April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

CCNA Discovery Curriculum ReviewCCNA Discovery Curriculum Review

Networking for Home and Small BusinessesNetworking for Home and Small Businesses

Chapter 4:Chapter 4:

Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

DisclaimerDisclaimer

This review is not a comprehensive learning model of the curriculum!It is intended for chapter pre-exam prep, or post exam

review.Using this presentation as your sole source of teaching or

learning will not provide all the information you need to be successful in the Cisco Networking Academy.

All materials, images, text, and content unless noted remains the licensed property of the Cisco Networking Academy.

Please report all errors as soon as possible to:remeyers@mail.wvu.edu

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain “what is the Internet?” and how we connect to the Internet using an ISP

Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP.

Describe and identify the components of an ISP Network Operations Center.

Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in a Network Operations Center.

Construct and terminate twisted pair cables and determine type of cable needed

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ICG: Section 4.1ICG: Section 4.1

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

The Internet and How We Connect to It The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.14.1.1

The Internet is a network of networks that connects users in every country in the world. There are currently over one billion Internet users

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

The Internet and How We Connect to It The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.34.1.3

An ISP is a company that provides the connections and support to access the Internet.Point of Presence (POP) is the connection point

between the ISP's network to a local LAN

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

The Internet and How We Connect to It The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.34.1.3

Internet Backbone Very high-speed data links that interconnect ISP POPs

and ISPs to each other. These interconnections are part of the very large, high

capacity network

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

The Internet and How We Connect to ItThe Internet and How We Connect to It

Integrated Services RouterRouter, switch, wireless access point in one package

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

The Internet and How We Connect to It The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.44.1.4

ISP ServicesHome Service - slower connection speed, reduced web

space storage, and fewer email accounts.Business Class Service - more expensive, provides

faster connection speeds, additional web space, and additional e-mail accounts

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

The Internet and How We Connect to It The Internet and How We Connect to It 4.1.54.1.5

Asymmetric:Most commonly used for the

home.Download speeds are faster than

upload speeds.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ISP Levels of ServiceISP Levels of Service

Symmetric:Commonly used for business

or individuals hosting servers on the Internet.

It can carry large amounts of data in both directions at equal rates.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ICG: Section 4.2ICG: Section 4.2

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Sending Information Across the Internet Sending Information Across the Internet 4.2.14.2.1

For hosts to communicate on the Internet, they must be running Internet Protocol (IP) softwareNetwork connection (wired or wireless)IP AddressISP connectivity

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Sending Information Across the InternetSending Information Across the Internet

The IP PacketHas a header at the beginning containing the source and

destination IP addresses.Also contains control information that describes the

packet to network devices, such as routers

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Sending Information Across the Internet Sending Information Across the Internet 4.2.34.2.3

HOPEach router a packet travels through from source

to destination.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Sending Information Across the Internet Sending Information Across the Internet 4.2.34.2.3

Traceroute Traces the route from source to destination. Displays each hop along the way and the time it takes for

each one

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ICG: Section 4.3ICG: Section 4.3

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Sending Information Across the InternetSending Information Across the Internet

Internet cloudUsed to represent the Internet or any other complex

network, without showing the details of the connections.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Sending Information Across the Internet Sending Information Across the Internet 4.3.24.3.2

Routers are not the only devices found in the Internet cloud

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Networking Devices in a NOCNetworking Devices in a NOC

Physical requirements of a home network versus an ISP

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ICG: Section 4.4ICG: Section 4.4

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Networking Devices in a NOC Networking Devices in a NOC 4.4.14.4.1

There are two kinds of physical cableMetal (copper) using electrical signalsFiber using light signals.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Networking Devices in a NOC Networking Devices in a NOC 4.4.1 - 24.4.1 - 2

Twisted PairUTP most common in

homes and schoolsAll Categories of data

grade UTP cable are terminated into an RJ-45 connector.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Networking Devices in a NOC Networking Devices in a NOC 4.4.1 - 24.4.1 - 2

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Types of Cables and Connectors Used in NetworkingTypes of Cables and Connectors Used in Networking

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

ICG: Section 4.5ICG: Section 4.5

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Working with Twisted Pair Cabling Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.14.5.1

Cabling standards ensure reliable data transmissionsCable lengthsConnector typesPinouts

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Working with Twisted Pair Cabling Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.24.5.2

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Working with Twisted Pair Cabling Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.2,34.5.2,3

UTP Terminations

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Working with Twisted Pair Cabling Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.34.5.3

Patch panels and cables allow quick rearrangement of network connections

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Construct and Terminate Twisted Pair CablesConstruct and Terminate Twisted Pair Cables

Common Cable testing devices

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Working with Twisted Pair Cabling Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.3,64.5.3,6

UTP signal degradation cause by cable distance, low quality cables, and poor terminations.

Attenuation – drop in signal strength over distanceCrosstalk – adjacent wire noise

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

Working with Twisted Pair Cabling Working with Twisted Pair Cabling 4.5.4,64.5.4,6

Cable managementPrevents cable damageIsolates problems

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI

SummarySummary

The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks, accessed through ISPs.

Internet Protocol (IP) controls the structure and addressing of data packets for transport through the Internet cloud.

ISP Network Operations Centers (NOCs) utilize high-end, high-speed devices with redundancy.

Home networks feature multi-function devices which perform switching and routing.

Networks use physical cabling media which must conform to standards in construction and termination.

Cabling best practices are designed to reduce attenuation and crosstalk.

April 21, 2023 RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI