Cellular Transport Notes. The Purpose of the Plasma Membrane is to Maintain an Internal Balance...
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Cellular Transport Notes. The Purpose of the Plasma Membrane is to Maintain an Internal Balance called “HOMEOSTASIS” or “To Reach Dynamic Equilibrium””
The Purpose of the Plasma Membrane is to Maintain an Internal
Balance called HOMEOSTASIS or To Reach Dynamic Equilibrium Is
traffic at equilibrium? Why or why not?
Slide 3
Equilibrium occurs when molecules have spread out evenly When
the concentration of a solute is equal throughout the solution
Slide 4
ALL cells have a cell membrane made of proteins and lipids Cell
Membrane lipid bilayer protein channel protein pump Layer 1 Layer 2
SOME cells have cell membranes and cell walls ex: plants, fungi and
bacteria Cell Membrane Cell Wall
Slide 5
Components of the Plasma Membrane
Phospholipids:ProteinsCholesterol
Slide 6
Cell Membrane Aka: PhosphoLipid Bilayer: 2 layers of
phospholipids2 layers of phospholipids provides a barrier for the
cell. Allows for selective permeabilityprovides a barrier for the
cell. Allows for selective permeability a. Phosphate head
(hydrophilic=water loving) b. Fatty acid tails are non-polar
non-polar (hydrophobic=water fearing) Phospholipids Phospholipid
Lipid Bilayer http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=Rl5EmUQd
kuI&feature=fvwrel
Slide 7
Figure 8.9 Some functions of membrane proteins PROTEINS serve
many functions for the plasma membrane
Slide 8
Cholesterol Molecules Makes the bilayer stronger but still
flexible Holds two layers together
Slide 9
Function of the Cell Membrane: Cell membrane separates the
components of a cell from its environmentsurrounds the cell
Gatekeeper of the cellregulates the flow of materials into and out
of cellselectively permeable Cell membrane helps cells maintain
homeostasis stable internal balance http://www. pbslearning
media.org/r esource/tdc 02.sci.life.c ell.membra neweb/cell-
membrane- just- passing- through/
Slide 10
Passive Transport A process that does not require energy to
move molecules from a HIGH to LOW concentration DDiffusion OOsmosis
F Facilitated Diffusion
Slide 11
NO ENERGY NEEDED: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion
ENERGY NEEDED: Active Transport ANALOGY:
Slide 12
Active Transport Active transport is the movement of molecules
from LOW to HIGH concentration. Energy is required as molecules
must be pumped against the concentration gradient. 3 Types: 1.
Protein Pumps 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis outside of cell inside
of cell Carbon Dioxide molecules
Slide 13
Diffusion is the movement of small particles across a
selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane until
equilibrium is reached. These particles move from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. outside of cell
inside of cell
Slide 14
Slide 15
Where does diffusion take place in the body?
Slide 16
Facilitated Diffusion is the movement of larger molecules like
glucose through the cell membrane larger molecules must be helped
Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large molecules to
pass through Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein
channels outside of cell inside of cell Glucose molecules
Slide 17
diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins
found in the membrane a. Transport Proteins are specific they
select only certain molecules to cross the membrane Ex: channel or
carrier proteins a. Transports larger or charged molecules
Facilitated diffusion (Carrier Protein) AB Facilitated diffusion
(Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer)
Slide 18
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane like the cell membrane Water diffuses across a
membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
Slide 19
Types of Solution Concentrations that cause molecules to move
1. Hypertonic 2. Hypotonic 3. Isotonic
Slide 20
Hypertonic Solutions: contain a high concentration of solute
relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a
cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of
the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.
Slide 21
Isotonic Solutions: contain the same concentration of solute as
another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed
in an isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and out of the
cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is
isotonic.
Slide 22
Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute
relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a
cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the
cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.
Slide 23
Figure 8.12 The water balance of living cells HYPO= MoreISO =
Equal HYPER = More
Slide 24
Slide 25
ACTIVE TRANSPORT GOES AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT = NEEDS
ATP ENERGY
Slide 26
1. Protein Pumps -transport proteins that require energy to do
work Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!
Example: Sodium / Potassium Pumps are important in nerve
responses.
Slide 27
Food is moved into the cell by Endocytosis Wastes are moved out
of the cell by Exocytosis Endocytosis and Exocytosis is the
mechanism by which molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and
out of the cell
Slide 28
1. Phagocytosis- cell eating Extensions of the cytoplasm
surround a particle and package it within the vacuole 2 Types of
Endocytosis
Slide 29
2. Pinocytosis- cell drinking Pockets form along the cell
membrane, fill with liquid, and pinch off to form vacuoles within
the cell 2 Types of Endocytosis