Cells

Structure, Function and Organization

one-celled organism  amoeba proteus

human red blood cell plant cell from the leaf  of a poplar tree

single-celled bacteria  of the type: E. coli

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• The levels of organization in complex organisms, including most plants and animals, consist of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Organization of living organisms

• Cell • tissue

• organ

• system

What is a Cell?

• Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Function• In complex

organism you can find different kinds of cells.

• Each cell or group of cells has a specific job.

Organization of living organisms

• Cell • tissue

• organ

• system

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Tissue in the Human body

Tissue• A group of similar cells that perform the

same function.

• The animal body has 4 types of tissue:– Muscle– Nerve– Connective– Epithelial

Muscle tissue

• It is a contractile tissue of the body.

Contraction of the muscle tissue functions to make parts of the body to move.

• The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal

Nerve tissue

• Directs and control the body.• Carries messages back and

forth.• Tissue is specialized to

react to stimuli and to conduct impulses to various organs in the body which bring about a response to the stimulus.

• Nerve tissue (as in the

brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves that branch throughout the body) are all made up of specialized nerve cells called neurons

Brain???

Connective tissue

• Provide a framework, protects tissues and organs, connects all the parts of the body and support its structure.

• Specialized forms of connective tissue.– Cartilage and bone;

protect internal structures and give support to the body

– Fat; insulation

Epithelial tissue

• Membranous tissue covering internal organs and external surfaces of the body.

• Functions:– Protects

internal/external structures

– Absorb or release substances

Organization of living organisms

• Cell • tissue

• organ

• system

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Organs

• Structure composed by different kinds of tissue and has an specific function.

Organs

• Each organ is part of a system!

Organization of living organisms

• Cell • tissue

• organ

• system

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Organ system bp

• Consist of organs that interact physically, chemically, or both to perform a common function.

• Functions– maintain stable internal

conditions. – acquire nutrients and raw

materials– dispose of wastes– protect the body against

injury and attack– allow reproduction and

nourishment of young.

Organ system

Organ System

• We are going to learn about eleven organ systems that contribute to the survival of the living cells of the vertebrate body:

• Integumentary• Muscular • Skeletal • Nervous • Endocrine • Circulatory • Lymphatic • Respiratory • Digestive• Urinary • Reproductive

Rap of the systems

• Systems song

HOMEOSTASIS

• The organ systems in an organism work together to maintain homeostasis- the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.

• Three examples of homeostasis are:

• Water Balance

• Maintaining Temperature

• Responding to Stimuli