Cell Processes

Cell Membrane – made up of a ____________ ___________with molecules of __________________.

lipid bilayerprotein

Selectively permeable - __________________________________________________________________________________________

Some molecules pass through,but others can’t

Passive transport - ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Materials pass through the membranewithout using energy

A. Diffusion – movement of molecules from an areaWhere there are __________ molecules to where there are______________ molecules

manyfewer

B. Osmosis - the diffusion of ____________ through a ______________________

watermembrane

C. Dynamic Equilibrium - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Movement of molecules in opposite directions at the molecular level while the overall conditions remain the same

Two containers of equal volume are separated by a membrane that allows free passage of water, but totally restricts passage of solute molecules. Solution A has 3 molecules of the protein albumin and Solution B contains 15 molecules of glucose . Into which compartment will water flow, or will there be no net movement of water?

             

             

Answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Water will move from Solution A to Solution B because there are more non-water particles in Solution B than A. Size of molecules doesn’t affectosmosis, just the number (concentration) of molecules.

Example of diffusion in our bodies:1. Takes place in the ____________ where oxygen and CO2

diffuse from the _________________ in the lungs into the ____________________ containing the blood.

lungsalveoli

capillaries

capillaries

O2

15% salt 1% salt 6% salt 8% salt

Fish Tank Water = 8% salt

1. If the fish tank water is 8% salt, what is the % pure water? __________92%

A B C D

2. Fish _____ has the most water in it. B

3. Fish _____ has the least water in it. A

4. Which fish will gain water? _____A5. Which fish will lose water? _____B,C6. Which fish will stay the same? _____D

7. Which fish is in its natural environment? _____D

(85% water)

( 99% water)

Amoebas – one-celled organisms that live in water. These are in15% saltwater (85% H2O).

5% 1% 15% 22%

1. Which amoeba has the most water? _____

* Percentages show % salt in the amoeba

B

A B C D

2. Which amoeba has the least water? _____D

3. Which amoeba will gain water? ____D

4. Which amoeba will lose water? ______A, B

5. Which amoeba will stay the same? _____C

6. Which amoeba is in its natural environment? _____C

Active Transport - _______________ is used by the cell to transportmaterials across the ___________________. Often this is ______________ the gradient (going from _______ concentration to___________ concentration). This is done by _________________molecules in the cell membrane.

energycell membrane

against lowhigh protein

A. Pinocytosis – dissolved molecules enter the cell when the________________ closes around it.membrane

                                                                  

        

B. Phagocytosis (engulfing) – Large, __________________ particles are engulfed by the _____________________ flowing around it and encasing it in a _______________________.

undissolvedcytoplasm

vacuole

Endocytosis – Part of a _____________________ forms a sacaround something being brought into the cell, pinches off, and enters the cell. ___________________ and ___________________are types of endocytosis.

membrane

Pinocytosis phagocytosis

Example: White blood cells eating _________________ (phagocytosis)

bacteria

Exocytosis – a __________________________ package joins with the _________ ______________, opens, and releases its contents to the Outside of the cell.

membrane - boundcell membrane

Organization of cells

I. Some organisms are _______________ cells. Ex: ____________, ______________, ___________________, __________________, ___________ _____________

*All functions take place in a __________ __________.

II. Other organisms, including ______________, are ______________________. Ex: Cells are organized for better functioning:______ __________ ___________ __________ ________ __________________ Ex: ____________ _______ ___________ __________________ ________________ __________ _____________

Ex: _______ _______ __________ ___________ _________ ________________

singleamoeba euglena paramecium

bacteria some algaesingle cell

humansmulticellular

cells tissue organ organ systemorganismcardiac cells cardiac tissue

heart circulatory system person

xylem cells xylem tissue stemplant

Transport througha membrane

requires

Active Passive

Energy No Energy

requires

largemolecules

dissolvedmolecules

Ex: whiteblood cellseat bacteria

Ex: Aminoacids

Osmosis Diffusion

Water througha membrane

Carbondioxide

Oxygen

phagocytosis pinocytosis

Cell Processes

Cell Membrane – made up of a ____________ ___________with molecules of __________________.

Selectively permeable - __________________________________________________________________________________________

Passive transport - ___________________________________________________________________________________________

A. Diffusion – movement of molecules from an areaWhere there are __________ molecules to where there are______________ molecules

B. Osmosis - the diffusion of ____________ through a ______________________

C. Dynamic Equilibrium - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Two containers of equal volume are separated by a membrane that allows free passage of water, but totally restricts passage of solute molecules. Solution A has 3 molecules of the protein albumin and Solution B contains 15 molecules of glucose . Into which compartment will water flow, or will there be no net movement of water?

             

             

Answer: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example of diffusion in our bodies:1. Takes place in the ____________ where oxygen and CO2

diffuse from the _________________ in the lungs into the ____________________ containing the blood.

capillaries

O2

15% salt 1% salt 6% salt 8% salt

Fish Tank Water = 8% salt

1. If the fish tank water is 8% salt, what is the % pure water? __________

A B C D

2. Fish _____ has the most water in it.

3. Fish _____ has the least water in it. 4. Which fish will gain water? _____5. Which fish will lose water? _____6. Which fish will stay the same? _____

7. Which fish is in its natural environment? _____

Amoebas – one-celled organisms that live in water. These are in15% saltwater (85% H2O).

5% 1% 15% 22%

1. Which amoeba has the most water? _____

* Percentages show % salt in the amoeba

A B C D

2. Which amoeba has the least water? _____

3. Which amoeba will gain water? ____

4. Which amoeba will lose water? ______

5. Which amoeba will stay the same? _____

6. Which amoeba is in its natural environment? _____

Active Transport - _______________ is used by the cell to transportmaterials across the ___________________. Often this is ______________ the gradient (going from _______ concentration to___________ concentration). This is done by _________________molecules in the cell membrane.

A. Pinocytosis – dissolved molecules enter the cell when the________________ closes around it.

                                                                  

        

B. Phagocytosis (engulfing) – Large, __________________ particles are engulfed by the _____________________ flowing around it and encasing it in a _______________________.

Endocytosis – Part of a _____________________ forms a sacaround something being brought into the cell, pinches off, and enters the cell. ___________________ and ___________________are types of endocytosis.

Example: White blood cells eating _________________ (phagocytosis)

Exocytosis – a __________________________ package joins with the _________ ______________, opens, and releases its contents to the Outside of the cell.

Organization of cells

I. Some organisms are _______________ cells. Ex: ____________, ______________, ___________________, __________________, ___________ _____________

*All functions take place in a __________ __________.

II. Other organisms, including ______________, are ______________________. Ex: Cells are organized for better functioning:______ __________ ___________ __________ ________ __________________ Ex: ____________ _______ ___________ __________________ ________________ __________ _____________

Ex: _______ _______ __________ ___________ _________ ________________

requires requires

phagocytosis pinocytosis