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Cells
Cellis the basic building block that makes up all living things
Cell Functions
Take in food to store energyGet rid of body wastesMake new cells for growthRelease energyRespond to the environment
nucleus
cell wallcell wallchloroplastschloroplasts
cell membrane
cytoplasm
vacuole
mitochondria
Plant Cell
Animal CellVACUOLE
Cell MEMBRANECYTOPLASM
NUCLEUSMITOCHONDRIA
Cell Parts and Functions
Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell to help hold it together
Allows materials to move in and out
Works like a gate in a walled city
PICTURE OF A REAL CELL MEMBRANE
It has been magnified so that we can see it!
Nucleus
Contains the chromosomes (DNA) which determines the characteristics
Controls cell reproduction and other functions
Like a king controlling his city
Nucleus seen in a human cheek cell
Cytoplasm
Found between the cell membrane and nucleus
Jellylike substance containing chemicals to keep the cell working
Like the space/air that fills the walled city
Mitochondria
Releases energy from food
Like a power plant producing energy for the city
Vacuoles
Used for storageStores food,
waste, or water
Like a water tower or a garbage dump for the city
Cell Wall (Plants Only)
Outside cell membrane
Rigid layer that supports and protects the plant cell
Like a wall surrounding the city
The cell walls of these onion skin cells can be seen in the
photograph below.
Chloroplasts (Plants Only)
Makes food for the plant cell
Uses sun energy to make food (glucose) and oxygen
Like a restaurant or bakery in the city
An Elodea leaf magnified 400X. The numerous green structures
are chloroplasts.
The Parts of a Cell
Cell MembraneCytoplasmChloroplastCell WallVacuoleMitochondriaNucleus
The Size of Cells
How Big is a Cell?
• Cells have a limit to how big or small they can be.
The head of a pin is about 2mm in diameter. A cell is even smaller. Nearly invisible without magnification, dust mites dwarf pollen grains and human cells. In turn, bacteria and viruses are even smaller.
cell membrane
surrounds cell-holds it together
allows materials to pass in & out of cell
cell
basic building block that makes up all living things
cytoplasm
between cell membrane & nucleus
chloroplast
•found in plant cells
•uses Sun’s energy to
make food (sugar) &
oxygen
cell wall
found in plants outside the cell membrane gives extra support & protection
vacuole
stores H20 & breaks down materials
mitochondria
produce energy by cellular respiration
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondria
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole
The skin on the Barbie doll is like the cell membrane of a cell because both are outside surfaces, and allow substances to pass in and out of the cell.
Cell Analogy Project
Edible Animal CellEdible Animal Cellcell membrane = plastic bagJello = cytoplasm2 raisins = mitochondria 1 pear = nucleus2 peaches = vacuoles
