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Cell Injury
DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY– 2018
Cell adaptation reactions
Necrosis and Apoptosis
Necrosis and Apoptosisproperties Necrosis Size
Cell size Enlarged (swelling) Reduced (shrinkage)
Nucleus Pyknosis>Karyorhexis-> Karyolysis Fragmentation into nucleosome
size fragments
Plasma membrane Disrupted Intact, altered structures- lipids
Cellular content Enzymatic digestion , leak out of
cell
Intact; formation of apoptotic
bodies
Adjacent Inflammation Frequent No
Physiological and pathological
role
Pathologic (culmination of
irreversible cell injury)
Often physiological, leads to
the elimination of unwanted
cells; may be pathological after
some forms of cell injury,
especially DNA damage
Apoptosis
Calcium mechanism of injury
„Vicious circle “ in the pathogenesis of cell
injury
АТP depletion Lipid peroxydation
Damage of cell membrane
Increasing of intracellular Са 2+
Defense system of organism
during cell injury
Antioxidant system
Antimutation system
Detoxification system
Synthesis of Chaperones and HSP
The buffer system
Antioxidant system
Antioxidants of enzymatic origin - superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione
antioxidant system
Antioxidants of non-enzymatic origin - vitamins
E, C, A, ferritin, serulloplazmin, ubiquinone,
steroid hormones, cysteine, flavonoids
Free radicals and antioxidant system
Antimutation system
Helycase, endonuclease, exonuclease,
DNA-polymerse,nucleosidase,
insertase, ligase
Detoxycation system
Cytochrome Р450 and glutathione –S-
transferase
HSP- heat shock proteins and synthesis
of chaperones
Buffer system
Carbonate
Phosphate
Protein
Hemoglobin
Principles of correction
Etiological (antibiotic therapy )
Pathogenetical (Са++ blockades, inhibitors
of phospholipase)
Sanogenetical (antioxydants )