CellsCells

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

All organisms are made up of at All organisms are made up of at least one cell. least one cell. Living things begin as one cell Living things begin as one cell and that cell divides and divides and that cell divides and divides again, etc.again, etc.

• A cell is the smallest thing A cell is the smallest thing that can carry out life processes that can carry out life processes meaning: take in food, water, take meaning: take in food, water, take out wastes and reproduce out wastes and reproduce themselves.themselves.

• You are made up of trillions of You are made up of trillions of cells that come together to form cells that come together to form tissues, and then tissues come tissues, and then tissues come together to form organs that can together to form organs that can carry out the processes you need carry out the processes you need to survive.to survive.

Cells are so small Cells are so small that we need a that we need a microscope to see microscope to see themthem

When viewed with a When viewed with a microscope these microscope these cell structures cell structures become visible to become visible to the naked eye. the naked eye.

You could fit about 100 cells on You could fit about 100 cells on to the end of a pencil leadto the end of a pencil lead

What is a cell then What is a cell then exactly?exactly? One way to think about a cell’s make up is to think about it as a living factory, making all the things necessary for them to live.

Each part of the cell is called an organelle. We will look at the following parts of a cell:We will look at the following parts of a cell:

Cell Membrane and WallCell Membrane and Wall CytoplasmCytoplasm VacuolesVacuoles MitochondriaMitochondria NucleusNucleus

““Typical” Animal CellTypical” Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

““Typical” Plant CellTypical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts Cell Parts (Organelles)(Organelles)As I work through each As I work through each

organelle, please locate each organelle, please locate each part on your handout and make part on your handout and make

a quick note of its main a quick note of its main functionfunction

Surrounding the Cell is Surrounding the Cell is the Cell Membranethe Cell Membrane

Cell membrane is the Cell membrane is the gate keeper of the gate keeper of the cell factory. cell factory.

It lets the needed It lets the needed material in and lets material in and lets the waste out.the waste out.

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Cell WallCell Wall

Found in plant Found in plant cells but not cells but not animal cellsanimal cells

It acts as a frame It acts as a frame of the plant cell of the plant cell and helps give and helps give strength and strength and support.support.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/anatomy.GIF

CytoplasmCytoplasm

It is the kitchen of the cell factoryIt is the kitchen of the cell factory It contains the nutrients required by the cell to It contains the nutrients required by the cell to

maintain its life processesmaintain its life processes It is the liquid inside the cell, which has grainy It is the liquid inside the cell, which has grainy

looking bits in it. looking bits in it.

sciencecity.oupchina.com.hk sciencecity.oupchina.com.hk

VacuolesVacuoles

Are like storage Are like storage rooms for nutrients rooms for nutrients the cell will needthe cell will need

Plants cells usually Plants cells usually have just one big have just one big vacuole where animal vacuole where animal cells have many small cells have many small ones.ones.

Looks like clear, Looks like clear, liquid filled spaces liquid filled spaces in various places in various places within the cytoplasmwithin the cytoplasm

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

ChloroplastChloroplast

Are the Solar Are the Solar panels of plant panels of plant cells. cells.

Only found in Only found in plant cellsplant cells

Where Where photosynthesis photosynthesis takes placetakes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

MitochondriaMitochondria

Are the powerhouses of the cell. Are the powerhouses of the cell. Looks like a peanutLooks like a peanut It is where chemical reactions It is where chemical reactions occur that change the energy the occur that change the energy the cells receives into energy it can cells receives into energy it can use. use.

http://odranoel.eu/Images/Psychotic%20mitochondria%20Odra%20Noel%20300.jpghttp://odranoel.eu/Images/Psychotic%20mitochondria%20Odra%20Noel%20300.jpg

NucleusNucleus

Is the command centre of the cell (boss) Is the command centre of the cell (boss) It appears as a fairly large, dark, It appears as a fairly large, dark, spherical structure near the middle of the spherical structure near the middle of the cellcell

It directs all the activities in the cell It directs all the activities in the cell such as movement, growthsuch as movement, growth

http://www.east-haven.k12.ct.us/dcmoore/Grade%206/Cell%20Websites/angelica_files/nucleus.png