Cells: The Basic Cells: The Basic Unit of LifeUnit of Life

History of Cell TheoryHistory of Cell Theory

• Began with the invention of the lens in the 1600s

• Robert Hooke – First person to observe cells – Used cork (dead plant cells)

History of Cell TheoryHistory of Cell Theory• Anton von

Leeuwenhoek - First to observe living cells

• Scraped his own teeth and looked at the bacteria

History of Cell TheoryHistory of Cell Theory

• Matthias Schleiden - Found that all plants are composed of cells

• Theodore Schwann – Found that all animals are composed of cells

History of Cell TheoryHistory of Cell Theory• Rudolph Virchow –

Developed the theory that “all cells come from other cells”

Cell TheoryCell Theory1. All living things

are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.

3. Cells only come from preexisting cells.

Two Major TypesTwo Major Types1.Prokaryotes – no

nucleus or true organelles, simplea. Bacteria

2. Eukaryotes – nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, more complexa. Animalsb. Plantsc. Fungid. Protists

Cells are composed of organellesCells are composed of organelles

• Basic Cell Structure– Plasma Membrane– Cytoplasm– Nucleus

Cells are composed of Cells are composed of organellesorganelles

• Animal cells have many organelles in common with plant cells

• Some organelles look and behave differently in plant cells

Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear EnvelopeLocation:Surrounds the nucleus

Function:Membrane that

surrounds the nucleus. Allows certain materials into and out of the nucleus

NucleolusNucleolusLocation:Inside of the nucleus

Function:Produces ribosomes

NucleusNucleusLocation:Usually the center of

the cell

Function:Control center for the

cell

CytoplasmCytoplasmLocation:Liquid/jello-material

found throughout the cell

Function:Keeps organelles from

bumping into each other

ChromatinChromatinLocation:Inside the nucleus

Function:Contains DNA -

genetic material

MitochondriaMitochondriaLocation:Found throughout the

cell

Function:Produces energy for the

cell. “Powerhouse of the cell” shaped like a kidney bean

RibosomesRibosomesLocation:Found throughout

the cell

Function:Make proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Location:Attached to the

nucleus

Function:Transport system of

the cell. Has ribosomes attached

Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Location:Found throughout

cell

Function:Transport system of

the cell. Does not have ribosomes attached.

VacuoleVacuoleLocaton:Small fluid filled sacs

throughout the cell

Function:Hold water, waste

and food. Smaller in animals than plants.

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLocation:Found throughout

the cell

Function:Series of sacs that

package and release cell products.

MicrotubulesMicrotubulesLocation:Found throughout

cell

Function:Long, hollow straws.

Serve as the ‘skeleton’ of the cell.

MicrofilamentsMicrofilamentsLocation:Found throughout

cell

Function:Long, solid,

threadlike strands that are involved in cell movement

Plasma MembranePlasma MembraneLocation:Found on the outside of

the animal cell

Function:Serves as protection for

the cell. Allows certain materials into and out of the cell; ‘selectively permeable.’

VesiclesVesiclesLocation:Found throughout cell

Function:Contains material that is

packaged by the Golgi apparatus. Carries substances out of the cell.

LysosomeLysosomeLocation:Found throughout cell

Function:Sacs that contain strong

digestive enzymes. Also known as ‘suicide sacs.’

CentrioleCentrioleLocation:Found towards the

center of the cell

Function:Aids in cell division.

PLANT CELLSPLANT CELLS• Differ from animal cells

– Larger Vacuole– Cell Wall– Chloroplasts

Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear EnvelopeLocation:Surrounds the nucleus

Function:Membrane that

surrounds the nucleus. Allows certain materials into and out of the nucleus

NucleolusNucleolusLocation:Inside of the nucleus

Function:Produces ribosomes

NucleusNucleusLocation:Usually the center of

the cell

Function:Control center for the

cell

CytoplasmCytoplasmLocation:Liquid/jello-material

found throughout the cell

Function:Keeps organelles from

bumping into each other

ChromatinChromatinLocation:Inside the nucleus

Function:Contains DNA -

genetic material

MitochondriaMitochondriaLocation:Found throughout the

cell

Function:Produces energy for the

cell. “Powerhouse of the cell” shaped like a kidney bean

RibosomesRibosomesLocation:Found throughout

the cell

Function:Make proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Location:Attached to the

nucleus

Function:Transport system of

the cell. Has ribosomes attached

Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Location:Found throughout

cell

Function:Transport system of

the cell. Does not have ribosomes attached.

VacuoleVacuoleLocation:Takes up a large part of

the cell

Function:Very large fluid-filled

structure that holds water, waste and food. Much larger in plants than animals due to Turgor Pressure.

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLocation:Found throughout

the cell

Function:Series of sacs that

package and release cell products.

MicrotubulesMicrotubulesLocation:Found throughout

cell

Function:Long, hollow straws.

Serve as the ‘skeleton’ of the cell.

MicrofilamentsMicrofilamentsLocation:Found throughout

cell

Function:Long, solid,

threadlike strands that are involved in cell movement

Plasma MembranePlasma MembraneLocation:Found on the outside of

the animal cell

Function:Serves as protection for

the cell. Allows certain materials into and out of the cell; ‘selectively permeable.’

Cell WallCell WallLocation:Found on the outside

of the cell

Function:Gives the cell

protection and shape. Made of cellulose.

ChloroplastsChloroplastsLocation:Found throughout cell

Function:Contains chlorophyll.

Place where photosynthesis occurs; place where cell makes food.

Can you compare Can you compare and contrast plant and contrast plant and animal cells?and animal cells?