Cell Theory

SC.912.L.14.1 Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory), and

relate the history of its discovery to the process of science.

1. Students will describe and/or explain

the cell theory.

Cell theory has three main parts:

1.All living organisms are composed of one or more

cells.

2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and

organization of all living organisms.

3.Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with

cells passing copies of their genetic material on to

their daughter cells.

2. Students will describe how continuous

investigations and new scientific information

influenced the development of the cell.

Cell theory has changed over time:

As microscope technology became better,

we were able to see cells in greater detail.

Scientists such as Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke,

Schwann, Schleidon, and Virchow all

contributed significantly to the development

of the cell theory.

3. Students will recognize the differences

between theories and laws.

Theory: explanation of a natural phenomenon based on many

observations and investigations over time.

Cell Theory & Theory of Evolution

Law: describes relationships under certain conditions in nature.

Law of Conservation of Mass & Law of Conservation of

Energy

They are fundamentally different, therefore theories do not

become laws and laws do not become theories.

Microscopes

SC.912.N.1.1 Students must use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret

data.

1. Students will compare and contrast the structure and function

of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning

electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron

microscope.Compound Microscope:

Structure – uses glass lenses and visible light

to produce a magnified image

Eye piece (10x) X Lens (4x 10x or 40x) =

_________

Max magnification is 1000x

Function – can be used to magnify images

such as cells, blood stains, etc but because it

is limited to 1000x magnification will not work

in all scenarios as image will become blurry.

1. Students will compare and contrast the structure and function

of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning

electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron

microscope.

Dissecting Microscope:

Structure – uses two eye pieces to

produce a 3D image, can do

photo and video sometimes

Function – magnification is

typically no higher than 100x so it

used for larger items (like watch

assembly or dissections)

1. Students will compare and contrast the structure and function

of the compound microscope, dissecting microscope, scanning

electron microscope, and/or the transmission electron

microscope.

Electron Microscopes:

Scanning – moves electrons over

surface of specimen, producing a 3D

image

Transmission – electrons are transmitted

through the specimen onto a screen

Both can produce up to 500,000x

magnification, but the specimen must be

dead and sliced very thin.

Cell Structure & Function

SC.912.L.14.3 Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and

animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

1. Students will compare and contrast the

structures found in plant and animal cells.

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane (Plasma

Membrane)

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope

• Nucleolus

• Chromatin

• Chromosomes

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Microtubules

• Microfilaments

• Vacuoles

• Mitochondria

• Golgi apparatus

• Chloroplasts

• Lysosomes

• Cilia

• Flagella

1. Students will compare and contrast the

structures found in plant and animal cells.

Plant Only Both Animal Only

• Cell Wall

• ONE LARGE

vacuole

• Chloroplasts

• Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope

• Nucleolus

• Chromatin

• Chromosomes

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Microtubules

• Microfilaments

• Vacuoles

• Mitochondria

• Golgi apparatus

• SEVERAL SMALL

vacuoles

• Lysosomes

• Cilia

• Flagella

1. Students will compare and contrast the

structures found in plant and animal cells.

2. Students will compare and contrast the

structures found in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic Cells – no membrane bound

organelles, DNA free-floating in cytoplasm

• Structures present – cell wall, cell membrane,

cytoplasm, plasmid (small DNA molecule),

ribosomes, flagella

• Eukaryotic Cells – membrane bound organelles,

DNA found in nucleus

2. Students will compare and contrast the

structures found in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.

3. Students will explain the role of the cell

membrane during active and passive

transport.

• Active transport – requires energy, moves from

low to high concentration (against the

concentration gradient)

• Passive transport – does not require energy;

moves from high to low concentration (with

the concentration gradient)

3. Students will explain the role of the cell

membrane during active and passive

transport.

3. Students will explain the role of the cell

membrane during active and passive

transport.

• Hypotonic – higher

concentration inside than

outside; cell may swell and burst

• Isotonic – concentrations inside

and outside are balanced

• Hypertonic – higher

concentration outside than

inside, cells may shrivel

3. Students will explain the role of the cell

membrane during active and passive

transport.