Cells Powerpoint Carpenter

8/18/2019 Cells Powerpoint Carpenter

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Cells: The Basic Units of Life


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Cells• Every living thing has at least one

cell. – Some have only one and some have

trillions.

– Most cells are too tiny to be seenwithout a microscoe.

–

! chic"en egg is one of the largest cells. – #ot all cells loo" or act the same.

– $ou have 200 diferent kinds ! "ells:blood cells% bone cells% muscle cells&&&&


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Tissues• ! tissue is a grou of cells wor"ing

together to erform a seci'c (ob inthe body. The material around andbetween the cells is also art of thetissue. – E)amles of tissue: red blood cells% fat%

and muscle


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*rgans• +hen two or more tissues wor"

together to erform a seci'c (ob%the grou of tissues is called anorgan. – E)amles of organs: stomach% heart%

intestines% liver% lung% and s"in

• ,lants also have di-erent "inds oftissues that wor" together. ! leaf is alant organ that contains tissue thattras light energy to ma"e food.

E)amles of lant organs: stem and


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The S"in

• The s"in is the bodys largest organ.!n average/si0ed ersons s"in has amass of about 1.2 "g 3almost 45ounds67.


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Brain 8ood

• The art of the s"in% hair% and nailsthat we can see is 9E!9 tissue. sntit strange that we ut so much e-ortinto ma"ing sure our dead cells loo"nice;


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*rgan Systems

• *rgans wor" together in grous toerform articular (obs. These grous arecalled organ systems.

• Each system has a seci'c (ob to do inthe body. – E)amles:

• digestive system brea"s down food to use by your

bodys cells• nervous system transmits information bac" in forth

between the brain and other arts of the body


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There are 44 main organsystems.

• The organs in the organ system deend oneach other. f any art of the system fails% thewhole system is a-ected. !nd failure of oneorgan system can a-ect other organ systems.

• Main organ systems : integumentary system%s"eletal system% muscular system% nervoussystem% endocrine system% cardiovascularsystem% lymhatic system% resiratory system%digestive system% urinary system% reroductivesystem


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*rganism: ndeendentLiving

• Anyt#ing t#at "an li$e n its %nis "alled an rganism.

• !ll organisms are made u of at leastone cell. – organisms made u of one cell <

uni"ellular

– organisms made u of grous of cells <multi"ellular


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The Big ,icture• !lthough unicellular and multicellular organisms

can live on their own% they usually do not livealone. *rganisms interact with each other onmany di-erent ways. – &'ulatins < grous of organisms that are of the

same "ind and that live in the same area• E)amle < all the white tail deer in the forest

– Cmmunities / two or more di-erent oulationsliving in the same area

• !ll the oulations combined in the forest 3deer% rabbits%

sna"es% etc..7 – E"systems < all the communities and all the

nonliving things that a-ect it% such as water% soil%roc"s% temerature% and light

• Ecosystems on land < terrestrial ecosystems

•

Ecosystems in water < a=uatic ecosystems


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9iscovery of Cells


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Seeing the 'rst cells• 4>>2 / ?obert @oo"e < British

scientist < used cor" 3soft lant tissuefound in the bar" of a tree7 < @e saw

tiny bo)es and called them cells.


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Early discoveries

• 4>A < !nton van Leeuwenhoe" <9utch merchant < used a handmademicroscoe to loo" at ond scum < @e

saw many small creatures. @e alsoloo"ed at blood from animals andteeth scraings. 8irst to see bacteria

and discovered that yeast is aunicellular organism.


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The Cell TheoryMatthias Schleiden < 4 < all lant artsare made of cells

Theodore Swann < 4D / wrote the 'rst artof the cell theory.

oAll rganisms are "m'sed ! ne rmre "ells(

oT#e "ell is t#e )asi" unit ! li!e in all li$ingt#ings.

42 < ?udolf irchow < wrote the third artof the cell theory

oAll "ells "me !rm e*isting "ells


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• !ll cells have: – Cell membrane/ surrounds all cellsF acts as a

barrier between the inside of the cell and itsenvironmentF controls what comes in and whatgoes out

– @ereditary material < cells receive a coy ofhereditary material 39#!7 t controls all of theactivities of the cell and contains the informationneeded for that cell to ma"e new cells

– *rganelles < structures within a cell that allow itto live% grow% and reroduce

– Cytolasm < Guid that surrounds the organelleswithin a cell

– Small si0e < almost all cells are too small to seewith the na"ed eye


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Bene'ts of being Multicellular

• ! single cell as big as you would have anincredibly small surface/to/volume ratioand would not survive because its outer

surface would be too small to allow in thematerials needed.

• +ulti"ellular rganisms gr% )y'rdu"ing +ORE "ells, nt LARGER"ells. – !n elehant has more cells than you% not

larger cells.


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Many "inds of cells

• -a$ing many diferent "ells t#at ares'e"iali.ed !r s'e"i/" )s all%smulti"ellular rganisms t 'er!rm mre

!un"tins t#an uni"ellular rganisms(• 9i-erent "inds of cells can form tissues and

organs with di-erent functions.

• Some seciali0ed cells: muscle cells% eye

cells% brain cells&.• Be glad you are not U#CELLUL!?6 @ow

boring6


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Two tyes of cells&rkaryti"Cells

• !lso called bacteria

• +orlds smallest cells

• #o nucleus

• Circular 9#! 3shaedli"e a rubber band7

• #o membrane/coveredorganelles

Eukaryti"Cells• More comle)

• !ll other cells

• @ave a nucleus

• @ave membrane/covered organelles

• Linear 9#! stored inthe nucleus


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Eu"aryotic Cells

Animal Cells

4. #ucleus

I. ?ibosomes. Cell Membrane

1. Endolasmic?eticulum

2. Lysosomes>. Mitochondria

A. Holgi Comle)

&lant Cells

4. #ucleus

I. ?ibosomes

. Cell Membrane1. Endolasmic ?eticulum

2. Lysosomes

>. Mitochondria

A. Holgi Comle). Cell +all

D. Large acuole

45.Chlorolast

T# C ll1 C d C


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T#e Cell1s Cmmand Center

T#e Nu"leus• Largest and most visible organelle in a

eukaryti" cell

• Surrounded by a nuclear membrane forrotection

• Stres 3NA that has information on how toma"e all the cells roteins 3almost allchemical reactions imortant to the cells life

involve rotein7

?ead more: List of *rganelles J [email protected] htt:KK

www.ehow.comKinfo>1I51list/organelles.

http://www.ehow.com/info_8642034_list-organelles.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8642034_list-organelles.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8642034_list-organelles.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8642034_list-organelles.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8642034_list-organelles.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8642034_list-organelles.html


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T#e Energy &lant +it"#ndria

• AT& 3molecule that sulies energy tofuel the cells activities7 made herefrom food molecules

•Bean shaed < surrounded by twomembranes

• Must have o)ygen

• @ighly active cells 3such as heart andliver7 have thousand

• &%er#use of the cell

i


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&rtein Fa"try

Ri)smes•

Ma"e rotein chains out of amina"ids

• Smallest but M*ST abundant organelle

• #ot covered with a membrane• ALL cells have ribosomes 3ro"aryotes

included7


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T#e Cell4s 3eli$ery System 5End'lasmi" Reti"ulum

• Membrane/covered comartmentthat makes li'ids and othermaterials for use inside and outside

the cell• 6reaks d%n drugs and t#er

damaging "#emi"als

• Internal deli$ery system

• Loo"s li"e Gattened sac"s stac"edside by side


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S#i''ing5 Glgi Cm'le*&a"kaging 7esi"les

• Loo"s li"e the E? but is located closerto the cell membrane

• +di/es li'ids and 'rteins !rmt#e ER and deli$ers t#em tt#er 'arts ! t#e "ell r utsidet#e "ell

• 7esi"les are ieces of the Holgicomle) that inches o- and strest#e /nal 'rdu"ts


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Tras# Clle"tr Lyssmes

• Seciali0ed vesicles in animal cells

• Cntain en.ymes

•

3estry %rnut r damagedrganelles

• Get rid ! %aste materials and'rte"t t#e "ell !rm !reignin$aders

• f the membrane of a lysosomeoens% the en0ymes will sill out intothe cell and "ill the cell. 3@ow a

l ll


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&lant Cells

C#lr'lasts• *nly found in lants and algae

• Energy/converter

• @as two membranes and structures li"e

stac"ed coins and contains chlorohyll <which ma"es the chlorolast green

• C#lr'#yll tra's t#e energy !rmsunlig#t and uses it t make sugar in

t#e 'r"ess '#tsynt#esis.• Mitochondria then use the sugar to ma"e

!T,.


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Cell +all• 8ound in lant cells

• *utside the cell membrane

•

Made of cellulose 3sugar7• &r$ides strengt# and su''rt t

"ell mem)rane


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+ater cooler/ acuoles

• Most lant cells have very large vacuoles.

•

Membrane/covered• Stres %ater and t#er li8uids

• 9#en !ull, #el's su''rt t#e "ell

•

+hen emty% the cell shrivels3causing the lant to wilt7


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@omeostasis• 347 The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its

internal conditions% so as to stabili0e health and functioning%regardless of the outside changing conditions

• 3I7 The ability of the body or a cell to see" and maintain a

condition of e=uilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with e)ternal changes

•

n humans% homeostasis haens when the body regulatesbody temerature in an e-ort to maintain an internal temerature around D.> degrees 8ahrenheit. Fr e*am'le%we sweat to cool o- during the hot summer days% and weshiver to roduce heat during the cold winter season.

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Organismhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cellhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Internalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Conditionhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Healthhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Conditionhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Bodyhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cellhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Conditionhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Equilibriumhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Stabilityhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Internalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Environmenthttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Externalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Bodyhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Temperaturehttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Internalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Temperaturehttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Sweathttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Heathttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Seasonhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Seasonhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Heathttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Sweathttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Temperaturehttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Internalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Temperaturehttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Bodyhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Externalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Environmenthttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Internalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Stabilityhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Equilibriumhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Conditionhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cellhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Bodyhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Conditionhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Healthhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Conditionhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Internalhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cellhttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Organism


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Connective Tissue• Noins% suorts%

cushions andinsulates

• E)amles: blood%bone% cartilage%ligaments%

tendons%


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Eithelial Tissue• Eithelial tissues

consist of continuoussheets of cells thatrovide a rotective

covering over thewhole body

• They also form thelining membranes of

internal organs%cavities% andassageways andcover internal organs


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Muscle Tissue• Contracts or

shortens to

causemovement


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#erve Tissue• Carries message

to and from thebrain

• !llows us to see%hear% feel&&.

• Ma"es u brain%sinal cord andnerves

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Cells Powerpoint Carpenter