CE-III-CLOUD COMPUTING [12SCE323]-NOTES.pdf

Cloud Computing 12SCE323

Dept of CSE, SJBIT Page 1

Cloud Computing

Subject Code: 12SCS24 IA Marks: 50

No of Lecture Hrs/Week: 4 Exam hours: 3

Total No of Lecture Hours: 52 Exam Marks: 100

UNIT-1

Introduction : Business and IT perspective, Cloud and virtualization, Cloud services requirements, cloud and

dynamic infrastructure, cloud computing characteristics, cloud adoption.

UNIT-2

Cloud models : Cloud characteristics, Measured Service, Cloud models, security in a public cloud, public

verses private clouds, cloud infrastructure self service.

UNIT-3

Cloud at a service : Gamut of cloud solutions, principal technologies, cloud strategy, cloud design and

implementation using SOA, Conceptual cloud model, cloud service demand.

UNIT-4

Cloud solutions : Cloud ecosystem, cloud business process management, cloud service management, cloud

stack, computing on demand, cloud sourcing.

UNIT-5

Cloud offerings : Cloud analytics, Testing under cloud, information security, virtual desktop infrastructure,

Storage cloud.

UNIT-6

Cloud management : Resiliency, Provisioning, Asset management, cloud governance, high availability and

disaster recovery, charging models, usage reporting, billing and metering.

UNIT-7

Cloud virtualization technology : Virtualization defined, virtualization benefits, server virtualization,

virtualization for x86 architecture, Hypervisor management software, Logical partitioning, VIO server, Virtual

infrastructure requirements. Storage virtualization, storage area networks, network attached storage, cloud

server virtualization, virtualized data center.

UNIT-8

Cloud and SOA : SOA journey to infrastructure, SOA and cloud, SOA defined, SOA defined, SOA and

IAAS, SOA based cloud infrastructure steps, SOA business and IT services.



TEXT BOOKS:

1. Cloud Computing by Dr. Kumar Saurabh, Wiley India, 2011.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Michael Miller, Cloud Computing: Web based applications that change the way you work and

collaborate online, Que publishing , August 2009

2. Haley Beard, Cloud Computing Best Practices for Managing and Measuring Processes for On

Demand computing applications and data Centers in the Cloud with SLAs, Emereo Pty Limited, July

2008.



INDEX

Sl.No. Topics Page No.

1 Unit 1 - Introduction 04

2 Unit 2 - Cloud models 11

3 Unit 3 – Cloud at a service 14

4 Unit 4 - Cloud solutions 21

5 Unit 5 - Cloud offerings 28

6 Unit 6 - Cloud management 41

7 Unit 7 – Cloud virtualization technology 46

8 Unit 8 - Cloud and SOA 51



Unit 1: INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

1.1 Introduction

Cloud computing is used to provide the major shift in the way the companies see

the IT infrastructures.

Cloud computing trace its root to grid computing.

Grid computing starts with breaking of the silos by inserting an additional layer.

This additional layer is used to create the logical servers.

The computational power of the logical server can be increased or decreased as

per the application needs.

1.1.1 Grid Computing Information grid.

Compute grid.

Service grid.

A mix of them.



1.1.2 Grid-The Way To Cloud

Cloud computing would trace its roots to grid computing.

Cloud and grid service, would provide scalability and reliability Load balancing.

Cloud and grid services provide on-demand services –users, storages, networks…

Storage/data/information.

System management.

Security - Authentication, Authorization.

1.2 Essentials

Cloud computing-describes the means of delivering any and all Information to

end-users as A service where ever and when ever they required.

Cloud in cloud computing-provides the resources and other devices on demand.



1.2.1 Emerging through cloud

• Cloud computing is an emerging style where it provides applications, data and it

resources as standardized offerings to users through web in a flexible pricing model.

• Cloud helps to perform the following things:

Doing more with less.

Higher quality services.

Reducing risks .

1.3 Benefits

• Cloud reduces it cost.

• Cloud allows the users to access the services with out needing to understand the

technology.

• Cloud delivery models can be used to share photos online, download music's,

access bank accounts using mobiles.

• Cloud computing provides the to the users as a services through web.

• Enterprises uses cloud computing models in order to improve the productivity,

develop new products ,to service faster and to reduce cost.

1.4 Why Cloud



1.5 Buisness and IT Perspetive

Computing resources such as processing power, storage, databases, and messaging are

no longer confined within the four walls of the enterprise. Instead a tightly woven fabric of

abstract or virtual resources are tapped into whenever they are needed.

1.6 Cloud and Virtualization

1.7 Cloud Services Requirements

Cloud computing - Best for cutting the cost

-Workloads to be included in cloud model

-Comprehensive, asset-based solution to deploy dynamic infrastructure

-Infrastructure strategy and planning services



Advantages:

1. A proven service management

2. Supports significant productivity gains

1.8 CLOUD AND DYNAMIC INFRASTRUCTURE

Initiatives:

1.Service management

2.Asset management

3.Virtualization and consolidation

4.Information infrastructure

5.Energy efficiency

6.Security

7.Resilience

1.9 Cloud computing characteristics

1.Uses commodity based hardware

2.Uses commodity based software

3.Virtualization engine and abstraction layer for hardware

4.Multi-tenant

5.Pay-as-you-go

1.9.1 Cloud computing barriers:

1.Data security

2.Governance and regulatory compliance

3.Integration and interoperability

4.Suitable workloads

1.10 Cloud adoption

1.Low-priority business applications

2.Web applications and interactive applications

3.Services with low availability requirements and short life spans

4.Modular and loosely coupled applications; isolated workloads

5.R&D projects

6.Applications with different levels of infrastructure

7.Not suitable for mission-critical and core business applications

8.Not recommended for high performance file system application



1.11 Cloud Rudiments

high level capabilities of cloud:

1.Resource aggregation and integration

2.Application services

3.Self-service portal

4.Allocation engine

5.Reporting and accounting

Cloud Features:

1.Self-service

2.Dynamic workload management

3.Resource automation

4.Chargeback, showback, and metering

5.Open architecture

6.Image pools

7.Role-based access administration

1.11.1 Cost savings with cloud:

1.Faster time-to-market(missed business opportunity)

2.Public cloud interfaces

3.Automated scaling

4.Business transparency

1.11.2 Benefits to enterprises:

1.Increasing agility

2.Enable self-service

3.SLAs are met

4.Trial and error configuration test done at ease

5.Complete control over cloud

6.Deliver the promise of unlimited it service on demand

7.Pay for use

8.Reduction in it datacenter cost

9.Dynamic sharing of resources

10.Increase in utilization of datacenter resources



11.Increase in operational efficiency of resources

12.Achieve a greener datacenter

13.Support for heterogeneous hardware vendors

Help to enterprises:

1. Reduction in number of administrators

2. Reduction in cycle times

3. Reduction in planned capital spending

4. Reduction in physical server count

5. Realization of pay-per-use model

6. Increased user satisfaction

7. Consolidation of enterprise application licenses

8. Flexibility to meet future demands

9. Capacity on-demand

10. Consolidated, streamline change control

11. Separate production and development networks

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Unit 2 Cloud Deployment Models

2.1 Introduction

Cloud computing is an emerging style of computing where applications, data, and

resources are provided to users as service over the web.

2.2 Cloud Characteristics

On-Demand Service.

Ubiquitous Network Access.

Location-Independent Resource Pooling(Multi -Tenant).

Rapid Elasticity.

2.3 Measured Service

Cost Factor

Benefits

◦ Self-Service Capability

◦ Resource Availability

◦ Operational efficiency, Hosted Tools



2.4 Cloud Deployment Models

Public Clouds

Private Clouds

Hybrid Clouds

Community Clouds

Shared Private Cloud

Dedicated Private Cloud

Dynamic Private Cloud

Cloud Models Impact

Savings and Cost Metrics

Commoditization in Cloud Computing



2.5 Security In Public Cloud

Multi-Tenency

Security Assessment

Shared Risk

Staff Security Screening

Distributed Data Centers

Physical Security

Policies

Coding

Data Leakage

2.6 Public v/s Private Clouds

A public cloud is a shared cloud computing infrastructure that any one access. It provides

hardware and virtualization layers that are owned by the vendor and are shared between all

customers. It is connected to the public internet and presents an illusion of infinitely elastic

resources.

A private cloud is a cloud computing infrastructure owned by a single party. It provides

hardware and virtualization layers that are owned by , or reserved for the business. It, therefore

,presents an elastic but finite resources and may or may not be connected to public internet.

2.7 Cloud Infrastructure Self-Service

Infrastructure Strategy and Planning Features.

The Path to Cloud Computing.

Infrastructure Strategy and Planning Features.

Assesment of the current environment to determine strengths, gaps and readiness.

Development of value proposition for cloud computing in the enterprise.

Strategy , planning and roadmap to successfully implement the selected cloud delivery

model.



The path to cloud computing

Server virtualization.

Distributed Virtualization.

Private Cloud

Hybrid cloud.

Public cloud.

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Unit 3 Cloud as a Service

3.1 Introduction

Common attributes of a cloud infrastructure are,

Flexible pricing

Elastic scaling

Rapid provisioning

Standardized offering

To support ‘IT-as-a-Service’ , the cloud infrastructure must deliver,

Abstraction

Virtualization

Dynamic Allocation

Data management

3.2 Gamut of Cloud Solutions

There are five commonly used categories

1. Platform-as-a Service(PaaS)

2. Software-as-a Service(SaaS)

3. Infrastructure-as-a Service(IaaS)

4. Storage-as-a Service(SaaS)

5. Desktop-as-a Service(DaaS)





Fig: Cloud @ Datacenter

3.2.1 Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS)

3.2.2 Software-as-a Service(SaaS)

3.2.3 Infrastructure-as-a Service(IaaS)

Fig: Cloud Taxonomy

3.3 Principal Technology

The main Drivers for clod computing are cost,agility,time to market.

Infrastructure is a layer of software that

Interact with multiple server

Enables IT departments to pool resources together across server

Defines standardized tiers of services called virtual compute centres

Virtualization is the foundation for cloud

3.4 Cloud Strategy



This section provides a high level guidance to define the cloud strategy and artefacts that

capture the architecture of a cloud enabled application.

Key steps to cloud implementation planning are

Understand cloud strategy

Define cloud application requirement

Assess cloud readiness

Define high level cloud architecture

Identifying change management requirement

Develop roadmap and implementation plan

3.5 Cloud Design & Implementation using SOA

Architecture Overview

Service Oriented architecture(SOA) is very useful architectural style for implementing

applications in the cloud.

Language and platform independent services can be provided using standards-based ,

platform-agnostic SOA architecture .

3.6 Conceptual Cloud Model

Cloud Application Security & privacy Principals

Governance

Authentication & access Control

Data Protection

Logging & Alerting



Fig: Cloud Model

3.7 Cloud Service Defined

3.7.1 Service Defined

o Service

o Service Portfolio

o Service Component

o Service Owner

o Process

o Enablers

o Service Level Agreements

o Service Level Management

o Service Level Management Objective

3.7.2 Service Scope Overview

o Platform integration & Deployment Services

o Software Platform Management Services

3.7.3 Platform Integration & Deployment Component Services

o Order management

o warehousing & Stock management

o Platform Build & Test

o Base Backup

o Data & Personality Migration

o Asset Tagging & Custom Labelling



o Asset Inventory Update & Report

o Logistics & Delivery

o Instalation

o Extended Project Management

o Platform Removal & Return

o Asset Refurbishment

o Asset & Data Disposal

o Emergency Replacement

o Software Platform Management Services

o Software Platform Design Consulting

o Software Platform Design Creation & Customisation

o Software Platform Support & Maintenance

o Application Scripting

o Application Discovery

o Application Portfolio Management

o Software Delivery

o Antivirus Management

o Patch Management

o Health Check Services

o Compliance Services

o External Services

o Internal Services

o User-Initiated Service Request

o Customer-Initiated Service Request

`

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Unit 4-CLOUD SOLUTIONS

4.1 Introduction

The design and development of cloud application requires many unique considerations:

Business function

Application architecture

Security for cloud computing

Cloud delivery model

User experience

Development , testing and run-time environment

4.1.2 Cloud business and operational support services

Bss are components that cloud operators use to run their business operations.

Oss are computer systems used by cloud service providers.

Bss and Oss components need to be externalized

Cloud application architecture brings together the business services ,security

,infrastructure and integration required for an optimal solution.

The cloud vendor is responsible for delivering instances of cloud services of any category

to cloud service consumer.

For most cloud services , specific software are required for implementing cloud service

specifics

Cloud services can be built on top of each other.

4.2 Cloud Ecosystem

It is important to understand the relationship between a cloud service and the artefact.

Bringing any cloud service to market requires – pre-investment ,metering and charging

models in support of the corresponding business model.

Defining and delivering a cloud service requires nailing down all corresponding

functional and non-functional requirements.



Cloud’s capability to have multiple environments to deploy the application is an

advantage.

Advantages

Available in your own private cloud environment or on the public cloud.

Rapid access to a configurable development and test envir to speed time to

market .

Self service web portal for enterprise acct management and provisioning

in min.

Pay-as –you –go pricing

Security –rich environment designed to protect data and systems.

Access to a rich catalogue of s/w images for flexibility and rapid

provisioning.

Rapid provisioning and faster time to value.



4.4 Cloud Service Management

• A service management system provides the visibility, control, and automation needed for

efficient cloud delivery in both public and private implementation.

• Simplify user interaction with IT.

• Enable policies to lower cost with provisioning.

• Increase system administrator productivity.

• Cloud services that delivered across the firewall need third party that serves as a ‘service-

broker’

4.4.1 Key Cloud Solution Characteristics

• Scalability

– Cloud Orchestrator should maintain an index of resources.

• High Availability

– cloud orchestrator should play for master node to support ’active-passive’ as well

as ‘active-active’ scenarios for availability and disaster recovery

• Application Lifecycle

– This allows application to be isntantiated, removed or flexed quickly to respond to

real time demand for those application.

Key Cloud Solution Characteristics

• Multi-Tenacy/ Role-based Adminstration

• Policies

– Cloud orchestrator should provide rich set of policies that can be enabled.

• Alarm

– Cloud orchestrator should provide pre-defined alarms to notify individual users or

application owners regarding the application thresholds being reached.

• Application Awareness and Policy based Allocation

– Cloud orchestrator should be aware of application requirements and optimize the

placements of the applications



Key Cloud Solution Characteristics

• Resource Awareness and Policy based Allocation

– Cloud orchestrator should optimize the usage of cloud infrastructure through

intelligent resource application policies.

• Elasticity Based on Performance(Flex-up/Flex-down)

• Reporting and Accounting

– Cloud Orchestrator should provide metering and billing reports of resource

allocation and actual usage

– Self-Service Portal

4.5 On Premise Cloud Orchestration and Provisioning Engine

• It includes hardware, software and the services one needs to get started with cloud

computing.

• Users can add additional services to do cloud work.

• Should be designed from client cloud implementation experiences.

• Benefits/Value Propositions

– Innovation: Improves business value and IT’s effect on time-to-market.

– Decrease Operational expenses

– Reduce complexity and Risks

4.5.2 Cloud Orchestration and Provisioning Requirement Analysis

• First, understand test and development Requirements of cloud deployment to reduce

deploying time.

• Discuss with cloud customers.

• Set the boundaries of the environment.

• With the Orchestration and provisioning engine, a developer can log into a self-service

portal, select resources required and timeframe, select an image to provision from the

service catalogue and ready to go in hours.

• Entry Points:



– Turn existing environment into a cloud

– Jump start your cloud

4.5.3 Cloud Infrastructure Security

• The security aspect of the cloud infrastructure goes side by side with SOA security.

• It can be introduce as a layered approach.

• Top most layer is service layer with the run-time secure virtualized environment.

• The Secure Virtualized Runtime layer on the bottom.

– It is a virtualized system that runs the process that provides access to data on data

stores.

– It operates on virtual machine images rather than on individual applications.

Advantages of Cloud Orchestration and Provisioning Engine

– Improve time to value

– Improve innovation

– Decrease capital expense

– Reduce complexity and risks

– Virtualized

– Self-service

On demand computing

Reduce the physical footprint

Confidently increase system utilization

Balance workload dynamically across multiple servers

Increase end users availability significantly

Align cost with utilization

React to short term resource requirement

Pre-provisioning



Sizing and capacity planning is fully understood

Workload is fairly constant, ensuring good utilization levels are achieved

Workload can be scaled horizontally

Business reasons require the physical separation of workload

On demand cpu/memory/vm resources

Common pool concept

This method is ideal when :

Workloads are trending upwards so investment aligned with utilization

Peeks in workload are longer term

Workload scales vertically

Economically advantageous

Dynamic capacity

Advantages

Very short deployment time

Lowest possible cost

Less management effort

Flexible workload management

Granular charging scheme

Cloud platform characteristics based on COD

Low-end servers

High administration cost

Unable to share resources between applications

Physical segregation of servers

No downtime for application owners

On-demand platform



Physical or logical segregation of servers

Lower administration cost

Share resources between applications

Immediate availablility of CPU/memory

Dynamic capacity platform

Virtual machine implementation

Lower administration cost

Takes advantage of unused processing cycle of other applications

Share resources between applications

Cloud sourcing

Outsourcing the end-to-end solutions

No worries about operational staff

Consulting, implement and management solutions

No control over the place where data services are being offered from cloud vendors

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Unit 5 CLOUD OFFERINGS

5.2 Information Storage, Retrieval, Archive And protection

Information lifecycle management(ILM) is a growing set of recommended practices and

technologies to manage data more efficiently and effectively.

Objectives to support and improve the information management:

1.Cost Reduction

-controlling demand for storage

-Reducing hardware /software cost

-Reducing storage personal cost

2. Better System Performance And Personnel Productivity

-Doing storage activities ‘right’

-Improving current people, processes, and technologies being utilized to deliver a storage

services to business

-Defining and enforces policies to manage the life cycle of data

3. Increased Effectiveness

-Doing the `right` storage activities

-Defining and implementing appropriate storage strategies to address current and future

business requirement .

Activities For Gaining Initial Savings

-Reduce the amount of used storage as a result of initial clean-up

-Validate SAN requirement and reclaim used switches and switch ports

-Develop and document information classification

-Develop and document classes of services

-Design and implement the tiered storage architecture

-Migrate existing information to lower cost storage using the tiered storage architecture



Activities For Maximizing Savings

-Reconfigure the current storage environment effectively improving the available to raw

utilization

-Reclaim available storage that has been over allocated

-Enhance the information classification, classes of services, and tiered storage architecture

Activities For Sustaining Savings

Develop a storage architecture governance model

Implement changes to existing storage management process.

The estimated financial impact is calculated based on the following key cost components:

1. Operating Cost Categories

Personnel- storage support and contractors.

Facilities- current floor space consumed by storage telecommunication changes.

Storage hardware maintenance- existing maintenance and incremental maintenance resulting

from growth.

Storage software maintenance- existing maintenance and incremental maintenance resulting

from growth.

Outages – cost avoidance associated with reduction in unplanned outages .

2. Investment Cost Categories

New hardware required-includes disks, tape and array cost.

New software required-new storage software required to support the target environment.

Hardware refresh-investment required to refresh the existing hardware.

Transition services-incremental cost required to migrate the current environment to future

environment .

5.3 Cloud Analytics

Cloud analytics is the new offerings in the new era of cloud computing.

Cloud analytics can help analytics principles and best practices to analyze the different business

consequences and achieve newer levels of optimization.



FIGURE 5.1 Cloud Analytics

Cloud Business Analytics Competencies

One of them is cloud business analytics strategy that helps clients achieve their business

objectives faster ,with less risk and at a lower cost .

The next competency is business intelligence and performance management that helps

increase performance by providing accurate and on time data reporting.

The next is analytics and optimization that provides diff type of modeling techniques ,

deep computing and simulation techniques to check for diff type of what if analysis to

increase performance.

The other competency is enterprise information management that lets you apply different

architecture related to data extraction, archival, retrieval, movement and integration.



How It Works :Analytics

Analytics works with the combination of hardware, services and middleware.

Delivering business analytics and information software requires a seamless flow of all

forms of data regardless of format, platform or location.

The system features include the platform that provides data reporting, analytics based on

text, mining activities, business intelligence dashboards and perceptive analytics

techniques.

FIGURE 5.2 Cloud Analytics Business Outcomes



5.4 Testing Under Cloud

Private cloud deployments need virtualized servers that can be for testing the resources

for the cloud .

This ensures more secure and scalable solutions where consumers can access the it

resources in the test environment.

With this organizations can reduce the test cycles, minimize the it cost, reduce defects,

rationalize the testing environment and hence improve the service quality.

Benefits

Cut capital and operational costs and not affect mission critical production applications.

Offer new and innovative services to clients.

Facilitate a test environment based on request and provide request based service for

storage, network and os.

Value Proposition

Business test cloud delivers an integrated ,flexible and extensible approach to test

resource services and management with rapid time to value.

Value proposition is an end to end set of services to strategize design and build request-

driven delivery of test resources in a cost-effective, efficient manner.

Test tools allow to orchestrate and build your services and development projects and

allow to catalogue and organize all of the various software assets.

The Biggest Benefiters

The biggest problems for the finance heads are to reduce the operational and capital

expense of the development and testing environment.

Pre-existing service management can identify the starburst opportunities that come off

business development and test cloud services and planning consulting workshop services

are

o What are the types of service management integration that need to happen?

o Do they want to integrate with discovery?



o Do they want to integrate with the service desk?

o Do they want to create a help ticket whenever a provisioning steps occurs?

o Do they want to create an asset every time a new virtualized environment is created?

o Do they want to do usage and accounting chargeback?

o Do they want a test optimization service?

o A strategic roadmap is required to enjoy the benefits of application virtualization for

testing in cloud environment and requires different assessments.

o The first assessment is to consolidate the server and conduct the comprehensive

virtualization assessment.

o The next assessment is to determine what type of software models can be applied to the

available infrastructure to win over the constraints and increase the schedules.

Cloud Offerings Key Themes

Two main constituents

Application teams- Delivery of production internal and/or external application according

to service level requirement in cost effective manner.

Development teams- they are usually driven by user needs for frequent delivery of new

feature.

Key Themes

Infrastructure To Applications-

most common use case of private cloud is Infrastructure-as-a-service.

The vision is to support complex multi tier application provisioning such that

application can be fully configured and ready to run.

In some cases these are then delivered as a software-as-a-services model.

In between enterprise create their own platform-as-a-services catalog to enforce

consistency in development platform and middleware.

Dev/Test To Production

in software development there is a high level life cycle for application.

The beginning is development the testing followed by production.



Production application with dynamic scaling and managing more complex,

multitier application.

The solution should be unique in support in full life cycle in one product offering

in enterprise environment .

Allocation And Runtime Scaling

Allocation is a process of instantiating the service catalogue item , infrastructure,

platform and application.

Run time scaling is flexing up and down for required resource element to meet

SLA requirement defined by application.

Figure5.3 Cloud Orchestration Workflow



Benefits

Increase Agility And Innovation

Enabling self service delivery

Delivery on SLA

Simplify the process for ‘what-if’ experimentation

Gain control over public cloud usage

Decrease Costs

Increase utilization

Increase operational efficiency

Achieve a greener data centre

Maintain vendor choice

Offerings key characteristics

Service Layer

Self-service portal for different cloud user ;Administrators and end user

chargeback/billing and reporting based on usage and capacity

Applications

Automated application provisioning and life cycle management

Dynamic scaling to meet SLA

Allocation Engine

Account based quotas reservation ,scheduling and approvals for resource

allocation

Policy driven automation of placement, migration, failover.

Resource Integrations



Support for popular virtualization platform

Support for popular provisioning tools

Integration for popular public cloud/external service

Datacenter Integrations

Role based authentication and authorization

Adapter based integration to accounting ,asset management, entailment, service catalogue and

ticketing.

5.5 Information Security

Information security risks are potential damages to information assets. successful

organizations take a risk based approach to information security.

Value of asset

Vulnerabilities

Threats

Security controls are

Must be effective

Should be adaptive

Types of controls:

Preventive

Detective

corrective

Expectation Of Privacy

Consumer expectation is that security should be built into services themselves.

More evenly distributed security responsibilities.



Increased transparency from start to finish.

Eased burden of customer facing unit.

Security Challenges

As the information grows day by day ,datacenters and infrastructure are stretching the

upper limits of these resources.

It tries to maximize the use of the power,space and personnel.

It is evident that CAP-EX and OP-EX are increasing day by day.

Cloud computing and virtualization give them an opportunity to meet with these

challenges.

Another area to watch is security around web applications.

Security compliance

There is a need of policies and procedures for governance and risk factors with respect to

cloud security.

It is also required to conduct third party based checks and audits for the agreements that

are breached in the process.

Another method is to have strong SLA so that flexibility can be managed for the process

based on situations .

Identity Based Protection

Cloud environment requires extra protection levels as it works with diverse set of groups.

It also requires regulated monitoring of users ,regarding the logging to the resources and

check up for the background verifications.

Maintenance of the identity required to conduct smooth operation in the cloud deployments

and authenticate the real users.

The biggest problem is to make confidential data secure.

Data Protection@ Cloud

It relates to regulation of breaching of data and its separation on storage infrastructure.



Handles by encryption and managed by encryption keys and data is protected in cloud

centre .

The movement of data between the different location of the organizations depends on

cloud environment.

Application Security

Cloud vendor should have a clear and sound way to tackle by meeting the demands of

subscriber.

All the web based requirement should be coded to match actual requirement .

5.6 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

This is designed to help transform it architectures into virtualized open-standard-based

framework leveraging centralized it services.

It combines hardware, software and services.

It runs desktop operating system and applications inside virtual machine.

Architecture Overview

Desktop cloud virtualization services provide several advantages as follows.

Cost Reduction

Flexibility

Security

Availability

Efficiency

Enterprise Level

Provides a set of proven integration patterns and methods.

Reduce the dependency and on distributed pc and laptops.



End-user desktops run on virtual machines hosted in a centralized it infrastructure .

Figure 5.4 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Client Access

Desktop Virtualization Services

Desktop Management

Pool Management For Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

5.7 Storage Cloud

Helps organizations to address their challenges around data .

Value Proposition



Challenges

Business Drivers

Benefits

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Unit 6- Cloud management

6.2 Resiliency

Get exactly what you want. Pay only for what you use.

Our CloudLayer Computing lets you configure a public cloud instance with exactly the number

of cores (all 2.0GHz or faster), RAM, and local or SAN storage your application requires.

Deployed in real-time, with hourly or monthly billing.

One platform. Endless possibilities.

They seamlessly integrate with Soft Layer dedicated servers and our turnkey Soft Layer Private

Clouds. It's all behind one management system (including mobile apps, web portal, and full-

featured API) and global network.

Plus, with our proprietary image management system you can capture an image of any server—

dedicated or cloud—and then deploy it on any other server—dedicated or cloud. Scale. Migrate.

Whichever direction you choose.

Globally distributed. Fully connected.

It's all available out of 13 data centers in the US, Asia, and Europe, integrated by a high-

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Jose, and connect them as if they were in one rack—with no back-end network charges or

additional connectivity products to buy.

Build your vision on a platform that seamlessly spans physical and virtual devices, public and

private clouds, as well as international borders. Build the future.

Provisioning

Cloud provisioning is the allocation of a cloud provider's resources to a customer.

When a cloud provider accepts a request from a customer, it must create the appropriate number

of virtual machines (VMs) and allocate resources to support them. The process is conducted in

several different ways: advance provisioning, dynamic provisioning and user self-provisioning.

In this context, the term provisioning simply means " to provide."

With advance provisioning, the customer contracts with the provider for services and the

provider prepares the appropriate resources in advance of start of service. The customer is

charged a flat fee or is billed on a monthly basis.

http://www.softlayer.com/cloudlayer/computing

http://www.softlayer.com/dedicated-servers/

http://www.softlayer.com/solutions/private-clouds



http://www.softlayer.com/about/automation/mobile-apps

http://www.softlayer.com/about/automation/customer-portal

http://www.softlayer.com/about/automation/open-api

http://www.softlayer.com/about/automation/open-api

http://www.softlayer.com/about/network

http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/provisioning



With dynamic provisioning, the provider allocates more resources as they are needed and

removes them when they are not. The customer is billed on a pay-per-use basis. When dynamic

provisioning is used to create a hybrid cloud, it is sometimes referred to as cloud bursting.

With user self-provisioning (also known as cloud self-service), the customer purchases resources

from the cloud provider through a web form, creating a customer account and paying for

resources with a credit card. The provider's resources are available for customer use within

hours, if not minutes.

Asset Management

Software Packaging.

Incident Management.

Pool Management.

Release Management.

Configuration Management.

Systems Management (SysM).

Operational Readiness Management.

Backup Management.

Cloud Governance

Regulation of new service creation .

Getting more reuse of service.

Enforcing Standards and best practices.

Service change management and service version control.

http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/hybrid-cloud

http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/cloud-bursting

http://searchcloudprovider.techtarget.com/definition/User-self-provisioning



High availability and disaster recovery

Mean time between failures(MTBF).

Mean Time Recovery(MTTR).

High Availability(HA).

Continuous Operations(CO).

Continuous Availability(CA).

Availability Management(AM).

The objective of disaster management plan is to provide for the resumption of all critical IT

services within as stated period of time following the declaration of disaster.

Protect and maintain currency of vital records.

Select a site or vendor that is capable of supporting the requirement of the critical

application workload.

Provide a provision for the restoration of all IT services when possible.

Charging models, Usage Reporting , Billing And Reporting

Consumption-based pricing model

With consumption-based pricing you simply pay for what you use. This is most common for

infrastructure as a service (IaaS) offerings such as IBM SmartCloud Enterprise. Under these

models you only pay for the amount of resources you actually use such as disk space, CPU time

and network traffic.

Subscription-based pricing

In this model you pay to use the service for a period of time – typically on a monthly basis. Your

subscription cost typically allows for unlimited usage during the subscription period. So you pay

the same amount regardless of the amount or resources you use. This is most common model for

software as a service (SaaS) offering such as IBM SmartCloud for Social Business.

http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/en/cloud-enterprise/?ce=ISM0090&ct=cloud&cmp=ibmsocial&cm=h&cr=crossbrand&ccy=us

http://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/social/us/en/?ce=ISM0090&ct=cloud&cmp=ibmsocial&cm=h&cr=crossbrand&ccy=us



Advertising-based pricing

In this model the service is no or low-cost, but features advertising. So the user gets a no charge

or heavily-discounted service and the provider receives most or all of their revenue from

advertisers. This model is quite common in cloud media services such as free TV provider

net2TV.

Market-based pricing

With market-based pricing there is a market price for a service, like per hour of CPU time. The

market price varies over time based on supply and demand. As a customer you can buy the

service at the current price and use it straight away. Or you can make a bid to use the service at a

lower price and if the market price reaches your price then your workload will be activated and

you will be charged at your bid price. Amazon EC2 Spot Instances are an example of market

based pricing.

The future of cloud pricing models

As cloud computing evolves, so will the pricing models used. The challenge for the industry will

be to make these more complicated models easily assessable and understood.

Over time we may see more market-based systems and even pure auction systems. Other

possibilities that could eventuate include price comparison sites, aggregation services, group

buying, and a futures market for cloud computing services.

As standards such as OpenStack make it easier to move workloads between suppliers, it’s

possible that we’ll also see sophisticated deployment engines which query the market, acquire a

service at the lowest price, and then deploy workloads to the lowest-price provider.

Standardised Subscription –based Model

Pay per use model.

Premium pricing model.

Hybrid model.

Basic Requirement

Fairenes.

Control.

Repeatability and Predictability.

Simplicity.

http://www.net2television.com/

http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/spot-instances/

http://www.openstack.org/



Activity Based

Derives the cost of an organization outputs(products and srvices).

Identifies the activities and tasks used in production and delivery of the outputs.

Identifies the resources consumed in the performances of these processes and instruments

these activities so that the cost per task can be rolled up into change per major activity per

report.

*****************************************



Unit 7- CLOUD VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY

Introduction

• Virtualization represents the logical view of data representation,

the power to compute in virtualized environment

storing the data at different geographies and

various computing resources

This Statement really makes two points

• To virtualize your system, you separate the physical from logical, you manage and

utilize IT resources as a cohesive, holistic unit that is constantly -

adjusting,

reallocating and

responding

as changes in the business environment dictate.

• Virtualization is a liberating technology – meaning that you have better, more access

information you can further simplify IT management by instituting policy-based

response, and ultimately you reduce the cost of operations

Virtualization Defined

• Virtualization is an abstract layer (hypervisor) that decouples the physical layer from the

operating systems to deliver the greater IT resource utilization and flexibility

• It allows multiple virtual machines, with heterogeneous operating systems to run in

isolation, side by side on the same physical machine

Virtualization Benefits

• Business Benefits



saves money, dramatically increase control, simplify disaster recovery, business

readiness assessment

• Traditional Benefits

sever consolidation

‘Green IT’ – reduced power and cooling

Reduced hardware costs

Expanded Virtualization Benefits

• Increased availability / business continuity

• Maximized hardware resources

• Reduced administration and labour costs

• Efficient application and desktop software deployment and maintenance

• Reduced time for server provisioning

• Increased security on the desktop client level

Current Virtualization Intiatives

• Virtual CPU and memory

• Virtual networking

• Virtual disk

• Consolidated management

• Virtual motion

• Storage virtual motion

• Dynamic Load-Balancing

• Logical Partitions, Logical Domains and Zones

Server Virtualization

• Server Virtualization cover different types of virtualization such as client, storage and

network virtualization



Virtualization

• Virtual machine – VM is a server environment that does not physically exist but is

created using another server. In this context, a VM is called a ‘guest’ while the

environment it runs with in is called the ‘host’

• One host can usually run multiple VMs at once because VMs are separated from the

physical resources they use.

• Host Environment dynamically assign the resources



Hardware Virtualization

• HV is also known as Hypervisor-based Virtualization, Bare metal Hypervisor , Type 1

hypervisor, or simply hypervisor.

• This Virtualization technology has a virtualization layer running immediately on the hard

ware, which divides the server machine into several virtual machines with a guest OS

running in each of the machines.

Hardware and OS virtualization

OS virtualization

• This type also known as OS-based Virtualization, OS-level Virtualization, Type 2

Virtualization.



• OS Virtualization creates virtualization environment with in a single instance of

virtualization.

• This virtual environment created by OS virtualization are often called as containers

******************************



Unit 8-CLOUD AND SOA

8.1 INTRODUCTION

SOA is very useful architectural style for implementing applications in the cloud.

SOA would provide the best way to leverage and consume application service provided

by the cloud.

Developing integrated service management approach for both the application services

and infrastructure services together will drive efficiency in IT operations by improving

the resource utilization and improving the service levels.

It enable business agility by aligning IT with the business.

8.3 SOA AND CLOUD

Deliver and leverage cloud based services.

Use web services-service requestors, service registry, service providers.

It helps to interoperability and extensibility and shared infrastructure.

Self service capabilities and virtualized.

Cloud computing is an infrastructure management and services deployment method.

Cloud share characteristic of SOA with flexibility and agility.

Service-oriented architecture is an application framework for building better application.

SOA design pattern is composed of loosely coupled, discoverable, reusable.

Interoperable platform-neutral services.



8.4 SOA DEFINED

SOA is defined by what a service is. Service are defined by the following characteristics.

Explicit, implementation-independent interfaces.

Loosely bound.

Invoked through communication protocols.

Stress location transparency and interoperability.

Encapsulate reusable business function.

SOA treats elements of business like:

Business processes.

Underlying IT infrastructure.

Secure standardized components.

Changing business priorities.

When we look at the SOA vision we need to look at 3 aspects:

The business view of service.

The architecture view of service.

The implementation view of service.

SOA Lifecycle.

Combining new and existing services.

Secure and integrated environment for people, processes and information.

Customer manage both IT and a business Perspective.

Provide guidance and oversight for the SOA project.



Service-Oriented Computing.

Comprise a specific set of design principles.

It use "separation of concerns" design philosophy.

IT virtualized the architectural aspects of the service orientation to make process

simple

It helps to achieve business goals.

8.5 SOA AND IAAS

Major industry analyst view cloud infrastructure as a key IT ingredients for business

agility. Analyst recommend an IT infrastructure that is:

Shared across customers, business units and application.

Dynamically driven by business policies and service level requirements.

The analyst view IT visualization and IT Automation as 2 major elements in

realizing infrastructure as service.

ARCHITECTURE

Cloud infrastructure has many components, However, they need not all be implemented

concurrently.

Service can be divided into four domains.

Application Services.

Information Services.

Common IT Services.

Infrastructure Services.

SOA offers number of business values.

Business Agility.

This helps in defining the right time to launch or rapidly scale the deployment

efforts needed to implement the new solutions.

Lower Cost of Operations.



This helps in utilizing the virtual pools efficiently which decreases the chance of

procuring the new systems.

It helps in increasing in overall effectiveness when we work in an automated

environment.

Improved service levels.

SOA-based infrastructure helps to adhere to the SLAs efficiently and helps in

orchestrating the resource as per the rules and policies.

Business analytics helps to decide different predictive, proactive, alterative

approaches when we follow SOA.

Efficient Information Management.

Information dissemination.

Data replication.

Business continuity protection.

Regulatory compliance.

Maximizing resource utilization.

Rapid deployment of new application.

More timely response to changing business conditions.

Regulatory Compliance.

We need monitoring to track the performance of the services to confirm that they

comply with the regulatory compliances.

It is important to adhere with energy emission regulations and efficiencies to

adopt Greener solutions

If we have centralized data storage it will help the audit process. Centralized data

storage facilitates and accelerate audits.

Energy Efficiency.

Computing

Storage



Network utilization

Datacenter energy efficiency.

8.6 Cloud IT Service Management

8.7 SOA BASED CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE STEPS

Organization intent upon leveraging cloud infrastructure should consider the following

steps:

Analysis and Strategy.

Planning.

Implementation.

Value-Driven.

SOA and Cloud infrastructure.



SOA based cloud computing model builds on the IT and internet models.

SOA based cloud computing enabling new ways of doing business.

SOA to consider the business underlying principle and it helps to determine the

cost of investment.

SOA Business and IT Services.

It helps to measure performance of business functions and manage the runtime

application.

Generate the metrics to measure the performance is pivotal in the progress of the

business.

**************************************

Documents

CE-III-CLOUD COMPUTING [12SCE323]-NOTES.pdf