 (1,017·0) and it occurred also in Nadia~ 1949 (1,017·0).

· Tables 13 and 14 will show that female deaths per 1,000 male deaths are lowest among Christians (851·6 for the decade) and highest among Hindus (922·5) and intermediate for Muslims (896·3). All. appreciable seasonal varia­tion in the monthly averages of female deaths per 1,000 male deaths for all religions during the decade is noticeable in Table 15, the highest rate being touched in November and the lowest in June. In November, disease and confinement strike jointly their hardest while in June the comparative slackness of disease and paucity of confinements lower the rates. The female death rate per l,OOQ male deaths for Hindus reaches its peak in November (970·4) while that for Muslims touches 979·9; the· trough is reached in June, Hindus standing at 894·6 and Muslims a"f 841·5.

Deaths classified by causes of death-This is where, next to overall defective registration of births and deaths, we find registration most ·at fault. Whereas even in 1939 the Bureau of the

2

Census of the U.S. A claimed that .. about nine­tenths of all births and an even higher propor­tion of deaths which occur yearly in the United States are attended by physicians", it would not perhaps be an exaggeration to assert that about nine-tenths of all births and an even higher pro­portion of deaths in our country are not attended by qualified or unqualified midwives or physi­cians. ConsequenUy causes of still birth (or an accurate record of it), death of infants at birth. maternal and infant mortality have never been properly investigated in our land except for small samples, and diseases causing death at ages over one year go improperly or fancifully recorded. It will presenUy be seen that in those districts where medical attention is more easily procurable deaths due to "Fever " have showed a steady decline. Causes of death are left to the fancy of the illiterate village watchman. Even in rural or town hospitals the clinical and therapeutic standards are such as would put under doubt quite a proportion of the declared causes of death. Against such a background it

i3 pleasant to note the even texture of the figu~ for each district over the decade ; they even dis-· play trends. And be it noted that the figur~ are all crude figures and no effort has been made to graduate them.

Tables 15 series exhibit deaths due to d1fft>rent causes. The average number of annual dt>aths by sex due to each major cause during the decade together \\ith their rates and proportion to total deaths is shown in Statement 3.

It will appear that about 54 per cent of total deaths is claimed by Fever, a term which, frankly, means lack of diagnosis and perhap& treatment. 9·1 per cent goes under respiratory diseases other than T. B. of the lungs, 6·7 per cent. under dysentery and diarrhoea, 4 per cent under cholera, 2 per cent. under smallpox, 1·7 per cent. under pulmonary tuberculosis, and under 1 per cent. for other diseases. The magni­tude of the problem for the State is thus obvious. The annual death rate by principal causes is given in Statements 3 and 4.

STATEMENT 3

Average number of Annual Deaths by s~x due to several causes with their Rates and Ptoportion to Total Deaths 1941-50

Dune. &An l'aOPOUIOJf TOTAl.

llale l'emale Kale lemale Kale l'•malo

Cbolera. 11,036 8,866 •8 1·0 tO·S U·O U·O

r.,.. .. ucludlncllalarta aacl llala-uar M,8tl 611,876 6•8 6·1 l9il·8 200·0 29,•3

8maU·po& 4,161 4,187 •4 •4 lD·O 2tl·7 ~~-~

P~at~ue 7 I -out oOOOll ·03 •01 -o~

DyaeaterJ aad Dlarrb- aacl eaterlc IJ'OUII o>f ,.,.. .. . U,766 11,1168 1·1 ••• 6!>·8 67•8 66·8

Reeplralorf 4'-otber &baa T, B. orlllll(la . 111,116 11,623 1•7 1·8 86·8 11()-tl

·~·· Bulrlde 661 6311 •01'1 •1 1·6 2·6 H•

Cblld birth 1,8111 ·• 10·6 7·11

Malaria , 61,1121 60,7n 4·6 6·1 231·7 246·11 ~:l.i.

)[ala- 1,888 1168 •1 •1 8·2 4•7 ;, .. T.B.ofla .... , 4,828 1,821 •4 •I 21-C> 12·': I 7·3

8aakebl._ . 871 771 •1 •1 8·11 8·7 a-1

7H•6 7"V·1 771"8

STATEMENT 4

Decennial Death Rates per 1,000 Population in West Bengal 1941-50

DYI"''I~, IHarrhof'a

T. B.<.! y.,. Cbolon , ....... 8...U·poll &lid Kntertc llalarla J[ala-aaar Group of Lun~~a rnen

1N1 •7 1·1 •4 1·1 t·O oCJII ·a~

uu ., 8·6 oOI 1-1 4·0 -o7 •aJ • • • •

1t41 1•7 16·1 •I 1·11 7·11 o()9 •3= • • • • INt • 1·0 16·1 1·1 1·7 7·• o()9 ·16

ltll .. 11·7 1·1 1·1 6·11 •J! ·~3

• lfU • • •6 lOot -I 1·1 •·• •I& ·=· IN7 ·6 ll·t •1 1·1 , .. ·U •34 .... .. 1·1 .. 1·1 ••• •I& ·M • • • ·~) .. 8·7 •1 1·1 ••• •I% ·J1

ltbO .. 7·7 .. 1·1 S·7 -119 •:14

txcept !or two understandably big leaps (in 1943, the !amine year, and 1944, the aftermath) cholera has remained almost parallel to the base at the mean rate of ·6 per mille. So has small­pox at ·2 with two big leaps in 1944 and 1945 (the years following the famine) and two smaller leaps in 1948 and 1950 (the years of heavy influx of displaced persons). So have dysentery and diarrhoea remained steady at the mean rate of 1·3 (except for 1·9 in 1943 and 1·7 in 1944) and Kala-azar at the mean rate of ·14 per mille. Malaria shows a slight decline from 1942 with peaks in 1943-46. T. B. of the lungs shows an upward trend during the decade.

The districts of Howrah, 24-Parganas, Calcutta, and Nadia recorded an average annual rate of deaths due to cholera of about 1 per mille, while Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura, Midnapur, Hooghly, Murshidabad, Maida and West Dinajpur showed rates ranging between ·5 and 1 per mille. J alpaiguri showed a mean rate below ·5 per mille and Darjeeling, the lowest mean rate of ·1 per mille during the decade. The low rate in Jalpaiguri may be ascribed largely to the improved and protected water­supply in the majority of tea gardens which cover the district, and that in Darjeeling to a similar reason and the temperate climate. Nowhere else do the rates show the beneficent action of preventive inoculation or improved water-supply.

Very similar is the picture presented by small­pox. It reached peaks in 1944 and 1945 and again in 1950 for the State as a whole while indi­vidual districts suffered in no fixed pattern. Calcutta and Howrah showed the maximum death rate from smallpox (where however public health staff per capita are the largest), while Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and Maida recorded the minimum. Dysen,tery and diarrhoea were prevalent in all districts together with respiratory diseases. There is no marked trend of decline and there­fore no sign that the scourge is under control.

The worst districts for Fever were Birbhum, Nadia and Murshidabad while Hooghly, Howrah, 24-Parganas and Calcutta were better off. It should be noted that Birbhum, Nadia and Murshidabad constitute the central portion of the State where medical and public health conditions are poor. This may account for a large number of deaths having been returned as Fever, By contrast there is a larger proportion of qualified and unqualified medical practice in Hooghly, Howrah, 24-Parganas and Calcutta-which are predominantly urban;-mention of the causes of death is naturally more specific in these districts thus extricating a large number of deaths from the anonymity of Fever.

The decline in Malaria may be ascribed in a large measure to the intense dlive of mepacrine,

atabrine, pal~drine and quinine that followed the 1943 famine and continued unabated till last year. Mention also must be made of the antimosquito campaign conducted by the American, British and Indian Armies during World War 11 which made large tracts of the country pleasanUy habit­able and set up new standards of cleanliness and public health (for instance, Raja-bhatkhawa and the Duars of J alpaiguri, Sal bani and Khargpur in Midnapur, Ramporehat in Birbhum, Dhubulia and Ranaghat in Nadia, Panagarh in Burdwan and a number of places in 24-Parganas). The D.D.T. spraying conducted by the State in 1950 produced notable results and there is a new hope everywhere that Malaria is not inevitable. Malaria was worst in Birbhum, Nadia and Murshidabad, where the annual death rate was more than 9 per mille. Calcutta showed the lowest rate.

There is a very small but steady and notice­able decline in deaths from Respiratory Diseases other than T. B. of the Lungs in all districts except Malda and West Dinajpur, where they are surprisingly enough on the increase. This decline may be due to defective registra:tion or

· to the increased efficiency of dispensaries and the large number of free beds in A. G., F. R. E., and general hospitals and to a more general use of sulpha drugs and penicillin among physicians. No marked trend is noticeable in suicides as only Howrah and 24-Parganas show large figures. Calcutta, by reason of her being a city, ought to show a larger number of suicides but they are probably masked by other declarations. Deaths from snake-bite are almost uniform over the State on the basis of number of persons per square mile and were at a level of ·1 per mille, not by any means a small figure. Deaths from snake-bite were lowest in Howrah, Calcutta, J alpaiguri and Darjeeling.

Happily, plague was confined only to Calcutta and Howrah ; in Calcutta it flared up in 1949 but was quickly brought under control, and public health measures were very efficient in tha direction.

Kala-azar was conspicuously low in Bir­bhum, Bankura, Midnapur and Howrah. West Dinajpur was notorious while Darjeeling was bad. Deaths from· T. B. of the Lungs were highest in Calcutta, the minimum and maximum deaths per 1,000 deaths from all causes, being 47·2 (1943) and 82·8 (1942) for males respectively, and 50·5 (1943) and 103·6 (1942) for females respectively, the annual averages standing at 58·6 for males and 65·4 per mille deaths for females. Next in death from T. B. of the Lungs comes Darjeeling with annual averages of 53·2 for males and 51·6 per mille deaths for females, while the minimum and maximum for males were 42·0 (1946)

2A

and 70 2 (1943) and those for females were 431 (19U) and 65·2 (19!9). In other districts the intensity varied from ·1 to ·6 per mille during the decade.

8

A point to note about deaths from Kala-azar and T. B. of the Lungs is the very noticeably con-5istent small figures of female deaths from these caust.:s in comparison to male deaths. This can only be explained by the comparatively poor diagnosis of these diseases amongst females than males. That this is so is amply supported by figures of deaths from these two causes in Calcutta, where because facilities of treatment for males and females ~e almost even, the rate of deaths from T. B. of the lungs of females per 1,000 deaths from all causes exceeds that of males and that for Kala-azar for females is w1thin 1 per mille of that for males. By contrast, deaths from these two causes are recorded at much lower figures for females than for males in Darjeeling, and there is a wide margin between male and female deaths from these two causes in all other districts.

.

Death rate from child birth-Death rate from child-birth per 1,000 female death from all causes during the decade presents a depressing picture. For the State figures were highest in 1948 and 19-19. In Burdwan the figure mounted steadily from 8·5 (1944) to 22·8 (1948) to fall to 16·4 in 1950, in Birbhum from 5·3 (1944) to 15·6 in 1948 to 8·1 in 1950; in Bankura from 7·5 (1944) to 17·0 (1946) to fall to 11·9 in 1950; in Midnapur from 89 (1943) to 22·8 (1946) to fall to 19·4 in 1950 ; in Hooghly from 14·2 (1945) to 24·2 (1948) and 18·1 in 1950 ; in Howrah it varied between 9 9 and 13 8 between 1943 and 1949 and stood at 63 in 1950. In 2-1-Parganas the figure was 8·1 in 19H and steadily climbed to 19·3 in 1949 and dropped to 14·8 in 1950. In Calcutta it climbed from 1·6 in 1943 to 17·6 in 1949 and fell to 12·1 in 1950. In Nadia it rose from 4·2 (1943) to 23·1 (1948) and dropped to 13·8 in 1950, in Murshidabad from 3 6 in 1943 to 16·5 in 1948 and 12·2 in 1950 ; in .Maida from 1()-4 in 1944 to 22·9 in 1949 and 13·7 in 1950; in West Dinajpur from 22·9 in 1944 to 45 5 in 1949 to 29·1 in 1950; in Jalpaiguri from 29 5 in 19H to 73·2 in 1942 to 56·2 in 1950 ; in Darjeeling from 18·5 in 1943 to 33·6 in 1949 to 16 2 in 1950. The steep tise from 1943-44 to 1949 may have been due to improved registrati~n while it is not clear to which cause the fall 1n 1950 is to be ascribed. The average annual in· fantile mortality for the decade, it may be re­called, was 172·1 for males and 156·0 for females.

• • • In 1950 W. M. Frazer published 'A History

of Engl&.Yh Public Health 1834-1939' and the following information bas been extr3cted from

his book. Says Frazer " The popul•uon (England & \Vales) was giYen at the Census of 19~1 as 37 ,SS5,2-1:!. In the period of a hundred years, therefore, the population .of England and Wales had increased from 12 million to more than three times that number. Such an increase could only have been achieved in the exceptional economic and industrial circumstances of this country in the nineteenth century with markets throughout the world clamouring for manu· factured goods, for which food and raw mate­rials were received in return. The birth rate was, however, falling rapidly mainly in U1e ranks of the middle and upper classes and, except amongst the very poor, the Victorian family of ten or a dozen children was seldom seen. In the period 1871-75 the birth rate had reached the peak figure of 35·5, and it began to fall rather rapidly after 1890, at a time when the general standard of living in the community as a whole had reached its highest point. By the quinquennium 1916-20, which included some of the war years, this figure had dropped to 20 1. There is little doubt that the rapid decline of the birth rate after 1890 was due very largely to the spread of the knowledge of contraceptive methods amongst people in the higher income groups, and there was an increasing tendency as the years went by for these methods to be adopted by the better-off skilled workers. Dut the use of contraceptives must be regarded as only the means by which, largely, the birth rate was reduced, and the desire for smaller families, a social phenomenon of great consequence in the twentieth century, can be traced to a number of causes, including the emancipation of women and the general demand for more luxury and more comfortable conditions of living. The birth rate rose again in 1920 and 1921 as a 1·esult of the demobilisation of the armed forces, but later in the decade the tendency towards a decline in the annual number of births re· asserted itself, and in the period 1926-30 the rate had dropped to 16·7.

"The declining birth rate was, however, masked by an almost equal reduction in the death rate, which in the period 1916-20 had declined to the figure of 14·4. Until the end of the nineteenth century the infantile mortality rate had remained obstinately at or near 150 but after 1900 a highly welcome decline took place. In the period 1901-05 this figure had dropped to 138 in 1911-15 to 110, and in the quinquennium 1916-20 to 90. The reduction of the infantile mortality rate to the latter figure meant that, as compared v.rith the nineteenth century, the lives of 60 infants, out of each 1,000 born, were being saved each year •. ~nd t~is was a substantial offset to a dechrung bl.l'th rate. (Pp. 35-1-5.)

" So ended the last of the cholera outbreaks in this country (1893). No outbreaks of cholera occurred in this country between the years 1866 and 1893. For that occurring in 1831-2 there are no mortality statistics available. In the epide­mic of 1848-9 there were 54,398 deaths, in 1853-4, 24,516 deaths, in 1866, 14,378 deaths and in 1893, 135." (P. 168.) .

" This epidemic (smallpox, 1870-3), which occurred throughout England from the end of 1870 to the close of the second quarter in 1873, was part of a world-diffused pandemic. From the last quarter of 1870 to the end of the first quarter in 1873 when_ the outbreak terminated, the number of deaths from smallpox in England was 44,079 out of which 10,287 were contributed by London. In the London Smallpox and Vac­cination Hospital the case-mortality rates for the years 1870 and 1871 were, respectively, 66·2 and 77 per cent. in unvaccinated persons; and, in the two years combined, the rate amongst the vac­cinated was 15 per cent. Dr. Seaton, who com­piled this report for the Local Government Board, emphasizes that, in spite of the severity of the smallpox outbreak of 1870-3, the country had been saved from something very much worse by the system of vaccination which had been in force for 30 years ; and he observes that the mortality of this epidemic, alarming as it had been, had not approached what was the usual annual smallpox mortality of the Kingdom at the time when vaccination was unknown. ' The average annual smallpox death rate of the metro­polis in the pre-vaccine period was from 400 to 500 per hundred thousand of population ; the mean annual death rate of this epidemic was 148, having in 1871 been 243 and in 1872, 54.' (Pp. 169-70.) The total notifications of smallpox in London from the beginning of the epidemic (November 1901) to the end of March, 1902, amounted to over 6,000. (In Liverpool) the out­break lasted until December, 1903, and caused much suffering, d:uring the course of which 2,278 persons were found to be suffering from the. disease. (Pp. 289-90.) What was noteworthy about this epidemic was that it had died down completely by the end of 1906, and had scarcely left a trace behind it. From the end of 1906 up to the present day, the amount of severe small­pox (Variola Major) in any period has been very small, and such outbreaks as have occurred were mainly due to imported cases which had escaped

through the net of the Port sanitary authorities. (P. 370.)

" The more important of the facts about the transmission of plague were established by the Indian Plague Commission. As a prophylactic, Haffkine's vaccine has been used in areas subject to plague epidemics with some success. Plague was last seen in epidemic form in this country in 1665-6 . o 0 Careful precautions are taken at the ports to destroy rats on ships by fumigation. (Pp. 269-70.)

" By the second decade of the twentieth century the main infectious diseases which had so much affected the mortality rates during the previous hundred years had been almost, i~ not entirely, stamped out. Apart from occas10~al imported cases, typhus, cholera and relapsmg fever had disappeared with the abolition of the conditions which favo:ured their spread, and the enteric group of diseases was decidedly less troublesome than before. In 1911 13,852 cases of these diseases were notified, in 1914 8,778, and in 1916 5,564. (P. 364.)

"The value of publicity and of directing at­tention to the exact cause of maternal deaths, instead of to generalities, was shown in what has come to be known as the "Rochdale experiment" which was begun in 1931. For the preceding ten years Rochdale had the unenviable- distinction of h~ving the highest Maternal Mortality rate in the country. Dr. Andrew Topping who be­came Medical Officer of Health in 1930 estab­lished the fact that the great majority of deaths were due to absence of adequate antenatal care and to unnecessary interference in labour on the part of doctors, and not occult rickets, ' women · working in the mills ', smokeladen atmosphere, etc., which had been advanced as causes. Frank exposure of the real causes by public lectures and in · the local press, extension and improve­ment of antenatal and domiciliary midwifery services, together with cooperation from general practitioners, brought the rate down to well below average within 18 months and it has re­mained at a con;1paratively low level since then. (P. 418.) .

"Another favourable factor was the mortality rate from tuberculosis (all forms) which, in the period 1916-20, had fallen to 1·4 per thousand of the population." (P. 355.)

10

.. Is it the pig that makes the uye or the stye the pig! "

-Report of the Royal Commission on the Housing of the Working classes, 1885 (quoted by W. M. Frazer in A HutorJI ol English Public Health).

Health Services ol Wen Bengal-A casual observer or even a critic of the Health Services of West Bengal will admit the considerable achieve­ments of the Department of Public Health since 1947 in the reorganisation of health services, improvement of rural water supply, inoculations and vaccination, the increase in the number of mobile medical units, sanitary and health staff, improved supply of medicines to itinerant health visitors, dispensaries and hospitals. A bold step has been taken in the building up of rural health centres, in unions and thanas, in the rapid ex­pansion of hospital beds throughout W £st Bengal, in an improved supply of women health visitors and midwives. The major hospitals in Calcutta and district towns have received beneficent attention and not a few of them have been en­larged and more fully staffed. The Govern­ment recently has created a number of new muni­cipalities thus bringing their population within the ambit of municipal amenities.

All this ought to have reflected a substantial improvement of vital statistics figures were it not for the serious problems of sanitation and public health created by a sudden influx of 2·12 million displaced persons from East Rcngal the majority of whom had to be huddled into make­shift camps of canvas and bamboo. 'l'he effect has also been masked by the general conditions of living which show no signs of improvement, but rather of deterioration. This section will briefly deal with the background of the Vital Statistics discussed above and will make the question, quoted above, which a Royal Commission in Eng­land put to itseU in 1885, appear fraught with the deepest of meaning.

In 1842 Edwin Chadwick submitted his Report of an Enquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain and made the following observations (pp. • 369-71 of the Synoptical Volume quoted by W. M. Frazer in A Huto'tl ot Engluh Public Health pp. 18-19' which apply with particular force and .poignancy to present conditions in our country and put the finger on our malady. These points had of course been made earlier by Malthus, but whereas Malthus's dissertation was wholly gloomy, Chadwick's language betrays great determination to alter the state of affairs that he had found the country in:

.. That the various forms of epidemic, endemic and other disease caused, or auravated, or ~ pagated chie1ly amonpt the labourinl classes by

atmospheric impurities produced by decomposing' animal and vegetable substances by damp and filth and close and overcrowded dwellings prevail · amongst the 'population in every pa'"t of the Kingdom, whether dwelling in separate houses, in rural villages, in small towns, in the larger­towns-as they have beeJi found to prevail in the: lowest districts of the metropolis. '

"That such disease, wherever its attacks are frequent, is always found in connexion with the physical circumstances above specified, and that where those circumstances are removed by drai~ age, proper cleansing, better ventilation and other means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the frequency and intensity of such disease is abated; and where the removal of the noxious agencies appears to be complete, such disease almost entirely disappears".

" That the formation of all habits of clean­liness is obstructed by defective supplies of water".

"That the annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation is gteater than the loss from death or wounds in any wars in which the c'luntry has been engaged in modem times ".

· "That the ravages of epidemics and other diseases do not diminish but tend to increase the pressure of population ".

.. That in the districts where the mortality is the greatest the births are not only sufficient· to replace the numbers removed by death, but to add to the population".

" That the younger population, bred under noxious physical agencies, is inferior in physi­cal organisation and general health to a popula­tion preserved from the presence of such agencies".

"'that these adverse circumstances tend to produce an adult population shortlived, impro­vident, reckless, and intemperate, and with habitual avidity for sensual gratiJications ".

"That the primary and most important measures and, at the same time, the most practi­cable, and within the recognised province of public administration, are drainage, the removal of all refuse of habitations, streets and roads and the improvement of the supplies of water".

.. That the expense of public drainage, of supplies of water laid on in houses, and of means of improved cleansinJ would be a pecuniary gain, by diminishing the existing charges attend­ant on sickness and premature mortality".

u

With these observations as a background a series of official statistics will be quoted, with the minimum of comment, to illustrate the state of (a) food-production, (b) roads, (c) protected watLr-supply, (d) housing in crowded o.reas and (e) diet of the majority of our population. The statistics auoted are all of recent compilation and officiaf and are intended to place the tasks of the Government in the Department of Public Health in a correct perspective. The presenta-

tion of statistics will be fragmentary yet sufficient to indicate the magnitude of the task.

(a) Food Production

Statement 5 below is quoted from· page 11 of Prospectus for Agriculture in West Bengal (Government of West Bengal 1949) and gives the geographical distribution of principal crops and Statement 6 from page 12 of the same pamphlet.

STATEMENT 5

Name of District

24-Parganas Nadia . • 1\IUJ'Rhidabad Midnapur Ban.kura Howrab Burdwan Birbbum Hooghly Maida. • West Dinajpur Jalpaiguri • Darjeeling •

Name of District

24-Parganaa Nadia . • Murshidabad lllidnapur' Bankura Howrah Burdwan Birbhum Hooghly llfalda . . We8t Dinajpur Jalpaiguri • DMjeeling •

Geographical Distribution of Principal Crops (Area in 1,000 acres)

Paddy

1,445 530 785

1,854 688 206

1,023 735 467 487 611 426 63

9,320

Wheat

9 42 . '\ . 2 11

7 11 1

11 3 2 1

100

STATEMENT 6

Pulses

ll4 174 280 98 12 36 47 49 30 45 16 7

908

Potato

5 I 6

10 3 6

15 5

29 ' 1 3 6 2

92

Oilseed Sugar-cane

8 2 13 7 13 12 12 4 34 2

1 2 9 2 8 1 3

25 2 34 2 34 2 3

150 54

Jute Other vegeta bfee

35 82 26 140 33 83 9 102

49 4 12 5 37

13 28 22 23 180 16 29 23 16 2 12

204 776

Comparative yields of Rice, Wheat and Sugar-cane per acre in different countries and provinces.

Countries and Provinces

Italy

Japan

Egypt

United States of America

Siam

India

West Bengal

Rice

..

..

..

n

Yields per acre (in lb., 1924-33)

2,903

2,278

2,153

1,469

943

'128

998

Countries and Provinces Yi~ld.; per acre (in ib., 1924-33)

Europe . Wheat 1,146 Canada . . .

" a72 United States of America 846 .. Argentina

" 780 Australia . 714 India .. 836 Bihar and Orissa .. 882 United Provinces .. 786 Punjab .. 738 West Bengal 738 Sind .. 593 Central Provinces 444 ..

Central~ nihar. • on-.

Sagarc'UW (raw •gar)

STATEMENT 6---roncld.

Y ielda per acre ProTincee (in lb.)

Bombay • • Pomjab ( l'n<livided) WNt Bengal •

A.7S! 1,91S 4,:!:!3

Statements 7 and 8 quoted from page 20 of the same pamphlet giver (a) a Comparative Table of

Farming Units and (b) Distribution of Acreage held by a Family in districts of West Bt>ngal.

Province

Bombay • Punjab (nndi'l'ided) Madras. • • Bihar and OrieM • .BongaJ ( undirided) A..&m • • • Central Proviocee •

Jlanlnlra 1\lrl•bam Bard ..... l'lnatru• Bouchly. u-r•b. Jalpet....t• )I aida • •

=~!:r.:':....S ~ ......... U·Pa,.aaaa

STATEMENT 7 Comparative Table of Farming Unit.t

Number of acres per Country

cultivau

12·2 England and Wales 9·2 Germany 4·9 France 3·1 J>t.nmark 3-1 Belgium 3·0 U. 8. A. 8·5 Holland

STATEMENT 8 Distribution of acreage held by a family

AYer&~re P•• Alf'r. o• •£JOLDB wna area lleld perfamUy (llloiiCinlll) Leutbaa 2-1 8-4 4-6

I acrea acrea - -8•17 63·7 8·11 7•8 4·11 4•M 16·1 10·1 7·4 8•6 6•88 28•8 10•11 8·11 10•8 8•38 24·2 8•11 11·1 10•2 8•74 82·4 13•1 13·0 10·11 8•63 63•2 14·8 6•1 4·6 8•78 6·3 8·0 10·11 18·4 8•84 64·2 7·8 8•4 8·11 4•23 38·2 18•1 10•11 10•6 4·80 88•8 10·1 11·8 7•6 4·88 18•8 11•8 10·8 10·1 4·33 6e•ll 10·7 8•8 4•7

• .,ll(llrM ror pre-Partition dlotrlct.a.

6-10 acf'f'•

14·8 111•2 24HI 21\·8 lt\•8 17•6 33•2 16•11 17•8 16•11 20•8 10•11

l'rom Ule ~port of Laud Revenue Commloalon, 11140, Volume II, pagee 114·11.

AvPr&~o!r .iae nf hnldinjla (in &cn-tl)

6:!·00 2H.O :?fl·:?."i 44Hl0 1H>O

14S-tl0 26·00

Above 10 acrt"'

10'8 "'2

l~·f'l n·o 10•2

5•4 20•4

6·!1 6·i 1·i

1 l-11 7·2

Statement 9, quoted from page 14 of the same pamphlet, gives the comparative efbciency of

different categories of livestock in various parts of the world.

STATEMENT 9 Comparative efliciency of diJ!ereni categories of livestock in various parts of the world

AP~XDIATJI Alfli'UAL 111LK Yli!LD APPBOXJJUT. AlflfUAL •oo Ilf LBS. P.B R•.t.D OP Alf111AL rBODUCTIOlf l'KB BIRD

C'ow Butralo Goat Fowl Duck

A-m 1708 430• 80§ 41t 39t Bihar ·} 44~ 1,7708 {

340§ 60t I Jot on- . . 200§ 60t 127t C.n t.ral Pro'riuce 500• 7008 JIO§ 4Rt ROt Uait.d Pro....U.O. soo• 1,000• 125§ 70t 10flt Punjab . 1,400• 2,1608 440§ Mt IIHt f'ind 1.ooo• 1,500• 231\f Mt 40t .

500• 885• ll5f 60t ).",(tf Bombay. Weoo&Bonpl 420 • 960 110 36 i.~ .

488f 600§ 40t !'l(lt Burma . 381§ Do-n mark 7 ,000§ 120t .O..l~tiaa • . . 6,AA9f 11.1-llt Enl(laod a~~d w.- . 6,671)§ 1:?0t

!'•• z..alaod • 5.118§ 1!!9·6t .Japd l>JI6H

l3

Statement 10, quoted from page 15 of the same pamphlet, gives the fish position in West Bengal. Fish is the only considerable animal protein, as will be presently seen, consumed by West Bengal.

STATEMENT 10

Fish Position in West Bengal • Requirement of fish in West

Bengal. Average production of fresh fish

in West Bengal. · Production of dry fish

• Requirement at Calcutta

32,000 maunds daily.

2,000 maunds daily.

10,000 mds. annually. (=50,000 maunds of

fresh fish). 6,800 maunds daily.

• On the basis of 2 oz. per day per adult unit of the total population of 25·0 million for the Province and 5·0 million for Calcutta.

Figures furnished by the Fisheries Section of the Directorate of Agriculture, West Bengal.

Supply at Calcutta market­From within the Province • From other parts of the

Indian Dominion. From Eastern Pakistan •

Total supply

(b) Roads

555 maunds daily. 295 maunds daily.

1,650 maunds daily. 2,500 maunds daily.

Roads wield their influence in a thousand different ways. For our purpose, they help to distribute food and other consumer goods through­out the land and reach out sanitary and medical help wherever it is needed or wherever an epidemic breaks out.

We are badly handicapped for roads. State­ment 11, taken from page 16 of the same pamphlet, gives a picture of Road Communi­cation in West Bengal (1939-40).

STATEMENT 11

Road Communication in West Bengal (1939-40)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 16

District

' 24-Parganas . Nadiat . llfurshidabad • Burdwan Birbhum Bankura Midnapur Hooghly Howrah . J alpaiguri t Darjeeling Maida t Dinajpur t U.S.A.§ U.K.§ . •From the statement of the Commnulcations and Works Department for the year 1939-,0. ttllffire& relate to pre-Partition districts. l~'rom "A Plan of Economic Development for India (Bombay Plan)" pnbllsbed In 1944.

Metalled roads in miles•

366·3 122·5 73·6

525·0 296·8 508·9 622·4 181·2 173·8 373·5 260·3 39·7 54·3

' Length of Unmetalled metalled roads in Total roads per miles• 100 square

miles

5,154·0 5,520·3 6·1 6,446·3 6,568·8 4·2 4,515·7 4,589·3 3·6 3,831·3 4,356·3 19·4 3,237·0 3,533·8 17·0 2,371·5 2,880·4 19·2 2,000·0 2,622·4 11·8 2,365·8 2,547·0 15·0 1,973·5 2,147·3 3H 1,183·9 1,557·4 12·2

438·8 699·1 21-7 1,433·5 1,474·2 2·0 4,251·7 4,306·0 1·4

100 200

Statement 12, taken from page 12 of P.oad Problems of West Bengal (Governm~nt of West Bengal 1950) gives the Mileage of Existing Roads,

surfaced and unsurfaced in the Different States of India.

STATEMENT 12 . Mileage of Existing Roads, surfaced and unsurfaced, in the different States in IndUJ. •

State

Wt"St JX.ngal (including Cooch Behar) Madras (including States merged) • • Bombay (including Baroda and Kolhapur) • U.P. Bihar • • • • • • C. P. and Berar (including States merged) • East Punjab (including States merged) Assam • • • • Orissa (including States merged) .. .

Area. in sqnare miles .

127,610 122,732 106,247 69,746

130,451 37,447 50,210 60,507

•S,>nr<"e : Bask Road StaUatl<a of lndla-)llnlstrf of Tra111port, Govern~~~ent of India.

1 CENSUS

Population Total in mileage

thousands

21,862 12,154 49,825 38,540 29,114 27,765 55,021 31,986 36,340 31,496 20,648 12,427 12,698 10,636 7,404 10,975

13,975 10,789

Road mileage Road mileage per 1,000 per sq.

of · mile of population area

0·56 0·77 0·95 o-58. o-n o-60 o-84 1-48 o-77

o-41 &30 &23 0·3() 0·45 Q-10 Q-28 o-u &18

3

u It will be seen from the above table that West

Bengal, v.ith her mean density of poP\4Iation nearly three times that of In&a as a whole, has only 0 56 mile of roads per 1,000 of her popula­tion. This is the lowest of the States in India and compares unfavourably with the figure for India as a whole (O·i5). West Bengal, however, com­pares a little favourably with the other States in the length of such road mileage per square mile of area, which is nearly 0·41 to the square mile lor West Bengal as against 0·19 for India as a whole. Only Bihar has a hi&her distribution with 0·4S.

It is unnecessary to hold forth on the many handicaps from which a land is liable to suffer that is not endowed with good roads, and on bad roads (and consequently improper and insufficient drainage) public health measures or improve­ments become one of the first casualties.

(c) Protected Water-supply Statement 13 in two parts A and B gives the

state of protected water-supply in the country. This does . not give the whole or correct picture because tube-wells frequently go out of ~pair and as will be presently discussed in the section below even where there is an appearance of a good protected supply, on tap, large settlements go without the benefit of it and it is the sum of experience of the writer who has been to all towns in West Bengal, that in none of them, not excludini the cities, is

the supply complete and unh·ersal to o.H persons v.ithin the limits ·of the town and a goodly frac­tion never enjoy protected water even for drink­ing. There is &!so a general prejudice in favour of collecting drinking water from ponds as well as flowing rivers (most of which reduce to stagnant pools in summer) even when protected water is to be had on tap, a prejudice which dies hard especially in those towns which bank the sac~ed riv~r ~hagirathi (Hooghly). This pre­judice, ordmarily unobserved, is particularly noti­ceable when a cholera epidemic is about in a tovm blessed ·with filtered water supply and a district officer nearly exhausts all the prohibitory arrows in his quiver to fight it but which refuses to take defeat. Protected water supply is practi­cally no~xistent in non-urban areas in spite of the many thousands of tube-wells sunk by the Government and local bodies for the simple reason that the tube-well head and mouth are not free from contamination. Out of a total of 6·2 millions of urban population in the State only 4·6 millions live in localities where a system of pro­tected water-supply exists and if Calcutta were to be taken as a criterion it would not be a wide guess to say that only about 3·5 millions really enjoy a restricted (and not plentiful) supply of protected water throughout the year. This supply however goes mainly for drinking and bathing, while washing of clothes, crockery and utensils,-fruitful vehicles of contamination and contagion-are still washed in unprotected water.

STATEMENT 13 Part A

........ llo.

l

I

• • • I • ' • I .. ll u

II u II II

Protected Water Supply in urban localities in West Bengal in 1945 and 1949 (other than Calcutta City)

l!MI 1860 ___....., 11-oiMIIIIIolJ*ItJ • Aftr&llo ~. .........

ArM Dellp...S Appruxlmate A•erap dally.,.pp.:t .&p~lmate A•n•r• dally oapvlf eerYed eapaclty ll"pulat.loll dallyaopp!J per·bead populattoa dallyouppiJ pott·hnd o

(oq.lllll•) Gfworu aern4 Ill I&IIODI populatloa aenecl Ill I&Uooe rmpalotlf>ll Ill laiiODio lli&IIOILI

• I • I • 7 • 0 10

......... • 1·10 701,080 60,IIOe IM,llO 7•06 71,008 "8.6118 1·10

~. 1-11 pl101111 dally.

168,8111 I·N 22,830 200,3611 1·77 • 160.100 a.ase lall01111 .. Ubours.

6-.11. . t-ot 1M. toO laiiOIUIIa

a, lei toi,80e 1·60 CI,DOI -.ooo l·iO

l:alu Ullann.

16,000 410.000 •·oo .. 81 10.000 60.000 t-oo llart . 1·16 n.ooo 77,061 1·41 10.00"10 ]OO.totl i·OS liiMhn 1•60 1'8!.1100 ... 1117 w,aua • ••• ••••• 7 236,1!00 1>00

1D4Mpv pl1011a daOJ.

111.011 11·01 10,000 667,641 , .. 1 t-oo 1!>0.000 U,171 .. &110M

·~· I-GO

la1oMan. T76.1!Cl0 ••• 081 110,811 ..... tl,ell te0,811 ) .... ..._

11_ ..... ~~~- 141.!%. tt·•• IO,f)f)O) ·~·.7~ .... I-ll lt.OO'O

~~--- . l•tO :t.\.071 1311.6111 U·U 27.871 4'111,018 li·M a...I"'MMr . J..a 11,8-U .US.Ill<ll ... - 11)131 . ...... P.OS ........ 1-cf lll.GOe i6.1tl -.u,ae t·ll IIU,JWIO 17'JjUO ....

... u.- •• tr--. , ..........

1·11 ··- IH.OT! .... . . .... 11.810 1!1.817 a-.... l .. 11»-10 1711~ t,ltll,lll lD-N 1711.~ '.117.0106 10·101 o-tooa ._. 1a ,.._, .:i• ~ i"·n

1!6,1•)1) 610,(~10

·~ '1'*11.., • • • tt,·eno at.oue t.J6,o:.z , ...

Serial l!f ame of llunlolpalltr l!fo.·

17 18 111 20 21 22 28 24 26 28 27 28 29 80 81 82

88

86

38

17

ll

Boutb Bubarbaa Boutb Dum Dum North Dum Dum DumDum • • Baraoagar-:Kamarbatl Bhatpara Tll.afllarb • • Barrackpore • • • Barnol<pore Caatoament • Garulla Hallaabar l!falbati • • • • Kanobrapara B.aUwar Colony Krllllmat!ar l!fabadwlp Berbampur

Engllshbazar

.Talpalgurl

Darjeellng

Kuneong

Kalimpong

Name of Distriot

1

Burdwan Birbhum &nkw-. Midnapur Hooghly Horw&h 24-Parganu Nadia.

Murshidabad Maida. • We-'Diuajpur J alpaiguri • Darjeeling •

}'roq 1~7 t.o 1950 •

'

15

STATEMENT 13-concld.

Area oerved

(sq. miles)

Designed e&J*lity ofworka

I

3·70 6•98 7·00 0·90 8•60 6•00 1•60 4.·60

1·60 6•60 1·68 2·00 7•60 1·60 6•60

1·50

•

eii,ooo gaUona dally. 112,000

gallonain 8boura(ean

run 111 boura). 3·08 112,000

gaUona per dayin8boun

(can run 18 hours).

•·86 Dependa on rainfaU.

2·00 Depends on . rainfall.

10•00

Part A

11145 111411

~-------~------~~------~~------~ Average A 'nrat!8 Appro:~lmate AVft'&ge dallyeupply Appro:~lmate Average daUyaupply population daily supply per-bead of population dally supply .,._bead of

oerved In gaUona population aerved In gaUoua population

6

25,200

100,000 100,000 i7,'16

20,000

6i,l63 82,ooo 80,683 40,804

15,666

27,000

26,873

U,OOO

li,784

• 61,222

e"9a,422 1,077,164 1,1142,160

i93,200

282,137

407,821 28,864

1163,872

65,789

168,864

796,082

150,000

2711,646

In gaUona In aaUo1111

7

2·03

1·66

6•611

tii·74 0•78 8•67

5•88

30•77

10·'11

17•72

8

40,000 62,200

960 11,718

200,000 160,000 67,t16 86,4H 18,1121 30,000 86,438· 42,163 80,000 80,000 80,000 70,000

20,000

28,000

25,873

u,ooo 17,000

•

1,008,410 1,a9,2711 1,907,820

1"7"7,078

248.762

&Oo,ooo 56,000

876,802

66,8111

168,827

7~.8'17

160,000

265,760

18,182,217 <

10

1•07

8-111

28·87

10•71

16•6

Part B

Rural Water Supply in West Bengal in 1950

.

TMAL,. 1950

No. of Ring wella

and masoJU'y welD

2

20 M.W. 4 R.C.C. 2l\LW.

ULW.

11

" 138

New·Sllilk

3

29 23 7

169 7

23 63 38

51 17 30 31

481

2,063

Re.Sllilk

' 112 23

4 73 70 40 35 32

25

32 4

450

3.0U

Repaired

6

4,936 1,402

480 6,076 3,450 4,624 9,239 2,736

57 (Jet wuhing

system) 8,625

717 1,241

280

43,763

135,291

3A

16

(d) UousinJ 1D crowded areas Not\\;thstanding the lack of drainage,

sewerage, ventilation in mudhouses, and plan­ning in villages, the comparative at-sence of congestion in the rural areas make them still healthier places to live in than noxious and crowded urban areas. It is not however suggested that rural areas are less unhealthy, only that they are less noxious and foul of atmosphere than urban areas. This is perhaps a reason why in spite of all fruitful con· ditions of every kind of epidemic prevailing, the toll taken by epidemics, though appalling by civilised standards, is not really so m the pri· mitive setting by which its extent ought to be assessed. The sun, personal cleanliness and hygiene among the people, and the universal habit of bathing must account for a great many lives that are claimed from disease and death while improvement in public measures must also come for its due share of praise.

The strength of a chain lies in its weakest link and the efficiency of public health measures must be judged from the condition that obtains in very crowded areas.

In 1949 the State Statistical Bureau published a • Report on a Sample Enquiry into the Living conditions in the Bustees of Calcutta and Howrah 1948-49 (Government of We£t Bengal, 1949) '. This report is full of meat in its analysis as well as tables and gives a very thorough idea of how about 1 in every 3 persons lives in Calcutta and Howrah (1 million in 3 million). As for non­bustee areas most rooms in Calcutta-except what are known as the European localities-are an average size of 10 feet by 12 or less and about 11 feet high, where kitchens, baths and lavatories are to be shared with other families. In the census of 1951, 710,579 living rooms were counted in the Municipal area of Calcutta consisting of 32 Wards, and the population in this area was 2·548 million. To each living room therefore there are 3·5 persons and it should be remembered that a living room varies from one in which a man can barely lie down and stand up to that in the mansions of the very rich.

The mansions of the very rich usually contain few people and therefore this arithmetical aver­age masks the real congestion. It will not be hazardous to surmise that the avera,ge number of persons per living room throughout the cities of Calcutta and Howrah, taking the best with the worst, will be about the same as that found in bustee areas, with this difference that other circumstances of ventilation, sanitation, water supply and amenities are superior in non-bustee a~as. The following extract from page 13 of the Report gives a horrifying summary of the re.;ults of the Inquiry.

.. About 11·3 per cent. of the total bustccs of Calcutta and 12 per cent. of those of Hov•nh have been surveyed. Only 12 per cent. of the resident families in the bustees of Calcut~ are lessees and the rest are tenants ; 2-1·6 per cent. of the total lessees do not live in the bustee. At Howrah the respective percentai:eS are 12 3 and 11·5. The majority of the tenements are one­roomed, the percentage for Calcutta being 93·3 and that for Ho\\Tah 97·6. Only 31·2 per cent. of the lessees at Calcutta bustees have registered documents in support of their claims, the figure for Howrah is slightly higher, being 40. No case of eviction of lessees was found at Ho\\Tah but the lessees at Calcutta are not so fortunate, 3 per cent. have been already evicted and slightly more than 5 per cent. have been threatened with eviction notices, etc. Among the tenants of the bustees of Calcutta 32 per cent. are non-Bcngalces while 16·6 per cent. come from East Bengal. But at Howrah 80·2 per cent. of the tenants of the bustees are non-Bengalees and only 1·2 per cent. hail from East Bengal. On an average, a lessee of a Calcutta bustee enjoys 62·5 per cent. and a tenant enjoys 26·6 per cent. more floor space than those of a Howrah bustee. The average monthly income of a lessee of Calcutta is more than double that of a lessee of Howrah and the average income of a tenant of CaJcutta is nearly one and a half times as much as that of a tenant of Howrah ; 75 per cent. of the huts of the bustees of Calcutta have pucca floor whereas the figure for Howrah is only 36·6 per cent. Pucca walled huts have been found in the bustees, the percentages for CaJcutta and Howrah being 28 and 9, respectively. Tpatched roof was found in only 3 per cent. cases both at Calcutta and at Howrah. As regards ventilation it appears that the bustees of Howrah are better off then those of Calcutta as is apparent from the per· centage of badly ventilated huts, which is 2-1 for Calcutta and 6 for Howrah. Arrangem~nt for water supply is bad in both the cases; Gl·7 per cent. of the huts of Calcutta bus tees and 83 6 per cent. of those of Howrah have n..:> arrange­ment for supply of water ; 15 per cen~. of the huts have kitchen both at Calcutta and at Howrah, but the percentage for huts having no arrangements for cooking is 4 at Calcutta whiJe the corresponding percentage for Howrah is 10. Drainage is equally unsatisfactory at the two places, the percentage of bad drainage for Calcutta bustees is 42 while that for llowrah is 34 ; 17·3 per cent. of the huts of the bus~ecs of Calcutta and 15 5 per cent. of those of Howrah have no latrines."

The following from page 14 of the Report gives the distribution of the number of rooms occupied by lessees and tenants at Calcutta and Howrah.

17.-

'' lt will be seen from the table that at Calcutta, a tenant family occupies on an aver~ge 1·1() rooms only, 92·3 per cent. of them occupymg only a single room, whereas a lessee family lives in 2·73 rooms on an average, nearly 75 per cent. of them occupying more than two rooms. As a hut contains on an average 7·16 rooms, it is evident that the hut owner lets out the balance of 5·43 rooms which are occupied by a 5 tenant family. A bustee at Calcutta has, on an aver­age, 6·38 huts having 52·12 rooms where 35·3 tenant families and 4·8 lessee families live. At Howrah a tenant family occupies 1·03 rooms on an average, 97·6 per cent._of them living in a single room. A lessee family on the other hand lives in 2·43 rooms on an average, 70·5 per cent. of them occupying more than 2 rooms. As a hut contains 8·73 rooms on average, the hut owner lets out the balance of 6·30 rooms which are rented out to 6 tenant families.

A bustee at Howrah has 5·58 huts having 48·75 rooms on an average where 35·4 tenant families and 5·1lessee families live."

The state of water supply in the bustees is analysed at pp. 18-19 of the report as:-

" The deplorable condition of the water-supply in the bustees will be at once evident. Out of 3,179 huts in the bustees of Calcutta, only 1,216 huts have some arrangement of water-supply, possessing 1,246 taps, 106 wells and 15 tube-wells among them. There are some very bad cases ; 157 huts out of 159 in ward no. 18, 123 out of 135 in ward no. 21 and 264 out of 342 in ward no. 25 have no arrangement whatsoever for the supply of water. The more fortunately situated huts are in ward nos. 5, 8, 9, 11 and 23, where 42 out of 58 huts, 35 out of 46, 42 out of 59, 24 out of 26, and 13 out of 20 huts have some arrangement for the supply of water. It will be found that all of these bustees are small in com­parison with most of the remaining ones."

"The condition at Howrah can be realised from the fact that in only .11 out of the 67 huts, there is some arrangement for water-supply."

" On an average 61·7 per cent. of the huts in the bustees of Calcutta have no arrangement for any water-supply ; 54·6 per cent. of the bustee dwellers live in such huts. Dwellers who are more fortunate in having water-supply are served at the rate of 25·6 persons per ~p. The difference among the wards is very pronounced ; the pro­portion of huts having no water-supply varying from 7·7 per cent. in ward no. 11 to 98·7 per cent. in ward no. 18.

many as 4·48 lakhs have to depend on street hydrants or ponds for their water-supply. At Howrah the corresponding figures are 15·'1 thousands and 10·5 thousands, respectively."

Analysis of the percentage distribution of huts by nature of place of cooking is thus made:

"Separate kitchen is provided in only 15·5 per cent. of the huts in the bustees of Calcutta. In 70·0 per cent. of the huts cooking is done in some sort of verandah and in 10·4 per cent. of the huts it is done in the bed room. In 4·1 per cent. of the huts no cooking is done. The percentage of huts having a separate kitchen exceeds 30 in ward 31 only, 25 in wards 23•, 29 and 32 and is less than 5 in wards 8, 13• and 14. No separate kitchens were found in the sampled bustees in ward nos. 7•, 10• and 15•. Cooking is done in the verandah in more than 70 per cent. of the huts in

'\vards 1, 3, 5, 14, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30. In 25 per cent. of the huts in ward 23• there is no arrangement for cooking. In ward 15, the per­centage is 22·7 and in ward 9, the percentage is 20·7.

" In the bustees of Howrah cooking is done in a separate kitchen in 14·9 per cent. of the huts, in verandah in 47·0 per cent. huts, in the bed room in 27·6 per cent. of the huts. In the remaining 10·5 per cent. huts there is no arrangement for any place for cooking. Thus, it will be found that whereas in 85·5 per cent. of the huts in the bustee of Calcutta, cooking is done either in a kitchen or in the verandah, the corresponding figure for Howrah is 61·9 only. The percentage of huts in Howrah where cooking is done in tht> bedroom is three times that at Calcutta and the percentage of huts at Howrah having no arrangement for cooking is two and half times as much as that at Calcutta."

Analysis of huts with or without. latrines is made as follows: ·

" In the bustees of Calcutta 14·7 per cent of the huts are without any latrines and 10·1 per cent of the bustee dwellers live in these huts. Three types of latrines were found, w., the " service " type, the " septic tank " type and "flushed" latrines connected with the Corpora­tion's sewer s)rstem. The respective percentages are 63·5, 3·7 and 32·8, resi>ectively. The service type is more common in wards 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32, the septic tank type in ward No. 9 and the flushed type in the remaining war~. Th~ percentage of huts not having any latrine vanes from 50·7 per cent in ward No. 6 to nil in wards 7• and 14 and the percentage of people living in these huts ranges from 40·8 in

Thus it is found that out of about 8·20 lakhs ward no. 6 to nil in wards 7• and 14. On an aver­of people living in the bustees of Calcutta, as age a latrine is used by 23·0 persons, the number

• The percentage is subject to a large samplinl; error due to the small size of the sample.

' .

ranging from 11·1 in ward no. 31 to 452 in ward no. 5.

At liowrah, 13·4 per cent. of the huts have no latrines where only 5·7 per cent. of the bustee dwellers live. Only the .. service" type of latrine was found in the sample, each of which was used by 21·1 persons on an average."

Comment is superfluous.

(e) Diet In 1899 B. Seebohm Rowntree made a social

survey of his native City of York the results of which he set down in his book Poverty. W. M. Frazer in his A History of Public Health (p. 194) observes that Rowntree places the •• Poverty Line" at the minimum necessary expenditure for the maintenance of merely physi­cal health, and he calculates this amount 011 the basis of outiOinis in respect of food, house rent• (including rates), and household sundries (such as clothing, light, fuel, etc.). On the costs then (1899) ruling in York, the minimum necessary expenditure for a man, wife and two children, for example, was 18s. lOd. per week.

• In 1935 Rowntree decided to repeat this inves-­tigation in order to ascertain what changes had taken place in the industrial and social lives of the pepole of York during the 36 years which had elapsed since the original inquiry. The results of the &econd survey were published by Rowntree in the year 1941 under the title of Poverty and Progress. In The Human Needs of Labour (1937) Rowntree, after a careful study of all the factors,

came to the conclusion that the .. poverty line " could be fixed at the Standard of livin~ attainable by a man, wile and three children (at 1936 pri~s !

and after paying rent) on a wa~e of 43s. 6d. a week. .. Primary poverty", a term used in both the 1899 and 1936 surveys, is represented by the minimum sum on which physical efficiency could be maintained, which is, of course, much lower than that denoting the poverty line. In the 1899 investigation that sum was 17s. 8d. inclusive of rent, while in the later survey, with chanJ:eS in the value of money, the corresponding figure was 30s. 6d. for urban families of five. As regards the proportion of the working-class population living under conditions of primary poverty, the figure of 15·46 per cent. in 1899 had fallen to 6·8 per cent. at the time of the second survey' (W. M. Frazer Ibid pp. 437-8).

In March 1946 at the instance of the Establish­ment Department of the Government of Bengal the Provincial Statistical Bureau conducted a small inquiry into the living conditions of the Bengali middle class " Bhadralok " and menials and submitted in 1947 a departmental report for official use only. Admittedly a very limited inquiry, it produced a series of tables which have both general and particular values as the "following statements, borrowed from it, will reveal.

Statement 14, incorporated in this report, incorporating the results of the Calcutta Diet Survey of 1945, gives the per capita monthly con­sumption in quantity by expenditure level.

STATEMENT 14

Calcutta Diet Survey, 1945

Per Capita Monthly Consumption and Quantity by Expenditure Level

F.apt'Dditu"' le\o~la 0.50 61-100 101-lfJO Number or famili• 66 348 361 "'""P •• or family !·73 -&·2-& 6•80

Jtema Unita Quantity Qu~tity Quaotity

I Ric-e Seer 8·629 8·655 8·685 t Atta.. .. 3·673 3·031 3·042 I Chlra ud murl . • 0·095 0·119 ()")!13

• B.-I .. O·Oli 0·067 0·093 6 l'u ... .. 1•636 1·356 1"328 e Filala • .. 0.40:1 0·661 ()-81•5

' M,... .. 0·023 0·170 0·205

• }:Ill!'& • Number 0.054 ()-!!18 0·493

• )ltlk. Beer 0"751 1·615 2·048 10 Other milk '[:turl. . .. .. ll \" f'I!O't.able I . .. 0-6"!3 tl-02'.1 tl-067 It }:.!able oil • • .. o-&2:1 0·812 f)-MJ

11 l'ota&o . 1-466 IW 1'872 It Other '"11"'lablre .. .. .. IS &a. S....r o-630 6-CSIJ 0'4S8 11 SpinM .. .. 17 Su~:V s- 0·753 fHlOO ()-9Z3

IS O"r . - 0"118 0"129 0"193

•• ,.... . Pound O"IW o-134 o-UJ :0 Othw "'tree-• %1 Total fond • .. u Coal. llauad O·~O 0''-10 o-cz&

Statement 15 makes a comparison of Food Value (Calories) in the average diet of different

expenditure levels in Bengal with that in other countries.

STATEMENT 15

Comparison of Food Value (in Calories) with other countries

Serial No,

Foodstuff

2

1 Bread • • ll Cake, Blacult, etc. 3 Flour • • 4 Cereala (Rice, etc.) .i Pulaea 6 Meat 7 Flab • 8 Anlm&Jfat II Vegetable fat

10 Vegetableoll 11 Milk • 12 lUll< products lS Egga t4 Potato , u; Vegetablea 16 Onion 17 Sugar 18 our U 'Fralta

TO'Ulo

Balanced diet U.S.A.

(Director of Public Health, West

Bengal)

8 •

(12 1,010

303 67 66

7

407 lSI>

50 44 46

uo 112 u

2,888

666•8

280.·6 161•0

35,··11 lllNI

77•6 111•1 !12·0

24·1 116·8 224·2

&2·8

422:,

Meslco

6J

1,177·2

12·9 224•0

18•6 11•8 29·8 27•1

:n7:s

2,325-9

GermanJ'

6

1.109·8

tit:o 63•2

uii-4 17•8

18:1 31•0

1118-0 14·2 29·? 0

,33·8 ~-o:

~1,:1

2,&79·_6

Great Britain

7

l'ulaad

8

l.HO·S

286-5 101•8

2i6-a lH

1ii·8

1'11-1 8•2

22·1 633•0 31•1

.eo&O'·a

TurlreJ' Calcutta (latambnl) espendl·

ture level

B.a. 201• 250

II 10

U12·4

1i4·4 108·6

99-o· 16•7

2oi·6 40·11 13•3 u-s 87·2 4.9•8

l8t'·i

36·0

sii·o 1139•0 U1·0

12·0. 81•0

211•0 A1•0

•·• 63•0

BBKQ4L

On tal de Outside Calcutta Balanced Calcutta aalary diet, Dr. ealary level Akroyd level B.a. 0..160

B.a. 11-160 (per (P"" equivalent

oapito) adult male)

11 .12 l3

163·0 1,290•0

127-o 12·0 86•0

u-o 173'0 .li8-G

i;:, 36•0

&:o 113•0 211•0

211·0 1,679•9

166•0 16•0} 47•0

tii·o 227•0 ?6•0

:,:o u-o, ...

7·0 122·0

Bi•O

t,47o-o 2114-G 182•0•

628·2 U40

~----8--S,-~-~---S.-1!8-1-·6--l-,96-li-·I--2-P-33>0---~-.-.r.-,-.0--2-,-6411-·7-

• Ir milk Ia absePt from the diet, this should be Included. The tcta.l In tbls colullltl omlta the figure for 111eat and fish.

Statement 16 makes a comparison of various -diets in Bengal with Bengal Jail Diets (quanti­ties). 'It will be seen that the diet of the Bengali middle class is not only comparatively deficient in -calories, it is much inferior in other food values

to the diets of divisions I and II , prjsoners of both classes A ,and B. The deficiency is well marked in vegetable proteins {pulses), edible oils, sugar and fish '.

STATEMENT. 16

Comparison of Various Diets with Jail' Diets (Quantities)

.TAIL DIET 011ftiD• C.&JA!tlft.l

Balanced .Calctttta .NJ".Aai UYJIL 11-liO

8erl .. . i'oodatutr diet for DmSio• I &KD U DmSJO•IU espendltum No. adult lllale level 201·250 Per (Director of ,.rC:WVU. equlft)ant Po bile Health, -.dl~Umale West Bengal)

A .B C1aaa I C1ase n 1 • s ' 6 II 7 8 .II u

1 Rice l>-o9 -8·00 s-oo ll!-110 10·00 &-66 O•Bil 8·31 2 Wbest li·OO 2·00 11·80 1·71 •·711 l-113 s Pw- 1·60 1!·00 1·30 2:So !:5o ' ~aty~tabl;,. • 2·00

0·70 0·68 o·az • li---.cy v•etablee Z·26 4·00 !:So 4·00 ''" 8 Frulte • 1•60

' Po~ O•?i ~~ 2:o 1·08 o:io -«~:7a 8 OniOG • )11111: .:oo 1-110 l-oG 0•10 11•21

10 Jot.llll: PlOd·.., ... : t:-oo l·H 1-117 2-o& tl s..,~ C)o&(\ lo()() t-oo o:6z 1i-8e 0·61 12 oOur <0-68 Oo2i ro·a u Edible on 0•76 0·50 0·26

o-u ·0-17 .D•IO 0•10 J)-31) O·U o.u .,.. Obee o-~ <0-76

16 FlAb i·Oo :. 8-96 O-o7 18 ~~~-

.1·00 2·00 0·56 -0-llli .. N 1·68 17 !lee 0·50

0·11 0•11 0·14 4'-0. Hi 011J

20

Statement 17 capita monthly

shows the consumption

mean per (in rupees)

by expenditure prices.

level at 1945-45

StATEMENT 17

:P.nDDLE CLASS FAMU.Y BUDGET ENQUIRY, 1945-46

Mean per Capita Monthly Consumption (in Rupees) by expenditure let-·el

(All centres combined)

1 I I

lbpeMJtu.l .... 1-60 &1-100

.&..._ll .. orra..u, 1·78 4·70 l'oa.,.offaall.._ 41 211 •••...,orpe.-, • 111 1,018

J'ood ll-611 ll·t~r.

OoUI~ : • 0·81 1•86 ..... llcb' 1•48 1•&8 u...-nc • 0·17 0•67

~·- 1·48 1•20

Tour. U•61i 18·71

These statements will make Rowntree's "Pri­mary Poverty " at 30s. 6d. a week for a family of five at 1936 prices appear unattainable princely comfort for the vast majority of our populace in the forties of this century.

Finally, nutrition experts have never ceased to inveigh against the cussedness of the Bengali and the Indian who make no improvements in their diel It is often overlooked that there is no room to turn, that any effort at improvement of the diet,-which astonishingly enough .is the most that can be made of the sum of economic, social, climacteric and ecological conditions­costs money, which is simply not there, and that whenever the income increases the diet at once improves in quality and quantity. Observes the departmental report in its summary of observa­tions:

"An examination (of this table) will indicate that-

(i) Total expenditure per capita increases as salary increases. The increase is appreciable between the lowest income class (0-35) and the next higher class (36-75) indicating a distinct change in the standard of living. This is as could be expected because salary level (o-35) mostly represents the inferior staff. The ' bhadralok • really commences his career from Rs. 35 upward. The increase between the income class (36-75) and the next higher class (76-150), however, is only moderate, which indicates that the standards of living of these two classes are comparable.

" (ii) Expenditure on all groups of items such as food. fuel, rent, ete., increases as salary in­creases except in intoxicants, in which there is a gradual decrease. Tlle expenditure on clothings, tobaccos and utensils increases from (o-35) to

' i • ' I • 101-150 161-200 201-250 2&1-300 301-350 ·~l&lld •bo••

8·1& 7·08 8•48 11·02 ··~" 11·~2 us 104 134 101 68 ~~~ 1,4116 1,647 1.13~ ~·:! &7~ t.o~• 11•66 llt·64 U·JO U·IIO ld•t"-t 11 ;a

1•86 ll-ll' 2·61 S·f3 3·H •·•8 1·011 1•16 2·211 li•ftl ll-7!1 1•66 0•78 0·~6 O•M 0·~8 l-117 0·118 4·88 •·18 8•61 8•1!3 11•71 15·10

20·71 22·81 28·8& lll-77 Sll·ll7 40·11

(36-75) class and then decreases. The data are so consistent that there is hardly any room for doubl It is probably due to the fact that on the average the (36-75) class represent younger men than the (76-150) class and that the younger people spend more on clothing and tobacco. Growing family at this age would also account for more utensils. ·

"(iii) The increase in the expenditure on food is not much between any two levels. But there is a definite change in the pattern of consumption. Expenditure on cereals decreases with income, that on the others such as pulses, vegetables, fish, meat, milk, etc., increases. The increase in the last three is appreciable.

"(iv) Expenditure on education and misce­llaneous items (including medical expenses) in­creases very appreciably from level to level.

"The above would generally indicate that the ·lower income groups do not get enough essential food and that their income falls short of their educational and medical needs. Any added in­come is readily spent on such essential foodstuff as milk, fish, meat, etc., and more readily on education and medicine. The diminishing ex­penditure on cereals with rise in income would indicate that the higher consumption of cereals at lower levels is not a matter of choice.

"It has been shown that expenditure on food and other items increases with income and that quantities consumed also increase. It may be noted, however, that as in expenditure so also in quantities of cereals consumed there is a decreasE' with increase of income. It will be seen that with the rise in income cereals are dropped to be replaced by more milk, fish, meat, etc., that is to say, with rise in income the actual dlet gradually approaches the ideal balanced diet.'"

TABLE 1 ... ACTUAL NUMBER OF lliRTJJS AND DEATHS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX DURING THE DECADE 1941-50 ,., ~ Ill <1 Ill tc~,,,,,,"'( +>or Exo•••(+) or Jc ••·•·••( +) ur Numh"r or .Nutnh"r or

Number of blrLh1 Nurnluor oftloaLho duft«~l~m1y\-) d•l"'lrnoy( -) d••lkiNI~YI-) Ct•m•lfl blrt he fNn"lo l'rar .... uf ft•UlA P uf f••tnnln of' blrt hl' OVf'f pl1f l,UOU dt•Atlll

Uoth t4rar•l )!nit .. CUIDIO both ~f'lt'l Jllnle F•m11le hlrth11oYnt dnatha over dt•alhl, bot.b nu•ltt "';~,!!~100 au~l• blrtho male dt•athl lt'Ji.t'l blrtho dt•AUll

a. 8 6 0 7 8 8 !U 11 u

Tttt.all811·~0 4,nno,P~& 8,410,7112 li,2U,I112 4,ZIIH,Mi0 2,2tll,706 &,lltoR,II& -17R,tlll0 -1l4~,nr.a +30~.1116 U~ll·~ Ut~·A auc.u &U,6&:1 ~:lfl,UI& ~14,1·~11 :thn,H.a:t I~I>,Htl 171,HU7 - lb,4146 - U,U4U + "1, 7UO 11:1~·7 ~~~··~ III&U &M,II•:I ~r.a.~t>o 2:1&,11;>:1 :17~,M>U 11111,116 IH~,H:I - 114.~47 - 7,n;a

+ ''"·"''' U~7·U \lu\)•C)

IU4N 4ro:t,loll& ~:11>,710 ~17,HI>4 HHI>,~7~ 111~.&111 I Hti,H77 - 17,Mi•6 - II,I>U + 614,~146 U2&·a IIH·U 111&7 . U7,7fi6 ~~~·'"' 2116,671 HH7,1M ~ul,tuta IHII,ltlil - lll,f\13 - I4,111>U + 411,1>110 U~lo·~ ~~.:.·tl 11140 . 621,11116 ~71,KIIII ~I>W,&\17 4 I 4,11147 ltlfl,aa 1 111H,ar.o - 1w,a71 ·- 17,1176 + ltl~.tli~ ~~1'1·7 Ill'"'' Ill&~ . &1>7,81>0 ¥:1H,bl0 li1H,14"1 &414,tllltl ~a:1,a1a :!H1,~HH - JU,tliO - 1H,IIH + 11,71•0 Wl7•6 w~~·7 IIIU . H77,117tl 11111,11111 IMI,~Itl (>77,1176 Hllti,&~U ~iti,U40 - H,IIU - U,4Hil -ltiU,UIIU UtM-11 U~l·8 lU4H . U11,1114 ~~~.71~ 211 ,IH12 ~~~·.~t\0 8:1~,114~ 2\I~,UM, - 17,410 - 411,11\IH -lH.t,~f•:.! U~:I•U .. 11.1·8 liiU . ftllfl,b711 ¥1\~,lflil 2·ta,47A lU7,K140 IM~,3111 IM,b73 - ltl,ti~K - 111,7411 + 1~14,11\1~ \1~1>·& VII~·~ lUU . 641,¥HO liHII,S~A llt1U,UI>6 8~4,¥~0 liUI,I78 Hla,U47 - 1U,!I70 - ~~.•~o + 167,UOU UIIU•U UIIU•D

TABLE 1.1 ACTUAL NUMBER OF DIRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

j

'. '' AND DISTRICT DURING J941 .. ~ .... lho• .. (+{;or E•••••< +/.or lhon••( +lor Nuntber of Nurubor ul

Numblll' or blrU11 Number of doaU•• dotlol•uoy -) dotlol•uoy -) dntlnl•uoy -1 funtrtlu blrthl fu1U11.I• l.ooalltr offnnut o ol l'•wllle ur blrtho uv•r pur I,UOO tle .. thl

JJotb loaoe Mala Fomalo IJoth lo&ol Male Female birth• over d•atho over doatho, both male p~~!t~utl m•l• blrtho rn"'• deathl IUJI.n• birth• durothl

1 I I 4 a . • ' • II 10 11 111

WilT IIIOAL ITATI · . . 1141,880 180,880 160,11611 88t,eao 101,178 188,047 -18,870 -11,188 +1117,080 1130·1 11011'1

lord waD Dl•l•loD 170,628 181,814 180,811 188,8t7 8D.t88 88,tll1, - 8,70t - 7,0ta + 18,1178 1137•7 Ud·l Jlurrlwao 60,408 lft,02& 1!4,678 80,6111 10,U8 17,870 -1,8611 - 1,778 + 13,11~0 8'7·1 81>7>1 Dlrbhum 86,184 18,868 111,771 88,178 18,047 ll,lllll - 1,D88 11¥1 + ll,D01 81111•1 11aa·8 llDIIIIUfll 80,080 11,808 18,1117 17,041 18,8411 18,008 - 1170 lOG + 11,1111 110,•0 11811·0 MldiiRJIUf 112,120 42,028 40,007 64,8411 117,006 80,81111 -1,8110 -1,&011 + 87,778 11~6·11 11'4'0 llooahiJ 80,460 111,114 17,R8CI 1!11,210 11,608 10,708 - 1,778 - IUO + U,ll36 IIUII·I 1180•11 Howrah 118,404 16,807 14,007 10,060 10,1110 ll,TOCI - 1,8110 - 1,lll4 + '·"' 11011•7 euo·e

Prtlldnor DI•IIIDD . 170,711t 1to,710 180,0tt 100,178 1011,877 lt,ll98 -10,888 -11,081 +7D.48l lil·l 11111'1

1!4•l'lli'IIRDIII , eo,uo 40,161 U,8116 68,220 80,146 '17,8111 - 8,18CI -1,106 + 80,8UO 1131·0 11~6·1 ('alt•IIUI RU,2110 111,088 18,207 80,170 18,718 10,408 -1,770 -1,260 - O,N88 ·~11·8 136•1 Nadia . 27,461 14,201 18,260 111,7611 u,•oe 10,841 - 04CI -1,000 + 8,701 1133·6 1107'1 MurohhiAhad , 611,7011 20,828 117,44& 81,481 111,11011 14,6011 - 1,8711 -1,2118 + 80,887 11311•0 11114'0 Maida . 16,008 7,824 7,1144 10,1118 8,401 ,,7011 680 708 + 4,11011 ll:l6•11 101•8 w .. t lllnall•tlf 1&,810 1,010 ,,~00 U,BOll 6,11110 6,8711 au• 0!1 + 4,404 87,•11 IUO·I . ... Ja)J•IIIUrl 116,080 18,287 11,008 110,4811 IO,tllll 10,017 ou• 408 + 6,4111 llot·ll I 1101'1 1>uJ~ollua .. 11,801 11,000 1,6fll 111,717 11,670 1,141 4118 •a8 + 1111 1118•8 lit'O Ooooll bthfll I :No,IYIIIIblt

TABLE 1.2 ACTUAL NUMBER OF lliRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADl\IJNISTRATIVE DIVISION

. AND DISTRICT DURING 194l

E•-.(+)or lb-.(+)or 1•-.(+)or Jlumboor of ...... t..r.., Jllllllber of btnba J111mber of 4 .. tba 4•d•·l•ocy(-) 4ollcloooy(-) d•ftol•ooy(-) foaaalo blrtba .......

'-IILJ ~ or romale orroaaale or blrU,.onr p.r 1,0011 doaUoa Jloebleull Kala J'emala Jloeb8e:r. .. Kale J'emale blrlhoonr 4oatha o"'r doatho, boUI ...... p.r 1,0011

maleblrtba maleo&eatba eeaoe bllt.he ....Uo doalba

I I • 6 • ' • • 10 11 II

WU1' llJOU. IUfl • IOI.i71 183.101 841,171 117,181 181,318 186,171 -11,818 -18,7t0 +161,111 ..... 10 ...

lvdwu Dl'fllloa ·• ·• 1168,117 l.M,031 126,861 171,841 88,101 U.l37 -1,181 -1.061 + 11,114 •••• IU·I

llardwaa III,U6 17,041 16,806 86,801 17,8111 18,UO - 1,787 - ••• 21 + 111,046 113&·1 ll~ll·t liltbhUID . 17,0118 111,071 111,620 22,1160 11,67t 11,1160 11611 lOti + U,Kblt IIMd·l 1171·· Jtankura 111,11111 111,7110 111,026 26,8111 111,1187 u .... 7116 tllll + u.•~& ~1·t

~··· ........ ~ . . 71,7111 111,1101 16,11116 60,881'> 111'>,761 116,11811 -1,018 11117 + 111.161 1166·· ~0·1 ltoot~b y 88,826 111,2~0 17,076 21,1611 11,0811 10,0110 -11.171 11711 + 16,1116 11117·0 1111·1 lluwrab 28,621 1ll,8116 11,168 17,027 11,111111 8,02lt -1,Ull 1171 + 1,601 11111·7 111~·1

rr.adeaoJ Dl'fllloa • 1&8,881 1211.~ 117,817 178,618 14,107 II, tal -11,117 -11,871 + 70.1al IU·t 178·0

t4-Puw-, 81,1U 42,61111• 88,661'> 411,898 16,664 18 •• 6. -4,006 - 1,0110 + ll,UI 11116·1 8110·11 Colmn.u 111,1181 11,8611 8,6711 116,606 U,67ll 10,11!1 ·-1!,11111 - 4,M61 - t,767 760·6 Gllll·l "ad Ia ·- 80,108 16,flflll H,UO lll,IIHll 11,8 .. 10,6~8 - 1,2~8 1108 + 11,¥~6 11~1·7 11211•11 ......... d~bad : 66,110 21!,870 26,748 88,8H8 17,618 16,11~0 - 1,6~6 - 1,6va + Xl,7~8 114»·1 lllt·l ........ 12,llll 0,810 6.~011 8,80!1 8,8611 2,1"11 6Ul tJO + 6,1111 11~0·1 1177·1 W oot IIIMJpai. l8,1!~ll 7,008 0,1110 10,863 6,8H7 6,1168 1H6 U1 + 1,61111 1178·7 ~~~··· ~ ...... r.:rt . 118,7811 l2,26t 11,tH6 111,00ll 10,211 11,11111 71111 6~0 + 1,1187 llg7·1 114W·1 ._,...~. lO.IiOI 6,681 1,276 10,278 11,678 6,7117 1161 8711 + 686 1161·6 178·0 (;ooda • •• a't'allabla

TABLE 1.3 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

WIST IIIOAL I!ATI

lwdwu Dlrialoa

liur.tw .. IUrhhaaa Jtankura lllhh .. ,..., llunt.:hly lhnuab

rr.ettle .. , Dlrialoa

16·1'•1'11 ...... l'akuu.a "-•11• . • M•tr•hhlabad • )l .... l. • • \\ .. , l,lh&H•ur J alp•ltrurt •

t:!i:"'lk"t.r :

Boeb8e:xea

I

1«0,011

lt.l,10tl

us;-r IJ.~~ SS,..UII 76,8lll SJ ~41) l!l,61111

197.1108

IIS,IIt11 2tl,6~!1 l!:I,UH Sri 7-6 l

U,l4>1 u.v.-w 111 •• 4:t

... -

Number or blrt.ha

II ale

I

221,711

126,11)

21,837 18,11!111 17,8'!8 811,Ml0 17,168 U,66S

103,3811

13,854 u,av6 I 1.11411 1~ ... ,.e •. 77S 7,6;) 11.111'8 6,1107

AND DISTRICT DURING 1943

Jlurnber or 4eatba

J'e111ale BoUI8o:r.e. Kale J'emala

6 I I 7

111,308 U4,218 832,182 292,084

U8,783 81.6,036 188,021 117,011

20,,91 .7.6117 U,A42 22,112S lti,~Sll ••1,61111 1!11,61ll 111.~77 18,4:!') 60,170 l!II,H~S 1Y.~H7 8f>,!'lll 126,731o 117,1!47 67,4:!2 16,676 27,41111 U,HIO 12,t114tl 12,U7 84,876 111,111!7 16,067

llt,6lll O.Oii,lial 184,181 UM70

IO,Ot7 D1,21S 61,8711 89.~3· 8,21\6 52,1!113 27,71JQ 24,6511

ll,OY6 8~<,•!411 n,71!11 111,136 I 7, 7•6 115,078 BJ,IMI :U,V42 4.:na 11,317 G,,~l 6.4~1\ 7,61~ H,4ori 8,54~ 6,1118 11,•&0 ~t).804 U,II3S 12.~71 •,iol l1,2.i>d .,e70 6.11>18 •• ••a~~aMe

Exoeol(+)or B101101(+)or Bxoeea( +) or Jluruber or •uruber of donol•ocy(-) 4olloloocy(-) d•llol•ocy(-) female blrtba I• male

or'"""''' or r.rwote O( blrtb1 OYt!ll per I,UUO dea&-hl blrtha onr death• over deatho, butb male ~~-~~~ malo blrtha male deatba .. a.,. blrU..

d-Lba

I • 10 11 11

-17,110 -10,091 - 18t,2111 ta·• .,... -1,640 -21,007 112,828 131•1 171'0

-l,UII - 2.217 6,1311 11'14·6 11111·1 707 7;16 7,~ijfj 11")·6 ...,, .. lin I! - 1,6\HI e.~~~~ IIH·I ''"J·tl

- 2.6~1 - 11.7<>6 61J.4:!1J .. ~,·· 8~4·1

- l,.w;£ - 2.126 + 6.H6 Ut4·1 M.>d·l

- 1.~~0 - •• ~'IU u,o.,, IIOJJ•I 70<1·1

-8,170 -19,091 - 111,823 114·1 1113'7

- 1,'1117 -11,646 27,31» ~~7·6 77 :,·;J -li.J:IO - I,Jf.o 81,810 ...... """'' e!,l 671! J~,7VII \r".t ... ·ll IIIJ·U - 1,171 - 1.l•W :t~.:J '.t 'H"" Z \o'\4·1

[,4;2 ·~~ ~.~~~~ .,..,,., v·:1· 1

l~:J 0"1\ + :t, .. ..tl "·",. \loll& I

ll!O - l,llfl2 e ..... t V.,7·U ".;.j·lt

ll!G ... j l.Z,7U 176·1 lll7·t

TABLE 1.4 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

AND DISTRICT DURING 1944

WEST BEIOAL STATE

Bur4wau Dlt1aloo

Rurdwan lllrt•hum R•mkura r.tldnnpur Hoo~hly .Uowrah

Pr11ldenor Dlmloa

24-Par"aoaa , Calcutta Nadia • • r.turohldabad , r.talda • , Weot DlnaJpur J 1\lpal"url o Darjoellng , · Couch Behar o

:Number of btrtho

Both 8exea Male

2

877,378

1103,421

85,367 21,6111 114,160 66,7112 28,610 27,817

173,849

&1,648 21,1181 16,740 211,128 16,162 14,6111 16,116

7,648

3

196o160

106,394

18,321 11,183 12,666 84,058 14,11811 14,337

80,768

27,162 11,6811

8,783 16,061

8,4411 7,688 8,276 8,878

Female

4

181,216

88,033

17,086 10,608 11,604 81,736 13,671 13,480

83,183

24,491 10,242

8,007 14,072

7,718 7,063 7,840 8,766

:Number of deaths

Both Sexes Male Female

6

&77,375 '

269,860

48,661 41,200 81,484 711,124 211,885 811,816

307,7111

84,418 62,846 80,768 66,1116 25,851 18,574 27,815 11,628

6

300,429

137,7f4

25,046 20,244 16,886 40,759 16,160 20,670

16Bo8611

7

276,946

131,898

23,605 20,1156 16,5911 38,865 14,225 111,146

145,050

45,236 311,182 211,602 23,248 15,851 14,1117 28,826 28,090 13,884 12,017

11,656 8,1118 14,147 18,168

6,018 6,615 :Not available

TABLE 1.5

Excess(+) or deficiency(-)

of female births over male births

8

-14,944

-7,361

-1,285 - 675 - 962 - 2,824 - 1,268 - 867

-7,583

- 2,661 -1,447

726 11711 786 485 436 118

Excess( + ) or deficiency(-)

of female deaths over male deaths

II

- 23,483

&,868

1,441 + 712

286 2,3114

1136 1,524

- 17,615

8,064 8,3611

1134 786

1,817 738 11711 4118

Excess(+) or Numhor of deficiency(-) female births

ofbtrthsover perl,OOO deaths, both mote

sexes births

10

-199,899

-66,233

- 18,294 - 111,6011 - 7,324 - 18,332

775 - 11,11911

-133,788

- 82,775 - so,9a -14,028 -- 27,7113 - 11,189 - 8,1183 -11,11111 - 8,885

11

823·8

1130·1

11211·9 11:!11·6 1124·2 1131·8 1115·1 1140·2

816·5

902·0 876·1 1116·11 1135•0 1112·11 1135·7 1147·8 1170·11

Number of female deaths

per 1,000 male

deaths

12

921-8

867·f

1142.5 1,035·2

ll!!ll·() lln·3 938·8 11~6·8

891"8

866·8 785•2 941·1 1174·5 901·2 1123·6 1130·8 1117·1

ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1945

Locality

1

WEST BENGAL STATE

Bur4wan Dld1loD

Burdwao Jllrbhum Jlnnkura Mldnapur Boollhly Bowrah

l'r11ldenor D!mloa ,

24-Par"aoaa • Calrntta Nadia • o :M urahldabad o Molda • • w •• t ntnAJpur .Talpal~rurl DIU"joellnll o Cooch DehU' o

.. "·o

. :Number of births

Both Bexea Male

I

4&7,358

11311,807

88,7117 24,626 81,168 85,2411 28,8112 26,580

1122,048

68,918 27,728 28,8U 44,426 20,228 18,048 18,575 10,2117

a

1188,&18

1211,88t

20,178 12,664 16,084 U,816 15,166 18,11110

118,181

88,781 14,616 12,670 22,9911 10,620

6,8011 11,485

. 6,802

Female

4

1118,840

111,923

18,621 11,1162 16,0711 40,1184 18,787 12,690

1011,817

80,187 18,112 11,264 21,427

9,608 6,284 11,0110

··- •• 4,11116

Number oC deathl

Both s~xea Male Female

&

4ts,600

11114,1190

86,885 211,1147 26,1118 57,661 26,1171 28,818

1144,010

8

238,811

104,1611

18,678 1.4,766 18,640 211,078 18,0118 15,012

129,147

'7

11111,288

100,421

17,'711 16,181 12,878 28,488 12,876 18,801

114,863

80,800 27,478 28,824 18,056

Excess(+) or dello1ency(-)

offemale btrths over

male btrthl

8

-19,678

- 8,481

-1,665 - 702 -1,005 -8,881 -1,618 -1,400

-10,8111

- 8,5U -1,504

67,'7'78 U,878 24,761 48,617 111,636 16,806 24,207 10,1188

12,860 11,8111 . -1,806 -1,572 24,1130 28,687

10,468 9,068 8,678 7,727

12,516 11,6112

.L.f{;fL: I 6,671 . - 6,266

'-"' JrO$ e1'allable

-1o012 575 896

- 807

Exce10(+lor deficiency -)

offemale deaths over

male deathl

II

-18,024

-8,740

- 1161 + 6111 -1,167 - 6115 - 221 -1,211

-11,294

-2,822 - fi,770

1169 -1,243 -1,400

861 -. 828 - · •o6

Exoess( +)or Number of deficiency(-) female births of births over per 1,000 deaths, both male

aexea births

10

+ 8,7118

+30,717

+ 2,tlll - fi,821 + 6,250 +27,688 + 2,921 -2,238

·-21.961

+ 8,140 -14,160 - 917 -.,1111 + 692 -8,262

--6,632 - 661

11

&17·a

822·7

1122·0 1144·6 ll37•fi 1123·7" 906•6 8911·11

112·0

894-11 8117·1 8116·1 1131•7 904--7 1115·0 1168·6 1162·1

:Number of female deaths

per 1,000 male

deatba

12

11211·7"

884·1

1150·6-1,028·1

1118·& 11711·r. 1183·1 9lll·ll

888·1

1108·0. 757·8 824·7 960·1 966·· 900·8 1184·1 8"~8··

TABLE 1.6 ACI'UAL NUMBER OF DIRTIIS AND DEATIIS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE

DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1946

I

trut I&JOAL ITAR

l_.wuDINioa

llurdwao fllrt•hum llankura ... d ... , ... , Hoo,.htr ..... , ...

rr .. t .. aorDINJoa ,

14-Parunae • ('Aif'Utla ,_adla • • )lur•hldabad , ... hla . .

'"'"' JllnalJ•ur Jalpal~url

I•••l"""~• . c.· ..... ·b lioohar •

JrumiM oCbi..U..

BotJa ..... lla.le

I

IIM,881 .... ,8,8t8 80,4011 81l,4.'10 110,211& 16,01111 211,776

114,.180

,.,IH 83,411 26,1!3!1 ,7,6U Ill, II~· l7,tWd 26,101 J0,4t!U

• r11188

1811,86t

16,4411 16,4611 111,1!41 ,II,Ull lt!,IKO H,Ot!ll

Ul,lll

su.suo 17 ,c:-,6 13,170 24,612 10.529 11,1~2

13,035 6,311~

J'emale

16J,t97

UO,tll

1!3,8117 H,ll40 11!,6!411 ,3,1133 JII,II!Jtl 1~111!11

UI,041

85,27' l6,11o7 12,6611 xa,ot2

11,:1115 t.4,578

Jt,06tl· 6,0!Ill

6

Uf,887

180,801

8&,619 81,761 23,ll3t 63,~711 22,11111 2,,6011

124,181

.!1,840 311,137 24,~31 46,7111 111,2611 Jo,a7o 23.4~0 -11,036

Jrumber or dea&he

• 818,881 ... ...

1!1,11f41 15,7711 1:.0,357 l!i,l!ltl l1,6U ll!,llll

U'7,141

26,1149 l!O,UII ll!,6111 23,626 10,117

11,716 12,243

,,112'

TABLE 1.7

'

18,1188 H>,llt!~ 10,1177 16,063 10,66' 11,611<1

101,M4

22,1101 16,!4!411 12.212 23,166

11,1311 7,661

11,177 ,,,11 Not available

liioa-.(+)or dello-I•IM'rf-)

otromal• blrthao""r

-·· blrtha

I

-11.171

-1.101 -1!,049

6~11 - 1,2ioll -1!,31111 - 1,27t - 1,403

-10,te8

-,,0211 - 1,4»7

602 -1,4110 -1,1U

646 111111

- so•

••-( +)or ll•.-( +)or Koamt..r or lhmboor ol d•llt'lell<'JI-) d•tlri•IK')'(-) (lornaleo blrtha frU\Aie of r........ of blrtha onr .,., J,uuu d.,.ll,. d ... u,. onr d ... tha, botb •••Ia !'- t,uuo _.. deatbe ..... blttba hiAie

• -1'7.171

- ••• '7'7

- 1,848 + l!Oll - 1,4110 - 1,168 -1,0111 - 1,1113

-ll,tel

-1,11611 -,,Hill

'"7 .Ill 117!1

- 1,064 -1,111111

lllll

10

+101,171

+ 71.11M

+ u.su - I,3U + U,l\111 + 811,111111 + 12.""7 + X,l!lltl

+111.81t + tii,I!S4

¥,7211 + 1,007 + 743 + linN + l ~·J•JI

+ ,:6~i + 1,441'>

u

1119·1 1111110 11311·11 114,.·11 11211·11 lllJU·t

111'0 ~97·8 1114·1 11111·11 11a11·11 HVt·l 11611'1 112~·7 1143·11

deatbe

11

11U

Ntl 1111·11

1,0U·II fOIOO•I 1167·11 11<111·1 •wiHI

1011 IIH4·7 7"4 II 11117·7 11100·6 ~ll:t·tl

H7W·I 1112·11 11:.a·11

ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACII SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1947

J.0<-.1111

WIS'l' UllOA£ l'l'AR

lardwuDimloa

Jiurd•aD 1\lrt.tuuo l\an.kura ..... , .. pur lt••..rl•lr llo•rab

rr..t.S.acr DIYialca

,, .... ,~ ....... talt-uua Nadia . , )ltar•hklabad • ~hltta . • \\ r•t J)ln•Ja•UI Jalpat.:url Jlar).-.IIUII ,

l"""'" lioohar ,

Nnmboor or blrt~

Botb 8eaee Hale

II

U7,766

118,064

4HJ<III ~~.~:,7 ~U,471

71 .~~· SO,tJ:iV Xl,7o47

111,701

5D,I3S :t:t.~U4 ¥l,IV4 :u,v-.o n,bts 1:1,,111 1-&,J".l 11,401

8

W,184

111,831

21,161 Jl.a114 16,071 s; .~"" 1~.7"' 11,176

110,846

81,309

:I:~~; '"·'"" 7,114

7,11 s lt,,;7

6,•01

remale

' 8011,671

10'-211

I D,611S 10 ... 113 14,4110 114,!160 14.~46 IO,a7•

IOl,IH

27,"2' )U,OUO IU,II7 l11,7Vt 11,414 l,'iHl

)J,\UI~ 6,6l'0

Number or d""tha

Botb 8ellee lllalo romale

II

187,111b

183,910

~~.1114 2U,IItl:l ~ti.f••~ 67,11:14 ~t..YUf U,313

193,266

45,1711 4!,1:15 111,•~4 u,•74 ll,tU~ 14,71\l! I~.H•J

11,.'131

II

101,062

89,1011

~~.•·u ta,1112 1:1,4115 l!M,II!\\1 II,II•HI 12,.1\~d

101,880

7

188,103

114,808

17,1 ~· 13,2111 la,u47 ~~.llfiS IIJ,IIH 11,727

111.288

U.7JII !I,HU ~:.:.a.:.t' 11"',777 ]0,113 111,7'.!1 17 ,11"11 H1.17S

11,111>1 6,11~ 7,771 11,~1>1 11,7711 b.lift4 ,,4111 4,116

Ko& uallable 1

E ••••,.( +) or dl1tiOif'lncY(-)

offnnu&le blrthe ov.,r

male t>lrtha

8

-18,813

- 7,82t

- 1,4"11 471 671

-2,644 -1,6611

PHI:!

- 1,1181

- 1,4•6 - J,"".

'"'" - 1.~~6 7••• 414 (,t)\1

1:61

E•-•(+)or

d:~~~~"r:r!-) dt~aU•• OVttl'

rualo doatha

I

-14,8111

-UH

-l,Utl Ul .... 3114

- l,UIII 11:011

-10,8111

- 1.!1111 - •• ~·1

~112

- 1,6"4 ~711 7~<~U .... ;!

liUI

Eace••( +)or d•ftcl•noJ(-) ol blrtha ov"r

doatha, both ... ,.,. 10

+tll.690

+ a.ut i 6,202 - 4,H411 -t ~.\t~\1

+ u.~Vf' .... 7,1:l!'J - ¥,7tHJ

+ 18,448

+ u.o~.7 -7,11:11 + 1.~ ... , + J.loO + :t,!;t:..

IIIII + 6 ......... '+ l,¥JU

Kun.""r or Num .... r of r ......... blrtha (t·ntale

per J,uoo d.,.,, .. hl•l• '""' I,IIUO

blrtha rnale

ll

12111

.. Jll

0~11 7

'*·'"'' ... ~-6 "'"11·1 .,., •. If

~~~•H

Ill I

.... 7 lf.w·O '" ,, 3

""·' t ~~• e Vfl • ~ .•• 4 .,..,,') 6

d., ... ,..

li".JI

8687

11~7·1 U711·4 '*tHt. ""'\J & 1116·1 U~l·7

91>3·ll IJ,1V a ""1·1 111a • ~•v I ...... 1114" IIJI··

TABLE 1.8

ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1948

E xc••s( +) or Exceo•(+) or Excess(+) or Nnmh•ror Number or births Number or deaths deftcl•ncy(-) deftcl•ncy(-) deftrl•nry(-) female births

LoealltF of female of female of births over P•r 1,000 Both Bexee Male Female Both Sexes Male Female births over dPaths over deaths, both IDRI"

male births male deaths aexPs blrtas

1 2 8 . 4 6 6 7 8 0· 10 11

WEST BEROAL ITATE • 1113,584 2S6,710 217,8111 8811,278 198,401 188,877 -17,8118 -11,521 +88,288 821•8

Burhraa DJ,hlotl . 2ll,lili6 111,140 10Mlli 188,W 96,193 88,231 - 7,7211 - ],1188 +28,181 930'11

.BtJrdwon 87,171 19,808 17,868 U,844 17,538 17,806 -1,485 232 + 2,827 925·7 I

Blrbhum 1!8,247 13,802 12,945 22,997 11,581 11,486 857 85 + 8,250 1178·1

llanll:ura 27,480 14,202 18,278 J, . ' .• 24,6~9 i J li 12,551 11,978 924 573 + 2,951 934·9

'Mtdnarur 76,521 89,698 88,928 59,278 29,625 20,648 -2,665 + 28 + 17,248 932·7 •

Ho011hl)' 26,564 18,937 1?,627 22,284 11,823 10,901 -1,810 362 + 4,280 1106·0

llowroh 20,572 10,808 9,769 24,497 12,625 11,872 - 1,084 758 8,925 904·8

Prealdeaor Dl•bloa . 239,0011 124,&70 114,139 1116,861 103,208 113,818 -10,131 -8,6611 Hll,8116 818·7

U·Par~anoo . 61,868 82,654 29,214 49,105 25,825 23,480 -8,440 -2,145 +12,768 894•7

Calrutta 40,842 11,222 19,120 48,178 25,767 22,411 - 2,102 -8,856 - '1,838 901-0

Nadia . 21,795 11,897 10,898 10,032 9,615 9,417 - 999 198 + 1,768 912·8

)lurabl<labad , .. 42,026 11,644 20,882 28,546 14,704 18,8'2 - 1,262 862 +18,480 1141·7

Maida 20,879 10,72~ 9,656 12,181 8,661 5,520 -1,087 -1,141 + 8,198 eoo-&

Wnt DlaaJpur 14,884 7,484 6,950 12,888 6,986 5,897 484 -1,0811 + 1,501 1186·11

Jalpaliurl 26,897 18,720 18,177 18,167 9,881 8,788 563 15915 + 8,780 960·4

I>RrJeolln(l 11,818 6,776 5,542 8,'i62 4,469 4,293 284 178 .&. 2,1550 1150.5

Cootb Beltat , Not available

d.!lll. .i ,, ~. ,)

Nnmheror frm~le drath•

per 1,000 male

deatho

12

841·8

879-1

1188·8

1194·4

954•8 ~ I

1,000•8

968•0

040·4

807'1

IH6·8

869·&

979'4

941•4

828•7

844-1

1180·0

96001'·

TABLE 1.9 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTIIS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN TilE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE

DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1949

Jiumber of dtatba Esl!f'U(+)or J:x.....C+tor E•-.(+)or J{anol>t-r of !i uaol>t-r or

:.lllllber or blrtha dollcltbey(-) dd~l~aey(-) drllrlrary(-) rra.alr hlrtha , ....... l.«alllJ ~ ..., orrra.ale orrrmale of blrtho nv.r J>er J,uuu d•••h•

BoUII!uee llale J'omale Botbl!ell .. ..... J'emale blrtba ovrr d•atb• o.-er cl .. lhe,bolb Juale l"'fl,UW male l>lr\ba maledeatbe ..... lll"h• •••• . .. , ...

I I • • 6 • ' I • 10 1l II

WU! IUOAL ITAfl 488,161 263,200 1!34.1161 1'72,668 180.111 w.ua -18,147 -7,871 +lU.IH 127"1 tot' I

•••ft8Diritioa Ut,IOI 118,148 10'7,868 183,028 81,111 80,818 -1,783 -1,188 + 41,478 124'1 .. ,... llnrdwao •o.1111 10,7111 111,86. 82,1120 111,461 111,0117 - ... 07 81>11 + 7,61111 831·! 8711·1 IUrhhuna 211,6tS8 18,1172 12,11111 U,6!10 12,244 12,4:111 7611 + 1112 + 1,111111 1144·7 1,111&·7 lianllura 29,114& 16,6117 14,8411 28,1611 11,7711 11,877 -1,2411 •u2 + 11.7~11 IIIII· II liM·· tlldn•r•ur 711,888 411,673 87,7113 6~.1149 211.722 80,2~7 - l,7l'IU + &116 + 111,417 1131·6 1,017·0 ltnnvhly 27,1104 H,570 18,2:14 2U,645 10,6110 10,1•~~ - 1,836 476 + 7,1611 llfl•·• 11.'·~0 Jio•rah 2J,OtS7 U,till 10,2U 22,u76 11,868 10,728 -1,2116 oao IIIII lit< II·· 1144·1

PrHid-r Dlrilioo 183,841 138.161 117,087 189,1138 18,006 11,128 - 1,0114 -8,477 + 74,1U tao-I 13:1'1

U· Par~anaa , 114,171 83,6114 80,1108 ti,45S 24,703 22,750 -2,950 -1,953 + 111,7111 811·11 0~0·8 CalrtJtta 17,616 211,707 27,1!011 41,1!62 22,6~3 111,8:!11 -1,1<1111 -8,11<4 + 16,653 ll:tn 1 tt:, .. ·ft Iliad Ia 20,7110 10,71!7 101008 111,147 11,4118 11,654 7H4 + 161 + l,ft43 11~7·8 1,017·0 .,,,,.hld~t•ad : 43,61<0 2~.1165 21,015 28,566 14,846 14,2~0 -1,MO 1211 + 1&,114 11~7·1 111>1·1 ... ~.t. 21,0117 1J,Jal! 11,96.) 12,664 6,ti4H 0,0111 - 1,167 ea2 1· 11,433 IIU6·1 11114·1 w .. , m~aJpu 17,708 11,0!!6 8,11t3 13,874 6,006 8,468 .62 •aM of· t,384 11411·1 878·1 laiJ•al~nrl , 27,0118 13,725 l3,36tl 11!,201 11,171 8,030 857 141 + 8,1111~ 1174·0 11~<4·8 J)arjo.llnr 11,6111 6.8t16 11,707 8,266 .. 216 4,061 1711 1U + 8,3H 81111·8 IIUJ·l COO<"b Debar Jio& available

~

TABLE 1.10 ~

ACTUAL NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS REPORTED FOR EACH SEX IN THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND DISTRICT DURING 1950

Number or blrtba !o umbtr or deatba Exee••(+/or Ex-•l+)or ll:lle• .. C+l or lllumber or •umber of deftclency -) deftcl•ncy(-) doftcl•noy(-) remale birth• frmale

Lleaii&JP ~ offewale orr.wale or blrtha over ptr 1,1100 deatbe Both l!exee Hale J'emale Both Bexea Hale J'emale blrtha over dttath• over doathe, both male ~, 1,1"1()

male blrthe male deatbe aeaea blrtl18 n••l• d•etba

I I a ' 6 8 7 8 8 10 11 11

WIST IUOAL ITATI U4,143 ll:lO,Gl4 114.11211 8116,843 1811,448 1'71,397 -111,4!11 -14,049 + 87,7CO 122'7 t24'1

lardwu Dl'l!aioo 20.1,828 100,088 17,140 168,461 88,463 81,8118 -1,648 - 4,41111 +88.181 l1t'4 Ml'4

1\urdwen 35,4711 18 377 17,102 30,395 15,7110 14,605 -1,275 - 1,1~5 + 6.0~4 930·6 D2ti·O IHrt.t.um 20,481 10.41111 11,11a2 23.4011 11.~1111 ll,C.S7 6fi7 tx~ - 2.~76 g4~·0 8i4!'0 1\ah}l.ura 25,421 13.1~7 12,23. 21,4~4 11.258 10,231 9()3 - J,fl~2 + 3,P717 ~~7·7 t'•ll·t )lldllal'ur 74,70. 8~,733 8a,D71 63,340 27,154 26,1~6 - 1,762 ~~H +21,3"4 II~H·7 gl\4·4 }l~hly 26,254 '13,864 12,300 18,947 11,11118 8,11411 - 1,474 - 1,0H + 7,3117 11118·7 ~~~~·I llowrah 21,837 11,4211 11,1111 20,8811 10,8911 10,490 - 1,616 + Ill + U8 11!7·4 1,0011·1

PrHI•••r DltWoa 140,117 123,128 118,1811 188,381 11,188 811,3111 -1,838 -1.684 +11.131 t44'1 IOa'l !t·ParltahU • ~~.~611 81,161 27,50~ 40,483 !1,483 111,060 -3,fl~3 -2,:<>8 + 1~.1~11 ~·2 fl It,.,.., ('akuua 6t.I,~Oi 81.242 211,560 62,1U8 27,8611 !4,8•11 -1,f~2 -2,£14

+ ~."''" 11411 2 "''" 4 lla•lla 15,51111 7,2(>6 8.8811 18,Pu7 ~.~41 11,1118 +1.1~3 - 476 - 1,212 1111·1 ,,._~·(J

)ln,.hld~l·ad: 111,206 111,261 111.~44 25,587 U,4u6 J2,1U + 8><3 -1.2~5 +13,111" 1, .. ~6·6 .. , ..... •••kl• lt'4,tlt0 11,6\H! 8,822 12,456 8,1'14 6,641 -1,876 -I,Jia + 6,Lf!5 tJb ... ·l 1>27·• \\HI 1>1;..JI•V 13,12:11 11, .. 511 11,2116 13,718 7,2411 11.472 - 6111 774 bl•ll tot a·• .. \I'll Jall•al~nrl 14,:!76 12,6116 11,5 .. 0 18,3114 11,4~2 1!,111•2 -1,116 61 .. ) + 6.1"'1 1112·! 11"7 .. l>ar)ffilhlf 11,2211 6,1>(!11 6,420 8,742 4,601 4,141 - hll - 460 + 1,4117 IIU·O IIW'O C.-hBebar !io& uallable

TABLE 2 TOTAL BIRTHS 1941•50

1941-UI.iO. 1941 1942 1943 1944 194o 1946 1947 1948 19411 19&0 ,.. - .. .. . .. . .. "'----.. -.. DltLrlcL Male Female Hale Female Hale Female Hale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female :Male Female :Male Female Hale Female }{ale }·emale

1 I • • 6 0 7 8 II, 10 11 12 lS u 16 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

R11r•1wan . 21~,33& 21)3,411 25,921) 24,578 27,041 25,304 21,837 20,491 18,321 17,036 20,176 18,621 25,446 23,397 21,151 19,665 19,303 17,868 20,761 19,854 18,877 17,102 Hlrhl11110 l4~.1ij4 1:15,525 1~.353 16,771 Hl,672 18,426 16,989 16,2a2 11,183 10,50d 12,664 11,962 15,466 14,940 11.364 10,893 13,302 12,945 l:l,672 12,916 10,4119 9,932 li.mkura l!l~.f,lij t.sa,toa 18,>11!3 1!1,127 19,790 19,026 17,388 16,420 12,556 11,604 16,084 15,079 19,841 18,589 15,071 14,400 14,202' 13,278 15,597 14,34d 13,1d7 12,234 Mi•lfl'lf'Uf au~,a12 872,7a4 4~.023 40,097 8ij,901 34,8d5 88,500 85,819 34,058 31,734 44,315 40,934 46,3:)2 43,933 37,284 84,640 39,593 36,9~8 40.573 31,793 38,733 85,971 Jf•Jo~.t:hly I61,9H9 146,~94 19,114 17,336 19,250 17,074 17,166 15,674 14,939 13,671 )!;,155 13,737 18,180 16,906 1&,794 H,24o 13,937 12,627 14,570 13,234 13,864 12,890 Huwru.h u~.o~l 116,816 1a,397 U,007 12,380 11,143 13,443 12,147. 14,837 1H81) 13,990 12,690 14,089 12,6~6 11,175 10,372 10,803 9,769 11.476 10.211 11,426 9,1111 24-l'•&.r!.,Cfi.Dil.; s;,l,4HJ 316,6JS3 46,151 42,965 42,56Q S8,o65 33,854 30,047 27,152 24,491 33,731 30,187 39,300 35,274 31,809 27,824 82,6!;4 29,214 83,564 30,608 81.161 ' 27.608 Dalcutta 1dl,VtU 11!2,798 16,0:)3 U,257 11,359 8,478 11,394 9,264 11,689 10,242 14,616 13,112 17,454 15,957 17,204 16,000 21,222 19,120 29,707 27,808 S1.2.&2 29.560 Nadia 116,7r•4 109,637 14,202 13,2ii6 15,666 14,440 11,~46 11,095 8,733 18,007 12,570 11,264 13,170 12,668 11,077 10,117 11,397 10,39S 10,787 10,003 7,206 8.3~11 Mur•hl<labad 220,969 2<1d,6:Jo 29,323 21,uo. 28,370 26,746 18,956 17,785 1o,051 14,072 22,999 21,427 24,612 23,022 18,188 16,792 21,644 20,382 22,665 21,01o 19.2d1 111,944 Maida 87,174 7tl,399 7,824 7,244 6,310 0,809 4,77o 4,273 8,H9 7,713 10,620 9,608 10,629 9,395 7,114 6,414 10,723 9,6o6 11,132 9,96o 11,698 8,322 We•t DlnajpUI 76,1>48 72,446 8,010 7,806 7,003 6,819 7,671 7,418 7,oa8 7,063 6,809 6,234 9,122 8,o76 .7,115 6,701 7,434 6,950 9,085 8,623 6,856 6,266 Jalpni~<Irl 118,920 118,038 18,267 12,668 12,254 11,486 9,986 9,856 8,276 7,840 9,485 9,090 13,035 12,066 2,477 11,908 13,720 18,177 13,725 18,368 12,690 11,680 IJarj""ll n~ • 64,2U 61,681 6,900 6,408 6,o3a 6,27o 4,907 4,781 8,878 a,76o 0,302 4,99o 6,392 o,088 6,861 o,6oo o,776 o,l>42 o,8S6 6,707 6,8011 6,420

Oooob Be ar No~ available

TOUL li,4U,7112 1,241,1112 280,826 260,966 268,108 148,476 1128,712 211,802 196,160 181,216 238,616 218,840 271,868 262,497 '222,184 206,671 236,710 217,864 253,200 234,DoS 230,014 214,6211

tO ~

TABLE 3 BIRTH RATES {NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER 1,000 OF TOTAL POPULATION)

A-Calculated on the population at the census of 1941

1961-11150 . 11141 1942 11148 11144. 1946 1948 1947 11148 1949 11150

Dlatrlo~ .- ....----"--... :Male Female Jlla.l8 Female :Male Female :Male Femele Male Femele lllale Felllale Male Female Male Felllale ~ale Female Male Femele :Male Female

I \8 '· 6 6 7 8 Q· 10' 11 12 13 u u- 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28

Averaae '·'

Burdwan 11·6 10•8 18·7 13·0 U•S 18•4 11·6 10•8 11•7 9·0 10·7 9·8 18·6 12·4 11·2 10·4 10·2 9·6 11·0 10·2 11·7 9·0 .Birbhurn U·6 12·9 p·li 16·8 17•8 17•8 16•2 15·6 10•7 10·0 12·1 11·4 H•8 H·S 10·8 10·4 12·7 12·8 lS·O 12·8 10•0 :·6 Bankura 12·6 11•9 4•8 U·O 15•8 14•7 13·6 12·7 9·7 11·0 12·6 11·7 15·4 14·4 11·7 11·2 11·0 10·8 12·1 11·1 10·2 ·6 MhlMyur 12·11 11·7 18·8 1ll·8 11·8 10·9 12·1 11•8 10·7 11·9 13•9 12•8 14·6 13·8 11·7 ·10·8- 12·4 . 11·0 12·7 11·8 12·1 ·11-8 Boogh y 11·8 10•7 13•9 '12·8 U•O 12•4 12·11 11•4 10•8 11·9 11•0 10•0 13•2 _l2·8 11·6- 10·8 10·1 11·2 10·6 9·6 10·1 ll•O Howrab 8·8· 7•8. 10•8 -11·4 8·8 7·6- 11•0 8•8 9•6 9•0 9·4 - 8·4 11•5 .. 8·5 7·6 7·0 7·2 0·8 7·7 6·11 7·7 8·7 24·1'&r\lanai 11·8 8•1 12·0 11·7 11·8 10•5 9·2 8·8 7•4 ' 8•7 11·8 8•2 10•7 9·6 8·6 7·8 8·11 8·0 9•1 8·4 8·11 7·6 (JalcuLt.a 8·8 ,., 7•6 8·8 5·4 4•0 4·11 4•4 5•6 4·9 8•11 6·2 8·8 7·6 8·2 7·6 10·1 9·1 U·l 18·2 U•8 14·0 Na<lla 13·9 13·0 18·11 15·8 18·8 17•2 14·2 lS•ll 10·4 11·5 15·0 13•4 15·7 15·1 13·2 12·0 13·8 12·4 12·8 11·9 11·0 10·0 Mur•hldabad 13•6 12·7 17-ll 16·7 17·8 16•8 11·6 10·8 9•2 8•6 - 14·0 13·1 15·0 U·O- 11·1. 10•2 13·2 12·4 13·8 12·8 11·7 12·2 Maida 10·8 9·8 9·8 8·6 7•5 6•9 5·7 ~ 5·1 . 10•0 11·1 12·8 11•4 12·5 11·1 8·4 7·6 12·7 11·4 13·2 11·8 11·6 9·11 Weot Dlnajpur 18·1 12·4 13·7 18·4 12·0 11•7 13·0 12·7 12·9 12·1 11·7 10•7 15·8 "14•7 12·2- 11·6- .• 12·7 • 11·11 '16•6 14·8 11·8 10·7 Jtlll>aiKtlll • U·O 18·& 16·7 15·0 U·6 18·6 11•8 11•8 9•8 9·8 11·2 10•7 15·4 14·8 14·7 14·1 16·2 16·8 18·2 16·8 16·0 18·7 Darjeelinl! • ..., 18·7 16·7 U·• 14·7 14•0 18•0 12·7 10•8 1Q·O 14·1 13•3 14·8. .13·6..- ., 15·0 - .U·II ,, . 16·8 .U•7 15·8 16·2 16·4 U·· Oooob Bobar Not available

TOTAL 10·1 10•6 13•1 18•8 1lH 11·· 10•7 11•9 11·2 - $·11- .,1·2 .-: 10•3 . . ' 12·8 11•11 10·· 11·7 11•1 10•2 11•11 11·0 10·8 10.1

TABLE 4

lliRTll RATES (NU1\IllER OF niRTllS PER 1,000 OF TOTAL POPULATIO.N) n-Calculated on the estimated population on the 30th June of each year computed on the assumption that the population

chan~ed at a uniform rate from one census to the next '

11143 19U 11147 111411 I116U ,... __ ,.__ _ __, ,....__...__......, ()l•lllcl Malo )'t~Balo Mal• )'emale Male lowale Male J!'emale )4aJe )!'emale Male .t'emale Male J!'ewale Male Fenl&le Male )'tnl&le Kale )'•·wale ·1~1• ···111&1•

llurdwao lllrbbuw Jtaokura )b.Joapur lloo~hlJ IJuwrah l&·l'ar~aoaa

Calcutta Jiladla Mtu•hittahad MaMa WooL IHuajpur J alt,.l~url • Darj..,llu~,

Cu...:b llrbar

TOUL

• I

.A••nce II·•

, U·l

u·• U·8

• 11·· 8·7 II·& 8·11

13·· • U·& . 10·1 • 13·1 • U·& . U·•

• 12·8

10·0 lll·ll 11·7 11·6 10·· 7·8 8·6 11·0

12·0 11·6 11·0

U·• U·7 13·7

11·7

' 13·7 17·· U·& 12·& 11·8 111·8 U·& 7•8

16·11 17·8

11·1 13·7 1~·7

1~·7

• 13·0 141•8 U·O 12·6 U·6 II··

11·7 41·8

16·7 16·7 8·8

13·3 16·0

U··

• U·l 17•6 16·ll 11·6 13·8 ll·S

11·· 6··

17·6 17·0 7·8

12·0 16•0 U·7

U·ll

7

13·2 17·8 U·8 10•8 12·2

7·· 10•8 6·0

16·2 16·0 8·7

11·7 U·ll U·O

• 11·8 16·8 13·2 11-11 12·2 8·11 11·0 6•0

13·ll 11·2 6·&

U·ll U·O 13·0

1U·G

10•6 16·0 1i·6 11·1 11·1 8·1 11·0 6·6

12·· 10·6

"'' 12·6 12·8 12·7

10

11·8 10•0

11·7 10•7 10·8

11·7 7·6 6·7

10·1 11·3 11·8

U·ll 10·11 10·6

11·8

11

8·11 10·0 10·0 12·1

8·11 U·6 10•0 13·11

11·7 10·8 11·1 11·6 6·0 11·2 6·0 7·2 11·2 U·6 8·8 U·l! 8·11 12·8

12·0 11·7 10·8 12·7 10·1 H·3

:Sot avwlable

8·6 11·3

TABLES

18

ll·ll 11•6 11·6 12·11 11·8 8·6 8·2 6·6

13·1 13·2 11·2 10·7 12·2 13·6

u

13·8 U·8 U•1 U·6 12·8 11·6

10·6 8·6

16·2 16·1 U·2 16·7 17•6 U·6

12·8

16

12·2 U·3 U·2 13·8 11·11 8·8 11·6 7·11

U·7 U·2 10·11 U·7 16·2 13·7

11•11 10·6

17

10·2 10·6 10·11 10·7 1o·o 7·0 7·6 7·11

11·7 10·8

7·6 11•6 16•11 16·0

11·7

111

11·1

11·8

U·& 10·0

11·11 IHI

0·0 7·1! 11·0

12·0 12·6 11·1 11·0 17·6 H·7

111•0

lUI

ll·U IO·i

FEMALE niRTIIS REPORTED PER 1,000 MALE niRTllS REPORTED ANNUALLY IN EACH DISTRICT 1941-1950

Year

A ""'aAif' fur IHI·>I.I , ~~~~·ll

1VU • IIJ\.1·11

lVI! , 11.!~·6

IVU • II.!J·II

IVU • II~Hi

IIIU . 1117··

1\''"' . v~-.-7 1111 ~ • w; >·11 1\IH • 11~6·1

liiU • ~~7·1 u~o • eu·7

Bur.twu Blrbbum llankwa Kldnapur Booghly Bowr&b

Ull·G ~H·S

~H·M

V.l~·6

V~\1·~

g.;:,!·\)

VIII·~

9:11·7

11~:.·7

IIJ:l·l 8JO•I

11'•1·3

\hJ:!·B ij,'\d·~

w:.:.·6 DJ\1·&

IIH·&

\1<141·0

WJ'4·6

v:J·~

VU·7 111&·0

IIU·1 llt\4·0

lldl·6

1114·3

~~··2 \)J7·6

Ill•!· \I \).",.:J·:.

IIH·V

11111·8

11~7·7

\IJj·~

11:.1·2 QU·6 uao·& II:JI·8

9!J·7 Vl-1·2

\I~J·1

11:1~·7

V31·5 11;.:5·7

ij,)~·9

llml-tl ~1'47·0

Ill 3·1 91:.-1 11041·6 11~\J·V

lltii·Y 111.10·1) IIUS·I ~113·7

1),)~·0

IIU\1·7 M\1\1•7

903·G 11&•1·2 MY'J·II \1010•6

Yi2.'i·l 9116·3

tl~\l·tl

~G7•6

24- CIOlCUtl& Par~~n••

Uf)J·l

9:11·0

VO:>·V

ri'i7·~

IJO~·U

~'H·II

."U7•6 ... ~ . .;.; ~~~··7 1111·11 11<12·8

•H·u M~0·9

H•l·4 ~·JI·J

8741·~

t1Y7·1 Ul &·;!

v,J,J·O

lltii·O

11:1<1·1 1160·1

!lad Ia

u:J\1•0

VJJ·6 11:!1·7

ll~i·tl

1116·11 "'J~·I :.11)1·\)

VIJ·a

111~·3

11:!7·3

1111·3

IIU·2

IIJU·O

\H:!·ll llli·2

ii:J:i·O

UH·7 \l.j'J•;!

11~.1·~

IIU·7 11~7·2

1,03~·6

M&lda

K'J~·3

U..!:;·\)

U.!0·6 ....... 9

Ill ~·II 11<11·7 M'J,!O:J

II'JI·G

111•1·6

111~·6

W7 ,.6

117:1·7 Vi'V·~

11'1:.·7

"li·f) \HH·l

1111·" IIH·II 1118·1 IIIJoiJ

Jalpal• woul

11)7·~

u-.;-o "&7·3 u:,-;·• IJ.: ·,·7 V, I· 6

11<\<)·6

IIH·U

IIU·Z

\1.)1}·\)

Vl~·G

ll.d·6

1111 3 11;1)·11

111.!·1 ,,.,,., u.:,:, d

••• 11·0 II·K

111·11 •·o 0·7 7·8

U·ll 11·7

14:·0 11·6

10·7 16·0 U·¥

1U·O

N,,t

•"•JJ· at,Je

.. n 12 In ~ Ul

TABLE 6

TOTAL DEAmS 1941-50

10U·60 1041 11142 11143 .11144 11145 11140 11147 1048 19411 10~0

Dlotrlc& Male l'emale Male J'emale Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female )!ale

ll • 4 5 o 7 8 " 10 11 12 18 u 15 1S 17 18

Burdwao • 1112,412 1711,802 111,148 17,870 17,861 18,440 24,842 22,625 25,046 23,605 18,678 17,712 18,681 18,938 18,480 17,134 17,538 JllrbbumJ , 144,278 148,118 12,047 11,126 11,674 11,268 20,612 19,877 20,244 20,956 14,786 16,181 16,7711 16,982 18,812 13,291 11,681 Banllura • . 18H,629 180,806 18,9411 18,098 12,987 12,444 20,888 19,287 15,885 16,699 13,640 12,873 12,357 10,877 13,495 18,047 12,651 )lldoapur , 888,4~0 816,8H6 27,1154 26,888 25,768 24,869 67,247 57,492 40,769 88,365 29,078 28,483 27,216 26,Q68 28,1169 28,666 29,626 Hoo11hlr 121,129 112,077 11,608 10,708 11,069 10,090 14,810 12,668 16,160 14,226 18,096 12,876 11,646 10,664 11,960 10,944 11,823 Ho•rrab 186,072 122,198 10,8110 11,768 8,999 8,028 19,627 15,047 20,670 19,146 16,012 18,801 lll,flll 11,6118 12,686 11,727 12,626 li4·Parraoae 804,760 267,840 80,245 27,1181 26,444 28,464 61,8711 89,834 46,288 89,182 80,800 27,478 26,6411 22,691 23,786 21,440 25,625 Caloutta . 283,668 1118,701 19,718 18,468 14,473 10,121 27,709 U,669 29,602 23,248 23,824 18,054 20,249 16,888 22,858 18,777 25,767 Jiladla 121,660 116,998 11,408 10,848 11,844 10,688 19,708 19,184 16,851 14,917 12,860 11,891 12,619 12,212 10,113 11,721 9,616 )lunbldab~ 204,948 198,791 18,862 14,569 17,418 16,920 83,131 81,942 28,828 28,090 24,930 23,687 28,628 28,166 17,899 16,176 14,704 )I aida 74,844 86,698 5,461 4,705 8,8511 2,949 6,891 6,426 18,884 12,017 10,468 9,068 10,117 11,139 6,091 6,112 6,661 Wed Dloajpur : 78,777 66,888 6,990 6,872 5,887 4,1168 6.642 6,1118 11,656 8,1118 8,678 7,727 8,715 7,861 7,771 6,1191 6,988 .JalpaiJIUrl • 111,291 104,298 10,422 10,017 10,211 9,691 18,988 12,871 14,147 13,168 12,615 11,692 12,248 11,177 11,776 8,984 11,881 Darjeello~ 60,1182 47,118 6,676 6,141 6,478 4,7117 6,870 6,888 6,018 6,616 6,672 6,266 6,624 4,411 4,416 4,116 4,4611 Ooocb Be ar Not avallable

TOT~ • 2,U0,7U 2,058,114 201,178 183,047 182,818 165,678 832,181! 2112,084 800,42t 276,1146 233,312 216,288 216,831 198,358 201,062 188,108 198,401

TABLE 7

DEATH RATES (NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 11000 OF TH~ SAME SEX)

A-Calculated on the population as the census of 1941

11141 11142 19U 1945 1947

Female Male J'emale Male J'emale

111 20 21 22 23

17,808 18.458 16,087 16,790 14,805 11,466 12,244 12,488 11,869 ll.b37 11,978 11,7711 11,877 11,268 10,231 211,648 29,722 80,227 27,154 26.1H6 10,961 10,660 10,086 11,998 8,11411 11,872 11,858 10,728 10,899 10.490 23,480 24,708 22,750 21,438 111.050 22,411 22,623 19,839 27,850 24,846

11,417 11,493 11,664 8,641 8,168 18,842 14,848 14,220 18,408 12,181

6,620 6,848 6,016 6,814 6,641 6,897 6,908 6,468 7,246 8,47ll 8,786 9,171 11,080 11.492 8.901! 4,298 4,2Ui 4,061 4,601 4,141

186,877 1110,116 182,443 186,448 171,8117

1948 19411 11160

Dletrlot

I

Male l'emale Male l'emale Male Female Male Female )!ale Female )!ale Female Male Female Male Female Male Female )!ale Female Male l'emale

:llurdwaQ • Jllrbbum • Jlaokura • Mldoapur Boo&bly

a.

111·8 27•6 21·8 20·4 16·4 18·ll

8

Bonab • 24·Pai'Jiao&l ()alcutta • Nadia • Munbl4aba4 Maida • Wee& DloaJpur • .J al palp:url • Darjeelloll , (looob Behar ·

.lvera11t .

20•2 27•3 20·4 20·8 17·5 18·6 16·1 211·6

• 15·1 .16-1

• 28·2 • 24·9

17·0 24·1 24·1 26·6

. 28·4 U·7 16·7 28•11 27•1 26·7

18·2 23•0 21•& 17·1 15·6 18-1 lti·O 18·6 26·4 20•6 11!·8 111·8 22·0 27·11

6

19·6 21•2 20·5 16·11 18·8 14·9 16•9. 26•1 26·8 17·8 15•7 111·8 28-Q 211-1

17·9 22•1 19·8 16·8 16·0 10·8 18-1 10·0 26·8 21·1

7·11 17•6 22·1 27·4

7 8

U·ll 89•8 82·0. 41·1 20·1 28·0 26·5 111·1 45·0 ,0·1 18·8 21·4 80·2 211·4

26·& 87•9 80·2 88·11 19·9 22·9 24·1 87·4 48·11 811·1 12·7 21·8 88•& 80·6

10

25-1 88'6 24·4 26·0 20·5 24·8 22·6 20•& 8CI-7 86·0 81·8 81·6 80·7 80·1

11 12 13

18·7 19·11 28.2 29·0 20·8 19·& 17·8 18·8 17·7 20•1 18·1 21·0 16·1 16·8 16•& 27·5 211·8 29·1 80·ll 29·0 24·8 21·8 28·1 27·8 27·2 80'4 28·4 29·8

Not avaUable

18•6 80•1 19·0 18·7 16·8 16·5 1ll-7

. 14·0 211·ll 28·7 28·8 28·6

. 28·8 28-1

18·11 80•5 17-1 16·7 18·5 17·7 18·7 24·ll 211·11 28·4 21·6 27·6 211·0 26·0.

18

19·ll 26'4 20·6 18·& 17·1 17·8 12·9 28•0 23·8 19·8 12·0 26-1 23·8 28·8

18.

17·6 22'0 111·8 18·ll 16·8 16·2 12·7

·17·8 22·8 17·8 16•6 22·11 20o4 22·,

111

19·· 21•11 18·8 111·0 17·ll 18·1 U·2 84·1 28·1 17·0 18·0 21-111 22·8 U·8-

20

10·6 28•8 18·1 18·2 14·8 18·6 12·8 16·5 22·0 17•, ltl·tl 22·6 )9·0 21·1

22

16·8 22'0 17·8 18·8 18·6 12·6

. 10·6

. 18·8 20·0 16·8 16·0 28·7 20•8 28·0

!8

16·4 22•0 18·0 16·8 14·0 16·0 11·6 87·8 20·0 14·11 18·6 28·8 28·1 28·6

• Toru. • 11·6 21·2 17-6 18·11 16·0 17·1 11·0 ·80·1 28-6 20·1 21·2 11·8 17-6 11·2 17•1 111·2 11-1 18·8 18-1 17-7

TABLE 8

DEATII RATES (NUMBER OF DEATIIS PER 1,000 OF THE SAME SEX) 19-11-1950 "".}

8-Calculated on the estimated population on the 30th June of each year computed on the assumption that the population chan~ed at a uniform rate from one census to the next

U&l-60 1841 1042 U4S 19H 1945 1948 1947 1948 19411 I u:.O

Dlal.rlt\ Mal. J'o!IIAM IU!t Female Mu• J'emal~ llue Female llalo Female lllalt Female llli<lo Female Malt Female Male Fomue Malo J'emuo MaJ. )'email

J I ' 6 • 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 u 16 u l7 Ill u liO 11 llll 21

.l'ltntJI

llurolwaa 10·0 10·0 10·1 10·· 17·7 18·2 24·· 24·9 24-11 28·2 18·6 19·7 18·· 18·8 18·2 18·9 17·2 19·0 1ft·l 17·6 16·4 16·0 litrbhum 27·· 27·1 22·9 21-1 21·7 21·2 Sd'2 36·9 8>!-4 39·8 28·2 29·1 30·1 30·7 26·1 26·7 22·1 22·2 2~·· 24·0 1!:! 8 2!·3 8aftku.ra 21HI 2<H 21·8 20"4 19·0 19·3 31•4 29·6 24·2 24·3 20•6 19·3 18·6 16·8 20·2 19·9 1d·8 1>1·8 17·6 17·8 ·~·7 16 6

::!)::J~' 20·1 2•Jol 17·1 16'9 16·6 16·8 40·6 36·3 25·1 24•8 17·8 1d•4 16·6 ltl-6 17"4 1d·1 17"1! 1~·11 17·7 1>1·9 )6·1 1d·l 18·0 17·1 16·6 16·7 14·8 16·8 19·6 19·4 20·1 21•7 17·4 19·7 16·8 16·0 16·8 16·6 14·7 ltl·6 U·7 16·2 1~·Y IM·4

lfowrab 16·8 111·11 U·1 14·8 10·7 12-1 23·3 22·6 24·9 29·ll 18·2 21·1 10·6 17·7 16·2 17·9 16·1 U·ll 18·7 18·4 U·O 11·1 lt·l'•ri&D&I• 16·0 16·11 16·0 16·8 12·11 U·9 25·0 23·6 22·4 23·6 16·1 16·6 12·7 13·6 11·7 1:.!-7 H·6 U·9 1 ~·1 13·4 111·4 ll·ll (. aJeuu.a 16·8 30·9 13·8 25-1 10·0 15·6 19·2 37·8 20·9 37·0 17·0 29·1 14·6 26·6 16·0 30·4 111·6 ¥6·8 16·2 81·8 1Y·O ~U·II

Jl'&iil• 27·1 ~7·6 26·4 26·8 24·7 24·6 42·6 H·1 85·3 86·8 28·9 28·6 28·2 ~9·3 22·8 23·8 21·6 22·6 21-1 U·1 IU2 tu·6 M urohhlabad 23·8 23·7 20·4 17·8 20·7 19·1 39·1 3>1·0 36·1 34·6 30·6 29·4 28·9 28·7 21·7 l!O·O 17·9 17·1 17·B 17·4 U·1 U·K ~altta 17·3 16·2 12·8 11·2 7·7 8·8 13·4 12·6 30·7 27·9 24·2 21·2 23·4 21·2 14·1 11·9 16·0 12·8 1~·1 13·7 16·4 U·K W "' Hlnajpur U·O 23·11 111·8 111·2 17·6 18·0 ~1-1 21·8 31·2 1!2·1 l!d·O 28·1 2d·4 1!7·8 26·4 26·4 22·11 21·4 l!2·U 22·11 2~·6 2~-a

Jalpal~url • 2~·8 2U·7 22·6 26·0 24·6 !7·6 aa·4 36·6 34·4 37·9 30·9 34·2 30·8 32·7 24·1 26·1 22·11 26·3 22·1 ~[1·7 22·7 26·1 ltaljr,..llnl 26·8 26·7 27·11 29·2 27·4 27·1 2Y·4 30·4 30·4 31·4 28·9 30·2 23·6 26·8 22·8 2a·4 2N 24·2 21·0 22·7 22·7 2J·II CQO<:b .llohat Not •~aUable

TOUL 111·4 21·2 17·6 18·8 16·7 18·2 28·6 29·6 26·2 28·8 20·4 22·3 18·9 20·4 17·6 19·1 17·2 111·2 18·4 18·6 IG·O 17·4 w 0

Nou.-The high rates for females in Calcutta in this table and elsewhere are due to the male population of Calcutta being ~~:rcatly overweighted by yo una adults.

TABLE 9 ANNUAL DEATH RATES BY SEX AND AGE GROUPS 1941-1950

DEATHS REPORTED PER 1 ,000 OF THE SAME SEX AND AGE LIVING AT TilE CENSUS OF 1941 (Note-Rates for the a~e group "under 1 year" are calculated on the number of births recorded that )'ear)

Altla•l blrtb .AY•ra~e of

d~N.·a+.ie 19H 19,2 19,3 uu 1946 1946 1047 1U'II 1 ~•u l"l..tJ 11•1 (I U41-C>O)

llalo Frmale .Wale Female ll.Uo F•malo llale Female Male Female Male Fe malo ll .. l. Female llalo l'truale )blo l'tlll•lc llalo J'twalo )hlo rt'IJJ.&le

I • 4 6 0 7 8 II 10 11 12 13 u 15 16 17 111 IU 2<1 21 22 2J

.Alla~ra IU·6 21·2 17·6 1~·9 15·11 17·1 2~·11 30·1 26·1 2~·6 2U·S 22·2 18·8 2()·4 17·6 H2 17·3 ]IJ·l H6 1"·11 I~ I 17 7 0-1 1 ;~-·

"'" u };!:1":.! 1~1·6 l3U·~ 117·U 27~·8 2:l~·7 2•,·6 2oo·O lo4·3 170·6 HV·II 10~·2 1::.0·~ 1J~ 0 142·& 1.10·4 1H ~ 1<1..·4 H' 2 I J w·7

1-6 U·6 toe 16·0 17·11 1.'>·0 16·0 ~7·2 21i·1 25·0 27·1 IV·~ 21·2 17·9 1~ ~ 1•·9 11 7 l; ~ ;.:u ~ 17·& 1' n l' ~ j, •

~Ill U·O 10·! ~-· 9·6 7·6 S·5 J:l·7 15·0 H·O 14·4 9·8 11·3 9·1 1U·3 7·8 Ill\ 7·6 e" e ~ . ., . " 7·4 1t>-U 6·11 8·7 0. •·2 6·7 6·5 1U·4 9·7 11-e 9·· 7·5 I!·~ II·U 11·7 6·~ ~-" 6·~ 6·1\ 6 J 6 ~ 6 I 6 4

I r.-"'' ~-· ll·O 7·11 10·:! 0·11 g.2 1:!·4 1d·l l1·4 1:;·6 ~·II H·2 1\·~ l1·1 7·6 IU·l 7·3 )IJ·~ ~~~ .. ,., nw .. , .. , !••-:.it) }I)-~ U·~ II·~ 1~-e 1\·3 l1·5 LJ·1 ~IJ·2 I J·ll IU5 1u·~ Iu·~ 11·11 J;j·; 11·2 1.!·1; 1\ ~ It"' "1·3 u~ . ~ )q II !.\I_,._-4LI I,.~ 1:>·1 1:!-~ D·U li·U 1:!·· :to·O ~l·Y . .., .. ~1·1 14·1 Jri. 13·2 lf>"l 10·11 l•J·d 11·6 IHJ l•J·I'I I I :1 )IJ{J I~ I .. .._~\) :i~)- 7 U·ll b·d 17·11 l~·U I 5·11 3<>·7 27·7 ~-"\-~ 2n·" ~1·0 ~I)· if 20·3 IY·2 ·~·0 )1·7 !1·11 17·11 I 7<1 I 7·U I 7·3 17·3 bU-t\<) J:.·:i U·G Jl·S ~~~ g ~ ... -;! ~d·\) bl·1 .. 7·1 4d g t:,-.) ;j<\ ~ :~::;-6 ~·1·8 3:!·6 ::S:!·l 3~·H 31·6 at ~ :.SIH~ ~J·II ~I I :11 7 o.J aud abo•• b4·0 Yt·4 1J·t el·d 6<1·1 H·O l1~·9 l~<H! 110·2 I;:~-~ M·o 111·1 711·1 b8·8 Ill·! 1•1·3 ...

='

.Uv••• for 1841·60

lOU .... 1"' IOU

11148

Ud 10&7 .... .... 111110

1

• •

1 All•1•• o

I 0-11

0-1 • 11oder 1 DIODt.b

1 t.o I DIODthl ,

I t.o 11 mootha

· l tolr•••

• 1-10

••o-u • • 11-10 •

eao-80 •

'10-40 •

I&G-110 o

• •

1 ao-eo • . ,. 10 eo 4abo,.. •

TABLE 10 FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE DEATHS IN EACII DISTRICT 1941·19SO

Weot Burdwao Dlrbhum Daokura Mldoapur ·JI•nllal

.011·11

,000·11

008·1

'1711·1

011·1

021-7

010·11

026·11

0&1-IJ

111111·11

,112&-1

114·&

DON

1120·4

1110•1

o•a-o oao·• 1111-l

027·1

tll•l

11711•6

11211•0

11112·0

1128·11

1178··

1104·1

1,0811·1

1,028·1

1,012·11

1171··

DIIH

1,016·7

1171·0

040·0

1188·11

1101-11

1128·11

1182·0

1118·8

880·1

1188·1'

11114-1

1186·11

11011·1

0'8-7

0"·0

1186·1

111,·11

1141·8

11711·11

1167·11

11811·11

1,100·8

1,017·0

IIIIH

Booghlr Bowrab

121·1

1180•11

1111·8

168·8

1138·8

083-1

11011·8

1116-1

081·0

11611·0

8116-1

004-7

8110·1

8112-1

,..1 1128·1

IIID·8

898·8

1181'7

.. o-. o•..a

1,008·8

U· Calcutta Par.aDal

177-1

11211-1

888·11

7711·1

888·1

1108·11

88H

1108·8

1118·1

1120·11

888·8

8211·1

11811-1

111111·1

8811·8

786·1

7117-8

78&·1

8811·8

8811·8

868·0

1108··

TABLE 11

lfadla

861·11

liON

1128·11

871·0

1141-1

112&-7

1187-7

11111·1

1711··

1,017•0

11&6·0

Mnnhl• daiNid

f411·8

18&·0

IIU·8

DOH

1176-11

11110·1

1180·11

1118·11

""' 11111·1

1108·8

Maida

878·&

1111·8

877•11

111-1

1101-l

088·8

1103-8

8311·8

111•7

00&·11

817-11

Weot .Jalral· Dl~~aJpar IUfl

81111·8

8118·1

021·8

110&•1

1128·8

1100·1

8711-1

81111·8

8 •••

878·8

8118·2

837-1

1161-1

11&11-1

1128·8

1180·8

118&·1

1112·11

1111·11

1188·11

118&·11

1187·1

826·1

1122·0

878·0

1117·11

1117·1

1128·&

1168·11

1181·8

1180·8

1181-1

1100·0

NUMBER OF DEATIIS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACII SEX BY AGE GROUPS J941-19SO A-Males

• •

' I ..

lUI

I

1101,178

118:&80

87,1100

10,711&

11,007

11,1811

10,1180

18,810

8,&110

,,840

111,071

11,11011

11,1011

lt,Sl&

10,880

11141

a

182,818

1111,0011

8&,8&8

18,8011

10,881

.,0118

18,1111

11,1101

7,1117

7,118

17,1188

111,,110

111,870

.it,6a. 17,11811

111&8

' 8811,1811

110,6011

811,688

8&,871

10,8118

8,&88

88,1181

11,887

18,11111

111,91111

81,&01

811,610

II

800,&211

87,88'

68,000

80,1111,

17,081

7,11711

Bo.fa&

10,700

11,118

11,717

18,&81

81,111

811,111 81,7611

','.' 111.721 . 1 , iO,IIIl

110,11110 ••.11•

111411

e

188,1178

17,818

U,D4D

1&,008

18,1128

li,DOO

18,814

11,078

8,7111

8,098.

11,1111

_1,,981

1. U,I&'J.

'. '0,178 J

.1.-/•~•o•.

111,881

12,1178

40,711,

11,817

' 11,11011

6,618

111,1011

U,800

8,10t

8,&80

10,&90

18,180

'. 111,888

'. -11,101 :

l -; 88,108

•• 101,001

611,1128

88,8811

18,7117

11,184

I,& II' lt,l&l

u,eu 7,888

7,.711

111,0111

11,186

111,221

IO,lllf

8&,181

• 1118,401

67,178

88,11711

18,1"

10,&90

•• 1141

119,108

11,188

7,181

7,61111

18,807

10,&011

11,148

' 1o_140

88,1111

10

180,111

68,781

88,1170

18,&88

10,781

.,781

11,818

11,&&1

7,1&0

1,8&1

17,181

111,1&11

18,791

· u.aaa 98,118

111&0

1811,4&1

0&,080

80,&11

U,ll6'

10,188

6,820

18,118

11,1188

0,874

7,180

17,181

17.710

111,710

11,881":

81,081

11

12&,078

8&,888

40,7&8

11,1167

18,001

1,788

14,111

1&,8117

t,ll7

8,1140

11,1011

18,1111

18,781

11,&&8

811,8811

Cooeb B. bar

Not ..... u. able

Male death a per 1,000

female doatho,

averaA'tt 11141·60

11

l,O~II

1,161

1,18!1

1,181

1,111

1,041

181

1,081

1,1811

101

f11

1,186

1,478

1,8111

1,06 •

w .....

TABLE 12 NUMBER OF DEATHS ANNUALLY REPORTED FOR EACH SEX BY AGE GROUPS 19-U-1950

B-Females

rom• I• ~ •• u.. g:r l,OUO male

••• U41 1042 1043 uu 1146 to•& lOU to•~ n•o 10~0 UU·6ll ath•. ••~~r-re 1V61•b0

l I a • 6 8 7 8 ll 10 11 n u

I AU .... • 183,047 166,678 202,083 276,046 216,288 108,356 188,103 186,877 182,U3 171,397 206,811 tU

I 0--6 62,863 ,7,817 8,,363 70,082 62,176 67,283 60,978 62,780 61,701 ,8,020 68,896 go~

11-1 81,740 28,710 60,647 ,8,022 87,331 84,80' 28,660 28,U6 20,463 26,608 ••• 2QI) ua

Coder 1 montb 18,184 U,&SO 26,826 24,,86 10,035 17,641 13,128 U,007 U,7U 11,736 17,136 7d0

1 &o I moo~ 10,703 0,881 17,078 16,193 12,688 11,604 10,077 o,uo 0,836 8,8U 11,803 892

:,.,' l-:1

110 liiDOnthe • fo,86S ,,300 7,7U 7,343 6,708 6,269 6,384 4,968 4,863 6,122 6,681 061

1 &o I r•an 21,123 19,107 33,706 31,960 U,SH 22,880 22,409 24,865 22,328 23,222 U,606 1,0~U

I &-10 • 13,400 12,120 21,380 20,278 16,760 U,6U 12,480 12,630 11,3113 10,806 U,U7 07U

6 10-16 • 8,663 6,1128 10,667 0,1116 7,707 7,103 8,1113 8,203 6,11~0 6,7118 7,1~· Hi

11~-20 • 11,600 8~93 16,160 14,373 11,173 10,2119 11,376 11,1178 10,018 0,3~8 10,770 1,266

111~10 • • 24,546 22.203 89,168 87,138 28,870 26,610 24,811 2t,089 u,2:;e 21,001 27,3:00 1,2'J<l

t »0-40 • • • • 1~.6\ld 16.~22 211,678 28,138 21,873 20,145 18,754 18,846 17,884 18,3116 20,713 e•1

&6~0 • • • • 14,260 12.~~8 22,7~3 2U7f 16,771 16,6:;g 16,183 U,6~6 13,8:03 1UG7 18,147 17~

• 60-(10 • 14,332 12.~~ta 22,870 21,6~5 18,8(1.7 1S,C.2:. 16,743 16,4116 1!.~7!. 1:..,363 18,611 74()

1~ 60 A et>oto • • 2!\,~~;. 20.227 66,266 .3.8~~ ~un2 ~LtB !.?f.:i.f\

33

TABLE 13 FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE DEATHS ANNUALLY BY RELIGIONS 1941-1950

AnnualaTerage Hindu Muslim Christi&a. Aboriginala Jaina

1941-60 922•5 896•9 851'6

1941 92(-3 934•6 892·9

1942 917"8 897'1 823•4

1943 876-1 799•8 813-1

1944 .. . 925•6 896•2 850·3 .

1945 928•4 924'0 871'9 Not available

1946 912•0 931·2 928•8

1947 929•8 906·8 898•1

1948 942•7 910•2 856•9'

1949 959•3 970•4- 835·3·

1950 936•3 869•2 911•9

TABLE 14 MONTHLY AVERA<:;E NUMBER OF FEMALE DEATHS PER 1,000 MALE DEATHS,:

ALL RELIGIONS, HINDU AND MUSLIM 1941-1950 .

Average of each month (1941-50) AU religiona Hindu MU8lim

January 918'0 933'0 1110·4.

February 892•4 908·3 900-7

March • 877•6 906'() 856·0

April ·• 888•7 898·1 848·3

:May . 886-8 906'6 857'1

June . • 875·4 894'6 841·5

July . 887•4 896·2 87&%

Aupst 896·1 904·9 869-3

September . 901'1 . 904•7 889-2

Oot.ober 134·2 841·3 9%4·8

NOftlllber 97()-1 117()-4 979-1

Deo.aber . 957-8 1161·1 1120'1

w-t f',.ocaJ l\ur•t•allll • f\trbhq~a • Jt•nkura • l4a.ln•f•Qf. JtrJII'J4f :,JF • Hn•rah . : t-i•arraDU ···lrtU.La • ~ ... u. . M•Jr>hi.S.bad !olal~a . ",., l>loajpur Jolr>&l•~~rl )Juj,..,.llnl C<.ov< h ll<'loal

W••l 8<-n•a.J Htlrfiwaa • IHrhhura • Jhnkura • "l•lnapnr. tlnovhly • Jtn•r•h • !t·Panranaa f'alrutc..a • ~.,u. . Mor•hldabad )hh1a • " .. , lllnajpur J alp•l••lll l>art...-Hna Co<><h JWhar

3t

TABLE 15.1 Al't.l'tUAL DEATHS FRO~I "CHOLERA" BY s~x 19-U-~a

A .. ,...,. Cor 1 ~u -.>0 uu 1~4:! 1~43 uu Ka.l@ Fem&le Ka.le Fem&le Kale Fem&le X.t.le Fem&le lil.a.le Female

11,0"4 8,~5S 8,178 7,HS 5,8TO 5,557 24,10.4\2 ~\l,:'tA~ 10.~1)7 11.~:1 if'l1 t'll) , ... 4:?t ~4& ~.~1 ~-"'•7 :!,7 ... 1 ;~~ ~47 4CJ '"~ 6~7 6o1 2"~ :!:,~ I.~~3 ~.O,\j 41><1 5.\;! 4..:U 4t\~ 32Z 312 .... 2 44I 2,:.!.l.) 2 •• ~6 :il~ :,H4

1,UTI 1,1~~ 6.\1) 5M 7~4 ~."l:! 6.~.)1 5,4~· I,llll 1,1.\~ sa 3"I %611 2Tl 343 3~; IIU l.OU 4111 3~4· 1, .... 4 1,0\11 1,0:?1 8Tl ii7 6~;! !.~64 2,37~ 1,4 ... ~ 1.>1; 2,::!""'" 1,1·~ 2.~:.!.j 2,750 953 ~60 6,617 6,11& 3.f1l•3 ,,.ti•} 1,070 7:1" 1,1111 7~& 330 I5l I,l43 t\35 l,l\~)0 5~7 ·j~ 4\1.), {IO toll 243 :!~· 1.~·l I,6\15 ~11 :!·~ 5114 . &17 6TO 6fil 663 6~\1 2.•~15 2.~~~:t 313 ~tiU I~~ 215 92 71 62 41! 415 473 l4i ~lid 156 142 35 24 2~ 45 532 41\0 It~~ I' I I3G 1211 102 117 72 M ~6& t<30 u 6:. ~1 13 27 22 78 45 ~4 17

U46 1947 19'8 H49 r---A----,

Male J'emale ldale Female Male Female Male Frmale

4,8P& •• ~78 &,270 6,220 6,975 6,8!5 G,iP2 7.0~4 236 210 3~1 436 651 710 64<1 610

70 IS 340 342 163 15I i:J -· '. 114 I26 226 307 150 I66 t:l:! 151 1Q~ 2.16 618 562 685 6j2 IJU1 ~Hti 273 2110 323 377 431 4:l<l 244 2ti8 669 61'9 1167 1,076 1,0i>O 1,0:.!:! 6:iZ. it\3 8•2 917 928 1177 1,592 1,640 2,661 2.~63 4U" 243 975 660 I,464 1,014 itH 7:.!1 et5 677 240 271) 3113 46ft 362 <61:! 600 648 166 I 50 261 846 215 2£15 636 642 25 27 170 15~ 150: I 50 177 I76 H5 110 :?9

~· 70 63 22 11 24 27 36 35 84 46 16 II 13 3 10 6 4

TABLE 15.2 ANNUAL DEATHS FROM 41 FEVER" BY SEX 1941-50

u.~ ... )I ale hmale

•.~:n S,7'1l lri7 tl':.!

SIJ 41J ~~~ 'e•l:.!

~::• ~,,,

t•J :-~ 1,c·~• 1.111;! , ... ~ jiJ 1.~:::. ~-7

l::d l.~S

~· ~ .. u:. ~~

~~

~· ~· ... ,

1G lei

111:.o ----------... Kale f<wale

8,751 8,4 11~ ts7:J v-:~ 1~3 1~4 ~04 ~ld 6H :.!.'li 243 7il ~j· 1,1<~6

1,1<"4 ~.~·-l,l•;-~ iU\1 7:.!4 :,!tlj

2:1~ 2t~4 277 4tl;j 4014 117 1011

~· 14

Fever includes Malaria, Kala-azar, Blackwater fever, Measles, Relapsing fever, Cerebrospinal fever, Influenza, Enteric group of fevers, Typhus, and • Other fevers ', for some of which figures are iiven separately elsewhere Lut are included in the totals of this table.

Av•fl•lle Cor 111U•f>O 1041 I9~2 1943 19H 11146

,.........-.-"--. Male Female Male Fema.le l\lale Female Male Female Male Female Male }'emale

\\'rd R··nQal 120,149 111,3R1 119,810 95,607 03.187 89,6:o5 172,652 155,338 175,2U1 168,430 124.~211 12r.r.r,• 1\nr·l••n 11.~~2 11,341 I0,7tl0 10,5011 I0,096 10,087 );j,;\j;j U.6~5 I 7,100 16,1;:')\J 11.07~ 11.417 1\lrt•huro 11,0\19 11,4112 7,~19 7,673 8,040 8,183 15,1113 14,1133 16,~ti3 17,1181 11.~:,2 l:!,f'IH6 l\ankura 11,278 8,3•6 7,9i6 8,058 7,234 7,701 12,.50 11,M08 10,3:!2 1H,7ll 7,tl77 7,b:i:l lt~tt.napur. 1~.277 18,452 15,7:!2 11>,660 13,4411 13,608 32,8\II 2~,740 25,7~~ ~5.:!66 1&,7ill 17 .~--:J lf•.,n.rhly 4.7112 4.7114 4,483 4,679 4,47ij 4,448 6,196 6,762 6,692 6,6:)0 4,1110 6,:117 H11•r•h 3.3119 3,057 2,000 I.ll40 1,899 1,607 5,204 3,R22 6,496 6,177 3,476 a.•&• ~t·l'arvan .. 1:!,:!~8 11,116& 11,\1[•1 11,623 11,352 I0,5119 22,409 17,0A3 22,Ioa ID.~\10 l:l,47 4 ·~,f,,•q

t alr•l\t.a 3,0:<5 2,:!1'\t.l 1.872 1,2110 I,ll47 I,2111 3,514 2,660 4,461 ~.VU2 3.f,.!; :!,:!'•1 ~ •• ua 8.64>l! 8,4:•6 8,4:!1 8,012 8,0:!8 7,7115 I3,808 13,862 12,7&7 t :!.:~Ha t.1,7Hl "·:!i2 \l•lr'h'dab~ 15,11•1 14,4~5 11,3112 10,001 12,136 11,230 25,6•I 24,7~1 24,271! 24,116 ).Ill, I ;,:l 17,fl\,f() \I&J.la 6.~:17 6,147 4,.:!5 3,l'\20 2,703 1,7ti3 4,761 4,!!64 11,549 IO,:Jtll M,64:1 7,477 \\ _, lllna)pur • ••• ~1 4,<W6 •.••a 3.11•1 3,227 3,478 4,419 3, no 6,11U~ 6,tit\. 6,1:!:1 4,fl~l 1 Jalp•lclHl 6.4~1 4.P~3 6.7~1 ~ •• ~7 6,5~3 6,41~ 7,5~2 6,~Y6 8,16~ 7,719 6.~~7 6,a4.~3

l,arl,...·llnllf 2,tH9 2,60d 8,216 2,dti9 3,015 2,6111 3,171 2,872 8,67~ 3,1~\J a,4aO a,u1a l'•..,.·h IJrb&l

11146 1947 11148 111411 I~;;o

~ Kale Female lllale Female Malo Female ldale Female Kale )'emale

W#OOI 1\•nial 11 ,,o~s 10~.~TS 103,1~7 101,3711 96,774 1111,139 II~,M1 114,0011 84.~~~ 81,7:.!~ ,~ .• ,..1••• 1U.04t Y,l'l71 ll,tll~ 10.11~9 9,U•'3 I11,644 9,377 IU.Wl~ "·447 M,4.lf) li~rt•hrHa U.4•S u.nn 10,!'."'1 10.~07 11.~17 ~.O.l" 9.~13 tn,ou:\ ~,t\AIJ •. tH.-~ l\•nlura 7 .H ttt tl.TVl ~.:!!lO .... ~~ 1,i.JI) 1<,14:1 7.~~-1 7 ,7a5 ~."""""' ~.~II ~l·ln•l·'lf U,413 I ;,11114 1tl.5T4 1;",!).{2 I6,6T4 I 7, 766 15,71:! 17,31" 14, I"'~ 14.T4~ U~hly 4,3:3 4.~4; ··f,4·~ 4,5T9 4,14& 4,4iO 3,~1\J 4,171 3,47tl a.:. 11 ltlJwratll 3 .• ~11 3,1~~ S,l:>l 3,1>7 3,:!~~ 3,tY7 3,11); 8,1>1& ~.Oi:l I,••J %, ............ Jt .. '\rlt\ 11.~·"1 1U,i03 9, •. <7 IO,\Jf\~ 10,40'4 ~.:,"'s V,:!r\.'i ~.4t>.:o4 7 ,if\:.! t.'•l<"'Utla J HI ~-~-~~ 3.0~1 ~.I!Tl 3,3~· 2.~.!3 2,TY3 2.~:.:0 2, i~:; 2,:-lto'l 1\ .. h. "·~"'" !'l,J,., 7,1U 7 ,o .. " 8.1"'.-t tl.1•4 ti,JV1 fl.~u b,~l"d r..l"" "'lr-.hl·la~ lft.ult 1.">,,.;& 13,1111 1:!,1113 IO,f'.IQ to.:!:,, 10,4211 10,!.iY 9.113 .,,414 .... ,. 7.•H e ..... ._ 4,'wl' .. :1 4,1fiS '·"·):! t,IIS~ ,_,...joil 4,4'-1'11 4,"' t:t t,IOl " ... , l>~uirv : 6,1.\'! 4 \~g 4.[l'4"il 4,1W\;J 4.1~:! 3Y'1 3,7.i~ 1.~1~ J,..,r,41 J,:.,.. .... J •lp•t~tur1 ···•t 6.?U 4,0;.j9 3. j11 3 .... " ~.IU 3.J~S 3,0"1;) 1,114~ •.~;4 ,,.,.,,....t:n• ~.~;· !.l..,~.J z.•~s ~.~1~ :t.•~t 2.!Tt 2,UU I,eCI4 2,16(> ··"""1 l~~xb ... .,

w ... t Beo11al Burdwao • Blrbbum • Bankura • Mldnapur. Boogbly • Bowrab • 24·Pargaou Calcutta • .Nadia • Murshldabad Malda . • Weat Dloajpur • Jalpalgurl Darjeellng Coocb lle bar

WeotBengal Burdwao • Blrbbum • Bankura • Mldnapur. Hooghly • Howrab • 24-Pargaou Calcutta • .Nadia • Murshldabad Maida • • West Dlnajpur • Jalpalgurl llarjeellng Cooeb llebar

35

TABLE 15.3

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM "SMALL-POX" BY SEX 1941;,50

.&. ver!U!e for 1941 1942 1943 liiU 1114l·60 .. • ...,

:Hale Female llale Female Male l!'emale :Hale l!'emale llllale Female

4,252 4,267 4,8710 4,411 513 li10 1,187 1,074 ll,li3' 11,66' 273 803 854 350 122 12, 18 11i 132 1311 104 103 66 72 82 71 27 3' 122 128 151 1311 43 48 li 7 8 .. 611 60 162 166 115 611 4 2 61 40 880 8411 267 286 248 245 13 13 22 26 458 6011 714 735 &H 604 113 103 124 124 1,602 1,6110 667 li58 862 871 116 1111 1U 152 1,867 1,3117

1,661 1,636 1,486 2,0&9 61 40 710 602 8,761 8,675 66 2 8 40 39 275 270 108 114 80

13 13 108 117 192 1114 57 71 5 16 67 67 u 48 7 7. 8 1 54 50 69 72 ~ 8 I 8 18 12 135 262 15 8 I 11i 18 66 84 18 7 2 8 6 1 IIi 10

11146 11147 11148 111411

Male J!'emale Male Female Kale Female Kale Female

2,450 2,621 1,536 1,590 3,1161 8,1148 63' 810 666 7611 1211 130 us 183 40 87 218 186 28 23 46 42 4 105 83 11 11 63 77 6 3

20 17 32 81 132 106 46 40 117 116 41 28 126 140 81 23 220 231 110 83 624 4113 86 70 168 178 36 40 324 284 103 93

&II 65 931 1,041 2,438 2,457 287 2111 218 222 33 31 43 67 17 83 U1 4211 24 31 28 211 10 11

62 65 17 7 74 68 2 8 176 177 122 123 15 17

4 2 s 2 4 '6 8 1 Ill II 2 8

TABLE 15.4

1846 • . • llale Female

11,1108 862

12,088 • 1171

31111 420 1,104 1,003

li68 6112 1,131 1,2.67 1,078 2,134 2,138 2,0[>1 1,116 1,064

138 162 1,035 1,061

218 234 67 71i 43 lS at 111

11160

llaJe l!'emale

6,1118 8,277 286 3lli 63 61

105 96 811 817 476 602 8611 1122 410 8111

1,768 . 8,060 248 260 202 184 101 Ill

60 60 8 8

88 24

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM 11DYSENTERY, DIARRH<EA AND ENTERIC GROtJP OF FEVERS" BY SEX 1941-50

.&.verage for 11141 1942 11143 1944 1941·60 11146 ~

llale Pemale »ale Female If ale Pemale llaJe Female llaJe Female llaJe Female West Bengal : 'a756 18,1156 13,279 12,042 12,306 10,929 20,340 20,727 18,933 17,107 12,668 11,7116 Burdwan • 976 888 1,208 1,098 970 1100 1,262 1,123 1,067 962 830 721 lllrbbom • 293 255 467 uo 607 U7 665 4116 376 820 172 131 Bankura • 714 683 1,068 983 789 786 1,163 948 906 1124 6U 631 Mldn•pu. 2,113 2,8711 11,056 1,821 1,768 1,649 1,682 5,341 3,253 '2,8811 1,680 1,626 H0011hly 1,438 1,453 1,234 1,307 1,316 1,331 2,093 1,773 1,752 1,816 1,300 1,366 Howrab 2,111 2,076 1,685 1,685 1,683 1,643 3,378 2,676 8,2.70 3,2.78 2,088 !,121 ~4·P&!11rO.IlU 2,209 1,937 2,060 1,859 1,932 1,6119 4,573 • 3,581 3,145 2,704 1,725 1,671 Caleot\a 1,898 1!,587 2,196 1,'181 1,956 1,3111 3,930 3,307 3,312 2,696 2,401 2,00S .Nadia 303 260 166 . 128 2311 146 260 215 321 217 254 230 . Mur.ohldab;.d 373 340 219 186 334 320 345 2811 261 246 411 874 Maida 128 96 66 48 53 41 76 64 126 110 183 lli Weat Dlnajpnr : 174 137 91 73 116 93 us 107 136 86 128 101 Jalpal!lllrl 6112 610 3411 286 213 167 420 383 616 478 668 lise D&rj...-ling us 368 460 3118 432 317 661 424 495 401 497 .. ., CoO<·h .U.:har

11148 11147 11148"" 111411 11150

Female Kale Female • , Kale Female Kale llaJe Pemala llaJe l'eaala Weot Bengal 1S,SliS 12,318 13,6111 13,181 14,391 U,040 14,071 13,427 14,624 14,011 Burdwaa. 718 611 8~ 746 1112 896 93S 866 1,0411 1165 Blrbh•m • 128 Hi l!~ 166 164 160 U7 111 187 ua Banl<lll& • 4511 421 628 606 677 605 li45 613 666 ill ~!:S;': 1,687 1,453 2,269 2,215 2,460 2,398 2,4117 2,622 2,074 1,871 1,2H 1,81! 1,510 1,601 1,404 1,575 1,406 1,381 1,142 1,168 Bowrab 1,9~11 2,0HI 2,134 2,234 1,899 1,984 1,568 1,57& 1,U8 1,637 U·Pargaaaa 1.673 1,6110 1,627 1,411 1,768 1,647 1,840 1,676 1,86e 1,711 Cal .... u.a 2,747 2,471 2,806 2,6711 3,174 2,1164 2,9711 2,11U 8,481 &,831 Nadia 334 l!70 24! 248 378 8511 407 su 431 us Murahlda~ 687 637 317 278 3911 37S 3211 167 IH6 430 Ill. &Ida S4:! 28!1 87. 6! 117 77 128 88 123 fl7 W- Dlnajpu.r : 1S4 107 2St . 22i! 147 8S 237 1811 852 804 Jal~urt 1,008 liS? fjg!! 618 117 579 715 1711 1120 818 D&rl<d.JDI Stl7 843 Stl! 2711 40S 361 340 26 lill 837 o.-b .l!eb&r

w .. t l"'n•u fifJr-1••• • h1rt·h1&• • han&u.ra .. \l,.lnarar .. u,..."':"' . Ho•raa ~4-.l'arl&QU ( a)r•Uta • ~ .. ~~.. . )I <Jr<llldaba4 )I al·la . \\ ~~ l•ln•jpor J al pa"''" 1J&(J11"4',1Df (; ...... b hdA&f

w,..t tw-na-al finr,jwan • P.trt.t,nro • t~ 111 n lnara • ~:dn•T>•lf. H·..,->1lhly • tf .. wrah

:.! 4· P~~or~t&.nal t al••1tla •

'•·tl• . )tn,...hidal,ad \4"al,la • Wf'.,t (Jirnt.jpur Jall'•hmri l••fJ•·t'llrtll l"•OO< h tw-t.ar

A!';NUAL

Weot Jl•nt;al thu•t•aa. IHrl•hum thnkura \lt.tnapur • II•Jo\l"lllJ lt•1•rah tt-t•arllaou t'alruu.a Sa.J1a :\l•a,...blda~d \4 al~J• "f"s& UlnaJpar J alp4hnnl Hart""tHll (',10\.K·h hdl&l'

W'Ht 1\#n£&1 lh&r•f•an f\,rhhura lla,,t..ura \4ttlnat•ur • fi·•'\otdY H ·•rah 14· J•ar~:a•.al , .. 11\l.A , .. j.

\t l"'ttklabad ....... '*"'"' IHnah•ur Ja!t.,.ll(urt , .. ,,.. .. !'Ill

\.· • .._ ... n lkhar

Male

7

!dale

3

'is

1940

DEATHS

I

Fffllale

FROM

Average for 1941·60

Kale Female

U,llS 12,523 1.4~3 llU 3~7 Ud v:;s 654

2,636 l,Hl 1.74~ l.Ot3 1.~o!J 1,163 2,156 1,4:lQ :S,it~ 2,578

37, 213 343 271 l\141 113 .. ~~~ 6>lH

!.~uo 1.6~\1 3<>d :~.:..t'

U~CI

Kale Ff'malr

Ill ~61 12.f\6~ I.H4 ;:~o

3:,7 ~t:l ~;"'!~ 4WM

:. 711:1 1.5nd I. 7 I~ 1'171 1.7'•1 J,ltHl ~ I :!4 J.o:iot 3. •:• ~.>1 g

4 , .. tll 4~11 ~ 14 I"') .....

1.1•7 ~·.;

:. 1~\ 1, .. .:.4\ Hll JJ~

TAllLE 15.5

lh.la female lllue female lllue female hmal• , ....... ll I

19H 1948 1~49 lu:,o ~

!dale Female lhle ft'male )(ale Female )tale •. \"tlll\18

• H 4 u 1:! 1

1

4 2

0 13 2 40 ltJ a

TABLE 15.6

"RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF LUNGS" BY SEX 1941-50

1941 1942 1943 1944 1946 ,... Male Female Kale Female .Male Female .lol.ale Female Male female

21,003 13.3~2 18.361 14,486 21,514 13,626 22,394 u,6:.s 20,5G2 13,337 2,0~5 1,;!18 1,(>13 8<4i 1,443 ~07 l,tr.e 1140 1,a1a 7U7

721 463 6~11 41!9 545 853 .. lH) 260 ~ti4 213 1.1~1 ;oa 1,0110 6H~ 1,0:!7 641 l.IJ~3 e.-~._, l.OH 6 •tl 3,ll~ll 1,673 2,413 1.3.•M 2,7:12 1,669 ~.~u7 1,6117 2.7'~3 1,411\1 1,11611 1,176 1,~76 1,01<4 2,0tl~ •• ~13 2,206 t.a-. 1,04:! 1,1 'tl 1.~72 1,2W 1,423 ~,..2 2.143 1,203 2,4tJI l,{l~r, l,Mtl\1 1,1111) 2,731! 1,5t16 2,.il ,,3:!i 2,~:11) 1,3 ... 2 ... ~3 1,6:1!1 2.317 l,:.!i 1 3,558 2.3~· 2,'';'17 1,iii 4,037 2,794 4,370 2,111:1 8,\IU 2.~ ... \1

3:!9 2tHS 4$3 215 6tl6 316 354 tl\1 473 ;t~U

213 ItO 3111 2:11\ 6:!5 3411 4112 8"1 H\1 1r<l 112 \ltl 161 134 2f>5 1\16 1114 1:·6 ):16 "1 tUi ~"1 7~~ 671 t!J6 6jll ~111 6i2 llU 7 .... 1

2,l:il 1.6~1) 2,111 1,413 2,4116 1,7:H' 2,6:13 2,1111 2Jo<7 l,K76 U6 3\14 6<!0 3115 407 4tJ6 U2 3~1 U3 Joa

1~7 11148 111411 u:;o

:Vale F•male :Vale Ft'male )I ale }'t'DI&It" MaJ• Jo\·n1al"

18.~42 11.851 J7.!:!1S I 1.211 1&.46:1 10.4(18 B.fol\1 10.14~ 1.4J7 844 l.~~.e 646 1,1114 6YH l,~M\1 6 •. 1

274 130 ~7:J l.i.') tlO 14 i ~~~· Jl;, g,.., I<J.; ~61 4 7 I i61 4o7 f5t)-"t :S•:I 2.~ .. ., 1 .. ;: •. 1 2.310 1.3~ .• 2.1~1 1 'l''7 1 .... 4;) 1.11:1 1.~'-'1 V.l7 1 .fc6 ~i."l t.:t:,. '7;-., 1.'1.!.7 j .:•J 1. 7~· 1,1 ,,g 1.e ·,J l,IH J.[J:,o },IJ,;:J 1,1'.:!2 l,liiS 1.b\IY VI~ J.eo.; VfJ7 I ·"411 ... !iJ 1.4111 t;;rs

3 .. "'"" !, .. ,;" a.~~-~ 2,7 •:! 3.:t77 2,4fl 1 3,7 I Y 2. ill1

3~~ 176 3::11 ):! .. ~7d II • ~·~ IU 3111 I'> I 2~3 I I; ~41 )tJ4J ~71 I .4 IH 64 244 l~ft ~·~ Jnd !.!!1 •• II,_, Ul lloU 64:! vu ~;'"' ~·tl 87u

2.116 1,46~ l.f• i:! 1,&c7 J,V'J'i 1,:.''"' J,.r ..... 1 I,:!"'' So7 ~It 3t;.J; aw J6' :S12 aa7 31 ..

W•·•l Bengal Burdwan • Blrhhum • Duukura • MJdnupur • Hooghly • Howrah • 24-Pargana.a Calcutta • Na•lla • Murollldabad Maida . W<~st Dlnajpur Jalpulgurl

8~t~·~~t..

Wcot Bengal llurdwan • lllrbbum • llaukura • .Midua.pur • Hoo~hly • Howrah . U-Parg&ll&ll Calcutt& • N&dia • Murshldabad Mal<Ja • Weot Dlnajpur Jalpal~url Darjeeling Cooch Bobar

We~t Beng&l llurdwan • lllrbhum • Han!..ura • MJdnapur H~hly • HO\H&b •

~~~an~ •. ISadla • 11. llnlhldab&d :IbM& • • W ... t Dlnajpv •

J&lpalgurt Darj...,lin!l Coocb Bobar

West Bengal Burdw&D. lllrbhum • llanl<ura • l!J<inapur. Hoot:hl1 • Howrah ·. l!._P&rJI&DM C.'akutta • :N&<ila • ltur&hldab&d ltalda • • W .. t Dlnajpar • J&l~urt D&rj .. ling Ooodl .lldo&r

1 aNSl1S

31

TABLE 15.7

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" SUICIDE" BY SEX,1941-50 A ,·crage for

194l 1942 1943 11144 1941·50

lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Fem&la Male Female

652 539 489 531 484 528 643 643 660 476 n 41 47 54 39 50 40 31 45 311 23 20 21 31 28 33 24 14 29 111 35 32 38 38 37 a9 43 24 36 811 46 H 49 42 35 37 51 62 46 45 5S 67 63 76. 65 73 76 711 47 68 69 62 47 54 46 46 122 95 95 48

la6 140 122 162 122 171 165 159 105 128 43 29 12 7 19 9 8 4 88 26 24 .26 10 6 15 9 13 4 18 14 42 . 43 31 25 40 33 42 45 48 41 16 14 ll 8 II 7 18 17 16 12 12 10 13 12 ll 6 10 9 8 6 15 9 10 12 16 8 13 8 11 10 18 7 15 4 12 5 18 ll 111 12

1948 1947 1948 11149 ~ ~ lllale Female lllale Female Male Fem&le lllale Female

678 698 507 490 557 559 692 695 40 43. 88 30 35 37 43 61 16 23 26 24 21 20 2tl 20 89 81 84 27 27 26 37 411 35 49 45 38 60 62 611 411 48 67 67 64 72 63 611 72 70 ~5 67 5. 63 55 48 " 111 1as 7tl 110 92 121 107 176 49 22 43 43 63 lil 611 46 88 87 82 24 20 43 38 64 88 66 88 50 58 44 80 42 20 13 15 8 19 17 16 28 10 a u 12 ll. 10 17 10 43 19 7 7 13 7 12 0 111 ' 14 II 19 10 211 16

'TABLE 15.8

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" CHILD BIRTH", 1941-50 Average for

1941·50 1941 1942 11143 1944

8,391 3,755 3,33~ 2,93' 2,876 292 350 821 2511 200 157 193 220 162 112 170 23Y 210 178 117 565 6S5 557 6011 43i 228 290 279 230 216 137 192 122 148 193 879 6ltl 416 332 818 191 61 211 26 208 128 68 43 81 106 100 98 146 116 152 110 111 107 811 126 226 193 189 212 204 637 638 664 480 8811 llil 121 140 118 102

U48 19n 1948 19411

8,781 3,081 8,937 4,113 312 2n 839 866 157 121 179 187 185 169 159 181 693 536 671 620 2111 203 265 238 160 97 129 112 37:1 8u4 415 4311 239 170 340 1140 175 123 218 218 193 140 2211 186 131 liS 110 188 !83 246 !32 2114 8711 473 5'7 661 lOS 110 104. 130

11146

JfaJe Fe mala

&52 610 63 43 18 12 26 40 43 43 u 60 74 6i

101 Ui 67 82 23 20 67 61 14 II 18 10 10 8 20 I

196(, • -Male Female

666 634 26 43 20 14 84 22 42 82' 61 63 76 77

111 108 88 62 88 47 88 47 18 18 18 0 10 6 18 6

11"6

8,237 246 142 140 634 183 164 892 208 136 1811 117 236 444 121

11160

1.1166 2311

118 122

~6()7

162 88

882 800 ua. 1411 n

18tl 600 07

I

--~ lt4r•t• ... 81rhrtl111• • ........... )l..S..-1-·

"'""' .1, • u-... ~~ 16-P.,.,a­eur-.\c.a • ~.... . )I~ llol<l.a W-{IIMjpal' .hlpol.c••r1 '-1-~io ... ~ ilelaAr

... Brapl JtaM•aa. litrt.ttura • J<an-ara )lldna~. It Ot''lllilh 11 • Howrall 16-Panr­Cai«o:~ • lla.ila • )IQnhid&becl )I..U.I.a

""- [l!Dajpal' • .Jalpolorurt '-!...,lint Coue!l llel>ar

.... s..,.a Bar,l•aa. 1\trOb•• • 1\aD.IUlra • )Udaapar. HOOII~>Ir • Ho•r.!a ............. l.':alt:'11Ua • l'iwoa • lila,.414&M4 :ll.al-ta • • w .. l lllaajpar • .Jal~••art :=:t..

... , a..pa e., ..... tlUbll•• • tl.aa.k.ua

:!!:~f:': U.J•ra• , ........ « .... l·aj.,\&a • ~waa . .... ~ .... <1. • • W•tl>laaJpa. Jai,.,(Vt 1-t-~·•• ~~

TABLE 15.9

A."iNUAL DEATHS FRO~I ".1\IALARIA" BY SEX, 19-11-50

".11!3 •• !J7t) •.• u :1.-11 8,148 :r..~a t.in .......

~~~· 1.""7 ... ~ :1.,:.6-1 l,:-1 t.l•l:t l.iOl

62,053 1,703 7,.>7:1 1,1147 6,071 1,11;7 1,524 1,1!.14

tl:!l 8,767 ;,;~3 3.411\1 ll.4118 2,<!117 l,lie

~.747 6.\nS 0.1101 a.&-~ o.~ 1,67»$ 1,1114 1,607

0011 1.6<!7 ;,,~Jl ll,t:!-i 1,4i7 1,117& l,IHO

1H6

60,280 1,<11~ 7, .... 1,123 8,088 2,041 1,347 1,455

&117 8,6:Jll 7.~ 1,104 2,334 2,658 1.002

lt&1

U,ll:-8 0,4><1 S,,23 :t..,;;Q 6,11117 :l,;;o

SJ:I 1,;21

120 1,431 7,4.>1 1,1145 1.3411 2,141 1,3110

42,547 6,71:1 3,10711 ~.1133 7,4119 ll,!!,S

318 :1.,824

t:!tl ll.U.> 6,933 1.7~ 1,2.>0 2,0~4 1,102

11147

1114%

43,1~ 0,1112 3.;~1$ ~.570 6 .... 11 2.7~3

4-t•a S,OtiO

700 s.r.u o.•H 2,1.,3 l,t;.~lO

1,9.'>11 1,417

Kale Female

41,478 S,694 6,8<10 2,578 &,1111:! 2,237 1,318 2,565

792 4,665 6,334 2,002 1,40CI 1,934 1,083

41,061 3,75l) &,904 2,71l2 6,532 2,218 1,305 2,400

608 4,629 &,131 1,710 1,332 1,868

&!4

Female

U.\l.'oO 6,:!v7 3.11~0 2,9c>J 6,~111 2,7\.lO 3~6

3,0t;3 4:!3

3,.:!;S 6,201 1,01!! 1,6.!4 1,~78 1,1U

1H3

87,723 10,31.14 11),.>39 5,6ao

20,1:.!~ 3,931 I,Sa7 7,6:J2 1.4118 3,8,2

1:!,111:!3 3,416 2,017 2,345 1,671

11148 ~ Male Female

88,247 3,774 4,151 2,376 6,026 2,111 1,471 2,1124

7112 4,311 4,2t<6 2,000 1,306 1,841

878

38,329 4,138 4,207 2,597 6,598 2,3a6 1,517 2,il7

658 4,240 4,186 1,583 1,157 1,690

61!5

TABLE ·15.10

Female

60,8611 10,006 10,740

5,963 18,0811

3,714 1,332 0,237 1,004 3,Ha

11,736 3,342 1,9115 2,141 1,425

lola.le

84,0U8 12,014 12,843

8,972 13,085

4,100 2,182 7,3113 2,204 2,567

14,593 3,225 1,963 2,148 1,8911

Female

82,799 11,974 13,706

4,310 13,207

4,101 2,058 0,727 1,502 2,068

14,514 3,145 1,824 2,06& 1,608

11149 ~ Male Female

37,866 3,613 &,217 2,&111 6,162 2,014 1,&28 2,809

726 4,252 4,606 2,262

768 1,687

703

89,&40 4,086 &,611 2,781 6,1107 2,206 1,695 2,678

479 4,350 4,804 2,20&

691 1,&47

600

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" KALA-AZAR" BY SEX, 1941-50 .lftr&ge for

11141-60

1.a~a 88

8 • u 121 it

lU )66

011 174 81

IU 111' 1111

Kale

1,828

"" • • 18 uo II

1115 Ill 1U :r..o 11:1 .. .. 1110 1111

J'emale

1158 Ill

7 8

10 so 20 80

108 60

1111 67

237 61 08

1041

l'emale

1,268 Ill

I 1 • 87

Jl 60

1111

•• !II 116

187 68 71

1941

llale

1,030 u a 6

18 112 11

161 116 71

181 71

1112 88 lUI

llale

1,8411 127

10 6

liS 183

8-'> 1!7 191

88 1110 lOll 670 1U Ill

Female

707 so

6 8 8

65 20 79 48 62 liS OS

1&1 27 68

11147

Male

947 37

8 3 6

69 .7

116 65 53

148 64

214 u

133

J'emale

1,2211 88

8 1 0

146 22 4111

127 till

HI 67

358 8S CIS

1942

Female

647 33

9 4 4

48 4

83 81 81

115 41

136 29 711

Male

1,6117 151

17 7

28 173

27 143 244 6S

160

~· 444 84 71

Male

1,196

1948

60 8 8

1S 10 H

128 96 75

156 93

806 61

149

Female

1,1114 118 10

7 4

132 11 83

221 34 82 48

808 Od 02

1948

Female

780 24

4 8 3 8

41 78 66 54

10& H

184 36 Ill

Male

1,470 1&11 17

li

"' 20!' 65

uo 170 42

100 71

828 08 oz

1944

Male

1,186 89

8 6

18 88 28

Female

788 2&

118 H9

62 189

011 245 ol

181

1949

Female

1,126 911 1&

8 84

·1U 87

111 160 88 09 62

2611 68 80

2 8 &

61 17 78 110 46

112 43

166 89

107

lola.le

62,H9 0,548 8,~17 2,375 7,742 2,672 1,462 4,000 1,132 4,314

14,123 2,Ul4 2,045 2,689 1,610

J'emalt

Cll,3o:. u.~~;i ll,:koi •) .. -~ ;:;.;{a 2.~1.; l,Ul 3,9:<7

7:!3 S.H~

13,7~4 2,&h5 l,llld 2,644 1,a~o

111&0 ~ Male Femalt·

211,234 2,552 4,369 2,049 8,879 1,316

886 2,184

&68 3,212 3,21!0 2,184

UH 1,375

766

Male

1,603 46

6 2

12 117

27 117 176

83 294

112 863

70 119

Male

1,127 1011 11

0 43

1&0 27 98

142 89 87 68

272 82 &a

28,691! 2,6114 4.4~3 2,1~7 4,:32U 1.4i4

194&

7:!U 1,0~1

4tH 3,106 3,0\IU l,I!~U

U25 1.~~' U~6

Female

1950

984 30

1 ~ 7

63 12 7& 95 63

211 6a

204 6!l 90

Female

877 ~5 9 2

24 1ZM

211 ~~~

121 3~ 63 ...

2111 a• :l•

39

TABLE 15.11

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM" TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS" BY SEX, 1941-50

W•st Bengal Burdwan . Blrbhum • Bankura ~~'Wb.~'1..~· .. 1:loogn1y • Howrah • 24-Pargana.s Calcutta • :s-a<tia Murshidabad Maida West DinaJpur : Jaipalguri Darjeeling Cooch Behar

West Bengal Burdwan . Blrbhum . Bankura • Midnapur. Hoogh!y • Howrah . 24-Parganas Calcutta Nadia Murshldabad Maida West Dlnajpur Jalpaiguri Darjeellng Cooch Behar

West Bengal Burdwan • Blrbhum • Bankura • Midnapur. Hooghly • Howrah . U-Parganas Calcutta • Nadia • Murshldabad Maida . • West Dinajpur • Jaipalgurl .·

8:~!he~~~ar ·'

West Bengal Burdwan • 81.rbhum • &nkura , Kldnapur. Hooghly • Howrah . :'-Parganas C••kutta • ''hdia . •'INhldabad w.Ji!& • • 1f ... t Dlnajpur • : -.!;-1lgurl ~ling :.x.b Behar

Average for 1942 1943 1944 1941-50 1941

,....----'------, ,....----A-----

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male l'emale

4,826 2,621 5,032 2,957 4,378 2,356 4,488 2,342 4,772 2,546 411 108 457 131 430 117 369 107 374 112 155 39 235 .61 173 46 134 31 134 42 301 69 325 77 320 79 238 54 266 76 Wli\. -..'1. '1.'>'- '"'"'

'!.-..'0 '\"\. '1,\)"\. <><> .. <:;, ... '\'!. 31.b 1:H 377 1.28 327 138 31\b 1.17 329 1.08 469 238 432 272 381 213 467 198 558 261 593 250 648 292 597 228 573 192 564 242

1,396 1,267 1,494 1,516 1,199 1,049 1,308 1,164 1,449 1,240 68 16 53 14 42 16 . 56 20 62 18

. 119 26 98 35 102 ·28 84 11 124. 19 25 7 15 8 13 3 20 7 26 8 43 14 39 14 28 17 43 11 47 13

269 148 224 101 2,114 87 228 118 174 90 271 243 271 222 263 264 262 246 259 245

1946 1947 1948 1949 ~ ~ ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

4,792 2,435 4,948 2,689 5,210 2,862 5,144 2,840 445 110· 448 99 458 113 398 105 171 38 128 29 154 42 150 33 803 53 312 54 297 80 299 78 885 65 396 64 425 109 472 91 289 90 264 99 301 106 309 132 430 216 470 243 468 252 473 277 609 264 590 267 615 252 633 239

1,436 1,173 1,496 1,348 1,494 1,402 1,413 1,276 74 17 78 ~ 22 82 23 77 15

124 22 1S4 33 136 28 120 29 28 9 21 7 35 6 31 8 63 16 34 16 41 11 65 16

209 116 287 160 406. 195 408 277 236 246 290 248 308 243 296 264

TABLE 15.12

ANNUAL DEATHS FROM " SNAKE BITES" BY SEX, 1941-50 Average for

1941-60 1941 1942 1943 1944 ~ ......--"----.

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

878 771 96S 796 863 761 748 631 860 767 . 94 76 1S6 79 109 83 73 89 86 79 37 38 44 30 52 47 87 42 37 4S 68 59 71 75 64 66 57 66 59 67

171 130 161 125 148 112 1S3 88 166 162 74 66 101 93 65 73 84 71 57 63 34 26 37 18 S5 28 27 18 38 29

179 138 218 186 220 172. 151 119 167 1S4 10 3

'61 4 1 11 3

49 62 36 33 45 49 38 64 43 74 89 76 89 61 62 59 43 82 80 39 40 34' 33 31 38 26 12 42 27 32 39 21 19 29 30 34 39 38 34 19 13 18 9 20 13 15 11 11 10 3 3 5 4 2 2 3 5 3 3

1946 1947 1948 1949 ~ ~ ,.---~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

906 882 913 778 965 762 882 794 86 79 86 7S 96 67 94. 69 27 so 30 18 38 38 41 42 60 67 62 61 57 66 50 55

168 165 186 115 241 166 1.95 186 72 80 82 (lfl H 42 71 54 4S so 42 ao 28 29 25 S1

18S 162 19S 123 168 108 163 1S3 15 s 7 3 15 2 24 7 61 48 68 81 45 63 54 56 98 114 71 104 90 94 54 93 46 65 34 45 45 50 47 45 85 44 89 48. 33 '3 35 49 16 4 21 17 22 17 25 24

6 l 3 2. 3 6 4 1

1945 ...-------"---Male Female

4,585 2,366 347 78 159 38 320 57 '!,~ '\0..

269 117 576 272 582 278

1,350 1,109 65 11

152 29 23 9 36 16

120 46 246 232

1950 ~ Male Female

4,907 2,814 385 107 1HI 33 333 86 480 127 331 100 433 175 519 248

1,317 1,388 87 7

122 21 40 3 46 12

417 292 281 215

194& ... Male Female

820 776 78 72 31 46 46 48

163 131 73 6S 34 22

168 116 10 3 41 66 89 127 39 38 28 41 19 E 1 5

1950 ~ Male Female

830 7C!5 93 70 37 41 66 53

167 124 70 6:! 27 28

Hll 120 10 5 48 5~ 63 90 44 46 so 45 tO 22 4 2

6A

40

TABLE 16.1

D&ATII RATE FRO~I uciJOLERA" PER 1,000 OF EACH SF.X CALCULATED ON THE POPULA TION OF 19.Jl FOR 1941-50 MD FOR EACH Ir\DIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

, ......... ......... lllrl>~·- • B••••ra ll14 .. p.,. H-biF. ll_r .. ............. (;eke~ •..ua . . K..nbi4abe4 II..Wa • • 11\eo&OiaaJpU. I alpei(llli ~.~ar..-u..,

~ .llel>al

,_,...,.. Bur<!• .. • Bitblalla. Ba.a•.,. • ll14aapu. H-lllF • Hownll .... )' ......... Cain~ • Jio.dia • II llnbklaba4 Maida • • 11\. eo& DlaaJpU o lalpal,urt LlarjwUDI

~· .llel>al

Kala. .. ....

•• •I ·• ·• •7 •6

1·1 1·1 •7

1·1 ., •6 ·6 •I ·1

loG ·• ·I •7 •7 ·• 1·7

1·1 1·1 1·1

11140

·8 •6 ·6 •I •1

Kale l'emale

•4 •I •I •1 •1 •4 •8 ·4 •I

1·4 •7

1·1 ·I -416 •1

•6 •I •1 •I •1 ·6

1·1 •I •4

1·7 •8

1·8 •I -os •1

1141

•7 •6

1·1 ·6 •4 •4

1·1 1•4 •

·7 ·I ·8 ·I •1 ·I

J'emale

·d ·6

1·1 ·6 ·I ·4

1·1 1·1 1·1 ·I ·8 ·• •1 ·I

19U

Kale

·6 ·II •I •7 ·r. ·6 •II ·r. ·I ·6 ·7 ·1 ·1 ·I •1

Kale Female

·6 •4 •8 ·8 •8 •4

1·1 ·6 ·7 •6 •I •1 •i •Oi •1

liiU

~-------J'emale Kale

·I 1·1

·3 •7 ·3 ·II

1·1 ·6 ·2 ·6 ·8 ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1

1948

2·6 2·1 8·8 3·4 3·2 1·2 2·7 3·4 ·8

8·6 8·0 1·0 1·7 1·9 ·4

,.---....J'-"---. Male Female

•6 ·7 •S ·2 •4 ·6

1·3 ·8

1·0 ·9 ·S ·4 ·1 ·1 ·1

•7 ·8 ·3 ·S ·2 ·7

1·6 1•0 1·6 1·1

·4 ·4 ·1 ·1

l'emale

8·0 3·1 8·11 3·8 1·7 1·6 8·6 8·7 1·3 4·1 8·4 1·7 1·7 1·2 ·ll

Male

·II ·8 •II •6 ·7 ·6

1·8 1·8 ·7 ·6 ·4 •8 ·4 •1 ·1

Female

1·0 ·II

1·1 ·6 •4 ·6

1·3 ll·1

•II ·6 •4

1•1 ·S ·I ·1

1949 ~ Male Female

•6 •6 •1 ·2 ·6 •3 ·8

1·8 ·6 ·8 ·8 ·4 ·2 ·1 ·OS

·7 ·7 ·1 ·2 •3 •4

1·2 1·5 1·1 1·0

•8 ·4 ·2 •1 ·02

TABLE 16.2

Kala

·4 ·ll ·1 ·1 ·1 •4

1·6 ·r. ·8 ·S ·1 ·S ·1 ·1 ·1

1146

Fe malo

·• ·~ ·1 •3 •1

·• 1·7

·• ·II •3 ·1 ·• ·1 ·1 ·1

1960 ~

Kale Female

·8 ·9 ·2 ·8 ·8 •8. •9 •9

1•6 1·8

·8 ·7

1·3 ·8 ·1

•II 1·0

·2 ·8 ·4 ·4

1·8 1•1 3·0 1·8

·3 1·0 1·6

·8 ·1

DEATII RATE FRO.l\l"FEVER" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATIO: OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

..... , Belllal Jlu..Swaa • lllrl.l~a• • )'aa&ua Millaapu. H-tllF • Huwnla U·l'anrUIU ('ale-QUA •

l'o•<l•• • ll11r.bidaba4 MaWa • • 111- lllaaJpu • lalpaii!Url 1-jMiiDII Cuoc.la 1lelaar

.. , ....... II....S•aa. lltrt••• • 11 .. 11. ....

::!:~~;': H\)Wf ..

U·l'&rll­l'aka~ • ,...!Ia • lllvohld&MI • lii.W• • • 111•&DiaaJrw. J""-'" l>a<J-11.... •

~· .......

Kale

10·6 11·1 11·1 U·7 11·1

1·4 4-G 8·1 1·1

111"11 18•8 18·11 14·1 11-11 U•l

11-11 16-1 !3·8 1G-8 •• ...

&·I I-I 1·1

1•4 1.4 111-G l&·t lt·7 u ..

l'emale

11-11 1ll-7 11•8 18·1 11·8

7-li 4·7 7·1 8•6

20•7 17·8 11·8 14·7 18·0 U•l

11·1 11·1 U·ll 16-7 10·1 1·8 4·8 8·8 1·6

!CH 111-4 11•4 111·6 U·8 \1·1

Kale

8·7 10·7 14•11 12·1

9·4 I· I 1·4 &•II 1"8

111"6 18·7 10·4 14·7 12·6 11·1

1941

Female Male

9·8 11·8 14•11 12·6 10·0

7·8 8·0 7·0 1·0

19"11 12·8

9·1 14·8 U·2 111·8

1947

8·1 10·1 16·8 11·1

11·2 6·1 2·3 5·6 1"11

18"6 14·7

6·3 10•6 12·1 16·1

Kale Female

9·0 11·0 20·1 12·7 10·1

1•1 1·8 6·8 1·1

11·6 16·11 11·7 14·7

8·11 U·8

10·4 12·8 20·8 13·3 11·2

7·2 4·8 &•II 4·1

17•4 U·8 10·0 14·6

11·7 12•&

1942 1949 1944

Female Male

15·0 15·4 29·0 19•1 20·2

Female Male

15·8 17·1 82·8 15·8 15·8

Female

17·3 18•9 84•8 16•8 16•8 10•4

9·2 11·3 1&•6 12•1.

8·7 7·0 "2·4 6·4 1"9

19•1 13•8

4·2 12•6 14·1 14·8

8·4 6·2

11·1 2"4

32"0 31•2 11·2 14·5 16·6

. 16·9

1948 ~ Male Female

8•4 10·0 16·8 11·9 10·2

6·6 3·9 6·4 2·8

14·9 12·9 l1·6 18·7

7·11 U·8

9·9 11·9 17·8 12·8 11·4

7·0 6·0 6·8 4·6

15·1 12·6

0·7 12·7 S·l

12·11

16·0 16·4 28·5 18•6 18·4

9·0 6·8

10·8 4•1

33•6 80·4 10•4 14•1 16•8 16·3

8•9 6·6

11·0 s·1

29"6 29·4 27•1 20·0 17·7 18·4

1949

7·9 11·7

4•8 3o·a 29·6 24·8 20·4 20•0 18•1

Male Female

8·0 9·4

18·8 11·1

9·6 6•8 8·7 4·8 1·9

14-11 12·0 11·6 12·2

7·2 10·1

9·7 11·8 19·8 12·1 11·1

fl-6 4•7 6·6 8·4

16·8 13·0 10·8 12·6

8·0 10·4

Male

10·9 11•1 22·6 11·8 10•8

6·6 4•2 6·7 2•4

22•6 22·0 20·8 16•8 16•2 17·2

1946

Female

12·6 12·8 24·1 11·8 11·4

8·9 6•3 7·6 8•4

22"7 21·6 17·9 16·7 16·11 17·4

1960 ,....---......-...., Kale Female

7·4 8·6

18·4 10·6

8·6 4•7 2·6 4·1 1·11

12·2 11-1 11·8 18·0

7·11 lD-8

8·4 9·6

18·6 10·8

11·4 6·6 ll-9 4·7 3·6

12·7 10·3 g.s

U·!l s-6

10·4

41 '

TABLE 16.3 ,,

(1J)EATH RATE FROM" SMALL-POX" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU­LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

West Bengal Burdwan Birbhum llankura )lidnapur Boo~hly Bowrah • 24·Pa~anaa Calcutta Nadia e

Mul'8hidabad Maida . We•t Dtnajpur Jalpalguri •

g;~t.·~~r

West Bengal Burdwan Blrbhum Baukura Midnapur Boo!!hly Bowrah . 24-Parganaa Calcutta Nadia . Murshidabad Maida . West Dinajpur J alpai!(Uri • Darjeellng • Cooch Behar

Average for 1941-60

Male Female

·4 ·4 ·3 ·3 ·2 •2 ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·4 ·4 ·9 1·1 ·3 ·3

1·1 2·3 ·3 ·3 ·2 ·2 •1 ·1 ·2 ·3 ·03 ·02 ·1 -Q4

1946 ~ Male Female

·2 •3 •7 ·9 ·4 •4 ·2 ·1 -Q1 -ol ·2 ·2 •S ·4 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·5 ·6 ·6 ·6 ·1 ·2 ·6 ·6 -Ql ·01 ·04 ·01

1941 1942 1943 19H 1946 ~

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

·4 ·6 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·8 1·0 1·0 1·2 ·4 ·4 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·02 •1 ·2 ·9 1·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·2 ·8 ·8 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·01 •004 ·1 ·1 1·7 1·6 ·1 ·04 •002 •001 ·03 ·03 ·2 ·2 ·3 ·4 ·3 •4 ·02 •02 ·03 ·04 ·6 ·8 1·6 2·0 ·6 ·8 ·1 ·2 ·1 ·2 3·0 4·1 2·6 3·2 ·4 ·6 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·7 ·8 1·1 1·2

1·7 8·1 ·04 •1 ·6 ·9 2·6 6·6 1·5 3·1 ·1 ·2 •006 ·01 ·1 ·1 ·6 ·7 ·3 •(

·1 ·1 •01 ·02 ·02 ·02 ·1 ·1 1·8 1·3 ·1 ·1 •02 •02 ·01 . •003 ·1 ·1 ·5 ·6 ·02 ·03 ·01 •01 ·04 •04 ·8 ·9 ·2 ·3

·004 ·03 •04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •01 ·02 •03 ·01 •03 ·1 ·2 ·1

1947 1948 1949 1950 ~ ~-----.. ~

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

·1 ·2 ·3 ·4 ·1 •1 ·6 ·6 ·1 "1 •1 •2 ·04 ·04 ·3 ·4 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·1 ·1 ·02 •02 ·1 ·1 ·01 ·005 ·2 ·2 -Q2 ·02 ·1 ·1 ·03 ·03 ·2 ·2 •1 ·04 ·2 ·2 ·04 ·04 ·6 ·8 ·1 •1 ·6 ·8 ·1 ·1 1·0 1·4 ·02 -Q2 ·2 ·2 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·2 ·6 1·6 1·7 8·7 •2 ·4 1·9 4·7 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·6 ·6 •03 ·04 •03 ·04 ·01 ·01 ·2 ·2 ·04 -Q2 ·2 ·2 •005 ·01 ·2 ·2 ·4 ·4 ·05 ·1 ·2 ·2 •01 ·01 ·01 ·02 ·02 ·1 •1 ·01 ·02 ·03 ·2 ·1

TABLE 16.4

DEATH RATE FROM " PLAGUE" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULA­TION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH-INDIVIDUAL YEAR :BY SEX, 1941-50

West Bengal Burdwan Birbbum Bankura Midnapur Hooghly Howrah • 24-Parganaa Cakutta Nadia . Murshidabad Maida • West Dinajpnr Jalpa4mrl • Darjeeling. Cooch Behar

West Bengal Burdw&Q Birbhnm Bsuk:ura Midnapur H~hly Howrah • 24-Parganaa Calcutta Nadia • M U1'8hldabad Maida • West Dlnajpur Jslp&i!(Uri • Darjeeling • ooocb Bobar

Average for 1941-60

Male Female

·001

·005

Male

-ooos

·002

o()()02

·008

1946

Female

1941

Male Female Male

.0001

o()()l

Male

o001

•0001

-Q02

1947

Female

·0001

o(l02

1942 1943 1944 1945

Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

•0002 ·0001

..

•001 •002

1948 1949 1950 .---~ ~ r-----"--~ Male Female Male Female Male Female ·001 ·0004 ·004 ·001 ·ooo3

·001

•001 .002

•005 •003

-til ·003 ·03 .02 ·'J02

o002

TABLE 16.5

DEATII RATE FROM •• DYSENTERY, DIARRHG:A AND ENTERIC GROUP OF FEVERS, PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 BY SEX, 1941-50

,.. ... a.-a 1\....t--..... tot>•• • l<atoluara •. )la.laa!"'l' • JlonchiJ • Jlnwnll .... ,~ , . ...,.u •. Jio.dla • II oonhldabell llaW• ,. .. lllnaJpur ~alpal.rout • l...,l<'ril..., • (4>orbllebu

,.. .. ~Wftpl llardtraD • JUrhhuiD • )\ankara • lMkloavur • lt .... hiJ • ltcJW'f'11Lb • lt-l'anraDM ('alrtltta • ]!li..Jia • lM ,.,.hldabed lMaWa w•JlluJpur ~alpahrurl • I...,)N'IIn(l , ()ooob Debar •

)(ale

1·1 HI .. H 1·1 HI 1-F• H %.0

·7 ·r. ·I ·II

1·1 2·2

Female

1·• 1.0

~~·

.. 1·1 1·1 1·1 1·1 1·2 l·t ·II ., ·I ·r.

1·1 2-G

llale 1'emale

1-2 ·7

:~ 1-G 1·7 l·t

•8 HI ·8 ·7 •8 ·6

2·2 1-tl

1·8 ·7 ·8 ·7 ·• H

8-1 1·0 8·8

•7 ·8 •7 .,

1-7 loll -

... u 1·1 .. 1-e 1-1 1·7 1-G 1.0 H• .. .a •I ·8 ·8

1·8

1~1

Female

1-1 1·1 ·8

l·i Hl 2-G 1·8 H 1·8

·8 ·I ·1 ·S ·7

1·8

19U

Kale

H 1·0 1-G 1'1 H 1·8 2·0 1·0 1·1 .. ..

•1 ., ·6

2·2

~------. ~· FeouUe

1·1 ·8 ., ·8

l·t 2·0 2'8

·8 1·11 ·8 ., •2 ·8

1·8 1·11

1·· ·8 ·8

1-G 1·· 2·8 8·t

·II •·1

·8 ·8 ·1 ·8

1·8 1·8

1M2

J'eouUe

H 1·0 .. 1·2 1·1 2·1 2·6 1·0 2·1 ., ., ·1 ·3 .,

1·8

1~8

Kale

1·8 l·S 1·1 1·8 1-G 2·8 4·1 2·4 2·7 ·6 •4 ·2 ·6 ·II

2·8

llale Female

1·8 •II ·8 ·II

Hi 1·11 2·3

·II 2·2

•II ·5 ·2 ·5

1·3 2·0

1·4 1·0

•S ·II

1·1i 2·5 8·0 1·0 4·6 1·0

·5 '2 ·8

1·5 2·0

TABLE 16.6

liltS

J'eouU8

2·1 l·S ·II

J.lj 3·t 2·8 4·1 2·2 6-G ·5 ·4 ·2 .,

1·0 2··

Kale

1·8 1·1 ·7

1·4 2·0 2·6 8·11 1·8 2·4 ·7 ·3 ·8 •4

1·1 2·6

1~9

1~6

Female

1·8 H ·8

1·t 1·11 2·8 r.·o 1·8 H ·6 •3 ·2 ·3

HI 2·3

llale Female

1·2 1·1

·4 ·II

1·3 1-lj 1·7 ·II

2·4 1·0

·6 ·S ·8

1·6 1-7

1·4 1·1

·3 ·8

1·2 1·8 2·8 1·0

1 6•6 1·1

·5 ·2 ·7

1·8 1·6

llale

H ·8 ·S ·8

1·0 1·8 2·5 ·II

1·7 ·6 ·5 ., ·4

1·2 2·6

11146

Female

1·2 ·8 ·3 ·8

1·0 2·1 3·2

·II 8·1 ·6 ·5 ·3 ·4

1·4 2·6

1950 ~ llale Female

1·8 1·1

·4 ·II

1·3 1·6 1·7 ·II

2·4 1·0

·6 ·3

1·1 2·0 -1·11

1·4 1·1

•8 ·8

1·2 1·8 2·8 1·0 5·6 H

·5 ·2

H 2·1 1·11

DEATH RATE FROM .. RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF THE LUNGS" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR

EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

....... JMoapl llurd•aa 1\lrbhuaa • 1\aD~Uta lllldDApur • HUUOihiJ • llowrab l4·1'anr­('alruua )oadla • )I urohldabed )lakla • ....... lliDA)pV ~•ll"'itrurl •

t::,:~~

,.. ... )Mo-l lloar.twaa b<IW."m ..... ~ ... JllklDAI'V ....... hi, 11uwRia ........... _ l'ak'11Ua l'ooo.lla • lll .... hlllaloacl )I ~Late ...... l>laajpU ~alpailroart • 1 .... ,.. •• .., • '--•~~ew

J'eouUe

1·1 ·II •li ·II ·II

1-8 1·8 ·II

1·11 •II ·8 ·8

2·t 4·2 2-G

1~8

Kale Female

H 1·1

·7 1·& 1-7 !·~ H H II Jot) .,. .. 1·11 .., H

1-2 .... .. .. t-o Jot 1·7 .. 1·8 .. ·I •I

I '\I ... , 1·1

llale

1·8 2·0 1·· 1·8 1·11 2-'1 2·2 ... 2·1i

·8 ·8 ·8

2·1 4·8 2·2

1941

FeouUe

1·· 1·6 ·II

H 1·1 1·8 1·11 ·II

8·8 •7 ·1 ·2

2·0 8·11 2·2

1~7

llale

1-8 1·6 1·1 1·6 )o6 2·1i 1·7 1·2 1·11 1·1 .,

·8 2·6 •·6 t·•

~· Female

1-41 l·t ·• 1·& 1-li ll·ll 2·1' ... I· I .. ., ·I ••• t·8

1·6

1·2 •II ·8

1-11 1-G 1·1i 1·8

·8 ,., ., ·2 ·1

2·1 1·8 1·7

Female

1-6 ·II ·8

1·0 ·9

1·7 1-6 ·2·6 2·7

·6 ·S ·8

2·4 8·7 2·2

11148

llale

1·11 1·· 1·0 1·6 1·7 2·8 2·6 1·4 2·8 1·1 ·li

1·3 2·7 6·4 2·0

Male Female

1·5 1·2

·6 1·8 1·t 1·11 2-G

•!> 8·2

·8 •4 ·6

8-1 , .. 1·8

1·2 ·7 ·8 ·7 ·9

1·4 1·7 . " t·2 ·8 ·1 •3

2·8 4·0 2·0

11148 11144

Female

1·4

llale

1·11 1·6

Female

·II ·7

1·0 1·0 1·11 1·8

·8 4·8 ·8 ·4 ·li

2·4 4·6 2·8

·8 1.6 Jo7 8·1 2·11 1·4 8·0 ·8 ·6

1·0 2·6 6·7 2·1

111f9 ~ Male Female

1·4 1·2

·6 HI 1·8 1·8 1·11

·8 2·8

·6 ·S ·I

3·1 f·ll 1·8

H ·8 ·3 ·6 ·8

1·2 1·6

·I> 8·8

·3 ·1 ·3

2·4 •·1 HI

•

llale

1·8 1·8

·7 1·6 1·7 2·6 2·2 1·2 3·4 1·1 ·li ·7

8·1 6·5 2·2

1945

Female

1·4 ·8 •4 •II

1·0 1·11 1·7 ·8

8·8 ·6

1·1 ·2

2·8 4·9 2·2

11150 ~ ll&le Female

H 1·3 ·• 1·0 H 1-7 1·11

·7 2·6

·6 •3 ·6

2•11 8·4 1·6

1·0 •8

3 ·7

H 1·7 ·• t·S

•8 ·2

43

TABLE 16.7

DEATH RATE FROM •'SUICIDE" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPULA-TION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

Average for 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1041-50

"""' """' Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female '-Male Female Male Female

West Bengal ·05 ·1 •04 •1 -o4 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·05 ·05 •06 ·1 Burdwan "04 ·05 ·05 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·04 ·OS ·05 ·04 ·06 ·05 Bilbhum ·1 ·04 •04 •1 ·1 ·1 ·06 •OS ·1 •02 ·03 ·02 Bankura •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·04 ·1 Midnapur •OS ·03 •03 •03 ·02 ·2 •OS I ·OS •OS ·03 ·03 ·03 Hooghly ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 Howran •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 24-l'arganas ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 Cakutta ·03 ·04 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·01 ·01 •OS ·04 ·04 ·05 Nadia ·1 ·1 ·02 ·01 ·03 ·02 ·03 •01 ·04 ·03 ·1 ·03 Murshidab~d ·1 ·1 •04 ·03 ·04 ·04 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Maida ·04 ·03 •03 ·02 ·02 ·02 ·04 ·04 ·04 ·03 ·03 ·02 W~st Dinajpur ·03. ·04 ·03 ·04 ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 ·02 •04 ·03 ·1 Jalpalguri ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 •03 ·02 ·03 •02 ·02 ·03 ·02 ·02 Darjeeling ·1 ·04 ·1 ·02 ·1 ·03 ·1 •01 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·02 Cooch Behar

1946 1947 1943 1949 1950 ,....__....___...., ~ ~ r----J'----. ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

West Bengal ·05 ·1 -os •1 ·05 •1 ·05 •1 ...:>5. ·1 Burdwan • ·04 ·05 ·04 ·03 ·04 ·04 ·04 ·1 ·03 •05 llirl>hwu •03 ·04 •06 ·05 ·04 ·04 ·1 -Q4 ·1 •03 Bankura . ·1 ·05 •1 •04 ·04 ·04 ·1 •1 ·1 •Oll Midnapur: ·02 •03 •03 ·02 •03 •03 ·04 ·04 ·03 •02 Huoghly ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 '1 Howrah ·1, ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 24-Parganas ·1 ·1 ·04 •1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Calcutta ·04 ·03 ·03 •1 ·04 •1 •05 ·1 ·05 . ·1 Nadia ·1 •1 ·1 •1 ·04 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Murshidah~ ·05 ·1 ·05 ·1 •1 ·1 ·04 ·1 ·05 ;•05 Maida ·03 •02 •04 ·02 ·04 ·04 ·04 ·1 •03 '04 West Dinajpur • ·03 ·1 ·03 ·04 ·03 •04 ·06 ·04 ·04 "02 Jalpaigurl ·02 ·02 ·02 ·02 •03 ·02 ·03 ·02 •02 ·oL Darjeeling ·1 •02 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·o3 Cooch Behar

TABLE 16.8

DEATH RATE FROM" CHILD BIRTH" PER 1,000 OF FEMALE POPULATION AS PER CENSUS OF 1941, 1941-50 /

Average for

' 1941-50 lOU. 11142 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1946 1949 1050

' West Bengal •3 •3 ·3 :3 ·3 ·3 ·3 ·3 ·3 •4 '2 Burdwan ·3 ·4 •4 .·3 •2 ·3 •3 •3 ·4 •4 '2 Blrbhuw , •3 •4 ·4 ·3 ·2 ·3 •3 •2 •3 ·4 ·a Bankura ·3 ·4 ·3 ·3 ·2 ·2 •3 •D •2 •8 ·~

Mi.dn.apur ·4 •4 ·4 •3 ·3 ·3 •4 •3 •4 •I ·a Booghly . ,-4 ·5 ·4 ·4 ·3 ·3 •3 •3 •4 •4 •3 Bowrah . ·2· ·8 ·2 ·2 •3 •2 •2 •1 2 ·2 •J. 24.•l'arganas ·2 ·8 ·3 ·2 ·2 ·2 •2 ~ •3 •8 •.Z Calcutta ·3 ·1 ·04 -o4. ·3 ·3 •4 ·8 ·6 •6 •5 Nadia ·8 ·2 ·1 ·2 ·3 •3 •4 ·3 •1\ •5 ·a Mursh!dahad ·2 ·1 ·2 •1 ·2 ·2 ·2 l•2 •8 •2 •8

Malola ·8 ·8 ·8 ·2 ·8 ·3 ·8 •2 •3 •3 --2 West Dinajpur • ·8 ·7 ·7 ·8 ·7 ·8 ·9 •9 ·8 1·1 •7 Jalpaigurl 1·4 1·7 1·4 1·~ 1·0 1·2 1·8 1·2 1·4 1-7 1•3 Darjecling ·6 ·7 ·8 ·6 ·6 .q ·6 -6 -6 -8 •4 Cooch Behar

TABLE 16.9

DEATII RATE FRO~I .. MALARIA" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON TilE POPULA· TION OF 1941 FOR 19-U-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX,1941-50

W Mt I"DI!al 1\•lf·l••a btrl..trUIII li.ahkllll'& )b<l!IAJ•\ll' ll••..,hl1 IJn•rah 2t-i'aN&IIM (aJ•·uu.a ~a-J1a • )tlU~tJdahad M&l•la w ... t IJtna)pur • J&IJ>AII!'•trl IJar)'..,Jlflg (;ouo..b llebar

w ... t D<-ngal Dur.twao • IHrhhum • l~an"ura ll1tluapur • JIOO'"hl)' Uc,•rah 24-l'ar~anM Cak11tla .Na<lla • M u,.,.w.Iabad :Malo Ia W ""t I>truojpur • Jalpahmrt Dat; ... ung Coo<:.b llt;llar

:Male

H> f>·ll

U·ll 4·4 r.-o ~·3 1·6 HI

·7 ll·:t tH~ 6·0 6·2 4·11 thl

.Male

4·5 3·7

14·4 3·0 3·7 :l-6 I-t! l-11 ·II

15·6 11·4 8·~ ~·~ 6·3 6·0

.famale

6·2 O·tl

13·3

11146

4·7 6·4 4·2 1-tl 2·2 1·0 11·0 116 6·3 6·3 6·1 1>·11

l!"emale

6·2 4·3

15·0 l·d 4·2 3·2 :H 2-1

·9 16·2

11-4 7-CI 11·4 6·9 5·7

11141

Kale

3·7 0·6 7-:1 H, 4·3 1·7 ·4

1·4 ·2

6·6 o-o 4·6 4·4 4·7 7·0

Male.

3·6 3·7

11·2 3·4 3·7 3·0 1·6 1·3

·5 10·8

6·5 4·7 4·6 4·2 6·4

Female

4·4 7·6 7·4 4·!1 4·8 4·6 ·5

1·7 ·3

6·2 11·6 4·1 4·1> 6·3 6·ll

1947

Female

4·2 4·2

11·3 4·4 4·2 3·5 2·0 1·4

·9 11·3

6·3 •4·1 4·8 4·9 6·0

Kale

3·8 0-() 7·3 3·11 3·11 1·7

·6 1·6

·5 8·1 7·8 5·1 6·1 4·2 7-1

11142

Female

4·3 7·1 7·5 4·7 4·4 4·4 ·6

1-11 ·7

8·4 7·11 2·4 5·9 4·11 6·6

Kale

7-11 1o-a :ttH

8·7 12·3 6·3 ll·2 8·8 1·0 8·11

15·7 8-() 8·8 6·1 8·4

1948

.Male

3·3 3·8 7·9 3·6 3·7 2·9 1·8 1·5

·5 10·0

6·2 4·7 4·3 4·0 6·4

Female

3·9 4-6 8·0 4·1 4·2 8·7 2·4 1·6 1·0

10·4 5·1 3·8 4·2 4·4 3·9

TABLE 16.10

11143

J'emale

8·3 11·1 :110-6

11·3 11·6

6·8 2-Q 8·8 1·5 7·7

14·4 8-Q 7·2 6-6 8·1

.Male

8·3 3·8 9·9 3·9 3·2 2·7 1·8 1·4 ·6

9·8 5·6 6·3 2·5 3·7 3·6

1944

)(ale

7·3 1ll-Q 2H> IH 8-() 6·6 ll-6 3·6 1·& 6·11

17·7 7·6 6·4 4·7 11·5

11149

Female

4-1 4·6

10·7 4·4 3·8 3·3 2·4 1·8

·7 10·7

6·9 5·3 2·6 4·0 8·4

J'emale

8·6 U·4 llcl·l

0·8 8·6 6·4 3·1 H 2·4 6·1

17·8 7·5 8·6 6·3 IH

5·4 0·7

17·0 3·11 4·7 3·& 1·!1 li·O

·!I 10·0 17-1

11·!1 6·7 6·!1 8·1

Kale

2·5 ll·6 8·3 3-1 2·4 1·8 1·0 1-1

·4 7·4 4·0 6-1 2·:t 8·0 8·8

11143

1950

Fe wale

0·3 7·!1

17·11 8·9 6·:1 4·4 1·1 2·4 1-1 7·7

111·8 tH 11·9 6-ll 7·6

]female

3·0 ll·ll 11-11 3·4 ~·{\

ll·ll 1·1 1·:.1

•7 7·6 3·8 4·3 2·:t 8·:t 8·6

DEATH RATE FRO.l\1 "KALA-AZAR" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU­LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX,l941-50

W •·•t Btmgal Burdwao • lllrhbUID • llaol.ura Mldnapur. Jloo~hly­Howrab Xt-Pargaoaa Cal<ulla .Nadia • Murobldabad Maida • • "'""t Dloajpur • Jalpal~ttlfl llarj..,hDJ. Coocla llebar

Weol Et-naal Burdwaa • lllrl·hum • lianllura

::!~~.\';11 Howrab U-i'an:a.AU C&I<Ulla "adia • II u"'bldaba4 Maida \Ill' .. , ()lnajpu • JalraJ~uli

=~

Average f<>r 1941·60

Male

·1 ·1 ·Oll ·Ul •U1 ·2 •U3 ·1 ·1 •2 ·l! ·2

1·1 ·1 ·6

Male

·I •1 •0:1 -\!I •U1 ·2 -us ·1 •1 ·3 ·4 •S

1·& ·2 ·6

.l!'emale

·1

19411

·1 ·01 •005 oQ1 ·1 ·OS -o:; •2 ·1 ·1 ·1 •II ·1 ·4

J'emale

·1 •1 -1)04 •001 -\!1 •1 •02 ·OS •2 ·2 ·8 •2

1·4 •I ..

1941

Male

•1 -or. •OJ ·01 ·01 ·1 •02 ·1 ·1 ·2 ·2 ·2 ·6 •1 •6

Kale

•2 ·1 ·02 ·01 •01 •2 o04 ·1 •1 ·2 ·2 ·2

1·11 •I •6

Female

·1 •03 ·01 •01 •01 ·1 ·08 •05 .,

·ll ·1 ·2 ·6 ·1 ·8

11167

Male

·1 •04 •01 •005 -oos ·1 •01 ·1 -o' ·1 ·2 •2 •7 •1 ·7

J'emale

•1 •1 oQ2 -oo2 o001 ·2 •OS o04 ·2 ·2 •I •1

1·1 •I "4

1942

J'emale

•1 ·04 •02 •01 ·008 •1 •01 •1 •05 •1 •1 ·1 ·6 ·1 .,

Hale

•1 ·2 -os oQ1 -oz ·2 -oa •1 •2 •1 •2 •2

1·6 ·2 ..

U48

Kale

•1 •1 •01 •01 •01 •01 •1 •1 •1 ·2 •2 •2

1·0 •1 •7

J'emale

•1 •1 -os -o1 -oo8 •2 -o2 •1 •I •1 ·1 ·1

1·1 •I .,

1943

J'emale

•1 -oa •01 -oo5 •002 oQ1 •1 •06 •1 •1 •1 •2 •7

•1 •6

Hale

•1 •2 -oa -o1 -o8 •I •1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·I

1·1 •1 ·•

Hale

•1 -o4 oQ1 oQl •01 ·1 -o8 •1 •1 •1 •2 •2 ·8 ·1 •7

10,,

l'emale

•1 •OS oQ04 •006 -ooa •1 -os •06 •1 ·2 •1 •1

. •8 •1 •8

J'emale

•1 •1 -os oQ06 •02 •I •1 •1 •8 •1 •1 ·1

t-o •I ·I

1945 ,....-----.... Kale

•1 ·05 •01 •008 •01 •2 •08 •1 •1 •I ·4 •I

1·2 ·I •6

Hale

•1 •1 -o2 oQl -oa

. •2 -o8 o06 •1 •1 •1 •1 ., •1 .,

11160

J'emale

·1 •OS •002 •003 ·004 ·1 •02 •06 •1 ·2 •8 •2 •7 ·l! •6

Female

•1 •1 -oz -ooa •02 •2 •03 •1 •I •1 •1 •1 •8 •1 •1

TABLE 16.11

DBATH RATE FROM "T.B. OFTHE LUNGS" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEXCALCULATEDONTHE POPULATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

West Bengal Burdwan • Blrbbum • llankura Midnapur. Hooghly Howrab 26-Parganas Calcutta • Nadia • Mursbldabad Maida • • West Dlnajpur • Jalpalgurl D&rjcellng. Coocb Bobar

West Bengal Burdwan. Blrbbum • llankura Mldnapur. Hooghly Howrab 24-Parganas Calcutta Nadia • Mursbldabad Maida • • West Dlnsjpur • Jalpalgurl Darjeellng. Cooeb Behar

Average for 1941·50

Hale Female

•4 ., ·3 •6 ·2 ., ·6 ·3

1·0 •2 ·1 ·1 ·1

··6 1·4

·3 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·2 •4 •2

1·9 ·02 •03 ·02 ·1 •4

1•4

1946 ,..---..~'-----.

Male Female

•4 •4 ·8 ·6 •2 •4 ·li ·3

1·0 ·2 •2 •1 ·2 ·5

1·2

U·2 ·1 •1 ·1 ·04 ·1 •3 ·2

1·8 •04 •OS ·02 •1 ·3

1•4

1941

Female

·3 ·1 •1 •1 •1 ·2 ., ·2

2·3 •02 •04 ·02 ·1 •3

1•3

Male

·4 ., ·3 •6 •2 ., ·6 ·3 •8 ·1 ·1 ·03 •1 •5

1·3

1947 ,---..A-.... Male Female

•4 •4 ·2 •6 ·2 ·4 ·6 •3

1·0 ·2 ·2 ·05 ·1 •6

1·5

·3 ·1 ·1 •1 •04 •2 ·4 •2

2·1 • •1

·04 -o2 ·1 ·4

1·4

1942

Female

·2 •1 ·1 ·1 •05 •2 ·3 ·1

1·6 -o2 -o3 •01 •1 ·2

1·5

lllale

•5 •6 •3 •6 ·3 ·4 ·6 •3

1·0 ·2 •2 •1 •1 •9

1·5

1943

TABLE 16.12

1943

Male

•4 ., •3 ., •2 •5 •6 ·3 •9 •1 ·1 -o5 •1 •5

1•3

Female

·S •1 •1 •1 •1 •2 •4 ·2

2·1 ·1 ·04 ·02 ·04 ·6

1·4

Female

•2 •1

.•1 •1 •04 •2 ·8 •1

1•8 -o3 •01 •02 -o&

. ·8 1·4

Jlale

•4 ., •8 •5 •8 •4 ·6 •S

1-o •2 •1 •1 •2 •9

1-5

)[ale

., ., •8 ., •2 ., •7 ·8

1·0 •1 •2 •1 •2 .,

1•8

1949

1944

Female

•S •1 •1 •1 -o5 ·2 .,

. ·1 1•9 -os •02 •02 -o5 ·2

1·4

Female

1945

)[ale

., •8 •S •5 •2 ., .

Female

•7 •S •9' •2 •2 •1 •1 •S

1·2

1950 ,.---..14·-----. Kale Female

•S ·1 •1 •1· •1 •2 •8 •2

ll-1 -DI •OS •01 ·04 •8 1-ll

DEATH RATE FROM "SNAKE BITES" PER 1,000 OF EACH SEX CALCULATED ON THE POPU .. LATION OF 1941 FOR 1941-50 AND FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL YEAR BY SEX, 1941-50

Aversge for 1941-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Femala

West Bengal ·1 ·1 ·1 •1. ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 llurdwan ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·2 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 Blrbhum • ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 . ·1 Baukura ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 .M.idnapur •1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 Hoogbly ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 •1 Howrah ·04 -o4 -o4 ·03 ·04 -o4 -o3 -os -o5 -o4 -o4 -os 24-ParganU ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 Calcutta ·01 ·005 -oo3 ·002 -o1 -oos o01 ·005 Joiadi& ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 M un;bldahad ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 Maida ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 -o3 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 West Dlnajpur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 J&lp&lf'url -o4 -o3 -o4 ·02 -o4 -os ·03 -o3 ·02 -o3 -o4 -o2 ))arjeeling -o2 -o2 -o3 -Q2 ·01 .-o1 ·02 -o3 ·02 !02 -o1 -oa Coach Behar

1946 1947 1943 1949 1950 ~ ~ ,._,._______

lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female lllale Female

West Beii(UII ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Bnrd•·an • ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •J Birbhum • •1 •1 ·1 -o3 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •I Bankura ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 Midoapur ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 H~hly •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 Howrah -o5 -o4 -o5 ·04 -oa -o4 -os -Q4 -os -o4 U-l'&rll&D88 •1 •1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 ·1 l&kutta -o1 -oo5 -DOli -oo5 o01 -oos -o2 -o1 -o1 o01 Nadia ·1 ·1 ·1 ·2 •1 ·2 •1 •1 •1 •1 .lolun;t~ ·1 •1 ·1 ·1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 •1 •1 Maida ·1 ·2 •1 •1 •1 •1 •1 ·1 •1 •1 "'""' Dlnajpur : •1 ·2 ·1 •2 •1 -2 ·1 ·2 •1 .. J al paii{Urt • ·1}1 -o1 -o5 -o4 -o5 -o4 •1 •) -o4 •1 ll&r)rtllng -o3 o01 -o2 -o1 -o2 -oa -o2 -o1 -o2 '01 . Cooch Behar

1 CENSUS .7

.:16

TABLE 17.1

DEATII RATE FRO~I .. CHOLERA" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 .

, .......... 111 ........ JllttW..•. lleak- • .... _,._ .. _ .. ,, . Jl..nao ..... ...­(Airw&Ca )I..Sia • • ............. ...... . . WMtDiaaJpU • Jatpal....n

::='.:tr

........... Jhar<l• .. , lllrbba• , • lleakara • JllclaapU. H-hiJ • Ho•""' ..... ...­c:~wa. JI&Mla • • .... 1114abe4 Jlo.lcl• • • - • ,__.DI .. JpV • lalpallf"" :.:tar

... ...,.,. 1Hl .... .. .... .... ...

10)-1 H·1

""' 110-6 7r1 ... I 17 .. U·i ... 11·1 U·l

6·1

,~ .... .r1 H-1 .... 16-7 M·t .. I IH·7 18·1 ~-7 11·1 11·1 ll·t ll·t 1·1

.... llala

II .. 11·7 4·t 7·1 7·1

21·6' 61·1 ···4. 24·1. 411-i· 16·6 • .... :W·I. 1·1· 1·7·

J'emale

U·l 11·4 4·7.

11·1. 1·1.

17·6. 10-1. t0·6. 16·1 r.r.-6. 11!·0 .· r.l·l. 12·1·

1-o· ....

.. ... , Zi·l r.s-o 23·1 H·i 11·4 fl·l

"'' h·l ., .. ... 7 11·1 lrl ••

1H1 ....... ... 14·4 6i·l 11·1 :U·i If>· I 811-1

106·1 44·1 •·• tr.·4 16-1

4·6 8·7

111U

Jlale

2CI·I 20·11 25-o. 111·7. 17·1. 27-o. 76·8. 811·1 . 43·11. 23·7 I·· 4·1.

18'1 ll·6 2·1·

J'emale

28·1 1!5·4 25·7 23·6 UHI at·• 111·8 46-CI 1!9·8 1!8·1

1·8 6·8

16·7 8·0

•7

1HI

l'emale

13·1 67·8 n-o 8&·4 U·l n·• 86·1 tO·O U·l 11·1 89·6 18·1

11·1 6·1 •·•

Male

8&·1 37·1 14·1 12·0 111·7 81!·1 88·2 62·1 6CI·8 89·8 10·8 26·6 •·• 8·8

INl

TABLE 17.2

11141

Kale

81·1 104·1

06·7 107-o

77·1 11·7 llli·t 184·8 41·8 76·8 71i·S 'l't)ot 81·1 62·1 18·1

J'emale

3CI·6 41·0 lS·ll 18·11 l!i•O tO·Ii 88·1 69·8 46·2 49•8 26·0 27·6

4·1 6·0

J'emala

10Q-6 1l!l!·t 103·1 126·8 16·0 79·1

167·1 101·8 8•·o 88·1 87·7 87·6 77·8 64·6 8·t

llale

85·7 82·8

CI·O 11·2 80·8 23·1 6~·11

107•7 88·8 8<H 16·0 23·8 10·1

8·7 1·t

II ale

14·0 31·6 24·6 111-1 27·1 26·6 '1'¥-o 81·1 8~·6 13·1 10<8 11·0 11·1

4·r. t·O

111411

11146

J'emale

U·ll 36·1 86·4 U·1 2<1'6 Zi·7 711-3 88·1 26·1 16·CI 11·8 2~·$ 10·2

4·11 8·1

Female_

88·8 311·0

6·8 13·8 83·0 26·CI 71·11

112•7 87•8 42·7 17-11 24·9

11·7 6·1 1·0

Jlala

111·6 II· I 2·1 6·1 7·1

21H 81•1 30·0 61·4

11-8 lH

11·0 8·8 li·O :11·11 ..

11146

J'emala

17·1 11·4

8·1 16·3

11100

11-l 21-tJ 711·8 l!t1•1 lll!·r. 11·1

8·4 10·8

3·1 • 2·0 3·0

,..--------Kale J'emale

47·1 49·6 66·8 03·11 10·4 10·7 11H 21-1 l!0·7 l!O·II l!6·7 l!7·1 l!7·1 111·4 ~~~-~~ 117·3 8:il·ll 7<!·8 ll:t·6 811-7 19·0. 19·6 41·7 tY·1 61HI 11~·4 12·3 l~·il

•·• a·•

DEATII RATE FROM ••FEVER" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50 (Fever includes Malaria, Kala-azar, Blackwater fever, Measles, Relapsing fever, Cerebrospinal fever,

lnftuenza. Enteric croup of fevers, Typhus, and ' Other fevers ' of some of which death rates are given aeparatel7 else':"'here.)

,-

........... ,..,.. __

.......... 1\eal ...

:=::: II ......a. ........... ~. ,._ .. ........... ..- .. .. _, .. WAJ ... , ........... =~

""""' ror 11141-60 11141 11142 1943 11144 11146

.. l!t kl Till .... .. , an lfl4 ....I l:..S .-.1 171 '~ till en ...

.. , eat 7117 144 61!3 428 Zi>O t48 118 729 '~

'"" 117 471 WI ..

11141

I'~

664 ,.,.. 1111 fU ••• ttl 170 tM 144 -"" 760 1118 t70 ill

II ala

491 661 149 f>71 r.oo ItO 1<!4 8115

114 739 170 IHO '~ r.7t 671

J'emale

621! 006 690 1116 f>98 tn 1119 416

78 77t CI<!CI 7611 741 f>49 r.68

Kale • Female

611 t311 11116 669 622 406 211 428 186 708 fll7 806 6911 6&7 r.61

641 467 728 619 647 441 200 452 120 740 706 6117 700 669 626

11147 1948

Kale

&IS ~ 777 811 1171 177 ZltO t51 lU Tot 740 1118 671 tit 661

l'emala

646 1138 t<l3 161 II II 418 261 460 141 721 7~ 816 61!1 417 6a8

Male

488 6111 766 IIIII 66l! 36e 268 428 129 144 722 743 ono 871 it II

Male

620 819 737 61111 489 418 266 469 127 <01 776 808 676 644 640 · ..

l'emale

614 ou; 7<18 Oil()

699 .. )8 278 443 131 6611 740 736 6119 858 r.211

Female

632 646 761 812 600 tot 264 4211 •108 il4 '1711 804 664 41!11 638

Male

484 670 786 013 629 871 278 ll>l8 124 671 727 734 7!11 8113 478

Male · - Female

683 11<!3 837 660 631 4ao 266 41!9 161 806 1!42 866 631 662 612

11141

•emale

616 626 812 677 678 414 2110 t07 115 11<!7 743 748 601 ... ~ '"

608 716 857 11<!7 861 4116 271 492 1211 830 8511 1!62 636 1160 f><j()

lllale Female

636 6U3 1!03 667 676 876 232 446 Ull 754 7:t<! 8t6 6Y<! 672 006

Male

,5& 6a6 1111 IIIZ 622 347 1W 8116 100 1101 1179 701 1113 8>1, 470

11160

J'emale

'77 6711 1140 1171> bi!J a"3 170 407

Y& aa;, IIIII U1 61\4 ~7

"'

TA;BLE 17.3_·

DEATH RATE FROM "SMALL-}>OX" PER l,OOODEATHS F~OM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941·50

WesL Bengal Burdwan , Blrbbum Bankura Mldnapur. Hooghly Howrab 24· Parganaa Calcutta Nadia • )I urshldabad Maida. • West Dlnajpur .Jalpalgurl Darjeellng Coocb Behar

West Bengal Burdwan • Blrbbum • Bankura· • Mldnapur. Hooghly Howrab • 24·Parganaa Calcutta Nadia • Murshldabad Maida • West Dlnajpur .Jalpalgurl Darjeeling Coocb Behar

Average fur 1941·60

Male

19·0 14

7 11

6 22 63 19 67

9 II 8 9 1 s

Female

20·7 17

7 11

5 21> 60 21 711 10 10 9

11 1 1

1946 ~ Male Female

11·3 36 14 7 0•7

10 17

7 3

17 19

6 20 0·3 1

12·7 45 11 6 0·7 9

20 8 4

18 19

7 23 0·2 0·2

Male

24·2 18

6 3 3

. 22 60 29

.126 6 s 8 1

0·4

. •,

1941

Female

24·1 20

6 4 3

23 62 31

126 6 c

10 1

1947

Male

2·8 7 7 0·3 0·2 1

10 4 4 0·2 0·3 2 0·4 0·2

Male Female

7·6 7 2 •8

1 3 9 2

42 3 1 s

16 0·3 4

9·6. 7 2 1·0 1 3 7 2

65 3 2 1

18 0·2 2

1942

Female

8-1 7 6 0·6 0·1 1

13 6 4 0·3 1 2 1

0·6

1948

1943

Male·

3·6 6· 1 0·1 0·8 1 6 7

26 2 4 1

-2 1 1

~-···.

Male Female

20·0 8 4 6 4

11 46 13 95 4 2

11 2 0·4 4

21·1·' 10

4 6 4

13 42 12

110 6 2

11 3

TABLE 17·4

1944

Female Male · Female .---- .. ,. -·-- --, -8·7 6 2

0·7 2 8 4

26 2 4' 0·2 2 1 0·2

81·7 6 6 4 II

so '120

80 127

' 17 4 4

24 6 2

. 84-11

. ' : 4 II

.. 36 • 140 •· 36 . 158 '. ·18

3 4

28 ·a

2

11149. ~~-.

Male Female-·

8·3·. 2 0·3 •4

2 8 8 4

13 2 1 0·3

1

..

3·3'. 2

·:2 . 1 2 7 4

lD 3 1 0•5

1

u .. :: .

Male

61·0 46 27 71 111 87

188 71 811 11 42 21

8 8 6

1114&

J'emale

66·0 57 28 81

. 21 98

· ··15& 76

114' .. 14•

46 26 10 1 4

11150 ---..A----. Male

'81·11. '18 '6 . II ·u .. '48 ·sa '111 101 "28 •10 16 7 1 8

Femalo

. 36·6 . 2 .. , . e·

•12 66 88 16

123 32 16 16 8 1 6

DEATH RATR FROM "PLAGUE" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM-ALL CAUSES BY SEX 1941-50 '

West Bengal Burdwan • Blrbbum • Bankura • :MJdnapur. Hooghly • Howran • 24-Parganaa Calcutta • Nadia • Murshldabad Maida • • West Dlnajpnr • J'alpal~url , Darjeellng. Coocb Behar

West Bengal Burdwan • Birbbum • Bo.nkura • Midnapuf. HOO!.fllly • Howrab • U·Parganaa Calcutta • liadla • )t ursbldabad Maida • • ViE>st Dlna;pur • JaJpAiJZuri • J•arjt"'t'linS!'. I;Ooo!t llel.or

Average for 11141·50

Male

•03

:s

Kale

-61

·1

Female

·01

•1

11146

Female

1941

Male

·005

·1

Kale

·03

"·i

Female

•005

·1

1947

Male

Female

·01

•1

1942 11148

Female Male Female Male Female

•01 ·004

.. .. ·04

. . .. ..

• • I 1948 111411'-

,..~~ ... ~-Kale Female Kale .. Female

•1 •02 ·2 •1 ·1

-os . . •l

:2 ·4

•& •1 1·8 :6

:i

1114&.

Kale Female

., . , .,

., ..

., ... .,

Kale

. •02:

...

. .

11160

Female

TABLE 17.5

. DEATII RATE FROM ••DYSENTERY, DIARRHOEA AND ENTERIC GROUP OF FEVERS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 19-U-50

..... 1&-8 60-8 zo.a 61·6 63·6

111·1 1i*l

72·6 lZ6·1 14·1 18·1 17·1 !3·1 63·1 &6-G

Kale

81·8 18·6

8·1 87·1 &ti·S

106·0 lf>H

06·1 136·7

1!6-11 1!6·8 BJ·8 17·7 82·1 68·8

·--17"8 6 .... 17·8 62·6 7:.-1

12i·l 169·8

72·6 133 ..

2%·6 17·6 U·6 20·1 68·1 76-G

1161

l'emale

11!·1 80·1 8·1

80·7 6(;·7

124·3 173·8

7()o1 155·6

2%"1 1!7·6 81·6 u-o &8·8 77·8

lNl

l'emale

1111-G t:i!·l a8·8 76·1 73·6

107·1 1i>H

68·1 111·6

U•6 u-o lZ·l 1(;·1 33·6 82·6

)(ale

118·1 .... 10·1 89·1 78·8

120·3 171·1 o•-8

es·8 63·1 31·6 73·1 6H

122·0 172·6

1111·6 106·1

12·6 1ll-7 10·1 13·8 28·8 77-t

1167

12&·6 23·1 17·1 U·S 80·8 411·1 . 8tl-6

ll&le l'emale

87•6 W·S 63·8 61·0 68·8

118·8 187·0

73·1 136•1

21·1 U·l 1(;·8 21·8 20·11 711·11

Female

70·7 ·3·5 12·6 66·6 77·8

137·1 190·6

05·8 142·7

2&·6 17-:il 12·1 81·8 67·8 67·1

1111·0 66·7 31·7 63·1 1111·3

131·11 206·7

72·6 137·6

13·1 20·1 13·1 16·1 17·2 60·1

)(ale

72·8 62·0 U·ll 66·0 83-G

12.·0 100·0

611·0 123·2

89·8 26·6 16·0 21·0 113·8 90·1

11168

TABLE 17.6

Male

111'1 60·8 27·6 &r.·7 2;i·6

U1·S 172·1 88·0

141·8 13·2 10·6 12·7 l!l·l 80·1 113·11

Female

76·1 61·7 18·1 60·6 80·11

167·7 167·1

70·1 122·3

38·1 26·11 13·11 14-1 Ga·ll 81·8

1163

l'emale

71 .. 69·1 l!r.·O 61·1 8>!·11

1311·8 117·8

81·11 136·7

11·2 1·0

11·8 18·0· 27·1 78·7

)(ale

74·0 66·8 12·0 46·3 8&·0

133·1 137·11 76·6

132·3 42·11 22·11 111·3 3&·3 78·0 80·7

Ill«

)(ale

63•0

·~·· 1<1-$ 66·8 79·15

Uo·8

Female

61•8 60·11 U·3 611·1 7S·S

127·7 1i><!·2

4W·6 111·1

20·3 IH 11·6

U·l 311·1 811·8

Female

73·8 33·11

8·11 65·1 86·7

137·6 146·11

69·3 152·4

36·0 18·8 13•3 2\1-ll 8&·6 6&·11

171·1 011·0

1111·0 IN•

11·8 -,.r, 11·6

a8·2 70·7

Kale

6t•S .... 11·8 60-0 66·1 III·S

1811·0 1'>11·1

100·8 111·8 111-r> 17·6 U·l 68·2 117·8

Kale

78·3 66·6 16·8 60·3 711-6

114·2 138·8

ti6·:S 127-ll

60·1 38·6 18·8 68·6 96·11 63·11

1166

Female

r..·s 60·7

11·8 &:t·ll 6;1·8

1tl:.·3 1j3·8

67·2 111·ll

111·3 1;·8 li·7 U·& &11-1 88·7

Female

81·7 63·& U·6 60·1 71·6

130·6 Hll·6

110·11 H7·tl

6&·2 36·3 1f>·6 67·0 111·11 1!1'6

DEATII RATE FROM .. RESPIRATORY DISEASES OTHER THAN T. B. OF LUNGS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941-50

............ Bardwu. lllrbbaiD • 1\aniLva MldnapV HUOIIhiJ Howrall ••·Parcr-

•

•

(al ... - • I'..Sia • )lqnhJ4abM

M...,.. • • WM DtaaJpar • Jalpalorvt

~~

)(ale

85·1 7&·0 27·6 68·7 70-G .....

133·11 70·7

1&8·7 10·7 16-7 1!6-t

Ul-7 1j7•7

70·1

)(ale

111-8 7t-a u .. ~1

1os-r 167 .. ISl .. li ..

I <If .. 14·7 u-o U·l

137·1 1103·1 U·l

l'emale

80·8 46·2 17·8 42·6 46·6 tl·8 116·2 68·8

133·1 18-t u-o 17•2

102·6 168·1

76-o

111&1

l'emale

eo-a .... U·l &6·8 67 .. 82·6 e.-a 46-7

158·6 17·1 lOol 11·1

lOH 166-1

N-7

11161

)(ale

lot·• 10f>·8

6 ... 8 86·7

1011-l 171-1 171·11

Female

71·11 70·1 40·6 63·8 63·4

110·5 180·6

211·7 12-8 20·6

108-Q 20&·6

80-o

Kale

110·7 77·1 20·1 72·8 88·6

137•8 U!·6

67·6 170·6 8!·6 18·0 2%·1 1~·1 116·6 U·i

109·8 129·0

63·8 U5·6

25·7 8·1

20·& 102·8 161·7

78·8

111'7

)(ale

100·7 85·7 60·11 77·3 93·7

169·8 1&8·1

113·4 187·7

62·8 18·3 67·11

146·6 200·7

117·7

l'emale

63·7 411·1 10·2 40·8 66·2 8:>·8

101·4 &2·8

152"8 18·1

11-6 lo-8 111-7

163·1 78·1

Female

87-li 61·6 36·3 48·11 65·8

107·4 122·3 18&·6 176·6

20·6 16·8 46·4

136•1 146·8 62·3

11168

Kale

88•11 418•8 23·7 118•8 7!1-Q

12r.1 130·11

t:i!-8 US·&

84·2 111·11 88·6

135-G 215·8 111·7

11168

)[ale

06·8 68·1 26·4 49·2 40·0

1311·2 1011·1

65·1 145·7

23·8 13·1 •l3·S

127·8 179·1

611·8

Female

80·0 87·3 13·6 a9·3 46·0 80·1 liS· II 38·8

122·6 )6•7

8·S 22·8

108·11 178·8 63·11

Female

46·7 35·7 17·8 33·2 27·3 115•6 79·11 34·8

113·8 16·6 10·11 36·1

111·4 18&·11

76·2

Kale

88·8 72·8 2()o1 06·8 71·6

12/l·l 136·6 ... , 149·11

29·1 18·8 311·0

180·6 218-G 1!8·6

11144

)[ale

74·6 68·2 111·8 06·4 68·11

Female

148·8 116·1

02·& 147·6

22·8 16•0 U·6 83·0

186·1 68·6

Female

67·6 62·11 11-11 85·8 60·0 78·2 110·8 36·6

127·4 l!r.·O

7·0 17·8

104·8 177.0

77-G

62·11 811·8 12·4 &2·2 41·11 116·6 79·7 39·0

126·2 a·• 13·8 18·0 76·4

162·7 70·11

.Male

88·1 70·4 24·7 77·1 lla·7

148·8 124·6

65·6 166•8

88·8 18·1 18·0

109·7 202·7

78·3

Hale

88·7 81·41 16·11 611·4 07·11

122·7 168-0

6a·8 136·0

28·7 . 20·2

84·2 122·3 '166·8· "611·11"

1946

Female

111-11 39·11 U•O 66·11 62·8 112·1 711·7 46•3

137·11 27·3 86·8

8·11 101·3 160•4

73·1

Female

511·2 46·11 10"0 37·4 3\1·4 110·6

1U:i·l 3:i·li

11~·6 17·6 12·6 13·11

10~·6 lU·II

70·1

TABLE 17.7

DEATH RATE FROM "SUICIDE" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEXi1941·50 Average for

1941-50 1941 1942 1943 1944 1946

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Jl.ala Female Jl.ale Female

West Bengal 2·5 2·6 2·4 2·9 2·7 3·2 1·9 1·9 1·9 1·7 1H 2·6 Durdwan • 2·1 2·3 2·5 3·1 2·2 3·0 1·6 1·4 1-8 1·4 2·8 2·4 liirbhum 1·6 1·4 1·7 2·8 2·8 2·9 1·2 1·0 1·4 HI 1·2 1·0 Bankura 2·6 2·5 2·7 2·9 2·9 S·1 2·1 1·2 2·S 2·1 1·9 3·2 Midnapur. 1·4 1·4 1·8 1·6 1·4 1·5 1·0 1·0 1·1 1·2 1·6 1·6 Hooghiy 4·8 6·0 6·5 7·1 5·0 6·8 6·1 6·2 3·1 4·4 3·4 4·7 Howrah 5·1 6·1 4·3 5·5 6·1 5·7 6·2 6·3 4·6 2·5 4·9 4·7 24-Parganaa 4·6 6·2 4·0 6•8 4·6 7·3 S·2 4·0 2·3 8·1 3·3 6·3 Calcutta 1·8 1·5 1·0 0·4 1·3 1·0 0·3 0·2 1·S 1·1 2·4 1·8 Nadia 2·0 2·2 1·0 1·0 1·3 1·0 1·0 0·2 1·1 1·0 1·8 1·7 Mur•hidabad 2·0 2·2 1·8 1·7 2·3 2·1 1·3 1·4 1·7 1·6 2·3 2·2 Maida 2·0 2·1 2·0 1·7 1·7 1·4 3·1 3·1 1·1 1·0 1·3 1·0 West Dlnajpnr • 1·6 1·5 2·2 2·2 2·0 • 1·2 1·6 1·6 1·0 !-6 1·6 1·3 Jaipaigurl 1·8 1·0 1·0 1·2 1·6 1·0 1·0 1·0 1·0 1·0 1·0 0·6 Darjeeiing 3·6 1·6 2·7 1·0 2·2 1·0 3·1 0·4 8·2 2·2 8·6 1·0 Cooch Behar

1948 1947 1948 1949 1960 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Mala Female

West Bengal 2·7 3·0 2·5 2·6 2·8 3·0 3·1 8·3 8·0 8·1 Bnrdwan • 2·2 2·5 2·1 1·8 2·0 2·1 2•6 8·2 1·6 2·9 Birbhum • 1·0 1·4 1·9 1·8 1•8 1·7 2·3 1·6 1·7 1·2 llankura 8·2 2·9 2·6 2·1 2·2 2·1 3·1 8·7 s-o 2·2 Midnapur: 1·3 1·9 1·6 1·8 1·7 1·8 2·0 1·6 1·6 1·2 Hooghiy • 4·1 6·4 6·6 4•9 6·4 6·9 6•6 7·1 6·1 7·0 Howrab 5·4 7·3 4·5 4·6 4•4 4•6 4·2 4·1 7·1 7·4 24·Pargan~s 4·3 5·9 3·3 6·.1 3•6 6·2 4·3 7·7 6·2 6·4 Calcutta 2·4 1·4 2•0 2·8 2·5 2·8 8·1 2·4 2·6 2·1 Nadia 8·0 3·0 8·2 2·6 2·1 4·8 4·0 6·6 8·8 6·8 Murahldab~ 1·6 2·4 2'1 8·1 8·9 3·2 2·1 3·0 2·8 3·9 Maida 2·0 1•6 2•11 1·6 2·9 3·1 2·4 ,.3 1·9 8·2 West Dinajpur • 1'0 1'8 1•4 1'7 1'6 1•7 2•6 t·6 2'6 1'0 Jaipaigurl • 8·7 1·7 1·0 1·0 1·4 1·0 1·8 1·0 1·0 1-D Darjeeling 3·4 1·0 8·2 2·2 4·8 2·3 6·9 8·9 8·9 1·2 Cooch Behar

TABLE 17.8

DEATH RATE FROM "CHILD BIRTH" PER 1,000 FEMALE DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES, 1941·50

West Bengal Burdwan • Birbhum • Bankura • Midnapur. Hooghiy • Howrab • 24·Parganas Cakutta • Nadia • Murshldabad Maida . • West Dinajpur • Jalpai~<Uri •. Darjeelin~ Cooch Behar

West Bengal 1\ttrd ....... Birbhum • Bau..,ura )l1dnapur. Hoo,zhly • Howrab • 2l·P&I1lanas l'akuu.& • :Sadia M UT>hldabad !ib.lda • • west Dtnaj pur • Jalpai!luri • Uu)eelillll • Coo<"!• l'eh&r

0

• •

A. verage for 1941-60

16·6 16·2 11·0 13·0 17·9 20·8 11·2 14·2

9·9 11·0 8·3

16·8 34-Q 61·5 23·8

1946

19•1 16·8 9·8

17-o 22·8 20·6 13'8 16·4 15-D U·S 8·8

14·3 34·1 60·7 2:1·,

1941 1942

20·6 20·1 20·1 19·5 17•5 19·5 18·3 16·9 26·0 22·4 27-1 27·7 19·7 15·2 18·6 17·7

8·5 2·9 6·6 4·3 6·7 9·2

23·6 86·3 35·9 38·0 63·7 57·2 23·5 29·2

1947

16o6 17•0

9·1 13·0 18·7 18·5 8·8

14·2 l)ol

12·7 8·7

19·2 35·2 62·8 26·7

1943

10·0 11·4 8·2 9·2 8·9

18·1 9·9

14·2 1·6 4·2 8·6

16·4 85·8 37·3 21·0

1948 1949

!1·1 22·6 19·6 22-8 15·6 15·0 13·3 16·9 22·6 20·5 24·2 23·6 10-9 10·4 17·7 19·8 15·2 17·6 23·1 22·4 16·5 13·0 19·9 22·11 SH t5·5 152·8 78·2 24·2 ss-e

19«

10·4 8·6 5·3 7·5

11·3 15·1 10·1 8·1 8·9 7·0 6·4

10·4 22·9 29·6 18·6

1946

15·0 13·9 9·4

11·8 · 18·7 14·2 11·2 13·3 11·2 11·4 s-o

12-9 SD-5 38·0 23-Q

1960

Je-7 16·\1 8·1

11·9 19·4 18·1 6·3

14·8 12·1 13·8 1!·2 13·7 29-1 66·2 l8·S

TABLE 17.9

DEAnl RATE i"ROM ":P.L\LARIA•• PER 1,000 DEATHS FR0!\1 ALL CAUSES BY SEX, 1941·50

............ l'...t--. .....-.. ........... )(14-~. H.,...hlr. H_.... 14-P..­l~. Jhdla • )(.~ )(aida WM DI-Jpu. Jal.,.-...n 1-..,-uac c-atwbar

...... llftpl llerdwaa • (Ur"""• Kank•ra • )(;.t-~. Hnuorhtr. Howrala U-Pa.­l'&IMIU. 0

'11&418 • )(anblclat.4 )(aida • • w ... DinaJpu. .lalpaltnlrt Dw~llntr ()oot'll !Iebar

.... 131·7 106-l t"$-1 .. ~ IU·I 111-4

t6-7 li8-l 40-8

127·7 IN· I 14!·1 llr.·l ·~·9 167 ..

~

1184 I»-I 4-i7·l l-1%·1 2~ ~

97 .. ..... 14·1

117 .. t<.IZ·5 1.19-7 2~:!·1 11!9-t ltl0-7

lllt8 .... - ... _.. I4H 11W-I t79-9 1!>7·8 121·1 1&9-8 118-CI HI· I 40·7

136-4 Btl!· I 14f>·t l!><e-t 23& .. llo4t·7

25S·8 126-t

·~·· 103·1 252·7 1113-t 11&·1 162·1 87-t

541·1 831·7 148·1 804·7 237·8 227·1

.... 111·1 aM-I 117·1 104·1 249-l 239-0 10-5 110-1 16-1

213-1 441 .. 8541·1 226·1 200.-t Ut-I

1N1

U!-t Sto&·t -.. 2J1·7 2"-l·O 2111-1 ~~ ..

100·t Ia·7

108·1 475-t lo!o!·l 2U·8 205·1 2U·t

Male

!:M·6 S.l&-8 S3IHI 111oH U~<·7 2411-G

t!>-8 116-7

6:1!·6 ~-8 8611·6 8411-11 843·t 191·8 2fo4t·8

1H7

Jlala

206-1 11111·9 t32·0 UH·O 208·8 187·0 104·8 108·1 35·t

4111·1 801•t 828·7 180·11 197·8 U6·1

. l'emale

220·8 2111·8 444·2 213·1 227·9 202·7 111·8 111·11 32-t

478·1 817-l! 334·5 ·~·6 208·t 2U·8

1NI

.. ..... 233-t S-<3·0 1411-7 240-6 2<3·6 2<6·6

43·1 136-8

4lNt Si!4·8 3~1-6 346-2 3:.!11-6 193·3 286·6

Jlala

192·8 216·2 860·0 189·8 l!tl3·t 186·t 116·5 114·1

30·7 448·4 291·6 300·3 188·11 196·2 196•6 ..

1HS 1844

Jlale

284·1 414·8 M1·1 2<6-8 21111·1 2115··

....... • Male ....... 21111-G 60;-s 634-ll 2iO·S 344·2 2"8·3 10Ni 171·7

114·&

N·8 U8·6 66-8

195-G 391·11

'"'"' SOti·S ltti·S 2114·7

Female

205·1 239·1 368·9 216·8 222·6 214·9 127·8 116·7

211-t t60·2 302·t 286·8 196·2 192·· 1611·6 -

276·9 442·3 S40ol 31111-1 314•6 29l!·8

&1·6 1S6·6

40·8 184-t St!<-4 IH5·9 337·2 1&6·3 2tH·6

lolale

1118·2 219·11 42&·1 213·9 173·7 190·7 134-li 113·7

32·2 447·11 321·1 340·8 111·2 183·11 166·!1 ..

279-1 4<9-7 684·t 230-CI 3~t·o 271)-4 105·8 161·4 74·6

161-t 00)6·1 241·8 203·8 161-8 315·8

1HII

13<1·8 r.ttl-7 2111·7 204·6 1S6·1 2111-t

Female.

218·7 264·8 461·2 244·6 196·4 218·7 148·7 117·7

24·8 4S0·8 3a7·8 366·6 106·8 171·8 148·1 -

TABLE 17.10

JWe

2fl7·7 S.'>IH 11<13·11 17$·4 2t141·1 196·4

117·4 13:!·:1

47·6 33~·6 MG·6 !ie-4 23<!·t 214·11 283·11

Mal•

167·8 161·1 867·8 182·1 142·11 131•11 80·4

101·11. 20·8

371-7: 244·1 820·6

98·0 144-11: 166·6.

19U

11150

Female

2.-<S·1 3~1·7 111~·4 l!ol0-4 211~·· 21,·1 102·1 145·1 40·0

26-f·l b;v-t 2~2-8 24ol·l 2~&·1 260·7

Female

187·& 1711·1 S<lll·t 218·8

. 165·0 1611·1

611·6 104·0

111·& 3>'0•1 254·· 822·&

96·& 137-11 161·2

llEATII RATE FROM .. KALA·AZAR" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES BY SEX,1941·50

............ _. ___ 0

llarbMa 0

lieu.,. • )(-~· tt ...... , • .. _..... ... r..-, __ ........ . 111• .......... lllalda • 0 ..... Dlaal,.. J~ .... .,..uM ~ .....

.A...,rap ror 1Nl-60

Mal•

•• 4·6 ·II .. ·7

10-G 1-1 •·1 •• i-7 11·6

11-1 t8·6 e-o

1H

8·· 1 .. .. ..

·7 u-o 1 .. •·1

1H ... tt·l u-o 7·1 1·1

I +I

l'emale

•·7 1·6 ·6 ·I ·I

7·1 1-t 1-G 6·8 4·1 8·1 8·7

16·7 •·• lt-4

••• •·• ·1 ·1 .. .,

1-o ... 7·1 ... •I •• 10-1 1·1

1 .. 1 . ..

1941

lolale

11-1 1·6 ·I .. ·8

8·0 1·4 1·0 •·8 11·1 7·7

lS·O 82-CI

8·& 17-7

••• 11-t ..., .. .. 11·11

1·8 I· I 8·1 8·7

16-7 17·1 71·1 It-t IH

Female

1·11 1·7 ·4 .. ·8

6·1 2·0 2·8 2·11 8·0 &·8

13·4 28·1

2·7 11-t

1H7

llale

6·2 2·1 ·S ·2 ·2

11·2 ·8

4·8 4·6 •·e 8·6

111-6 89-7 ••• 24·8

Female

8-t t-8 ..

-(17 ·2

U·2 1·11 1-o 8·7 7·1 8·7

11·1 61·1 9-l

li·l

1942

Female

3·11 2·0

·8 ·3 ·2

•·8 ·6

8·6 3·0

. 2·9 7·2

13·11 27·1

8·0 l&·t

lolale

8·11 8·41 1·6 .. ..

16·8 2·1 6·6 11-4 11·6

16-ll 11·11 83"6 8-t

18·8

1H8

1943

lolale

3·6 2·0

Female

·1 ·4 ·2 ·7

ll·t 2·6 8·t 3·8 4·7

11>·7 4&·7

4·S 26··

Female

••• 8·8 1·4 ..

·1 12·0 ..

8·6 11·8 8·& 6·11 8·7

lill·l 7•7

U-6

2·7 1·1 •2 ·2 •Oii ·6

2·7 1·11 2·11 2·8 8·2

13·& 31·1 2·8

16·11

lolale

7·7 11·7 1-4 .. 1·6

18·8 4·8 6-t 7·8 4·6 &·II

10-t 411·7

7·6 lt·7

1946

lolale

8·11 1·&

Female

·1 ·8 ·3

6·8 1·1 2·& 6·0 8·11 8·6 6·8

26·3 3·&

21·8

Female

41·2 •• HI •8

1·1 1S·4 8·t 4·8 8·6 1·9 4·8 8-t

"· ... 7-6

2·8 1"1

·1 ·2 ·1

3·& ·II

2·0 8·8 8·0 4·0 8·6

18·6 2·8

19·4

.Male

11·6 2·6 ·8 ·1 •4

8·11 1·8 8·8 , .. &·4

11·8 8·8

• 42·3 6·&

• 17·4· ..

1946

Female

4·& 1·7 .oe •ll ·2 .. , ·8

2·7 6·2 6·8 8·11 &·9

28·4 6·8

17-1

11150 .... 11-1 • 41·11 ,., • ·6 1·&

U·t I·& o6·6 6·2 o6·6 8·4 8·1

11·6 ••• ~-· . . ..

l"emale

6·1 1·8 .. •I ..

l2·ll 1·9 •·7 •·a ••• 4·1 7·1

12-4 a .... ....

'''1 5

TABLE 17.11

DEATH RATE FROM "TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES, 1941-50 ·

West Bengal Burdwan. Birbbum Bankura Midnapur Hoogh.ly Howrab 24·Pargall&8 Calcutta Nadia . Murshidabad Maida . • West Dinajpur • J al paiguri · Darjeeliug Couch Dettar

West Bengal Burdwan Birbbum Bankura Midnapur Hooghly Howrab 24·Parganas Calcutta Nadia Mursh.ldabad Maida • West Dinajpur Jalpaigurl Darjeeling Coocb Dehar

Average for 1941·60

r--·~ Male Female

21-6 21·4 10·7 21·7 11·7 26·0 34·7 19·6 68·6

6·6 5·8 8·3 6·8

24·2 63·2

12·7 6·0 2·7 6·8 2·6

10·2 19·6

11·4 66·4

1·4 1·3 1·1 2·1

14·2 51·6

1946 ~

Male Female

22·2 23·11 10·8 24·6 H·1 24·8 33·3 23·7 70·9

6·9 6·2 2·8 6·1

17·1 42·0

12·3 6·5 2·4 4·9 2·6 8·5

18·6 11·6 73·8 1·4 ·"1 "1

2·1 10·4 55·8

Male

25·0 23·11 111·5 23·8 13·0 32·8 39·7 21-f, 75·8

4·6 5·8 2·7 6·5

21·5 48·6

1941

Female

16·2 7·5 5·5 5·11 3·3

12·0 27·9 10·4 9~·1

1·4 2·4 1·7 2·6

10·1 4a·1

Male

24•0 24·1 14·9 24·7 11·2 29·5 42-3 22·6 82·8

3·7" 5·8 3·9 5·2

21·0 48·0

1947 ~

Male Female

24·6 24·2/

9•4 23"1

13·7 22·1 37·3 24·11 66·9

7-7 7·6 3·4 4•4

29·3 65·7

14·4 5·8 2·2 4·1 2·2 9·0

20·7 12·5 71·8 2·3 2·0 1·4 2·3

17·8 60·3

1942 1943

Female Male

14·4 14·11

Female

8·0 4·7 1·6. 2·8 1·1 11·2

U·2 7·1 4·1 6·3 2·9

13·7 26·5

9·7 103·6

1·5 1·8 1·0 3·4 9·0

65·0

6·5 11·4

5·2 24·0 23·8

. 11·2 47·2 2·8 2·5 3·4· 6·6

16·4 U·6

1948 ,...---....A---

Male Female

26·3 26·1 13·4 23·7 14·3 26·6 37·1 24·0 68·0

8·5 8·6 5·3 5·11

43·3 68·11

15·3 6·5 3·7 6·7 3·7 9·7

21·2 10·7 62·6 2·4 2·0 1·1 1·11

22·2 66·6

18·2 4·8

50·5 "1•0 0·6 1·2 1·11

. 11·2 45·7

TABLE 17.12

Male

15·9 14·9

6·6 16·7

8·7 21·7 27·0 12·5 48·11 8·9 5·3 1·11 4·9

12·8 43-1

1944

Female

9·2 4·7 2·0 4·9 1·11 7·6

13·6 6·2

53·8 H! 1·0 0·6 1·5 6·8

44·4

1949

Male Female

27·1 24·2 12·3 25·4 15·11 29·3 41·7 26·6 62·7

8·1 8"4 4·7 11·4

44·5 70·2

15·6 6·6 2·6 6·9 3·0

13·1 25·8 10·5 66·0

1·6 2·0 1•3 2·4

30·7 65·2 .. -.

Male

19·7 18·6 10·8 23·6 11-7 20·6 38"4 19·2 li6·7 5·1 6·1 2·2 ,.2 9·6

43·'

11145

Female

11·0. 4·, 2·1i. ,.6 2·6 11·1

19·7 10·1 61·, 1·0 1·2

"1 'l!-1 8·9 U·1

1950 ~

Male Female

26•5 24·4

9·8 29·6 17·7 83-1 41·6 24·2 48·2 10·0 9·1 6·9 6·3

43·9 61·1

16·4 7·3 2·11 8•( 4·8

11·2 16·7 18·0 65·9

•1 1-7·. 0·5 1·11

82·8 61·9

DEATH RATE FROM "SNAKE BITES" PER 1,000 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSI!.S ·BY SEX, 1941-50

Average for 1941·50 1941 1942 1943 1944 : . 1945

Male Female 1Maie Female Male Female Male Female Male Female ....

Male Female

West Bengal 3·9 3·7 4·8 4·3 4·7 4·6 2·2 2·1 2·8 2·8 8·5 3·6 Burdwan • 4-ll 4·2 7·1 4·6 6·1 5·0 2·9 3·9 3·4 3·8 4·1 4·0 Birbbum 2·6 2·6 3·6 2·6 4·5 4•1 1·8 2·1 1·8 -2·0 2·1 3·0 Baukura 4•2 4"5 6"1 5"7 4"9 6"2 2"7 2•9 3•7 8•6 3"4 3"8 Miduapur. 6•1 4·1 6·4 4·7 6·7 4·5 1·11 1·5 4·0 4·2 6·6 4·6 Hooghly 6·1 6·4 8·7 8·7 4·9 7·2 6·6 5·6 3·7 4·4 6·6 4·9 Howrab 2·5 2·1 8·4 1·8 3·9 3·6 1·2 24-Parganu

1·3 1·8 1·5 2·2 Nl 5·8 5·1 7·2 6·6 8·3 7·3 2·9 3·0 3·7 3·4 6·5 4·2

l'alcutta 0·4 0·2 ·2 ·09 0·4 0·1 ·4 ·1 Nadia 4·0 4·5 4·4 8·4 2·9 4·2 2·5 2·0 3·4 2·11 8·2 4•7 Mun~Wdabad 3·6 4·6 4·5 6·1 3·5 3·2 1·8 1·3 2·8 2·8 3·5 6·3 Maida 6·2 6·1 6·2 7·0 West DinaJpur :

9·2 12·9 4·4 2·2 3·1 2·2 3·7 4·2 4·3 5·8 3·5 3·5 5·4 6·0 6·2 6·6 3·9 3·8 3·2 5·3

Jalpal~'llri • 1·7 1·2 1·7 ·9 1·9 1·3 1·0 ·8 ·7 ·7 1·5 ·7 Darjeeling ·6 ·6 ·II ·7 ·3 ·4 ·5 ·9 ·5 ·5 ·1 •II Coocb &har

1946 1947 1948 1949 195<1 ~

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female .Hale ;Female West Bengal 4·2 4·4 4·5 4·2 4·8 4·1 4·6 4·8 4•5 4·4 Burdwan 4·6 4-6 4·6 4·2 5·4 3·8 5·7 ,.3 bilUhum • 1·7 1•8 2·2 1·3 8·3 3·3 3·3

6·8 4·8 llankura

8·3 "3·1 3·5 4·8 6·1 4·6 4·6 4·5 4·6 4·2 4·8 M1dnapur. 5·8 lHl 6·, 4·0 8·1 5·2 6·5

4·11 6'1 lioo~hly

4·5 ·6·1 4•"/ 6·2 7·6 6·8 5·7 6-5 3·8 6·7

Ho"rah 3•3 2-6 3·3 2·5 5·3 7·0 6·1t

:U·l'argauU 2·2 2·4 2·2 2·9 2·6

7"1 7•1 8·1 5·7 6·5 4·6 6·6 li·8 2·6

l'akutta . ·7 ·2 ·3 •1 ·6 7·6 6·5

1\adia -os 1·0 •3 ·3

4·8 8·9 6·7 8·3 4·6 5·6 ·2

MW">hlda~ 6·7 5·7 6·5 6·3 4-1 4·11 4·0 6·4 . 6·1 6·8 3·7 6·5 Maida 4·6 7·1 6·6 4·7 i-4

West Dlnaipur : · 8·8 6·7 9·0 7·0 7·4

4-o ii·7 6·0 6·1 4·7 6·4 8·1

J&lpai~'llri .• 1·8 •S 7·3 5·0 7-6 4·1 6·9

2·1 HI 2·3 Dar)...,hng 1"0 ·2 1·9 ·2·7 2·6 2·1 2·4 .. ·6 ·6

Coo~h l>ehU" . 1"4 ·-~ ·2 •8 ·5 . .. ' .. ···'

A..PPE.~'DIX A

A brief aecoaD& ol the his&o17 of Yital Statistics ia West BeDPI

The maintenance of eenealogical trees in important bmilies is an ancient fellture in our country and these trees may be regarded as our only surviving account of vital statistics before compulsory registration was intro­duced. They recorded births, marriages and deaths but, as can be readily concluded. they were imperfect and did not record dates in most cases. Records of marri­ages and deaths among Muslims have been banded down to us from the offices of Qazis and Imams but these, too, in the nature of things, were bound to be incomplete because not all marriages and deaths were entered even among important families.

Tbe history of the Census and Vital Statistics in India bas followed that in England. In 1936-37 an Act Fin& ate requiring registration of births,

PI marriages and deaths was pro-mulgated in England. As a consequence, quarterly returns of births, marriages and deaths of European­British subjects then residing in India were collected from Ministers of all denominations and transmitted to the Registrar General in England. At this time and aubsequenUy the registration of these events was con­fined to Calcutta. Later, an Indian Act VI was passed in 1886 by which registration of births, deaths and marriages of Europeans was made obligatory and the transmission of their returns to the Registrar General of England was regularised. This still holds good to-day in all States of India.

In Bengal, the years 1864-69 saw the beginnings of registration. A census of the British territories in

India was to have been taken Proposals for CeDSUs in India in 1861 but was deferred and rerts1nUon of in consequence of the Mutiny Vital ~tstlsUc:s dur- till 1865. Various administrative IDe 186!-69 inconveniences prompted Sir Cecil Beadon in .May 1865 to urge upon the Supreme Government the expediency of reviving the project for taking a census of all India. A census of the North Western Provinces was taken in 1865 by Plowden st.1d an exploratory census of Ben&:al by Beverley in 1866-7. An authoritative census of the Province of Bengal was taken in 1872 which marked the first of a series of decen­nial censuses thereafter. In 1864 an Act (No. Ill) was passed to provide for the first time a fairly compre­hensive and elaborate code for mufiasil municipalities of Bengal but no provision was made for taking a census or registering births and deaths in them. In 1867 the Government of India suggested the collection of mortuary returns .. approximately accurate and such •• would be at least valuable as a commencement of statistics".

There were no census returns at this time with which births and deaths even if they were accurate could be compared but the local Government decided that de3th returna should be procured through municipalities where they existed and through village choukidars and the Poli~ ~l.sewhere. Orders to this efiect were issued in 1868. Chaukidars were to make weekly or bi-weekly reports to Poli~ Stations and the re&:isters prepared a\ thHe stations were to be forwarded to the District Supermtendent'1 office for compilation and submission to the Commissioner.

Year l\irda r.te pw 1,0110 ol population~- 1875 11M&ta r.te .- 1.000 ol population «oiYII8 11175 lara ... ~t7 nte pw 1,000 bin b.

• •

18&8 13-1 3:!

The establishment of the District Superintendent of Police proved unable to cope with this work and in some districts it was transferred to the District Magistrate. In Chottanagpur many of the choukidars, who were poorly paid, preferred dismissal to the burden of this new duty. In a small area in Hooghly, a Bengnh missionary, by house to house visitation, succeeded in compiling statistics which he used to illustrate the devastations of the "Burdwan fever ". Two District Magistrates saw to the prospect of accurate statistics being obtained through the chauk.idars and advocated compulsory registration such as the Calcutta Municipal Act provided for.

The statistics as a whole were admittedly unreliable, but a mass of information was gradually made avail­able. Nothing was however done towards digestini these statistics, comparing those of different areas, or utilising them. It was decided that the examination .md extraction of vital statistics should be entrusted to the Sanitary Commissioner as the Officer on whose duties the practical conclusions drawn from these statistics most directly bear. He was asked to propose simple forms and to group causes of death into the most obvious and easily recognizable classes, of which the destruc­tive symptoms are known and familiar to the rude.>t villager. After a short trial or the new system it was thought that Government would be in a position to propose legislation on any point on which it might be found necessary and that trustworthy information would be ready for comparison with the census, which was to be taken in 1871. Without a census of course, the real value of these statistics could not be secured.

Before the year 1864, there had been no registration in Calcutta. Under the municipal organisation then

. . . introduced, the duty was entrust-RegiStrat_IoD of VItal ed to Eurasian and Native events m Calcutta . . . before and after . Medical Prac~tioners, s~x .. in 1873 number, one m each div1s1on

of the town. The results were considered unsatisfactory after four years of trial and in 1868 the work was transferred to the Police. Each Section Inspector (there were eighteen sections) became a registrar of births and deaths. Registers were also kept at the burning ghats and burial grounds so that the record of corpses burnt and buried might be used to check the section registers. Returns were furnished from churches, from the garrison, from the shipping office and from some hospitals. These returns were to be duly used for compilation in Calcutta Municipal Office.

In 1875, the law was forcibly brought to the people's notice by beat of drum in Calcutta and the Deputy Com­missioner of Police gave much attention to this suLject. The Health Officer was responsible for compiling the vital statistics of the town, but did not exercise direct control over the collection of the material, as the Polko was in charge of the work. Moreover, the Health Department was inadequately stafied. Despite these circumstances the Health Officer in his report of 1876 gave reasons why the work of registration of Vital Statistics should also pass to his care. The statement of birth and death rates in Calcutta from 1868-1876 as shown below will indicate that the registration, though defective, was showing signs of slow improvement.

1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 187~ 1~78

13·8 12·2 12·0 1()-5 10·7 1()-8 16·3 17-3 29·8 24•4 24 27•8 26•4 29·4 31 311'2

Ull

The results were far from satisfactory and the whole question was placed before the Government with the object of improving the existing machinery. But the system continued till the Calcutta Municipal Act was passed in 1889 when the work of registration of vital events was restored to the municipal authorities. The revised Act of 1913 made no change in the administra­tion regarding registration of births and deaths in Calcutta.

So much for Calcutta. It soon appeared that the Sanitary Commissioner was unable to devote sufficient

Compulsory Births and Deaths Registra­tion Act of 1873 en­forced in urban and rural areas of Bengal by Police

attention to this all-important branch of public health work. The Army Sanitary Commission in England commented very severely on the worthlessness of statistics presented in the Sani­tary Commissioner's Report for

1872. The Sanitary Commissioner attributed the failure "mainly to bad agency, and secondly to want of interest on the part of local officers and the consequent absence of the necessary supervisors and urged that a compulsory system of registration should be introduced".

The Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act (Act IV) was passed in 1873. This Act introduced a dual system which provided for. the submission of returns from both "general circles" and "selected circles ". The returns for the general circles included the selected circles and related to the whole of Bengal. In the " selected circles " whether urban or rural, a higher degree of accuracy was sought to be obtained by the employment of special agencies under closer supervision. The " special circle " was to serve as an example of the manner in which registration ought to be conducted. In modern parlance it would be regarded as a sample area for quality control. In 1877, this system of selected areas was condemned as costing more than it was worth and it was decided to dispense with all special agencies and to collect vital statistics by the same machinery that was employed in the general circles.

Up to 1875, registration of births was undertaken in " selected circles " covering all but four districts. It was attempted for the first time in " general circles " in 1876 and proved a failure. The experiment was abandoned in 1878. Registration of births continued however in a few selected municipalities and in 1880 it was resumed in all first class municipalities and in certain towns. It was in this year that the Compulsory VaccinatioJJ. Act was passed. By 1881, the Registration Act was in force in 101 towns. Both births and deaths statistics were quite unreliable, births statistics being more so than deaths. In many of these towns voluntary registration was almost unknown, while prosecutions were inadequate.

In 1886 registration of births was extended and a very important change of system was introduced by the

Government transferring the Transfer of ~ d f tratioa to Municipal uty o registering both births authorities and deaths in towns to munici-

pal authorities. In m®y of these towns Act IV of 1873 was actually in force but the local

. authority had been unwilling to undertake the burden of registration which the police had hitherto borne. In some towns even the registration of vaccination under the Compulsory Vaccination Act (Act V of 1880) was performed by Police. In rural areas the system of registration by the Police of deaths remained un­altered.

1 CENSUS

53

The collection and recording of vital statistics, how­. ever, continued to be unsatisfactory under municipal

Retransfer of regis­tration in munici­palities to the town policv 1892

authorities. Records of deaths in municipalitites appeared in­deed to be in many cases less trustworthy than those of the rural circles.

The work of registration was, therefore, with effect from the 1st January, 1892, again transferred to the town police and it was directed that the municipal funds thus set free should be applied to the advancement of primary education. Birth registration through agency of the police was at the same time introduced into rural as well as urban areas. This change-over from the local bodies to the Police seemed to effect an overall improve­ment in registration. In 1896 there were 527 prosecu­tions, 2,049 convictions, and Rs. 3,155 in fines were realised.

At this time births and deaths were thus registered through the town or village police all over Bengal except the South Lushai Hills, Chittagong Hill Tracts and the district of Angul. The statistics thus collected were from time to time checked by Magistrates, Subdivisional Officers, Police Officers and the Sanitary Commissioner and his subordinates including the superior officers of the vaccination staff. In 1899, the Government o! Bengal passed orders so that station masters of all rail­way stations within the province but outside the munici­pal towns should be registrars of births and deaths and be responsible for ascertaining and reporting to the Civil Surgeons of their respective districts all births and deaths occurring on all railway lines and lands (including lands occupied by railway employees, etc., whether within or without the jurisdiction of the railway police). Station masters were· to register events and send the return to the Civil Surgeon on the first day of every month. The Civil Surgeon was to show these figures separately in the monthly return and submit it to the Sanitary Commissioner. No change of this system was made for several years. During 1906-09 an experi­ment was made in the Galsi thana (Burdwan) to test the accuracy of rural registration.

In 1909 the Eastern Bengal and Assam· Governments took up the question of improvement of registration in Registration retrans- compulso~y . notifiable areas. ferred to lUunicipal The vaccmation staff was to Authorities 1913 check the statistics and a reward

of four annas was paid for every conviction obtained. The results were unsatisfactory and the whole subject was reconsidered in 1912.

The work of registration lay outside the sphere of the ordinary duties of police, the public disliked going to the thana to report vital occurrences and the work of the police was not directly under the Sanitary Depart­ment. For these reasons, with the almost unanimous approval of district officers, registration was again trans­ferred to the municipal authorities on the 1st April, 1913.

In 1916 the health officers of municipalities were made responsible for all round improvement of the registration of vital events and in the next year the Registration Act was extended to the Asansol Mining Settlement. In 1925 station masters of railway stations within a town were made reporters of births and deaths and required to submit their returns to the municipal registrar. In 1929 medical officers of hos­pitals situated in towns were asked to report births and deaths occurring within hospitals to municipal registrars. The above system of registration was followed in all municipalities and there has been no major change on this point in urban areas of the State.

8

r~ the rural areaa the work of re(istration In 1913 wu transferred in two subdivuiom (Kalna and Chand­pur) to the dlauJddarl panchayets to be assisted by munshl chaukidan and In 1915 this system was extended to Bogra and to the Lalbagb Subdivision. There were thu. in 1915 four ~eocies in Bengal for the registra­tion of vital OttUr'n!nces. N.- .

(1) the Police and the village chaukidar (in most rural areas) ;

(2) the panchayet. with their munshl chaukidan (in certain selected rural areas);

(3) the municipal staft (in urban areas) and (4) the atat.ion master of the railway station outside

municipal town..

The above aystem continued till 1928 when thana health circles were established. Health Officers were Raral Pabll Health aPP?inted .for each district ~d R&erraalsa:ic,. of sarutary mspectors for public S.ral 1a 1921 health circles. This ~ure

became necessary as C1vil Sur­leGDI could not cope with the work of public health as well u medical duties and. therefore. the public health portion wu transferred from the Civil Surgeon to the District Health Omcer. The Bengal Births and Deatb9-Regfatration Act. 1873 was now extended to all rural areaa ln Ben&al. EveJ'7 district was divided into a suit­able number of rerlstrat.ion units. such as union boards. pancbayeU unions. railway stations and thanas. The work of re(Utratlon was gradually transferred from the pollee to the hands of local bodies. Presidents of union boards. panchayetl unions. station masters and thana omcen were by the Diatrict Magistrate appointed local registrars of births and deaths for their respective areas. EveJ'7 village chaukidar was required to report at the local police station. chaukidarl union or union board omce. all births and deaths occurring within his beat. Vital atati&Ucs were compiled according to the date of occurrence and re1ionally by tbanas and not by sub­divWons. The following sequence of dates was pre­IC'ribed for the submission of vital statistics from one arency to the next :-

(A) Diatrid B~dl

(i) Cbaukidars to the local regfstran­"lth day of the succeeding month.

(U) Local ~listran to Subdivisional Officer­Not later than the 12th day of the succeed·

In& month. (W) Subdlvlslonal Officers to District Health

omcei'-Not later than the 15th day of the succeed­

ina month. (lY) Diatrict Health Officers to Director of Public

HMlth-Not later than the 20th day of the succeed­

ina month. The aubmissioo of district return. throu(b Civil Surgeons was dia­~Unued lD 1928.

(B) Jlnfdpcllltlea Tbe MUDJctpal Health omcer, or the Municipal

Qaimuua as the case may be, should forward the returna direct to District Health Officers and DOt to SUbdivisional Otlken or Civil Su.rpoaa.

Where tM local ft'ristran were thana otncers. the d&fadAra were nqulred to eollect the chaukldars' hath­chittu and hand ~ In at the ftrst weelt17 parade of

the month ~.-hich the thana officer was required to attt>nd. All registers of births and deaths were preserved In the district room only for a period of thirty years.

Local authoritit>S were entitled to char;:e for supply­ing copit>S of entries in the registers of birtM and de•ths a fee of four annas for each extract in rural areas 1md eight annas in town. Registers and forms were supplied by Government free of cost. Thana and Circle Olllcers drew up estimates of annual requirements and sent

. them to their Subdivisional Officers for transmission to the District Health Officer who distributed the forms on indent from the Forms Department. A chaukidar used Fonn No. 2990 for births, No. 2998 for deaths and No. 3014 for Epidemic diseases. Bengal Fonn Nos. 2993 and 2999 were used by local registrars for birth and death registration respectively. Bengal Fonn No. 2998 was used by Local Registrars for supplying monthly returns and similarly Benral Fonn No. 2997 was used by Subdivisional Officers and District Health Officer. For the prompt notification· to the Ministry of Health in England of the prevalence of certain epidemic diseases every Tuesday. an innovation was introduced in 1920 requiring a telegraphic summary of the main features relating to the prevalence of plague. small-pox. cholera. influenza in Bengal during the week ending the previous Saturday. This information was supplied to the Gov­ernment of India by the Director of Public Health. The District Health Officer collected such reports both from urban and rural areas and sent them to the Director of Public Health for the purpose. Incidentally. in 1894 Civil Surgeons used to notify any outbreak or existence of epidemic diseases in their district to their colleagues of neighbouring districts and the system of inter­provincial exchange of epidemic information was intro­duced in 1922 but since 1926 these functions were assumed by the District Health Officer.

But the compilation of vital statistics caused delay under the system and the matter was discussed at the Divisional Commissioners• Conference In 1931. A new system was adopted in some districts for trial so that registrars were required to submit their monthly returns of births and deaths direct to Sanitary Inspec-­tors who compiled statistics for the thana and forwarded it direct to the District Health Officer and not through the Subdivisional Officer. The dates of submission of .vital statistics by one agency to the other were n.t follows:-

(a) By chaukidar to local registrars.

(b) By registrars to the Subdivi­

sional Officer or Sanitary In-spectors as the case may be.

(c) By Subdivisional Officer or Sani· tary Inspector to District· Health Officer.

(d) By District Health Officer to Direc­tor of Public Health.

7th day of the succeeding month.

Not later than 12th day of the succeeding month.

Not later than 17th day of the succeeding month.

Not later than 23rd day of the succeeding month.

In the case of municipalities. the monthly vital statistical returns were to be submitted to the District Health Officer not. later than the 15th day of the succeed­ina month. This system continued up to 111-13.

· After the appointment of SanitaJT Inspectors to health circles. local registrars In 1939 were required

to supply every month to Sanitary Ins~ectors info~­tion regarding all births and deaths. Th1s was consider­ed necessary to enable Sanitary Inspectors properly to look after the Sanitary measures of their area. To enable District Magistrates to exercise control over the working of the Ben~:al Births and D~atJ;ts Regi~tration Act in municipal and rural areas, D1stnct Mag1strates were required to send quarterly reports showing 1.heo number of prosecutions, number of convictions, fines realised etc. under the Act to the Director of Public Health. ' As ~ consequence the supervision of the Regis­tration Act seemed to improve in this period.

Ever since the introduction of the system under which the responsibility of registering births and deaths was

Registration trans· ferred from union president to thana Sanitacy Inspector 1944

placed upon Presidents of Union Boards, there were repeated complaints that vital statistics were late in reaching the Direc­tor of Public Health leading to · delay in submitting the

provincial report to the Public Health Commissioner with the Government of India. As Presidents held office in an honorary capacity and for one reason or another were often absent from their unions, the system was considered unsatisfactory. Under orders of the Gov­ernment, dated the 4th January, 1944, District Magis­trates were instructed to cancel the appointment of Presidents of Union Boards as registrars of births and deaths and to appoint the Thana Sanitary Inspectors in their place. The Sanitary Inspectors were asked to attend the fortnightly parades of chaukidars at the thana and take the figures of births and deaths direct from the hathchittas of chaukidars and at once compile the list and forward it to the District Health Officer. As both the Sanitary Inspector and District Health Officer were officers of the Public Health Organisation, they could see that vital statistics returns were compiled and forwarded regularly and punctually thus effecting a considerable saving of time. This change was intro­duced with immediate effect. Later in July 1945, an additional health assistant was sanctioned to 11 Sanitary Inspectors to help them in compiling vital statistics.

Famine and epidemic had prevailed all over Bengal in 1943. It was the delay in submitting figures to White Hall in 1943 from the former agencies that this change from Union Presidents to Thana Sanitary Inspectors was made. Though- the returns were received earlier, they became less representative of the. area, as the population of the new registration district increased ten times approximately. Some army Subdivisional Health Officers were appointed at subdivisional headquarters for the control of epidemics and later the Government decided to place each subdivision under a Health Officer as "Subdivisional Health Officer". The Sub­divisional Health Officers in addition to their public health duties, supervised the work of registration of vital statistics and were responsible for the normal administration of vital statistics registration of the area. In 1945, detailed instruction in connection with the registration work were issued by the Government to the local registrars, i.e., Thana Sanitary Inspectors for thei.J' guidance.

After 1947, all subdivisions were provided with Sub­divisional Health Officers and a scheme for rural health centres was started. So far Hl3 union health centres ha\'e been created and it has been proposed that the Rural Medical Officer of Health will be the registrar of births and deaths for the union where the Union Health Centre is opened. In 1948 a pilot survey to determine the extent of incompleteness of registration of births and deaths was undertaken and its results were published in a Vital Statistics Special Report. A

55

summary of the Report and its conclusions is printed as an Appendix in this volume.

The existing method of registration and eornpil~tion of births and deaths in the State of West Bengal lS U follows:~

A-Registration

Throughout the State of West Bengal except the district of Cooch Behar the registration of births and

deaths within e~ht days of theit Legislation date of occurrence Is compulso1'7 and it is administered in different areas according to the Act as mentioned below :-In rural areas .

Urban areas (except Calcutta & Howrah).

City of Calcutta and Howrah. Cantonment areas

Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1873.

Bengal Births and Oeaths Registration Act · and Bengal Municipal Act of 1932 and rules · Issued thereunder.·

Calcutta Muilicipai Act · of 1951.

, Cantonment Acts and . Bye­laws issued thereunder.

(i) Urban areas-In the municipalities: (including Calcutta) municipal authorities are respons1ble fo~ the

efficient management of reglstra­Agency tion of vital events. Registrars of Births and Deaths are appointed by the Municipal Commissioners in Municipalities and by the Health Officer in Calcutta for the purpose. The father or mother is primarily responsible for reporting birthS and other persons who are required to report are the occupiers of the building in which such child is· born, the medical practitioner or the midwife. In case of death it should be done by the nearest relatives present at the time of death or in attendance during the ·last illness of the deceased or in absence of such relation the medical practitioner if any, who attended during t~e last illness. In the municipalities which have no regis­trars of deaths at burning ghats or burial grounds, the fuel contractors, ghat priests and doms of thE! burning ghats and munshis of burial grounds are to report

·deaths to the registrars periodically. Station Masters of railway areas within municipalities are responsible for reporting vital events occurring within their · areM. The family is primarily responsible for reporting birthlf and deaths in the municipal areas including Calcutta;

(ii) Rural areas-In rural areas village chaukidars. are reporters of births and deaths occurring within their beats. They are provided with a double set of hath­chittas of. births and deaths for collection of villag~ statistics: .. If they are. illiterate (as they generally are) they may· Jiav~ .the entries made by any literate persod of the locality.- The dafadars of the union collect one set of Jiathchittas of births and deaths from all chauki­dars of the union and submit them at their week17. parades at Thana to the Sanitary Inspectors of Tbanaa who are the Registrars of Births and Deaths for the Thana areas. The Sanitary Inspector with a health assistant attends parades of dafadars at the thana and collects one set of hathchittas from the dafadars and retains the same for the purpose of registration ; the other set of hathchittas is handed over to the dafadar for distribution amongst the chaukidars concerned for the purpose of collection of vital statistics, in the sub­sequent week.

The above procedure is not applicable in the Darjeeling district. In tJlli. district, the Thana Officers are Registrars o' Births and Deaths and village mandal.S

8A

56

or beadmm are responsible for reporting births and deaths OC'C'Urrinl within their beats.

General of Ilealth Services with the Government of India.

(ill) Otber ~:\lanagers of tea gardens, medical otncen of hospitals, authorities of factories and rrulls out.ide the jurisdiction of unions, municipalities and cantonments and officers in charge of forests are res­ponsible for reporting births and deaths occurring within their respective areas.

Railway Station Masters are responsible for collec­tion and registration of vital events OC'C'Urring within their areu.

In cantonments the Executive Officer is responsible for re~stration.

8-CompilatiOD

In urban areas, the municipal registrars of births and deaths compile the monthly vital statistical returns and submit the same to the District Health Officer by the 15th of the succeeding month for inclusion in the district return. .

2. In rural areas the procedure for compilation and transmiuion of vital statisti<;al returns is as follows :·-

(ca) The local thana registrars of births and deaths collect reports of births and deaths from all reporting agencies and from railway station masters within their respective jurisdictions and compile a return of the police 1tation and submit the same to the District Health Officer by the lOth of the succeeding month.

(b) Executive Officers of Cantonments compile · monthly returns of their areas and submit them to

District Health Officers. 3. District Health Officers compile monthly vital

1tatistical returns of their districts showing figures of municipalities and rural thanas separately therein, and 1ubmit them to the Directorate of Health Services where district and State figures are compiled in permanent records.

t. The final figures of the State and towns w1th populations of 30,000 and over are sent to the Director

A permanent Census Act was passed in 1948 and the post of a Registrar General and Ex-Officio Census Com­missionE-r has been created to deal with population censuses and vital statistics under a single organisation of the Central Government. Accordingly, the subject of vital statistics including rt'gistration of births and deaths has been included in the concurrent legislative list. A new era in vital statistics registration is thus expected to follow.

A table showing the nature of information collected since the beginning is annexed. This note may conclude with the recommendations made by W. Goode, Secretary in 1919 of the Local Self Government and Medical Public Health Department of the Government of Bengal, quoted helow :

"The committee has already decided to recommend that the central organisation for controlling registration and collatinit and utilization of the data it furnishes should be strengthened. It suggests that a Deputy Sanitary Commissioner should be placed in char&e of this work ; constituting with his office a separate branch of the Public Health Department. It is outside the province of the Committee to make proposals for the improvement of the local registering agency. The history of registration in Bengal indicates the difficulties with which the whole question is beset. The Sanitary Commissioner has pointed out that the system under which local bodies are constituted by the registering authorities for their local areas is unsound in as much as vital statistics supply the facts by which these Sanitary Administrators must be judged. It will how· ever be for the new Central Branch which the .:om· mittee suggests should be created to examine the work· ing of the local agency on which it will depend for its material and to make proposals to Government for its improvement. It can hardly be doubted that the history of registration in Bengal justifies the committee's pro­posals to create a separate branch for vital statistics in the new Public Health Department."

APPENDIX B Estrada from pages 4'7-49 of the Report of a Pilot SlltVey held In the districts of Burdwan, Bankura, Nadia,

%1-Parcaua, Maida and Darjeelinr in the year 1948 by Dr. P. G. Choudhury and published by the West ~neal Gonrnmenl 1D 1952

Summary and condu.sion.s.-The work of registration though a statutory duty of the Government is admini­•tered by local bodies and from the results of the survey It has been found to be utterly defective, inaccurate and unproductive. Omission in the registration of births and deaths is more than 50 per cent. and about 22 per ~t. of the registered evenu cannot be traced or verified.

It bas further been observed that the data compiled in the Central Office for the purpose of analysis and Deled• publication, etc., do not tally even

with those in the original regis­&era. Discrepancies between the figures of the register and the return are about ± 5·06 per cent. Moreover the l'ftunu are neither representative of the area and mon!h ln question nor contain all the information available ln the original register. And whatever is available, reaches this omce three to four months after iu due date laden with mistakes.

The registration of vital statistics was enforced by the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1873, ~asou •·by erro but the desired improvement has are M& elirlliD.akcl ra not yet been obtained owing to

inherent defects in the system. A Police Station .,;th an average population of 100,000 and an area of 100 sq. miles is the present registration d.at.rict ln rural areas. Tbis area is too big and un­mana,eable e\·en for &e\·eral whole--time regiStrars but

the work is entrusted to a part-time officer. The present registrar has to perform this work in addition to other more arduous official duties. The registration office i1 too far away for the majority of the people and as a result neither the people can report personally nor can the chaukidars attend office regularly. In fact, the work of registration has deteriorated since 1944 when it was transferred from Union Boards to Police Stations.

Although the reporting of vital event. is a primary duty of the people, yet they are quite ignorant of this fact. Nothing has been done so far to make the peol)lc alive to their responsibility. As a result people seldom report births and deaths for registration. Moreover there is very little utilisation of birth and death certi­ficates by the people, nor has the State yet enforced llny of these measures. People are not punished for non· registration even if their negligence is brought to the notice of the law. Not even Rs. 100 is realised either from certificate fee or from prosecution of delinquent. while the Government spends about Rs. 1·55 lacs every year which serves little useful purpose and is nearly all wasted.

In the rural areas, chaukidars are entrusted With reporting vital statistics. But these chaukidars are illiterate and ill pald and can hardly report cauae of death and age at death correctly.

They have neither the training nor the incentive to do their work properly and consequently they do not pay any attention to its improvement.

In urban areas too, registration does not receive proper attention. The municipal authorities have no reporting agency and have to depend entirely on the apathetic public for this purpose. Consequently, the vital statistics of towns have been found, in course of the survey, to be more defective than those of rural areas.

Vital statistics of this province are. at present com­piled at three stages namely the thana, the district and the capital and at every stage some errors creep in. As a result, the figures published from the provincial capital do not tally with those in the original registers.

Vital statistics will not improve so long as the above­mentioned defects in the present system of registration are not removed and the agencies for registration and reporting are changed or at least specially trained and paid for the work so that they may take more interest in its improvement. The following measures are there­fore recommended for immediate adoption :-

The present registration unit which is too big and unmanageable should be reduced in size and

the union may therefore be Measur~ suggested restored as a registration unit. for theU" remedy The union clerk may be appointed as registrar of births and deaths and for this extra work paid an additional remunera- ·

Unions tion of Rs. 5 per month by the Government. The total cost will

be Rs. 1,24,000 per year for 2,070 unions instead of Rs. 1,13,000 spent by the Government over additional health assistants at Police Stations. This contribution to unions will be made on the specific condition that unions will try to effect all round improvements and chiefly punctual submission of accurate vital statistics. Registration work will be transferred from union clerks to Rural Medical Officers of Union Health Centres as the latter are started. The above expenditure of Rs. 1,24,000 will thus ultimately be saved.

The chairman of a municipality may appoint a registrar of births and deaths and the person concerned

may be paid a sum of Rs. 5 per Towns month and the total cost for the purpose will be Rs. 4,500 for 75 municipalities. The sum will be contributed to the municipal fund on the same condition as suggested in the case of unions.

It is true that vital statistics cannot improve and complete collection of statistics will not be possible unless peol?le themselves take interest and report vital events to reporters or registrars of their own accord. Measures should, therefore, be adopted to punish people under the law for failing to report vital events and steps should be taken to utilise birth and death certi­ficates for proof of age, nationality, citizenship, succes­sion to property, insurance money, etc., etc. This will lend importance to registration of births and deaths in the eyes of the public and they will then be anxious to register births and deaths. Accordingly, a proposal for introduction of birth certificates as evidence of age of all new entrants to school from January 1950 has been submitted to the Government. This will fetch an annual revenue of Rs. 2·91 lacs approximately and the estimated cost of the scheme will be Rs. 38,080 only.

Tax Collectors may be appointed as reporters ot births and deaths in municipalities. These tax collectors and chaukidars may be trained in vital statistics and the best workers may be rewarded. This will provide an incentive to them. A reward fund for the purpose may be opened in each district under the control of the district officers out of the prosecution fees realised. It is proposed that whoever (chaukidars or Tax Collector) will detect omission in registration of births and deaths will receive a reward of eight annas per successful case of prosecution. The reward may be increased to Rs. 4. when the fine imposed under sections 7 and 8 of the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration A<i will be enhanced to Rs. 25. This enhancement is necessary to meet the cost of prosecution. This reward will be given to reporters provided that they collect records of more vital events than the average. If each and every delinquent is thus punished, a sum of Rs. 1·6 million approximately will be realised as fine every year and Rs. 400,000 may go as reward to reporters whose total strength has been estimated to be 30,000 chaukidars and 352 Tax Collectors. Each reporter may thus get a sum of Rs. 13 per year.

The supervision of the work of registration at the periphery regarding verification, omission, issue of certificates and prosecutions, etc., will be entrusted to specially appointed Inspectors of Registration and· six such Inspectors are considered to be essential ·to start with.

Burial and burning without registration should be forbidden at least in all towns. In pursuance of sections 435-439 of the Bengal Municipal Act all burial grounds and burning ghats in towns should be zegistered and . provided with keepers who will report particulars of death, in respect of the bodies disposed of, to the local registrars.

Only in Darjeeling district, the registration unit. may remain as it now exists and the case may be taken up later.

To eradicate the defects in the present system of compilation. the Central Compilation Scheme may be

· introduced. ·This will eliminate Procedure all intermediate compilation at thanas and districts. The scheme may work as under. The existing forms of birth and death registers should be revised. Local Registrars will register each and every event either reported by official reporters or by parties and send counterfoils of each individual regis­tered event to the Central Office every month. These slips will be tabulated with the help of calculating machines and kept systematically for issue of certifi­cates to persons on demand. There will thus be no lo3s of information and no error in compilation and more-

'over the preservation of records will be possible at the Central Office. The records also will thus be available at the Central Office for issue of certificate as proposed. The Central Office will be the Provincial Registration Office like that of Somerset House in England and Wales and will be located in some prominent house in the city.

It is further proposed that to assess improvement in registration, a sample survey like that of the present one may be undertaken every year.

The present state of vital statistics is so _defective that neither any scientific research nor any effective health planning can be undertaken on their basis.

- ~.t3

'l'aWe 1

Binhl btl ""ion~, th4R41 and towu : comparilort -btttceen the 1948 m~ev fi~s and those recorded i" the original official registen

Total

~' birthe ~'

DiUo& ..... Nioe Birtlaa of ot'CIUJ'I'M oa.illioa Per.a& ol UnloM rPgd. Binba

Yerilied la1~ onr ~a;o. &&Uoa IlK& nritied .. &ot&J OYf'C'

0~ de &.elM ..... "'P· "'£d. durins &iOII 81lrYe1

~ Bard--r' ••• K.,_ I Kuhi~m 2J8 U4 IK·t 363 33·ll 141-6 I Khajurdihl 181 169 87·8 2:l9 ~ 126-6 .a 8rik.bucia . • . . 210 119 SS·J 274 34·1 130-6 • Alampw' Jgt 164 8H 2i>l 3<6·7 1:!1H 6 Gidhpaa ill 179 M·8 304 4H UH • Karui 191 174 91-1 %.>& 31·8 133·6 7 Karajgram 214 179 83·6 289 38·1 13.>·0 8 Sribati 212 195 111·9 30ll 33-4 lt:H 9 Finghl · 175 160 111·5 224 28·6 128·0

10 Agrachrip 162 143 118·3 285 49·8 1740 11 Jagadallandapur 175 163 87-4 261 41-4 149-1

TOTaL 2,188 1,929 88·2 1,031 36·0 138-U

Diatric& Baok- I Manikba1ar • M 75 89·1 99 24·2 117·9

. f,~. ~-"!"~~ . 2 Hamirhati 80 76 96·0 91 16·6 113·8 '· .. a Pearbera 91 81 88·0 128 311·7 136-9

4 Dhnlal In 136 91·8 1M 2H 1:!6·2 6 Kochdihi 121 108 89·3 1M 41·3 10:!-1 8 Nabuon 128 us 100·0 164 ll:l~ UIH 7 Dihipara 138 131 94·9 168 2li·O Ul·7 8 DhanAimla 91 83 91·2 108 23-1 118·7

• Pane hal 78 68 87-2 1:!0 43·3 163·8 10 Radhamohan pUI' 171 170 99·4 23.} 27-7 J3H

TOTAL 1,130 1,066 93-1 1,479 28·3 130·9

2~r~P. &B~~ 1 Ghorarasb 249 210 84-3 3::.12 34·8 1:.!9·3 2 Dhanyakuria , 231 201 87·0 4.>2 oo·li 196·7 a Chana · .•. 226 201 88·9 410 lii·O 1111-4 4 ChampapukUJ' 306 286 80·3 &10 43·9 H3·3 · 6 Sangrampur . 124 108 87-1 2110 112·11 233·9 8 Sankchura 203 137 6NI 384 114-3 189·2 7 ninda . 282 215 ?8-2 523 liD~ 1!111·2 8 Pil• 271 253 93·4 621 61·6 19311

Tout. 1,942 1,611 83·0 3,418 &2·8 176·9

Diatriet Nadia-P. 8, NoN. I &blarf • 131 67 49·1 166 69·6 122·0 : 4..t, I 8traruppnj 208 63 26·6 301 82·4 144·7 .

a lla,apur IlK ?:I 37-1 307 79-8 184·0

TOTAL 638 192 3&·7 824 ?6-7 163·2

-~'""' ~ I llilkl . 629 176 7~9 700 46·4 132·3 P. B. ~llfllYA B.- ! Kuigram Jut 162 77-t IUD 23·8 101·6

3 Jodupnr 123 68 47·2 142 69·.2 JIH 4 AmritJ . 2117 199 67~ 338 U·J 113·8 6 Narhate 178 128 70-8 %13 49-8 1111-7 I lllahadipw 143 78 M·5 183 67-4 128-9 7 J(.ottrali •. 148 69 46-8 161 6-4·3 102~

_ ....

TOTAL :~< ,J.81' 1,007 ~-3 1,928 ~-I JID-3

- ~ .. ,. ..... a..rie&s.d ... Kat- • .. ; • 70 6t ao• !H 10-t 417-J

.. :.. nwn..u.~Wr- • • .loy.a,...Maal1pw •. ; .. .%70 248 tl·l 442 44·3 161-7 .. -.&~..- _, .. .. _

~·; -. :_.· ..• )at N 60-6 622 12·0 :so ..

59

Table 1-concld. .

Birt1u by unions, tharnu and towns : comparison between the l948. St.L"'elJ ·figures · and those recorded in the original of!icia1 Tegisters ··

Total birthll Percent Percent Percent occurred f •

Diatrict and Police Birtha Birthll of in 1948

.o. . 1 of. Unions reg d. omi88IOII "deteetion

Station 1948 verified verified ... oveP over over detected total re6d. reg d. during detection survey

T~td.

Diatrict D&rjeeling Kurseong . 237 9j 39-7 542 82·7 228-'i' . ! ~

UaB.&II Tor.t.L 763 490 ·64·2 1,798 72·7 235·6

Rua.&L TOTAL 7,412 5,844 78·8 10,684 40·3 UH

GRAND TOTAL 8,175 6,334 77-li ·12,482 49-3 152·7

D111'LIOA'f• SmtvBY

--- Uni11111 l>istriot N..m-P. 8. Na6ra- I Bablari 136 64 47-1 176 63·6 129·4

dtiJip I Swarupganj . 206 57 2'l-7 319 82-1 1M·9 I Maya pur 194 66 34·0 308 78·6 .. 158·8 .,·

ToTAL 536 187 . 34·9 803 76·7 149•8·

Table%

Deaths 'by unions, thanas and towns: comparison between the 1948 surve~ figur~$: ·. and those recorded in the ori~inai: official regi$teTs ~- ··• -'-: ,~-c' ~': ; ,.. :_.:· ·

Total Perceo\ Death• Peroent occurred of Percent

Di•trict a.nd Police Deathll Deathll of in1948 OmlSSlOD of

Station Unions regd. verified verified ... over detection 1948 over detected total. over

reg d. during detection reg d. survey

District Burdw&n- I K&Sigram 320 302 94·4 430 29·8 134·4 P.S.KaJWG 2 Khajurdihi 183 161 98·0 211 23·7 115·3 a Srik.h&nda 188 159 84·6 264 39·8 140·4

4 Alampur 184 151 82-l 227 33·5 . 123·4 .. 5 Oidhgnua .. 275 253 92·0 404 37-4 146·9. I

8 Karui • 141 132 93·6 210 37-1 148·9:: 7 Karajgra~ 190 161 84·7 245 34·3 128·9 8 Sribati 247 231 93·5 303 23·8 122·7 II Singhi • • 201 183 91·0 235 22-1 116·8: r

10 Agradwip • 181 155 85·6 211 26·5 116-6.--11 Jag&dan&ndapur 148 139 . 93·9 220 36·8 148·6

'fOTAL 2,258 2,027 89·8 2,960 31-6 13H

District &nkura- 1 \lanikbuu . 89 79 88·7 102 22·5 114·6 P. 8. SOIIGIIIvkA\ 2 H&mir!lati 111 99 89·2 117 15 .. 105·4

I Pearber& 86 84 97·7 147 42·9 17()-9

' Dbulai . 157 1M 98·1 200 :,,.o UH 6 Kochdihi . 112 100 89·3 157 38·3 140·2 8 Nabuoa 125 124 99·3 166 2f.i·3 132·8 7 Dihipu.. 123 102 82·9 Ul 22-1 10tH5 8 Dbaesiml& 81 72 88·9 ll9 liH . 10~·8 II Paneb&l 82 73 89-() 111 34-% ·' 135-&

10 Ra.dh&moh&Dpur 143 124 86-7 166 25-3 UG-1

Tcnu. • 1.109 1.011 91·2 1,388 27-1 12H

Table Z-concld.

Deatlu by vnimu, thana.s and towm : comparison between the 1948 suroey figures and tho$e recorded in the original official Tegisten

DiaUic& ucl PoUoe &a&;oa '

1 Ghoraraah • 2 Dhanyalr.uria • 3 Chait.& • 4 Champapulr.ur 6 &ngrampur e Sankchura 7 ltinda • 8 Pifa

Diatrio& N&cn.-P. ll. NalJG.. 1 Bablari • """' 2 Swarupganj •

3 llayapur

Dlatno& Halda-P. 8. Ertgl-.A 1 Milki &wlr 2 Kazigram

3 Jodupur 4 Amriti . 6 Narhat.a 6 Mahadipur 7 Kotwali

T-

Diatrlo& Bardwu . Katwa

Dialrirl 2'-Parpnaa . . Joynagar-Mazilpur Baliaahar •

Diatrid Dwjeellng . Kuraeong

U&IIAB TOTAL

R'O'BALTOTAL

TOTAL.

. ' ' ..

ToTAL

•

DNtha reg d. 11148

181 239 207 249

80 168 203 205

1,532

76 183 160

419

202 122 112 140

86 68 74

804

243

94 102

256

694

6,122

GRAND TOTAL 6,8HI

DITPI.JCA,.I tlu.n T u-

~ Nacl»-P. B. N._ 1 Bablari • '16 , .. , ! SwarupguJ 183 a lb7&pur 108

TOTAl. 367

Deatha verified

156 202 169 197 57

121 us 175

1,225

24 31 68

123

150 87 60 95 46 40 37

515

184

83 43

82

392

4,901

6,293 '

24 36 47

lOCI

Pert"en' or

verified over l"l'gd.

86·2 84·5 81·6 79-1 71·3 72·0 72·9 85·4

80·0

31-6 16·9 42·5

29-4

74·3 71·3 53-6 67·9 53·5 58·8 50·0

64-1

75·7

88·3 42·2

32·2

56·5

80·1

77-7

31·1 19-1 43·6

28·9

Total dNLha

occurftd in 1948 ..

detected during auney

222 370 305 298 152 232 329 334

2,242

108 251 223

582

235 115 141 157 66

130 TO

914

300

196 314

324

1,134

8,084

9,218

124 266 163

552

Pei"Ceel\ of

omillaion over

~· detecuon

29-7 ")·4 44·6 33·9 62·5 47·8 55·0 47·6

45·4

77·8 87-6 69·5

78·9

36·2 24·3 57·4 39;5 30·3 69·2 47-1

43·7

38·7

57-7 86·3

74-7

65·4

39·4

42·8

80·6 86-8 71-2

80-8

Pel't'f'D\ of

de~tion over reg d.

122·7 154·8 147·3 120·0 190·0 138-l 162-1 162·9

J.l6·3

142-1 137-2 139-4

139·0

1!6·3 94-3

125·9 112-1 76·7

191-2 94·6

113-7

123·5

208·5 307·8

127-1

163·4

132·0

136·2

163·2 I.U·8 !»t

160-4

Table 3

- Table showing the number of events as per the 1948 Survey, Registers and returns with their n respective percentages over the total detection during 1948 M :.-. !II ~

"' Ul

BIRTHS DEATHS STILL Bm·rns

8 Original Percent District Percent Original Percent District Percent Original Percent 'Distriot Percent Police Station or Town to total vital to total Survey to total vital to total Survey to total vital to total urvey Register

detection return detection Register detection return detection Register detection return detection

1 Katwa P. B. 3,039 2,188 72·0 1,881 61·9 2,960 2,258 76·3 1,695 l57·3 83 44 53·0 47 56·6

2 Sonawukhi P. S. 1,479 1,130 76·4 1,132 76·5 1,3!!6 . 1,109 80·0 1,111 ~80·2 152 40 26·S 21 13·8

3 Ii!>sirhl>t P, 8, • 3,416 1,942 66·9 1,935 56·6 2,242 1,532 68·3 1,532 68·3 96 54 66·3 55 57"3

4 Jllabadwip P, S, • 824 538 65·3 507 61-5 582 419 72·0 418 7lo8 2 ..• 0) ~

I> EngliHb Bazar P. S, • L,1,926 1,614 83·8 1,615 83·9 914 804 88·0 842 92-1 54 40 7-H 45 83-3

' 6 Katwa Town • • 292 70 24·0 66 22·6 300 243 81·0 245 81·7 l

'1 Joynagar-Mazilpur Town 442 270 61-1 249 56·3 196 94 48·0 93 47-4 13

8 Halisahar Town 522 186 35·6 171 32·8 314 102 32·5 96 30·6 13

9 Kureeong Town 542 237 43•7 217 40·0 324 255 78·7 264 81·5 14 27 192·9 28 200·0

URBAN TOTAL 1,798 763 42-4 703 89·1 1,134 694 61·2 698 61·6 40 27 67-IS 29 72·6

Rt71\lL TOTAL 10,684 7,412 69·4· 7,070 66·2 8,084 6,122 75·7 5,598 69·2 387 178 46·0 168 43-4

• GRAND TOTAL • 12,482 8,175 65•5 7,773 62·3 9,218 6,816 73·9 6,296 68·3 427 205 48·0 197 46·1

62

Table I Eltimatu of total Birth$, Deaths, Infant mortality and Deaths from Cholera artd

Malaria for 1948

llirtu l""'tu • Inlao& mori&lity • Death from Cholera Dea~b from Ka1aria

rJgiU'N ~ £or rolKle tit&tioo, l' oioD .. peT

7,773 6.~96 1,038

246 1,,10

12,.S2 9,~18 2,ut.,.

476 1,663

:Weao ratio of Provincial 6gurM for 1\i 18 &otal nam her u eD1lliiE'rated a& Standard ~rror the Burn'Y &o of t.h~ ml'<ln

&he c:orrespond- ratio rndt·r the F ... tiuu•t~ in L.,-. ing tiguree exi.ltin~t •yst.-m under the in lace

• existing 8Jst«<W

l-64t.>S 1·44>11 1·9306 l·!l3.>1t 1-17~

1)-11!16 4·53.364 0·27.)6 3·~j2j0

0·2::!\ll O·t\Hl\10 I)-JH4.i 0·137\la l)o4S4!1 0·76S76

7-3.±;()-;>.6 5·6±hl6 1-:!±0ol4 0·3±1)-111 0·9±0·37

APPENDIX C

BENGAL Ac:r IV OF 1873

(THE BENGAL BIRTHS AND DEAmS REGISTRATION ACT, 1873')

As modified up to the 1st March 1932 (2nd Jul11, 1873.)

AN ACT FOR REGISTERING BIRTHS AND DEATIIS

Whereas it Is expedient to provide the means for a ...___ hi complete register of births and "" • ., .. m e deaths.

'SHORT TITLE-This short tiUe was given by the Amendlnc Act, 1903 (I of 1903), Sch. I, "Printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol I, p. 738.

LocAL Ent.:NT-Since this Act contains no local extent clause, it must be taken to have been intended to extend to the whole of the former :<'rovince of Bengal ; but it appUes only to areas s-pecially notified under s. 1.

The application of the Act is barred in the Chittagong Hill-tracts by the Chittagong Hill-tracts Regulation, 1900 (I of 1900), s. 4 (2), printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol I, p. 790.

OTHER E."fACTMENTs-As to the registration of births and deaths, under the present Act, in Provincial Munici­palities, •~~ the Bengal Municipal Act, 188-1 (Ben. Act III of 1884), Pt. XI, printed ln the Be11.1tal Code, Ed. 1913-11115, Vol II, p. 845.

As to the registration of births and deaths in the Calcutta Munlclpallty, 1ee the Calcutta Municipal Act, 1923 (Ben. Act III of 1923), Ch. XXXI, printed in the supplement to the fourth edition of the Be!U!:al Code, p. 633.

As to the registration of births and deaths under the Bengal Local Sell-Government Act of 1885 (Ben. Act III of 1885), 1ee s. 114 of that Act, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 953.

As to reports by village chaukidaTs of births and deaths, ue the Village Chaukidari Act, 1870 (Ben. Act VI of 1870), s. 39, cl. 7th, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed.. 11113-11115, Vol. n, p. 183.

As to registration of births and deaths under the Bengal Village Sell-Government Act, 1919 (Ben. Act V of 1!119), 1ee a. 26 (3) of that Act, printed in the supple­rrwnt to the fourth edition of the Bengal Code, p. 135.

As to l't'pOrts by chaukidan of birth5 and deaths, ue the Ben~al \'ill~e Self-Government Act, 11119 (Ben. Act V of 1919), a. 23 (1) (t·ii), printed in the supplement to the fourth edition of the Berlial Code, p. 133.

For power to make rules ItS to the re~stration of births and deaths in Cantonments, see the Cpntonments 1 Act, 1924 (II of 192-1), s. 28:.! (I).

As to the voluntary registration of births and deaths, see the Births. Deaths and l\Iarriages Registration Act, 1886 (VI of 1886), in Vol. II of the General Acts, 1873-86, 5th edition, p. 483.

As to the transmission to the Registrar-General of Births and Deaths in England of registers of, or docu­ments showing, births and deaths of officers and soldiers and their families abroad, see the Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Army) Act, 1879 (42 and 43 Viet., c. 8), in the Collection of Statutes relating to India, Vol. I, Ed. l!ll:i, p. 530. -

As to the duties of Registrars of Births in connection with the vaccination of children. see the Bengal Vaccina­tion Act, 1880 (Ben. Act V of 1880), ss. 18 to 24, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II. pp. 475 and 476.

I

(Sections 1-4)

It is hereby enacted as follows :-

1. The Lieutenant-Governor' may at any time, by a notification' published in Calcutta Gazette, direct

that all births and deaths, or all Power to dirl't't re- births or all deaths, occurrin& gistratioo of births within the limits of any area and deaths and after a certain date to be named define area in such notification shall be registered, and for that purpose may define the limits of such area.

'Now the Governor in Council of Fort Wllllam ln Bengal-•ee the Bengal, Bih<~r and Oris5a and Assam Laws Act. 1912 (VII of 1912). s. 3, and Sch. D. itf>m1 1 and 2. printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915. Vol. I. p. 776.

• For such notifications, 1ee the Bengal Local Statu wry Rules and Orders, 192-1, Vol. I, part VI.

63

From and after such date this Act shall apply to the whole of the area so defined.

2. The Magistrate of the district' may, f~r the purpose of such registration, divide any sue~ a:ea mto such and

so many d1stncts as he may 1\1 agist rate may think fit and may appoint one divide area into or more' persons to be registrars districts and. may of births or of deaths, or of births appoint regiStrars and deaths within such district, and may at any time for sufficie~t reason ~ismiss any such registrar and may fill up any vacancy m the office of registrar.

The Magistrate shall cause to be ];1ublished ~ list containing the name and place of office of ever:r r~g1strar 1\1 a g 1 5 t r a t e to in the area, and spec~fymg ~he

ublish list of regis- hours of_ the day durmg wh1c.h frars such reg1strar shall attend at h1s ollke for the purpose of registration.

3. Ev~ry registrar shall have an ~ffice within the district of which he is appointed reg1s~rar, and ~~all

cause his name, w1th the add1bon Every registrar to of registrar of births (or of have an office with- deaths, or of births and deaths in his district according to his appointment) !_or the district for which he is so appointed, and notice of the hours during which he will attend for the purpose 0 r_ registration, to be affixed i~ some conspicuous place on or near the outer door of h1s office.

4. The Magistrate shall cause to be ~repared. a sufficient number of register-books for makmg entnes

of all births or deaths ot both, Magistrate to have according to such forms as the register-books pre- Lieutenant-Governor• may from pared and number- time to time sanction ; and the ed pages of such books shall be numbered progressively from the beginning to the end; and every place of entry shall be also numbered pro­gressively from the beginning to the end of the bo?k, and every entry shall be divided from the followmg entry by a line.

(Sections 5-7)

5. Every registrar shall inform himself carefu~y of every birth, or of every death, o_r of both, ac~ordmg to

. . his appomtment, wh1ch shall R_epstrar to mform happen in his district, and shall hu~~lf !If, a:d register, as soon as conveniently register, buths a d may be after the event without deaths ' .

fee or reward, the particulars required to be registered, according to the forms mentioned in the last preceding section, touching every such birth or every such death, as the case may be, which shall not have been already registered.

6. Every chaukidar or other village-watchman in any area tJ which this Act shall apply, or, where there is no

Chaukidar to obtain particulars and to report to registrar

chaukidar or other village-watch­man, such person as the Magis­trate may appoint, shall be re­quired to report every birth or

death occurring within his beat to such registrar and at such periods as the Magistrate may direct.

• Now District Magistrate-see the Code of Criminal Procedure, 18!18 (Act V of 1893), s. 3 {2).

' Now the Governor in Council of Fort William in Bengal-see the Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and Assam Lav.•s Act, 1912 (VII of 1912), s. 3, and Sch. D, items 1 and 2, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. I, p. 746.

He shall obtain in writing, if possible, and if it is impossible for him to obtain in writini he shall obtain verbally, from any person who is bound to give informa­tion of the birth or death all particulars which are required to be known and registered and he shall report such particulars to the registrar.

Any chaukidar or other village-watchman or other person so appointed who wilfully or negligently refuses

or omits to produce such writing, Penalty for neglect if any, or to report such birth or death, shall be punishable at the discretion of the Magistrate with fine which may extend to two rupees.

7. The father or mother of every child born within such area, or in case of the death, illness, absence or

Persons bound to give information of birtb

inability of the father and mother, the midwife assisting at the birth of such child, shall, within eight days next after the

day of every such birth, give information, either personally or in writing, to the registrar of the district, or by means of the chaukidar or other village-watchman, or other person as provided in the last preceding section, according to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, of the several particulars hereby required to be known and registered touching the birth of such child.

Any person who refuses or neglects to give any information, which it is his duty to give under tbii

section, shall be punishable ·at Penalty for neglect the discretion of the Magistrate with fine which may extend to five rupees:

Provided that not more than one person shall be punishable at the discretion of the Maiistrate for such refusal or neglect to give information.

(Sections 8-10)

8. The nearest male relative of the deceased present at the death, or in attendance during the last illness

Persons bound to give information of death

of any person dying, within such area, or in the absence of any such relative, the occupier of the house, or, if the occupier be the

person who shall have died, some male inmate of the house in which such death shall have happened, shall within eight days next after the day of such death, give information either personally or in writing to the registrar of the district', or by means of the chaukidar or other village-watchman or other person as provided in section 6, according to the best of his knowledge and belief, of the several particulars hereby required to be known and registered touching the death of such person:

Provided· that no person shall be bound to give the name of any female relative.

1 Or any sub-registrar appointed for a burning-ghat or burial ground-see the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 {Ben. Act III of 1884), s. 348, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 845.

As to duty of Medical Officer-in-Charge of Hospital to give notice of death, ·see ibid., s. 349, printed ibid., p. 845.

9A

~ person who refuses or nedects to .ltive &Ill' information which it is his duty to give under this

section., shall be punishable at the Peaalty for aelkcl discretion of the .Magistrate with fine which may extend to five rupees ;

Provided that not more than one person shall be punishable for such refusal or neglect to .nve informa­tion.

11. Any registrar' who refuses or neglects to register any birth or death occurrina within his district, which Peaalty for rertstrar he is bound ~o register, within refw.iDC &o ~r a reasonable bme after he shall

have been duly informed thereof, or demands or accepts any fee or reward or other gratification aa a consideration for making such registry, shall be punishable at the discretion of the Magistrate with ftne which may extend to fifty rupees for each such refusal or neglect.

10. Whoever wilfully makes or causes to be made, for the purpose of being inserted in any register of PeD&ItJ for wWuliJ births or d~aths, any false stat~ driD&' false lDfor- ment touchmg any of the parti­maUoa culars required to be known and

registered, shall be punishable at the discretion of the Magistrate with a fine not exceed­ing fifty rupees.

1 Or any sub-registrar appointed for a burning ghat or a buri~ ground-see ibid., s. 348, printed ibid., p. 845.

\Sections J J, 12) 11. In any place to which the District Municipal

Improvement Act' shall ha\·e been extended, the Bn. Act m of Municipal Commissioners may, 186.& if at a meeting specially con-1\lunidpality under vened for considering such BeD. Act ill of 188-1 question they shall so determine, may arraan for arrange for keeping a register keeping registe-r of of all births or of all deaths or births or deaths or of all births and deaths, occur-both ring within the municipality.

On and after a date to be fixed at such meeting, the Commissioners shall in such case be authorized to pro­vide out of the municipal fund for the employment of a sufficient number of registrars, and for the expenditure necessary for the maintenance of such registers, and shall exercise all the powers of a Magistrate under this Act ; and all the provisions of this Act shall be deemed to apply to such place.

12. The Magistrate of a district' may depute any subordinate .Magistrate to exercise the powers and to

perform the duties vested in the Magistrate maY. de- Magistrate by this Act within pute subordinate . . • 1\lagistrate to dis- such d1stnct or any part thereof. charge his functions

' Ben. Act III of 1864 was repealed by Ben. Act V of 1876, which again has been repealed and re-enacted by the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 (Ben. Act III of 1884), and this reference should now be taken to be made to the latter Act-see s. 2 thereof, printed in the Bengal Code, Ed. 1913-1915, Vol. II, p. 710.

• Now District Magistrate-see the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (Act V of 1898), s. 3 (2).

APPENDIX I

1836

1875 1927 IVOO

1816

1880

1873 l811i 11132 Ill~

1870

Milestones In the development of vital statistics in India and outside

England

En(llan.d • Englaud • United Statee •

• United State. •

India

• Bengal .llladru

• Coorg • Aaeam

Promulgation of Births, Marriages and Deatha Registration Act.

Compulsory registration of live births, deaths and marriagea. Compulsory registration of still births. Compulsory registration of live births, still birth•, deatha aud

marriages. First year of separately published official birth atati11tica for

Birth Regi8tration area of United States. • ·Births, Deaths and Marriage Registration Act: voluntary

and for marriages not in effect for Hindu or .Muslim eommunitiea ..

Birtha and Deatha Registration Act. , Births and Deaths Registration Act. • Births and Deatha Rt>gistration Act. • Birtha and Deatha Registration Act.

APPENDIX D

A raleader of rectstration of vital eveDts from 1870 In Bengal

DNtu by _.s, by mootha, by can-, oam .. ly cholera, amall-pos, fever, bowel complaint., iniunee, namdy auicide, wounda and accidl'nta, anake bite. or killed by wild aoimal.s, all other catuee. Total death• irom all ~aUJM·•·

DNtha by age. namely bom deoad, not esceeding l year, 1 year to 6 yeant, 6 yean to 12 yeant, 12 yean to 20 .YMRo 20 yean to 30 ye&rM, 30 yean to~ yean,~ yean to 50 yean, 50 yea111 to 60 yean, and exceedins oo,.. ....

lk.tu by eommunitiee, namelv Hindu~, l.lu,.limA, ChristianA and other claMee. llirtha by oommunitiN, namely ilindUA, Muslims, Chrilltiana, HuddhU.ta and all other c'-•· llN.tu by oommunitiN aa tha& of 1872, only Buddhh!t. have bee-n inserted.

, Birtht by tes. D.lhl bJaae aooordinc to infanta (children unable to walk), boye and girla, adulta, old people, total.

1~75 1~71\ 1!177 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882

1883 IsM 1!!85 1t;H6 Iss7 18ss 1889 18!10 1891-18!12 1893 18!J4 1895 1896 18!17 18!l8 189!1 1900 1!101. 1902 1!103 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1!109 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 19:!0 1921 1922

19:!3 19:!-l 19:!5 19:!6 19:!7 19:!8 19:!9 1930

1931

1932 1!133 193-l 193.) l!l36

1937 1\l38 1939 19-W

65

APPENDIX ll-contd.

: }xo change. ' , Deaths from suicide according to sex.

}oohw,.. · • Deaths by age according to 0-1 year, 1-5 years, 5-1~ year!!, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, 20-30 years,

30-40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 years and exceeding 60 years.

No change.

Deaths from dysentery and diarrhoea by months.

No change.

Deaths-Registration of attacks and deaths from plague during eaoh month. Deaths-Registration of deaths from plague.

, Deaths-from respiratory diseases.

: }No change. , Deaths-respiratory diseases by months. , Deaths-from plague by months.

}oohM~. , Deaths from rabies.

}··~· • Monthly malaria reports of Hospitals and Dispensaries.

Deaths under one year as under heading under 1 month, between 1-6 months, 6--12 months, total, and 1-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, 20-30 years, 30--40 years, 40-50 years, 50-60 years, 60 upwards ·

and

deaths from causes-malaria, enteric fever, measles, relapsing fever, kala-azar, other . fevers, dysentery and diarrhoea (shown separately), inftuenza, pneumonia, phthisis, other respiratory diseases and death from child birth.

:}No change. ·

, Monthly Kala.-azar reports of Hospitals and Dispensaries.

}••h..go. . • Quarterly statements showing the working of the Bengal Births and Deaths Registration Act, separately for the

MunicipalititJS and the rural areas. Deaths under one month as under heading mal&-nnder one week, over one week, total and ~nnder one

week, over one week, total and total nnder one month. No change. . Registration of births according to chief communities. Deaths of infants under one year by communities. Still births registered according to communities and sex. Deaths from cerebrospinal fever, typhus fever, black water fever, whooping cough, beriberi, acute poliomve-

litis, diphtheria, chicken pox, mumps, T. B. of joints, other tubercular diseases, leprosy and cancer. • .) I • }No change. ·J

Deaths from snake bites and killed by wild animals (shown separately), anthrax, epidemic dropsy, T. B. of meningee · and homicide.

JNJ

1842

1843

·~ 184.5

JNO

1847

1848

1849

1161 •

•J • 1>-tlul ander one mooth aa under beading male-within 24 bourw. oae da7 w ooe w.k, ooe w.k w ooe IDOilth •

\o&al, female-within U boun, one da7 w one wvek, one w.k w one moot.h. total aDd total of llllder one month, bet,_ 1 and 3 months. between 3 montlul w 0 mouths. bet- I .._tlul w l:J moatlul and under 1 ,...,.

• So change.

APPENDIX m

List ol Notifiable Diseases

J-1• c..zc.u. ... c1 o-A 1 Cholura

D-1• otla~ M ""H:ipaliliu

1 Anthrax

t Small-pos

IKNalee

4 Yellow fever

6 Whooping oougb

7 Pneumonia

8 Enteric fever

9 Flague

10 Cerebroapinallleningitia

11 Diphtheria

U Leproe7

13 Tuberculom (rJl for11111)

U Anthrax

15 DJwente'7 (Amoebi~ and BaciUary)

10 RelapGDI fever

17 1)-phua fever

18 Epidrmle Dropo7

It Elrpt:aoU..

2 Chicken pos

3 Dysentery, both Baci11arJ and .Amoebio

4 Measles

5 Relapeiog fever

6 Tuberoulosia of rJl forma

7 Typhus fever '

8 Whooping cough

9 Yellow fever

10 IoJiuenul pneumonia

llLeprosy

. 12 Epidemic drope7

13 Diphtheria

Ill-1• Barul Arta

1 Cholera

2 Small-pos

a JoBIHllllla

' Typhoid Mer

6 TJPhiM !eYer

0 RelapAog fever

7 IMIIbr'OIIpioal JDelliol(iW

8 lleri Beri

'PlN1»

67

APPENDIX IV

Births and Deaths since 1870 in Districts of West Bengal

Burdwan Blrbbum Banknra Mldnapnr Hoogbly Howmb 2&-Parganae y- ,...-."--. .....--..... .....--..... .....--..... ,...._...._._., ....--.... ....-"---\

B D B D B D B D .B D B D b D ' 1870 11,726 2.032 2,298 3,174 ,,325 612 0,320

1871 29,864 14,94i 2,793 11,881 6,666 3,si2 17,171 1872

333 26,963 192 13,274 638 4,077 21,210 1,642 6,841 6,067 674 111,726 1873 2,327 1874 786 1,923 209 3,:l61 583 1,168 6.531 6,294 2,341 2,984 4,934 1,407 1,618

1,418 2,6119 194 2,047 772 1,006 3,478 3,342 2,629 3,171 2,606 6,652 1,21!8 1,724 1875 1,729 3,033 203 6,320 914 1,256 4,226 2,707 4,042 6,390 2,018 3,781 979 1,6117 1876 2,165 26,317 U,216 17,937 8,953 7,089 4,6111 44,163 6,112 8,272 11,148 13,853 37,732 87,412 1877

1878 1,139 39,360 148 17,253 1,070 12,629 1176 44,290 862 9,337 1,620 13,613 6,402 66,478 111711 1,026 36,826 143 11,816 947 9,452 886 30,020 665 6,764 1,098 7,46& 4,623 26,466 1880 632 29,327 17,971 1,242 14,694 715 39,611 756 11,874 1,979 10,21!5 4,406 41,418 1~81 739 41,010 26,657 1,101 27,284 625 66,871 858 15,686 2,079 11,652 6,102 88,667 18M2 940 49,297 27,285 1,037 33,659 405 62,019 871 16,378 1,863 9,689 6,470 33,620 1H83 966 89,092 20,634 1,150 21,121 618 61,846 802 14,206 1,951 12,146 6,669 32,408 18M4 882 33,198 20,668 1,220 19,033 716 60,773 1,022 13,486 2,789 12,357 6,418 31,713 1HH6 936 35,626 2,248 1,100 18,943 611 51,324 963 16,3ijl 2,470 13,692 6,429 31,703 l8H6 763 27,126 16,256 894 17,616 517 53,114 1,679 13,994 2,191 11,870 6,017 40,630 1HM7 1,141 • 27,046 21,168 816 16,624 1,452 65,424 1,925 13,384 2,022 12,682 8,338 46,634 1MM8 1,458 29,627 106 21,067 870 19,498 1,603 69,209 2,21!5 15,464 2,162 14,867 8,803 48,197 1HH9 1,643 83,918 129 21,738 941 21,711 1,886 68,299 301 16,623 2,418 15,107 6,035 82,&78 1H90 1,367 28,251 117 19,474 1,106 18,601 2,0lfj 61,!132 2,619 16,695 2,221 16,064 4,810 36,1100 1891 1,891 86,826 122 24,512 1,263 20,678 2,138 7,458 1,272 19,593 2,351 18,500 6,170 46,786 1~92 84,977 46,443 22,204 26,297 25,882 23,727 66,8H 81,207 23,014 35,566 20,250 3,307 39,242 10,186 1~93 48,430 86,196 82,409 23,172 84,966 20,943 87,105 66,616 38,638 33,&88 24,773 18,488 64,708 41,101 1894 40,980 48,119 25,925 28.686 84,869 33,067 77,487 7:!,066 29,008 36,728 24,146 20,991 48,908 45,050 18P6 41,688 48,002 28,888 26,448 84,837 30,771 93,6P4 73,677 28,183 40,003 25,013 25,379 48,693 66,082 1896 43,313 47,952 29,630 26,120 41,698 82,557 88,773 80,637 27,794 40,159 24,973 25,081 48,ll63 66,81!:! 1~97 46,111 41,669 82,062 23,738 38,431 28,546 94,762 74,649 31,885 83,999 27,970 22,391 59,607 46,212 1898 45,822 29,866 81,983 17,157 88,101 20,104 91,108 64,040 27,799 29,396 25,975 22,156 62,938 42,136 1899 62,454 86,168 85,064 20,626 44,063 22,480 105,236 66,188 81,214 81,006 27,720 25,386 60,633 61,730 1900 47,271 45,292 82,387 22,365 40,664 26,493 95,574 76,314 29,611 33,569 27,528 28,802 60,626 66,127

Cenona population 1901 1,628,290 906,891 1,116,411 2,789,114 1,049,041 850,614 2,156,981

1901 48,451 45,810 34,401 23,089 40,299 30,203 89,620 92,728 29,736 87,287 26,287 26,942 57,676 . 48,194 l\ltl2 61,123 52,653 84,367 24,117 87,222 37,061 86,033 115,106 81,669 42,668 26,882 29,996 66,144 62,480 1903 48,401 60,186 83,722 24,882 37,169 35,687 9!!,543 86,759 80,311 89,465 25,970 28,942 66,901 64,799 1904 67,671 ",806 86,768 26,156 43,269 27,883 102,860 71,948 86,662 34,688 81,253 26,186 69,657 6!1,628 1906 ' . 60,382 64,629 80,918 29,876 40,488 84,364 93,056 93,839 83,796 37,621 29,084 28,288 68,647 60,477 1!106 45,384 63,699 27,711 36,040 89,735 84,010 87,844 100,698 30,363 84,138 26,280 26,19!1 64,111 69,214 1!107 60,953 64,901 60,953 64,901 41,550 88,331 91,789 99,272 34,274 42,729 28,862 29,309 63,952 66,974 1908 40,326 68,892 26,956 44,117 83,872 42,676 91,204 !<5,911 31,787 37,679 28,216 24,932 71,580 69,94& 1909 48,872 39,763 81,866 25.897 88,463 30,317 97,799 62,836 86,232 30,329 28,203 22,033 79,988 49,148 1910 62,894 40,951' 36,052 24,879 48,629 31,987 97,522 67,211 35,986 29,765 28,890 20,153 74,4!19 61,630

C•nona population 1911 1,588,874 040,162 1,138,670 2,821,201 1,090,097 943,502 2,478,336

1!111 49,484 41,890 34,687 27,499 43,607 32,122 95,202 72,109 86,818 33,661 80,320 22,488 80,616 60,424 1!112 46,672 48,894 82,109 32.288 40,734 33,801 89,815 94,875 34,446 38,333 81,189 26,598 76,645 72,857 1913 46,075 ?S:~g~ 83,419 30.819 40,064 40,389 81,877 88,631 29,930 37,824 28,318 28,368 67,677 64,386 1916 46,796 82,379 43,702 88,681 46,062 90,417 77,289 30,497 34,739 28,913 27,076 73,340 62,208 11116 38,933 63,728 22,598 41.649 83,451 38,196 88,125 88,003 31,387 35,601 28,400 26,917 66,698 71,688 l\l16 49,672 49,616 31,276 30,703 86,012 36,777 83,8tl9 82,657 33,640 34,018 31,012 22,610 67,443 64,192 1917 68,886 46,935 85,405 24,668 84,617 81,144 85,662 78,969 35,945 33,704 29,846 24,344 73,129 61,184 1\118 44,686 79,689 82,888 46,418 87,219 66,9M1 78,206 107,385 27,995 51,459 27,242 30,3611 69,509 73,219 11>19 82,667 77,676 22,174 58,252 28,482 41,588 68,410 113,260 23,464 39,361 25,432 33,086 57,667 83,436 1U20 39,676 66,642 25,836 40,876 84,386 88,428 76,531 97,895 29,966 38,759 28,065 34,011 59,718 85,147 <'<DBUI population 1921 1,434.,771 861,725 1,019,941 2,666,660 1,080,142 997,403 2,636,710 1P~1 89,489 62,532 28,842 82,648 82,134 89,035 70,655 82,462 27,643 34,999 26,518 28,695 56,934 77,666 Ht!2 42,752 89,007 29,970 22.436 36,961 27,403 76,689 64,396 28,111 29,036 26,343 25,695 64,839 64,014 ~~~3 48,608 87,329 31,662 22.969 84,369 24,732 77,033 62,874 30,720 27,367 29,175 22,164 66,254 61,414 1~~· 39,508 86,852 31,871 24.221 84,188 28,887 72,568 65,889 27,396 27,658 27,217 24,246 68,452 63,212 19~5 47,368 35,276 87,010 21,076 38.268 24,201 79,273 60,044 28,831 27,804 27,506 24,434 64,123 68,987 1!1~6 46.038 86,880 35,427 24.778 40,070 25,640 82,205 67,236 26,968 26,604 28,207 30,728 64,441 65,810 19~7 42,888 87,921 31,036 24,663 82.435 25,798 69,936 64,229 24,291 26,229 24,345 29,010 57,008 63,225 ~~~8 41,636 87,676 81,762 25,059 35,214 23.986 . 79,848 63,838 27,510 27,922 27,754 26,062 68,067 69,597 1U~9 45,061 35,297 86,290 21,701 88,043 27,187 87,651 57,313 27,643 21,828 26,960 21,829 73,749 62,451 1Q30 36,310 83,817 84,901 24,838 31,086 26,936 74,225 55,730 26,840 22,045 24,820 21,202 66,184 48,616 Oensnl popllatlon U31 1,675,699 947,654 1,111,721 2,799,093 1,114,255 1,098,867 2,888,694 1!>81 42,5911 85,258 85,699 27.827 81,468 25,484 78.016 62,958 27,835 22,804 28,208 20,325 73,761 48,582 1\1:<2 39.810 34,511 81,4~2 27,146 28,182 21,406 72,045 68,734 27,314 2:l.8&6 27,270 19,5a7 68,819 48,217 1~:'\:\ 46,649 89,108 38,181 29,752 84,102 27,440 81,727 61,497 31,721 26,000 29,420 21,2~4 71,532 45,397 lll:l4 40,187 89,216 30,670 31,496 84,433 30,005 78.173 62,202 30,169 25,345 29,61!0 21,777 77,640 62,522 1\l:la 43.928 81,522 35,536 24.549 36,708 26,H9 91,998 62,167 38,030 24,506 32,821 22,515 87,320 36,81>0 )';t\6 46,838 27,210 87,519 23.113 42,295 23,715 87,844 63,3:Jl 37,841 20,!:.62 3:J,155 25,356 79,719 63,429 11l:l7 44.411 29,260 25,621 24.713 41,019 27,210 84.813 61,274 38,550 25,458 32,8al 21,124 79,621 -~ ... 11 1~:\8 46.847 43.f>88 84,091 28.628 39,774 28,612 H,463 66,290 31,983 30,769 28,036 24,127 71,967 69,3.211 1~:{9 45,778 .5,059 30.~94 !!9.217 3!<,598 28.634 89,1l85 61.052 30,221 24,319 81,343 21,097 86,314 47,11111 1~40 52,208 86,769 34,761 22,246 38,642 24,800 ' 90,6ti7 61,!158 37,436 20,680 31,159 18,198 90,785 48,933 (';,- popalatJoD 11141 1,890,782 1,048,317 1,289,640 8,190,1147 l,S77;72G 1,490,304 8,6611,490 1941 60.1;0! Sfl,518 86.014 23.178 86,930 27,042 ~2.120 54,342 36,460 22,216 29,404 20,6!.!1 88,790 67,903 1'#4:! f>2,S46 84.301 37.098 22 t'.W 38.816 25.881 71,7'6 60,635 3'),324 21,159 23,628 17,027 80,868 .9,170 194:1 4!.S'28 47,467 83,221 40,489 88,~08 40,170 74.819 12!,7a9 32,840 27,493 25,51!0 34,674 63,335 90,831 11144 36.357 48.fiM 21,1\91 41,200 !!4,160 31.484 65,792 711,124 28.610 29.385 27,817 311.818 61,785 84,65(1 1114~ 38,797 86,~411 24,626 29.947 81,163 ~5.9U 85.~49 57,661 2~.~92 23,971 26,580 28,813 6:!,078 67,077 11146 48.HS ss,o1tl 30,303 81,761 88,430 f!{ 2:14 1'0 2t15 l'a.2711 85.(1~6 22,1911 26,775 24,509 74,574 48,340 11't7 40.~Hl 115,614 ~.:!:l7 26.903 29,4';1 ~f1.54:! 71.~24 (.7,6:34 30,0311 22,904 21.547 21.313 69,133 .5,178 )\148 117.171 S..H4 26.247 2!!,997 27,480 ~4.<>:!\j 76.5~1 69,273 2t1,564 22,2<!4 20,572 24,4117 61,8~ .11,103 1949 40,1lli l$2,520 . 26.5Nl ~4.680 29,!145 e~YJ:-a 78.366 59.11411 27.1'<1:14 20.M5 21,687 22.0711 114,172 .7,403 b:.O as.~ ao,ns 20,431 23,410 25,421 21,484 74,704 63,4:!7 26,254 19,237 21,337 20,&.111 60,5M ~.178 ~-~1851 2,1111,867 1,066,8..'\9 1,319,2511 3,3511,022 1,364,320 1,611,373 4,8011,8011 ~ ~toi.fBht.ll 1,__ '"- Munidpallty ucitmrn Ollly for 1~7S, 1874, 1878-1~91. DIEtri<t birth flgt~m~..., - tompld.o for tbe ,._., 1871. ~are &Y or tbe "* lli7l u Uw rep<d llllllilooiDc- llinh llgurea are oot available Tor l.be :reu 1&;0 and 187i due eo no~

68

APPEYDIX IV~ncld. Births &act nnu.s sa.e 11':1 Ia Districts of West ~ocld.

eur.ua •..n. ·~ ..... Dt.ajper lalpaigvt ~ .... ,_ ,.........._ ,.........._ ,.........._ ,.........._ ,.............. ,.............. ---• D • D • D • D • D • D • D

·~· 1,12'7 I,Ut 1,171 IH w 1,0H

1o071 1•71

u4i u4i r,4ai u,o6i l.oU T~ a,llii 1•71 t7t ~ ~ r87 147. 1.- a.ooi fo><t t~i 7118 6:13 Ull 1.~ '" 1•n 1.141 1.1>~· 164 1.>4 11<18 .. Ul 1o7t u~i

llW Ill ~ 1,11;.c) 11.~ 1 .. d '·"'"' sui i

i,lM 1,04t 847 1.1 \lo) ~;,· 1.Ul 1171 1,210 1"'77 1,4;';7 U,7ot U,l\10 t7,4-""t S><,lloliJ 11,11!1 4<l.~tll I,SU 6,7\}$ 6a l,l"'lt 11,:!87 1.1.4~· I•••

1 ...... 1,4¥1 ........ 1,1111 33, .. ,.., .. ••• :II .. 1!111 "·"'"' u 1.~7· Ull 11,111

1•7t 11,044 1.1~· 1$,1"7 1,131 :t~.l!f8 .. l!ll,117t •• .>,a.,_ Sl! 77t IM IO,:t:lll 10000 7;.:.1 11, ... 1 1,811 MI,4:>Q 1!4.- 13.~ ... ;,~j· "" 8211 11,606 1••1 1,144 k.MI 17,i"7 ~.431 ll.tfll u I,O:.t 1/>,IM .. ...... 11.4110 1,1&1 7t.46t 11.'792 110l.in6 tt.":• 60 1,0«11 1 ...... ...... IO,.UI l.HO 1o11.a1 llll.t67 :t~.<'<IO IU,,.ltl 61 1,;3& u.~41 ·- 1 .. 47 ···- :u,tuo lUI.fl\17 11.3111 •• l.llllO I;J.OU 1 ....

r.-i8 11,447 8114 n.r..• i\1,11\13 12.234 16.111 7:t l.t'<"'

~~ .. HI "·"" 7,3"1 Sll,lllt 2,1141 414 4,047 n.o:!i 1 .... 7 7.11~ IO,tl;t 1,1041 44,6111

1.6~i 14.17:1 41l.046 1,11:.7 .. 4,4;10 1i0 to,;;6

1•"'1 ll.fo41 11,111<6 1,161 I>I,S•O lfl,32l\ 171 "'·0~8 U,14t In~ 6,1137 :tiiS 2ll,ll114 ." .. 1,761 11,11111 1.1147 18,1U l.'ft\9 ·~.l:t3 ll}:t 4:&,60\lt 111.~311 liOi 6,834 6:tl 17,4JI 1- 1,t<:t6 1:!,678 1,:,27 241.4:111 :ttl :I 41,1'<1:1 tM lll,t77 It !I 41,ll-'<O

·~· 18.~~7 ......

1.1ii IU7t 1,!157 71.6fll 1,11109 40,r,'fl9 214 M,;!,.S ll10!1 ~-~.1~8 370 7.11<17 6U I.UO

I""' 61,730 r.!l,o;..l 41,11<\8 40,ft78 !,11\141 u.~7t 17.1211 !:1,1\~~ 1.11110 11,1121 lt,ll77 lt\,.'1114 1""' 1,411:1 211.111 tll.b7t 4\0,IIH ..... ~1 ~.!Jt7 87,758 60,21>1 2:. .. 1\J~ 2t1,530 ll.1:l8 11,\J\141 '·'"' 8~.1H7 ..... 4 1l,UI! tt,441 6:1,1 &4 eo.Ot:l U,II<>O 4a,l!14 61,6fl8 6Y,Iffl3 lll,II~O 2->.::!tia, 41.~u;t 11.84$ 17,4116 :12,11:18 1 ..... , IO.totr. u.o:n 67.~>s 113 ...... 411,3:<3

····"· w.a;-8 6ti.Uil :U,tJ;!l u.all 7 .Ot\U 8,3116 111,700 2 ... 1\16

1•1141 U,81>3 u,a:.l 8!i,02:1 69,4[l8 f>t.- 40,\1~11 411,111 ....... 1 lllUU 27,1:,1 7.U6 l1,4M7 14,604 ~~.7l"l 10117 u.a~4 U.etr. 71,4>00 42,11111 66,"47 3!l,AtHS 412,1140 61,1><11 U,tli\4 23.1611 7,2Y7 11,4U 8l!,628 27,411:1 1M\14 11.6311 !IJ,IU M,lltt 10.3114 64,a:JI !10.1124 82,b6i 6:1,406 24,3118 22,743 7,4;;G 8,"" 33,1!76 1;,,1127 1MII9 11.111•4 u.~u ?8.7"1 60,t<tt7 eu.~o 6VIOI 1111,1177 411,688 ll4,ll!IU ll3,4j0 11.1144 11,01.10 8l!,ll46 41,361 ltlUO 11),771 N,7l:3 10,81!4 ti,IIU 61,111JII 411,740 41~.4:11 17,i~Si 18,734 IO,i71 8,6~11 ll,UIII

v.- popUdDa 1101 tto,oaa 771,!01 1.a21,ts8 4~,601 644,11041 1611,117 101,641

lOIII 1.121 U,4!\e 70.497 66,098 64,11:11 44,871 811,6911 611,841 16,8% 211,027 11,021 11,764 ..... , 11.121 11,410 418,471 88,640 67,llloll 60,63:1 77.856 ~~.001 111.01'11 26,618 8,6311 8,11114 1\0'tl 11.1~:1 29,7116 60,1141 117,11:10 66,241 411,4711 113,3!>8 63,Si•l 14.11!>3 211,103 ti,OlS 11,7117 110014 l!l,l!:.o 17,323 72.11014 41".870 68,2:141 61.763 117,7~2 113.678 27,1100 27,443 11.o:.11 ll.~:.:il ..... , 16,4137 U,l"1 41i,111t 77.~18 68,448 641,1611 70,1711 ~~.81141 l!II,OUII lld,U87 8.11~1 11,1:13 u,oue as,7P' ...... 16.0"1 111.~118 62.61}0 116,1';8 60,211'> 411,2112 11,047 1o,o;a 11'117 111.224 81,1141 414,0~& 76.1137 62.3::3 67,111<4

1s,1os !2,1168 l!3,7ilt 7,467 11,11&6

t7,oee ....... 17,041 17,8t'll 111.11118 111,71>6 61,1117 46.0 .. 41 10,218 8,6141 11,111>0 18,7211 1111 .. 111.4~1 2~.11441 811,448 !1,877 410,11:!8 36.1121 llt,U2 1~.111111 21,6M:il 23,11111 8,6io1 11,:11111 8ll,1~7 1!!.~441

IIIlO 17,101 23,728 18,1161 16,114141 413,165 44.074 ii,UIO 111,72~ 23,414 ~~.;v• 11,311 V,f\t\lf, 80,111/ll lll,6WI

c-. po,.UOS 1811 0118,011 77i,tl8e 1,846,071 6011,667 8411,281 20.;,660 8118,647

11111 19,6U U.311t 8ll,1 114 211.838 611,4'>G 47,7111 111,671 111,11311 28,464 14,814 11,151 0,1131 111,064 211,721 IIIII 111,4~41 ~~.llllll 81,611 80,0116 611,411 1i11,70ll 20,0411 1!!,6!!1 22,31<8 22,11111 11,211! 11,~110 26,6611 80,4711

IIIII . 111.~"8 211.1~!1 30,114! 30,211 67,HII 62,6>-11 111,708 111,4114 2ll,ll7 21,364 i,074 10,741 27,111141 u.v~ll

11114 17.3-t 2~.4:11 211,or.s 40.4~2 60.8111 70,2~4 111,72:1 17,3441 23,1211 21,1<fll ~.731 11,71111 117,714 111,a4

1111~ 11,6711 2~.6110 llll,1!141 81,6\17 44,714 412,0411 211,1111 18,031 23,3!!1 21,600 11.071 11,621 23,721 2!!.~11\J

IIlli 111,737 U,lll'l! 211,471 2&,;ve 6l,UO 4f>,74ll 17,7641 17,1~41 21,360 lU,633 8,403 10,6111 211,1441 22,744

11117 18,!o417 :21,31\0 31,1111 :t6,3tll 611,6111 47,873 10,2116 1!!,0i>6 23,641 ~H,t'65 11,3411 10,UI 80,¥ll7 2~.136

1111" 111.1841 al,S71 24,11411 43,1411 110,2411 7g,IJtiO 1!!,7114 l!ll,l!a6 21,~!!11 31,1148 8,!!~3 14.110 24,0311 811,4~8

1"11 lll,bft6 17,1'311 21.1,7111 14,7~" 311,1114 414 ... 1111 lii,UI41 ~~~.1211 I!U,450 26,1!1!11 7,11641 12,.61 11,418 117,31111

... .:0 16,176 ~~.11;0 1!1,8.>8 11,41:ll 47,81!8 61,~1> 111,200 111,11411 2:1,441 111,lli>:l 8,0i>8 U,tiUO 13,0~ 21,6118

ee- toPIIIaUoll1921 1,0Sl,ll117 711,700 1,224,181 41}0,434 41114,050 181,74• 11841,174

111'!1 17,301 ll0,311~ t~.!f\8 ll,Ob~ 49,r.47 49,378 111,231 18,31}0 10,176 10,176 8,368 11.1111 14,427 10,01111

Ill !".I 17.3411 24.1\101 %b,ll71 l!:ll,lfoll 41!,446 36,11741 16,318 U,l82 111,0141 17,044 8,1110 10.- !IJ,ll111 14,11114

111!8 1~.21t ll.>,!lst IIO,:i!t8 21,1130 6~.11711 :13,1!411 17,7'10 17,7741 ~~.637 U,lll41 11,6<141 11,4~1 u, ... l 17,1110

l11t6 U,l\1101 81 ... ~1 l!>,t14i ¥1,0"3 U,3P'8 33,111)$ 17,1132 11>,111!3 20,114111 20,4;)8 11,463 10,11141 10,11113 18,174

Itt!& III,Sfl 1;,111~ 1111,11"1 16,01tll 611,11111 311,070 1g,111tO 17,043 111,1114 17,761 11,6~11 11,1!!4 17,11411 !11,001 ... :. I >I, lilt 17,371 tO,S:II 22,7111 41!,b1JII 43,1127 U,1!78 10,466 17,4•2 18,237 V,470 8,4611 lu,417 U,IIU7

111!7 U,HO lll,fltu ¥3,11411 2<1,11~1 60,6\111 112,61111 111,&17 17.3110 22,~114 17, .. 117 l,lf,l 7,11211 23,6118 ¥11,1144

Ill!" !:l,IMII 14,1111 14,:.11& 11,11110 1'13,ll37 !17,041 111,321 17,11211 2t,ll0tl 111,1127 10,3341 8,!!114 113,0141 u,on

111'11 !:!.fMt) ll!,\1!!1 24,3:07 U,!lft3 1>!>,1111 8(),406 14,334 14,41111 ~~.:.:44 17,7all 10,1144 1,766 I2,111Jl 111,771

IIIlO U,1U ll,IU lu,u& 14,4011 43,11311 40,4111 13,11411 U,ll7tt llt,at41 17,7411 11,11117 1,1137 111,011 :U,:t46

~ papu.aa..un 1,140.881 7!1,11117 1,170,177 618,077 7311,1410 1111,4116 720,440

1.,1 tt,47T !IO,t.U !3.1101 U,ll!>4 61,6113 ~~.2~1 15,M9 U,Oit 23,1>1!8 11,2118 11,764 8,986 It, lit lll,f\30

1111:1 U.ll:tS llol,llll Ill.""" ll:t.410 60,11;11 3:1,121 141,617 14,13!1 2J,ll47 17, .. 71 11,461 •• 7~11 11,414t . 16,11~·

11111 :tl.H41l 1:..176 ~7.111Cl 24,0~7 l>oi,Uit a.-4.77tl 18,11<1/t ..... ~i 24.1~8 I ~.HIIO 12,4M3 11,471 24,7111!1 l.lt,1Jf'4

111\4 U,717 14,3~ ~~.as !1,1~4 4~.7~1 41,1137 t8,:.w U,041 %4,5111 110,7~1 11,1146 JO,lltlt u.~~~• Ill, I :Ill

au• r:..ss4 14,11VS h,f\4\ll u.w• 64,111:1: lltl,tll4 u.4~1 u,uo u.~6t 111,1~!1 lll,lllll 10,3117 14,667 14,6107 , .... Sol,411~ 17,144 IIU,6U 17,1)004 M,4o!S 1~.1111 I!!,!< Ill lii,UI %6,4114 ~·.1>~11 u.4~Z 10.171 te,ll11 16.~1111

11111 ttl.~~ IS,4111t ll,lr.<41 !1,3116 60,~111 s:..- U.ll~ll 18,»40 ¥.>,347 ¥1,0114 U.1~tt 10,771 111,7311 16,11<\l

....... , .. ,t:.e a:.,a:.e U,S>'fl ":!,UII 61,4111 17 ,I :.0 16,1111 H,U4 :1!6,4114 Zli,Ufll lll,231 IU,441 lll,l:tll 14,b47 ..... '"·t:-t) U,IU 17,1111 17,!Wtl 411,1:>4 U.0~7 11.7110 Jll,3lill Z6,!1fo4 ¥1,4711 u.s~• 11,1bl 10,4>14 13,771

INO 1 .. ,7:141 ll,&U ll,!tlt:& l11,4n 67,4t'll 10,671 11,1111 11,0611 14,841 U,l!OO 11,41111 "·""' 111,41211 U,tf14

c-...,.a.u..1141 . 1,108,111 840,!101 1,140,._ 1113,484 845,701 171,100 144,111

IN1 ~.!90 14,1TI til. II!" lt.318 H,71\.11 11,431 14.171 10,7~1 tl,D:tO !0,4311 ll,lflt 10,TIT 11,!11 11,221 .... lii.~Sf !6,6114 ltl,41111 lii,IU ·~ .... a.I,US 111.4"11 11 ...... 113,7at 1\1,1101:1 IU,"'"' Jl),ll71 l:l,ltiJ4 1,760

1 .... 111,6.'>11 ~~~,... !'~.!UJ' 17,1111 16,741 ·~.071 1&,%17 11.1116 U,1141 211, ... ,. 11,11118 11,:t68 I0,%37 li,Ul .... !1,\131 61.f'4S. a; ,1>41 1 ....... rv.IU 611,1111 14,11:141 u.~~~<~ 18,111 17,316 7,1141 ll,btll u.~al 14,7111 .... , !7 .:u 41,&;11 14,141 :U,IISI

····~ 411,1117 ···"'"7 16,3~7 1-t,f,;$ !6,2117 IO,ll\l7 10,tr.lll ~~.MIS lu,C.fl

•••• 11,411 16,117 t,:,,"'-:1." 14.~~· 47,634 411,7111 17,1111t1 16,371 U,llll 2J,4~0 10,4>10 t,U:I6 U,IIU 111,~641 ... , 11.~•4 4\,IU Zl,\114 .... ~,.. .. __ , S3,t-76 11,1<141 u.as "·""' •~.740 11,4111 11,&31 U,6:tll ll,:.:o•l ..... .. >.Sfl ......... 11,711' lll.u:lll 4%,11'2 • Z,.,kl "·"'' u.~..a !11,• .. 7 l•.ld7 11,.8111 a.;w lli,J7t Ji,IM1 .... .7.~U 4l,llfll 10,1\110 111, .. 7 4&.11->oU l!t<,l>llt 17,7u•t 11,374 !7,UVI •~.toll 11,6 .. 1 8,2flt ll,wT 12,M4

1- 61o,:IUI U.,1 ... 1; ..... ....... 11,.141 l!t,l>ol7 U,OIO U,ll&l6 "·""' u,a .... ll~llll 1,744 1•.0ZU lll,4 ..

~ .............. . 1,148,.C01 1.144,1:14 \,716.76f 7J11,171 11&,1a 446,JeO 117,1110

Jr.JI.-I'IIrtlit ,._ ,._ ••*'pe.l"•...,. ..... ..ty ,,. \071, ltC&, 1"7~110111. Dlotrto-1 blrtll Ike-.,. ".:4 .,._J>i,.u r.-. U.. ..., lo974 • r..-.,. .. a..a.w.r ... \M ,_1.71• ..... ,. ..... ••hof· ....... r.,._ ................. , .• &lie,_ 1•70 ... 111·: .... "'...-..-......

69

APPENDIX V

Good and bad repstration areas by districts of West Bengal: Birth rate-Municipalities-1941

(Per mille of population)

Distriot

Burdwan

Birbhum

Banknra

.Midnapur

Hooghly

Howrah

24-Parg&naa •

Calcutta

Nadia

Mnrahida.bad.

Jalp&iguri

Darjeelivg

Maida. •

l CENSll'l

•

•

•

Below 10 p.m.

• Asansol

• Suri

Banknra Bishnupnr

• Kharar.

• Rishra • Bansberia

• Howrah Bally

• Tollyganj Khardah Panihati Barrackpnr Naihati Halisahar Kanchra para Baraaat • Gobard&nga •

•

• Ransghat

• Jiag&nj.AaiJDganj • 'K&Ddi •

. ...

Between 10 and 20 p.m.

• Burdwan Katwa • Raniganj

• Sonamukhi

.Midnapur Ghatal • Tamluk

Konnagar Baidyabati Uttarpara

. Kotrung Bhadreshwar Champdani

• Garden Reach • Ba.ruipur •

Budge Budge Rajpnr

• North Dum Dum • South Dum Dum • Garuta • North Barrackpur

Taki South Suburbs Jaynagar-.Majilpur Bhatparat Kamarhati Basirhat Titagarh Bad uri&

• Birnaga.r Cha.kda.h

• llurah.ida bad •

•

•

Above 20 p.m.

• Kalna • Dainhat

• Chandrakona • Ramjibanpur •• Khirpai

• Hooghly-Chinsurah Arambag

• Serampur

• DumDum • Baranagar

Calcutta

• Krishnagar ~ Na.badwip

Sa.ntipur

Berbampur Jangipur Dhulian

Jalpaiguri

Darjoelin Kur~~eon,.' Kalimpong

Engliahbuar OldK&Wa

10

Blrbham

70

APPENDIX V-contd.

. Good aacl ba4 rellstntloa areas b7 distrieta of West BeDPI: Birtb ra&e-PoUee S&atloD-1~9

•

.BelowlOp.m.

• Kahi • Balaupur • Khandaghoeh Mante.war • Jamuria

• lndaa • Barjora

• Dupur • Panakura

:rankrail·

~-- 10 aad 20 p.m.

• Bunhraa • Memari • Galsi • Ausgram • Kalna

Katwa Ketagram Faridpur Kaaba Aaaa8ol Raaiganj Ondal Raina Jamal pur Bhat&r PurbaathaU Mangal.kot Barabani

Sainthia Dubrajpur lllambaaar Bolpur Naaoor Ram pur hat Mayureewar Buri Raj nagar Khayrasol Labpur Murarai

Baakura • Saltora •

Mejhia Onda Jaypur Patrasair Gangajalghati Indpur Khatra Chhatna Simla pal Vishnupur Sonamukhi Kotulpur Raipur

• Khargpur • Daataa • Mohanpur

Debra • Keahpur Pingla • Ghatal Tamluk Butahata Pataapur Ramnagar Midnapur Salbaai Jhargram &bang Gopiballavpor Nayagram Chandrakona Mahlual Naadigram Cootai Bhagwanpur Jthedpo

Abon 20 p.m •

• Muha!DIIladbazar • Nalhati

Taldangra • Raaibandh

• Jambaai • Binpur • Garhbeta • Moyna

Ke.Wari :Narayaagarh

APPENDIX V-eontd.

Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Birth rate-Police Statio.u-19D-contd.

District

Hooghly

Howrah

24-Parganu •

Nadia •

Hlllllhidabad. •

Below 10 p.m.

• M.agra • Polba • Haripal Khanalml Jangipa.ra Uttarpara Bhadreswar • Chinsurah

• Bally • Domjur Sankrail Jagacha Jagatballavpur Pane hi& IDuberia Amta Bauria

• Tollyganj Metiabruz Budge Budge Baruipur Sonarpur Bhangar Jayuagar Noapara Titag&rh Naihati Bijpur • Habra • Behala • Mahesh tala Bishnupur Canning Kha.rdah Jagadd&l Baraaat Gaighata Bangaon Swarupnagar Kakdwip Magrahat Mathurapur

• Chakdah

• Berhampur Town •

Between 10 and 20 p.m.

• Pandua • Dhaniakhali • Ba.laga.rh

Tan.kelnrar • Arambag • Goghat • Pursura • Sera.mpur

Singur

• Bagnan • Shyampur

• DumDum • Amdanga • Rajarhat

Basirhat Hasnabad

• Sandesh.khali • Baduria • Haroa • Diamond Harbour

Kulpi • Falta • Sagar • Deganga

• Krishnagar .. Nabadwip Nakasipara Tehatta Ranagh&t Santi pur Kaliganj Karim pur Krishnagauj Haringhata Ha.ns\bali

• Nawada Raniuagar • Mmshidabad • Bhan.tpur Kandi •

~ Nabagram Ji.aga.nj Bhagwaugtda La.lgola Bunran Bllti JWdaDga

,

A.bcml zo p.m.

• Chanditala

• Chapra

• Domkal • Sagardighi • Baghunathg&nj

Jalangi • Sameerpnj

lOA

APPENDIX V--contd.

Goo4 aM W rqhtratioa areaa b7 district& .t Wea& Beapl: Bidb rale-Poliee Statiou-19~d.

!Mtrio' :BelowlOp.m. B4K- 10 lllld %0 p.m. Abo .... 20p.m •

Halda • • • • • .Kharba . JiarWichandrapur • . Engliahbuar Xaliaobak • . Ratua • . lllllli.kchak

Gajol . . Bamangola Maida Babibpur

w.-Dmajpur Kuhmandi . . Kumarganj Tapan . . Raiganj Gangarampur . Hili Balurgha' . Kaliaganj ltahar • . Bemtabad Ran•hihari

Jalpaiguri • • • • MailUiguri • • • . Jalpaiguri . Rajganj Alipur DuanJ • . Mal

Falakata KalchiDi Nagrakata Madarihat Matiali Kumarganj Dhupguri

Darjeelina • • • • Siliguri • Klll'BeOng Pulbazar . . Phansidewa Jore-Bunglow . Sukhiapokri Kalimpong . . Rangli Rangliot

Mirik Darjeeling Kharibari Garubathan

Good aad bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-Municlpallties-19i9

Jlurdwllll

:&irbhum Bankura

MidDapur

• Burdwan Dainhat Raniganj AaallBOI

• Suri • Bankura

Vishnu pur • .Kharar

• Rishra • Kotrung Champdani • Konnagar

• Bally • • Tollyganj •

Garden Reach Baruipur • • Jaynagar Majilpur • DumDum • • North Dum Dum South Dum Dum Garulia North Barrack pur Barnckpur . Baliaahar Kanchrapara Kam.arhati Baraa' Khardah Paniha&i Buirha'

~ Radwla

• Sonamukhi

• Ghatal Tamluk Ramjibanpur Chandrakona

• Banaberia • Arambag • Baidyabati • Bhadreewar

Uttarpara

• Budge Budge • Rajpur. • Naihati • South Suburb• • Titagarh

Kalna Katwa

• Midnapur • Khirpai

• Hooghly Serampur

Howrah • Bhatpara • Baranagar

73

APPENDIX V-t:ontd.

Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-MUD.icipalities-1949-concld.

District Below 10 p.m. Between 10 and 20 p.m. Above 20 p.m.

Calcutta . Calcutta Nadia . Ranaghat .. . Krishnagar . . Nabadwip

Birnagar Santipur Chakdah

Murshidabad • . Kandi . Murshidabad • . Berha.mpur Jiaganj Jangipur Dhulian

Jalpaiguri Jalpaiguri _ Darjeeling Darjeeling

Kurseong Kalimpong

Maida . . Englishbazar . Old Maida

Good and bad registration areas by districts of West Bengal : Death rate-Police Stations-1949

District

Burdwan

Birbhum •

Bankura

lllidnapur • •

Below 15 p.m.

• Asansol Raniganj Onda.l • Jamuria Barab&ni Salanpur Kulti • • Khandaghosh

• Salton~ • Simla pal Indas •

Tamluk 1 Naudigram • Sutahata Contai • Ramnagar Khedgree ..

Between 15 and 25 p.m.

• Burdwan • Jamalpur

Raina Memari

• Galsi • Kalna • Manteswar • Bhatar

Anagram Purbasthali Katwa Mangalkot Faridpur Murarai. Sainthia Bolpur • Nalhati Rampurhat • Muhammadbazar • Khayrasol Mayureswar

• Chhatna Mejhia •

• 'Onda • Taldangra lndpur Khatra Raipur Ranibandh Jaypur Patrasair Kotulpur Bankura Vishnupur JP!argpur

• Garhbeta • Salbani.

Jhargram • Binpur • • • Gopiba.llavpur

Nayagram Daspur Mahisada.l Panskura Bhagwanpur · Midnapur Dan tan Mohan pur Debra Keshpur lam bani

Above 25 p.m.

• Ketugram • Kanksa

• Suri • Rajnagar • Dubrajpur • Dlambazar • Labpur • Nanoor

• Gangajalghatl Ba.rjora

• Sonamukhl

Narayangarh Keshil\ri

• Pingla • Pataspur • Sabang

'14 .

APPENDIX V -contd.

Dilldc* :Below15p.m. Bet.- 15 to 26 p.m. AbonUp.m.

J&aa~td.. Ghatal Chaodrakcma Moyna Egra

BooshiJ • • . Chinnnh . Serampur • • • Chauditala . )lagra • Tarakeewar Balagarh . Jangit: Uttarpara Amm Bhadrwwar . . Pursura SiDgur . Khanakul Haripal . Polba Goghat. . Pandua

Dhaniakhali

Bowrah • • . Bally • . Amta Domjur . • .Bagnau. Sankrail . Shyampur Jagr.cha Jagatballavpur Panohla Uluberia Bauria

24-Parpoa~ • • • ToDyganj . Amdanga Behala • . De ganga Mahesh tala . . Habra Baruipur . Gaighata . Bhangar . Bangaon Jaynagar . Rulpi Noapara Magrahat DumDum . Mathurapur Titagarh MetiabrtUI Budge Budge Bonarpur Biahnupur Canning Khardah Naihati Jagaddal. Bijpur Baraaat Raj arhat Baairha' llasnabad Sande&hkhali Swarupnagar Baduria Barca Diamond Harbour Kakdwip

~ Nadia . • . ' • -- Chapra. • . Ranagha&

Nakasipara • • . Haringhata Kaliganj • • • Hanakhali Tehatta • • • • Kriahnaganj Karim pur Santi pur Chakdah Kotwali Nabadwip

Kanhklabad. • • Bfthampur . • • • Dombl • • • • Burwan Raninagv • . Jalangi :1\hagwangola • • Beldanga Lalgola. • . Hariharpara Suti . . • • • Nawda Bagh~~~~athpnj • • Nabecram

.HanJUdabad

75

APPENDIX V-concld.

Good and bad registration areas by districts of W~st Bengal : Death rate-Police Stations-194~oncld.

District

Mul'llhida.ba.d~ntd.

West Dinajpur

Jalpaignri

Darjeeling

Ma.lda. •

Below 15 p.m.

• Ganga.rampnr

, Mada.rihat

• Kalimpmig

• Kharba • Harishchandra.pnr Ka.Jia.ohak Ratua Gajol

Between 15 to 25 p.m.

Jia.ga.nj Sa.ga.rdighi Sa.mserga.nj Bha.ra.tpnr Ka.ndi Kha.rgr&m

• Hili Tapan • Kushmandi Ba.lnrgha.t lta.ha.r •

Kotwali Maina.guri Alipnr Dua.rs Nagrakata. Dhupgnri Ma.tia.Ji Ealohini Falakata Kumargram

• Jore Bungalow Pulba.zar Mirik • • I Sukhiapokri Rangli Rangliot Garubathan KDl'lleong Silignri

Englishbazar • Manikchak

Above 25 p.m.

• Kuma.rganj • Raiga.nj

Ka.liaga.nj Hemtabad Bansiha.ri

Rajganj • Mal

• Sadar • Pha.nsidewa • Kharibari

Bamangola. Habibpnr Maida

N.B.-Municipalities having less than 10 p.m. birth rate and 15 p.m. death rate are bad registration areas. Police Stations having less than 20 p.m. birth rate a.nd 15 p.m. death rate are bad registration areas. Places with more than 20 and 30 p.m. birth rate for Municipalities and Police Stations and more than 20 a.nd 25 p.m. tieath ate for Municipalities and Polioe Sta.tiona respectively are good registration a.rea.a.

List of Agents--eontd. [Continued from innel' side of the front cover.]

jlJLLUNDUR CITY-Excelsior Book Depot, Baz Baharwala.

KANPUR-Advani & Co., The Mall. Sahitya Niketan. Universal Book Stall, The Mall.

KOLHAPUR-Maharashtra Grantha Bhandar.

LUCKNOW-J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd., Haza!"at Ganj. Law Book Agency, 29-A, Kachery Road. New Oxford Book Co., Jehangirabad Palace. Universal Publisher Ltd., Plaza Building, Hazarat Ganj. Upper India Publishing House, Ltd., Literature Place,

Aminuddaula Park.

LUDHIANA-Lyall Book Dep6t. J\lr. Dharam Prakash, B.Sc., Banjiman Road.

MADRAS-Divine Trading Co., 22, Namashivaya Mudali Street,

Triplicane. Higginbothams. . K. Krishnamurthi, Mount Road. Presidency Book Supplies, 8-C, Pycrofts Road, Oppo~ite

Victoria Hostel, Triplicane. Supdt., Government Press, Mount Road. Varadachary & Co., Messrs. P.

MANGALORE-U. R. Shenoy & Sons, Car Street.

MEERUT CANTT.-Mr. Dharam Prakash,· B.Sc.

MEERUT CITY-Prakash Educations Stores, Near Tehsil. University Book Depot, Near Tehsil.

1\IYSORE-J. Nanumal & Sons, Lansdowne Building.

NAGPUR-Supdt., Government Printing, Central Provinces.

~EW DELHI-Amrit Book Co., Connaught Circus. Bhavnani & Sons, Connaught Place. Bodh Raj Marwah, Shop No. 65, Pussa Road :Market,

Karol Bagh. Chifton & Co., Original Road, Karol Bagh. Empire Book Depot, 278, Aliganj, Lodi Road. l~nglish Book Store, G-Block, Connaught Circus. faqtr Chand Marwah & Sons, No. 1-A, Regal Building,

Connaught Circus. Harikishan Das Bedi, R.S. 22, Annexe Feroze Shah Road. J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd., 2, Regal Building. Jain Book Agency, Connaught Place. jayna Book Depot, Chapparwala Kuan, Karol Bagh.

NEW DELHI-contd. Oxford Book & Stationery Coy., Scindia House. Ram Krishna & Sons (of Lahore), 13{13, Connaught Place. Saraswati Book Depot, 15, Lady· Hardinge Road. Sikh Publishing House, Ltd., 7..C, Connaught Place.

PATIALA-Jainco, Booksellers, etc., Bazar Shaha Nashin.

PATNA-Sohan Singh. & Sons, Pirmohani, P. 0. Kadam Kuan. Supdt., Government Printing, Bihar, P. 0. Guizar Bagh.

PATNA CITY-*Hindi Pustak Agency. Lakshmi Trading Co., Padri-ki-Haveli. Raghunath Parshad & Sons.

POONA-Deccan Book Stall, Fergusson College Road. Express Book Service, East Street. International Book Service, Deccan Gymkhana.

PUDUKKOTTAI-P. N. Swaminathan Sivam & Co., J?erumal Vilas, Bazar

Street.

RAJKOT-Mohan Lal Dosabhai Shah.

·RANCHT-Ideal Book Store, Near Paristhan Theatre, Main Road.

ROORKEE-Cambridge Book Depot.

SHILLONG-Supdt., Assam Secretariat Press.

SIMLA-J. Ray & Sons (India), Ltd. Azad Kitab :Mahal, Stall No. 13. Minerva Book Shop, Regal Cinema Building. Sunder Das & Sons, 141, Lower Bazar.

SIROHI-National Trading Co.

SURAT-Sree Gajan Pustakalaya, Tower Road.

TRICHINOPOLY FORT-Krishna Swami & Co., Messrs. S., Teppakulam.

TRIV ANDRUM-International Book House, 33, Valia Chalai.

UDAIPUR-1\Iewar Book Depot.

UJJAIN-*:\Ianakchand Book Depot, Patni Bazar •.

VELLORE-Venkatasubban, Mr. S., Law Bookseller.

*For Hindi Publications only.