Cell Structure

•The “little organs” that perform important functions in the cell are Organelles

Cell Structure

•There are two main parts (areas):

•The Nucleus controls the cells activities and contains DNA (genetic material).

•Everything outside of the nucleus is the Cytoplasm.

Cell Structure

•Cell Membrane – Fence around the factory•It is the protective barrier for the cell. •It regulates what enters and leaves the cell. •All cells have a cell membrane

Cell Structure

•Nucleus - The main office•The control center of the cell•Contains DNA which has instructions for making proteins and other molecules

Cell Structure

•Nucleus - The main office•Surrounded by nuclear envelope (membrane with two layers) that has holes init called nuclear pores which allow things into and out of the nucleus.•Chromatin is foundin the nucleus. It forms Chromosomes during cell division•Nucleolus is an area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Cell Structure

Cytoplasm – Open Spaces Gel-like substance throughout the cellGrowth materials for cells are made hereHelps cells get rid of wastesSupports organelles

Cell Structure

•Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell

•Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use.•In humans, nearly all mitochondria come fromthe egg (mom)•Contain their own DNA

Cell Structure

•Centrioles - scaffolding•tubes found in the centrosomes.•Centrioles help divide DNA. (Shoot “webs”, like Spiderman)•Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

Cell Structure

•Lysosomes - Cleanup Crew•Small organelles filled with enzymes•Breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell•Breakdown worn out parts and "junk" in cell•Tay-Sachs is a disease that has been traced to lysosomes that fail to function correctly

Cell Structure

•Endoplasmic Reticulum - Assembly Line in factory•Where lipids and proteins are made•Rough ER has ribosomes on it and makes protein that goes into ER and is changed andrepackaged•Smooth ER does not have ribosomes. It makes lipids and detoxifies the body

Cell Structure

Ribosomes - Machine in factory•Small particles of RNA where proteins are made using a recipe from DNA in the nucleus (the boss)•Found in the cytoplasm and attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Structure

•Golgi Apparatus - FedEx •Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or export from the cell•Ships proteins to their final destinationIn the cell or outside the cell•AKA: Golgi Bodies, Golgi Complex

Cell Structure

• Vacuoles - Storage Containers• Saclike structure for storage of water, salts, proteins,

and carbohydrates• Some cells like plant cells have one large vacuole to

store liquid• Some unicellular organisms have a contractile vacuole

which pumps excess water out of the cell to maintain homeostasis

Cell Structure

• Chloroplasts - Solar power plants • Found in plants• Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical • energy through process called photosynthesis• Inside are stacks of membranes which contain the green • pigment chlorophyll

http://youtu.be/gcVg3PnoI1Y

Cell Structure

•Cell Wall – Brick wall outside of the fence

•Found outside cell membrane of plants, algae, fungi and many prokaryotes•Provides support and protection for cell•Plant cell walls are made mainly of cellulose

Cell Structure

•Cells have an internal structure.•The cytoskeleton has many functions.•supports and shapes cell•helps position and transport organelles•provides strength•assists in cell division•aids in cell movement

• Inside a Cell Cell Structure