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Cell Organelles NotesOrganelle: an organ in a cell
Cell membrane: is a thin, flexible barriersurrounding the cell
Cytoplasm: the material inside the cellmembrane but not including the nucleus iscalled the cytoplasm
Mitochondria: release energy from storedfood molecules (Makes energy in the formof ATP.)
Nucleus: controls most cell activities &contains DNA
Nuclear envelope: the nucleus is surroundedby a double membrane layer called thenuclear envelope. It allows material tomove into and out of the nucleus.
Chromatin: consists of DNA bound toprotein. Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. Chromosomes are structures containing the genetic information.
Nucleolus is located inside the nucleus. It produces ribosomes.
Cytoskeleton: helps support the cell. It helps the cell maintain its shape. It is also involved in many forms of cell movement. The cytoskeleton is made of microtubules and microfilaments.
Centriole: Creates microtubules for the cytoskeleton. Centrioles are only found in animal cells, not plants.
Ribosomes: synthesizes (makes) proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum: is an internal transport system that moves substances through the cell; The rough ER contains ribosomes
Golgi complex (golgi body/golgi apparatus): packages & ships out substances to other cells
Lysosomes : small sacs filled with enzymes. They break down large molecules into smaller particles.
Vacuoles: sac-like structures that store food, water, salt, protein and waste
The Life of a Protein1. Ribosomes make proteins2. ER transports proteins through the cell3. The golgi complex packages the protein in a vesicle & ships it out of the cell
Organelles only found in plants:
Chloroplasts: Use energy from sun to make food molecules in the process of photosynthesis. Use light energy and CO2 to make glucose.
Cell wall: lies outside the cell membrane. Rigid armor. The main function is to provide protection & support for the cell.