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8/3/2019 CCNA Dis1 - Chapter03 - Connecting to the Network [Compatibility Mode]
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Chapter 3 Connecting to the Network
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Objectives
Explain the concept of networking and the benefits ofnetworks.
Explain the concept of communication protocols. Explain how communication occurs across a local Ethernet
network. Describe Access layer devices and communication
methods on a local Ethernet network.
Describe Distribution layer devices and communicationmethods across networks.
Plan, implement, and verify a local network.
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What is a Network?
Networks provide the ability to connect people and equipment nomatter where they are in the world.
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What is a Network?
Converged networks
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Benefits of Networking
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Benefits of Networking
Here are other uses of a network and the Internet:Sharing music and video files
Research and on-line learning
Chatting with friends
Planning vacations
Purchasing gifts and supplies
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Basic Network Components Peripherals
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Basic Network Components Hosts
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Basic Network Components Network Devices
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Basic Network Components Network Media
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Computer Roles in a Network
Servers are hosts that have software installed that enable them toprovide information, like email or web pages, to other hosts on thenetwork.
Clients are computer hosts that have software installed that enablethem to request and display the information obtained from the server.
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Computer Roles in a Network
A computer with server software can provide services simultaneouslyto one or many clients.
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Peer-to-Peer Networks
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Network Topologies
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Network Topologies
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Source, Channel, and Destination
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Source, Channel, and Destination
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Rules of Communication
Among the protocols for successful human communication are: Identification of sender and receiver
Agreed-upon medium or channel (face-to-face, telephone, letter,photograph)
Appropriate communication mode (spoken, written, illustrated,
interactive or one-way) Common language
Grammar and sentence structure
Speed and timing of delivery
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Rules of Communication - Protocols
Protocols define the details of how the message is transmitted, anddelivered
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Message Encoding
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Message Encoding
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Message Formatting
In many cultures, a personal letter contains the following elements:
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Message Formatting
When a message is sent from source to destination, it must use aspecific format or structure. Message formats depend on the type ofmessage and the channel that is used to deliver the message.
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Message Size
These sentences are limited in size to what the receiving person canprocess at one time.
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Message Timing
People use timing to determine when to speak, how fast or slow to talk,and how long to wait for a response.
These are the rules of engagement. Access Method
Flow Control
Response Timeout
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Message Patterns
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Message Patterns
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Message Patterns
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Importance of Protocols
Computers, just like humans, use rules, or protocols, in order tocommunicate.
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Standardization of Protocols
As networks became more widespread, standards were developed that definedrules by which network equipment from different vendors operated. Standards are beneficial to networking in many ways:
Facilitate design
Simplify product development
Promote competition
Provide consistent interconnections
Facilitate training
Provide more vendor choices for customers
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Standardization of Protocols
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Physical Addressing
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Ethernet Communication
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Ethernet Communication
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Ethernet Communication
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Ethernet Communication
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Hierarchical Design of Ethernet Networks
Access Layer - to provide connections to hosts in a local Ethernetnetwork. Distribution Layer - to interconnect the smaller local networks. Core Layer - a high-speed connection between distribution layer
devices.
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Logical Addressing
The IP address is known as a logical address because it is assignedlogically based on where the host is located. IP addresses contain two parts. One part identifies the local network.
The second part of the IP address identifies the individual host.
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Access Layers
The Access Layer is the most basic level of the network. It is the part ofthe network in which people gain access to other hosts and to sharedfiles and printers.
There are several types of networking devices that can be used toconnect hosts at the Access Layer, including Ethernet hubs andswitches.
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Function of Hubs
Hubs contain multiple ports that are used to connect hosts to thenetwork. Hubs cannot determine which host should get any particular message.
A hub simply accepts electronic signals from one port and regenerates(or repeats) the same message out all of the other ports.
A hub is referred to as a shared-bandwidth device.
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Function of Hubs
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Function of Switches
Like a hub, a switch connects multiple hosts to the network. Unlike a hub, a switch can forward a message to a specific host. A table on the switch, called a MAC address table, contains a list of all
of the active ports and the host MAC addresses that are attached tothem.
Switch allows many conversations to take place at the same time,without collisions occurring.
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Function of Switches
How does the MAC address of a new host get into the MAC addresstable? Refer: 3.4.3.2
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Function of Switches
When a hub is connected to a switch port, the switch associates theMAC addresses of all hosts connected to that hub with the single porton the switch.
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Broadcast Messaging
Broadcasts are useful when a host needs to find information withoutknowing exactly what other host can supply it or when a host wants toprovide information to all other hosts in the same network in a timelymanner.
The broadcast MAC address in hexadecimal notation isFFFF.FFFF.FFFF.
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Broadcast Messaging
A local network is also referred to as a broadcast domain.
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MAC and IP
Address resolution protocol (ARP) is used to discover the MACaddress of any host on the same local network.
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
ARP uses a three step process to discover and store the MAC addressof a host on the local network when only the IP address of the host isknown.
Refer 3.4.7.1
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Distribution Layer
The Distribution Layer connects the independent local networks andcontrols the traffic flowing between them. The Access Layer devices are connected to each other via the
Distribution Layer device, such as routers.
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Function of Routers
A router is a networking device that connects a local network to otherlocal networks. At the Distribution Layer of the network, routers directtraffic and perform other functions critical to efficient network operation.
Refer 3.5.2.1
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Function of Routers
Each port, or interface, on a router connects to a different localnetwork. The routing table contain information about the routes, or paths, that
the router uses to reach other remote networks that are not locallyattached.
Local network broadcasts are not sent across routers to other localnetworks.
Refer 3.5.2.3
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Tables Mantained by routers
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Tables Mantained by routers
Refer 3.5.4.2
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Tables Mantained by routers
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Tables Mantained by routers
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Tables Mantained by routers
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Tables Mantained by routers
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Local Are Network (LAN)
The term Local Area Network (LAN) refers to a local network, or agroup of interconnected local networks that are under the sameadministrative control.
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Local Are Network (LAN)
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Addressing Hosts to Local and Remote Networks
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Addressing Hosts to Local and Remote Networks
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Learn to Use Packet Tracer
Refer: 3.5.7.1
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Plan and Document an Ethernet Network
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Plan and Document an Ethernet Network
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Plan and Document an Ethernet Network
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Prototypes
Once the network requirements are documented, and the physical andlogical topology maps created, the next step in the implementationprocess is to test the network design. One of the ways to test a networkdesign is to create a working model, or prototype, of the network.
Refer: 3.6.2.2
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Multi-function Device
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Sharing Resources
It is important to consider security issues, and to assign specificpermissions to shared resources. Simple File Sharing can be disabled so that more specific security
access levels can be assigned. When this is done, the followingpermissions are available to assign to resources:
Full Control
Modify
Read & Execute
List Folder Contents
Read
Write
Refer: 3.6.5.2
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Summary
Information networks carry data using hosts as clients,servers, or both. All computer communication involves a source, destination,
and channel.
Rules called protocols govern computer communications. Larger networks are divided into smaller, more
manageable ones using a layered hierarchical design.
Each network host needs both a physical MAC addressand a logical IP address.
Good network design requires a network plan.
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