cdma2000® Core Network

Ben Levitan3GPP2 TSG-X

Nextel Communicationsben.levitan@nextel.com

cdma2000® India WorkshopHosted by 3GPP2 and CDG

New Delhi, IndiaFebruary 23, 2005

February 23, 2005 1

Presentation Overview

• Network Evolution Drivers– End User Needs– Operator/Vendor Needs

• Network Evolution Goals– IP Core Network– Worldwide Roaming– Enhanced Security

• Meeting the Goals– Harmonization– CDMA/GSM Roaming– Multimedia Domain– Services

• Conclusion

February 23, 2005 2

Network Evolution Drivers

• End User Needs– Voice Services– High Speed Data– Easy Operation– Low Cost/High Quality– Bandwidth as appropriate– Worldwide roaming– Small/Multifunction device– Security– Rapid Deployment of New Features– Wireline replacement

February 23, 2005 3

Network Evolution Drivers

• Operator Needs– Worldwide access for their customers – via roaming or home

network– Integrated services from multiple access technologies– Device management to enable new services– New entertainment and information services– Support for regulatory requirements– Flexible billing and collection– Protection against theft of service– Fast Time to Market– Profitable business/Low cost of operation

February 23, 2005 4

Network Evolution Goals

• IP Core Network– Voice and data services

• VoIP• High speed data transfer• Internet access

– Ease of service introduction– Lower maintenance and training

costs– Standard protocols and services– Cross-technology interoperability– Scalability

February 23, 2005 5

Network Evolution Goals

• Worldwide Roaming– CDMA/GSM circuit and packet roaming– IP cdma2000®1/UMTS roaming– Cross-technology roaming (wireless/WLAN)– Backwards compatible with legacy network (TIA-41, LMSD,

2G Networks)– Unifying our global customer community

1 cdma2000® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the United States.”

February 23, 2005 6

Meeting the Goals - Harmonization

• Harmonization Efforts with 3GPP– Decided to harmonize IP Multimedia Core Network in

April 2002– IP Multimedia Core Network is now virtually identical– X.S0013-0 v1.0 aligned with 3GPP Release 5– X.S0013-A v1.0 will align with 3GPP Release 6– Harmonization applies to services as well as IP Multimedia

Core Network• Multimedia Messaging Service• Push to Talk• Presence• Etc.

February 23, 2005 7

Meeting the Goals - Harmonization

3GPP 3GPP2

3GPP GPRSCore Network

3GPP2 Packet Data Network

IP MultimediaSubsystem

3GPP RAN 3GPP2 RAN

SGSN GGSN

P-CSCF S-CSCF

PDSN MIP HA

I-CSCF HSS

RNC Node-B BSC BTS

Core Network

Radio Access Network (RAN)

IP MultimediaDomain

P-CSCF S-CSCF

I-CSCF HSS

February 23, 2005 8

Meeting the Goals - Harmonization

• 3GPP2/3GPP Differences

3GPP2 3GPPAllows IPv4 and IPv6 Mandates IPv6Allows home P-CSCF address on MS (e.g., SIP URI, IP address) or use DHCP to discover

Special GPRS Procedure or use DHCP to discover

Allows PDSN and P-CSCF to be located in different networks (e.g., PDSN in visited network, P-CSCF in home network)

Requires GGSN and P-CSCF to be in the same network

Smart cards (R-UIM) optional Smart cards (SIM) requiredAllows HTTP digest authenticationMigrating to 56-bit MEID Uses 56-bit IMEIOther minor differences

February 23, 2005 9

Meeting the Goals - Harmonization

• Harmonization Efforts with IETF– Why

• Leveraging Internet products• Easy to interwork with Internet services• Flexible service creation

– How• Close coordination with IETF on ID/RFC development

– 3GPP2/IETF Liaison– IETF Dependency List– Members actively participate in IETF

• Use of SIP, RADIUS, DIAMETER, IPv4, IPv6

February 23, 2005 10

Meeting the Goals - Harmonization

• Harmonization Efforts with OMA– General Working Procedure

• OMA develops access independent applications• 3GPP2 develops core network on which those applications may run

– Ongoing coordination on• MMS• BCMCS• Presence• Push to Talk• IP based Location Services• Charging

February 23, 2005 11

Meeting the Goals - Harmonization

• Harmonization Efforts with ITU-T– Next Generation Network

• Wireless/Wireline convergence• IP Transport and Services

February 23, 2005 12

Meeting the Goals – CDMA/GSM Roaming

• CDMA/GSM Roaming– Approved X.S0023-0 v1.0, Network Interworking between GSM MAP and

TIA-41 Networking, for publication in June 2004• One way and two way circuit switch based service roaming• SIM based operations

– Approved X.S0003-0 v1.0, TIA/EIA-41-D Network Enhancements to Support CDMA SIM Roaming to GSM, for publication in January 2005

• TIA-41 specific enhancements for one way and two way roaming– X.P0034-0 v1.0, CDMA/GPRS Data Roaming, planned for publication

June 2005• Enhances current roaming capabilities to include packet data as well as circuit

switch based service

February 23, 2005 13

Meeting the Goals - MMD

• Evolution path to MMD– Legacy MS Domain Support provides a step by step evolution

path from existing circuit networks to All IP networks• LMSD Step 1 (X.S0012-0 v2.0) published March 2004• LMSD Step 2 (X.P0025-0 v1.0) planned for publication May 2005• MMD Release A (X.P0013-A v1.0) provides support for circuit/packet

interworking with LMSD

February 23, 2005 14

Meeting the Goals - MMD

• MMD– X.S0013-0 v1.0 published February 2005 provides basic MMD

architecture and multimedia call functions– X.P0013-0 v2.0, planned for publication April 2005, incorporates CRs

approved in 3GPP for Release 5– X.P0013-A v1.0, planned for publication July 2005, provides

• Interworking with Internet• Multiple Access Technologies (e.g., WLAN, 3GPP)• Conferencing • Mobile access to service data management

– X.P0013-A v2.0, planned for publication October 2005, incorporates CRsapproved in 3GPP for Release 6

• Interworking with PSTN• Service Based Bearer Control

February 23, 2005 15

Meeting the Goals - Services

• Presence– Determination of a user’s accessibility by other users and applications– X.S0027-0 v1.0 parts 000 and 001, published October 2004, provides

Presence Architecture• 3GPP/3GPP2/OMA focused on SIP/SIMPLE for Presence• SIP Subscribe/Notify • Watcher subscribes to presence events

– X.P0027-0 v2.0 parts 000, 002, 003, 004, planned for publicationApril 2005, provides

• Presence Security• Presence Service in MMD• Network Presence

February 23, 2005 16

Meeting the Goals - Services

• Broadcast/Multicast Service (BCMCS)– Simultaneous communication with multiple parties– X.P0022-0 v1.0, planned for publication March 2005,

provides• Support for both 3G1X and HRPD systems• Efficient use of radio resources when transmitting to multiple end users• Operator has control over:

– Which programs are delivered to which part(s) of the network– Billing of user/content provider– Encryption of IP flows– Service offerings

» Pay per view movies» Sporting events» Streaming data (e.g., stock values, traffic)

February 23, 2005 17

Meeting the Goals - Services

• BCMCS (continued)– End user

• Needs a BCMCS capable device• Subscription for/ad hoc access to BCMCS service• Selects BCMCS programming (may be menu driven from device)• Receives BCMCS programming• Receives billing for BCMCS services• Review and Support for OMA Digital Rights Management

February 23, 2005 18

Meeting the Goals - Services

• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)– X.S0016 (parts 000, 200, 310, 311, 312, 330, 340, 370)

published– Aligned with 3GPP Release 5 MMS– Supports Stage 3’s using

• OMA/WAP, M-IMAP, SIP• Internet Mail Exchange• Inter-carrier Interworking• VASP Interworking

February 23, 2005 19

Meeting the Goals - Services

• WLAN Interworking– Enable partnering between cdma2000 systems and WLAN

systems– Uniform handling of:

• WLAN owned by the cdma2000 operator• WLAN owned by a partner cdma2000 operator• WLAN owed by a standalone Wireless-ISP

– Interworking via RADIUS/AAA enables inter-system authentication, authorization, and accounting

• Ultimately accounting records are the basis for financial settlement• Single set of credentials for access to both cdma2000 and WLAN

packet data

February 23, 2005 20

Meeting the Goals - Services

• WLAN Interworking (cont.)– Services

• Internet access from WLAN• Access to cdma2000 operator-hosted services (e.g., IMS) from WLAN• Session handoff from cdma2000 link to WLAN and vice-versa

– Security• Same security as wireline• Same security parameters as wireline• Avoids need for additional security process when roaming

February 23, 2005 21

Meeting the Goals - Services

• MMD Security Architecture– Several Layers of Security

• Access Network• Packet Data Network• Mobile IP (if used)• MMD Security Association MS to P-CSCF (TLS, Digest, IPSec)• End-to-end Security (optional, not specified)

– MMD Security also includes network interfaces (CSCF-AAA)

February 23, 2005 22

Meeting the Goals - Services

• Push to Talk (PTT)– Several vendors have PTT solutions over cdma2000 1x

networks• Ericsson, HP, Togabi (PocketCHAT), Huawei, Kodiak (RTX),

Motorola, Qualcomm (QCHAT), ZTE (Gota)

– S.P0010-0 v1.0, PoC System Requirements, is planned for publication in 3GPP2

– Additional PoC specification development in 3GPP2 will leverage MMD work

– Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) being addressed in OMA• With 3GPP2 review and comment

February 23, 2005 23

Conclusion

• Benefits of 3GPP2 Specifications– Evolution path from circuit (TIA-41) networks to IP networks– Standard service offerings– Interoperability with other networks (e.g., GSM/UMTS,

WLAN)– Economy of scale with common platforms and protocols– Support for inter-technology roaming (allows worldwide

roaming)– Scalability– Excellent solution for Wireless Local Loop!– Opportunity for increased revenue

February 23, 2005 24

ACRONYMS

• 3GPP2: 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2• AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting• AKA: Authentication and Key Agreement• AMR: Adaptive Multi-Rate• AS: Application Server• BCMCS: Broadcast Multicast Service• BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function• BSC: Base Station Controller• BTS: Base Transceiver Subsystem• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access• CS: Circuit Switched• CSCF: Call/Session Control Function• DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol• GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node• GSM: Global System Mobile• GSN: GPRS Support Node• GPRS: General Packet Radio Service• HSS: Home Subscriber Server• I-CSCF: Interrogating CSCF• IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem• IM: Instant Messaging • IP: Internet Protocol• LMSD: Legacy MS Domain• M-IMAP: Mobile Internet Message Access Protocol• MAP: Mobile Application Part• MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function• MGW: Media Gateway

• MIP HA: Mobile IP Home Agent• MMD: IP Multi-Media Domain• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service• MRF: Multimedia Resource Function• MS: Mobile Station• MSC: Mobile Switching Center• OMA: Open Mobile Alliance• PCF: Packet Control Function• P-CSCF: Proxy CSCF• PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node• PoC: Push-to-Talk over Cellular• PS: Packet Switched• PTT: Push-to-Talk• QoS: Quality of Service• RAN: Radio Access Network• RLP: Radio Link Protocol• RTP: Real-time Transmission Protocol• R-UIM: Removable User Identity Module• S-CSCF: Serving CSCF• SDP: Session Description Protocol• SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node• SIP: Session Initiation Protocol • UE: User Equipment• UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System • WCDMA: Wideband CDMA• WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network