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• Cells grow by obtaining nutrients and discharging waste.
• Cells usually reach a certain size and then divide. An adult’s cells are no larger than a child’s, just that there are more of them.
• Smaller a cell is, the better for transporting
gases and nutrients into the cell. • Smaller Cell = More Surface Area• Larger size is more demanding of
nutrients• Larger size put more demands on DNA
Divided into 3 phases (longest)
1. G1 Phase: period of activity where cells increase in size & synthesize new proteins & organelles
Interphase
2. S Phase: Chromosomes are replicated & synthesis of DNA molecules.
3. G2 Phase: DNA replication complete, the shortest phase begins. Organelles/molecules for cell division produced. Now M phase can begin.
Interphase cont.
M Phases-Mitosis:
-Interphase
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
Cytokinesis:
Division of cytoplasm at end of mitosis
Remember: IPMAT
Chromosome: made of DNA which carry cell’s coded genetic info
Centrioles: help organize spindle fibers
Sister Chromatids: chromosome has 2 identical chromatids
Centromere: holds sister chromatids together, separates chromosomes in anaphase
Spindle fibers: fanlike microtubule, helps separate chromosomes
Prophase
• During prophase, the chromosomes become visible. The centrioles take positions in opposite sides of the cell and form the spindle.
BackProphase - Mitosis
Metaphase
• During metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
• Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.
Back
Anaphase• During Anaphase, the
centromeres that joined the sister chromatids split becoming individual chromosomes.
Back
Telophase
• The chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell and a nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
• The process in which the cytoplasm separates, forming completely the two new daughter cells.
• It usually occurs about the same time as Telophase.
• This occurs different in plants and in animals.
Interphase Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase Telophase
Match word with definition
a) Mitosis
b) Cytokinesis
c) Chromatids
The second stage, division of the cytoplasm. ( )
The first stage, division of the cell nucleus ( )
One of the two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome. ( )
B
A
C
Match word with definitionUsually located in the middle of the chromatids ( )
Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions ( )
The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide ( )
First and longest phase of mitosis ( )
Two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope ( )
Fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis ( )
A. Prophase
B. Spindle
C. Centromeres
D. Cell cycle
E. Centrioles
F. Interphase
C
F
D
A
E
B
Mini-TestMini-Test
How do you call the process in which a cell divides into two new daughter cells?
a)a) Cell Fractioning b)b) Cell Division
What is the second stage in the cell cycle, where the cytoplasm divides?
a)a) Mitosis b)b) Cytokinesis