Cells & Heredity

Advances in Genetics

Chapter 4

Section 3

Dolly

• 1996– A lamb born in

Scotland– A fertilized egg with

DNA from another lamb

• 1st ever cloned mammal

Selective Breeding

• The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as the parents of the next generation

Selective Breeding

• Corn developed in Mexico– 5,000 yrs. Ago

• Cows that produce more milk

• Disease/insect resistant crops

Inbreeding

• Crossing two individuals that have identical or similar set of alleles

• Purebred Animals– Golden Retrievers– Arabian Horses

Inbreeding

• Can increase the chances of inheriting alleles that lead to genetic disorders

• German Shepherd– Hip dysplasia

• Dalmatian– Deafness

Hybridization

• Crossing two genetically different individuals two get the best of both parents

• Cross– Corn that produces

many kernels– Corn that is disease

resistant

Cloning Plants

• An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced

• Cutting– Remove a small

portion of a desired plant and allow it to grow as a plant itself

Cloning Animals

• 1st

– Remove an egg cell from one sheep

• 2nd

– Replace the egg’s nucleus with the nucleus from a cell from another sheep

• 3rd

– Implant the egg into the uterus of a female sheep

• 5 month later…– Dolly!!!

Genetic Engineering in Bacteria

• DNA from one organism is transferred into the DNA of a bacteria

• Gene Splicing– Into the bacteria’s

plasmid (DNA)

Insulin

• Diabetic lack sufficient amounts of insulin

• Bacteria produce Insulin– 24/7/365

• For free!!!

Human Growth Hormone

• Produced by bacteria • Children that lack sufficient amounts of HGH can be given injections

Genetic Engineering in other Organisms

• Inserting genes from bacteria or organisms into the cells of other organisms

Gene Therapy

• Inserting working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder

• Cystic Fibrosis– Helps to produce the

protein that had been lacking in the patients lungs

DNA Fingerprinting

• Using DNA to identify suspects’ involvement at a scene of a crime.

The Human Genome Project

• The main goal of the human genome project is to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human gemone