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8/15/2019 CCNA Chapter 3
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© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #
Introduction to $yn!mic
%outing Protocol
Routing Protocols andConcepts – Chapter 3
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Objectives $escribe the role o& dyn!mic routing "rotocols
Identi&y sever!l '!ys to cl!ssi&y routing "rotocols.
Identi&y !nd describe the metrics used by dyn!mic
routing "rotocols. $etermine the !dministr!tive dist!nce o& ! route !nd
its im"ort!nce in the routing "rocess.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Dynamic Routing Protocols
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Dynamic Routing Protocols $yn!mic %outing Protocols)
*$yn!mic!lly sh!re in&orm!tion bet'een routers.
*Autom!tic!lly u"d!te routing t!ble 'hen to"ology ch!nges.
*$etermine best "!th to ! destin!tion.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # +© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Dynamic Routing Protocols The purpose of a dynamic routing protocol is to)
*$iscover remote net'ors
*-!int!ining u"*to*d!te routing in&orm!tion
*Choosing the best "!th to destin!tion net'ors
*Ability to &ind ! ne' best "!th i& the current "!th is no longer!v!il!ble
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Dynamic Routing Protocols Components of a routing protocol
Algorithm
An !lgorithm is ! &inite list o& ste"s used in !ccom"lishing !t!s.
Routing protocol messagesdiscover neighboring routers, e/ch!nge routing in&orm!tion,!nd m!int!in !ccur!te in&orm!tion !bout the net'or.
Data Structure
Some routing "rotocols use t!bles !ndor d!t!b!ses &or itso"er!tions. This in&orm!tion is e"t in %A-.
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Dynamic Routing Protocols
Adv!nt!ges o& dynamic routing
1 Administr!tor h!s less 'or m!int!ining the con&igur!tion'hen !dding or deleting net'ors.
1Protocols !utom!tic!lly re!ct to the to"ology ch!nges.1Con&igur!tion is less error*"rone.
1-ore sc!l!ble, gro'ing the net'or usu!lly does not "resent !"roblem.
$is!dv!nt!ges o& dynamic routing
1%outer resources !re used CP3 cycles, memory !nd linb!nd'idth4.
1-ore !dministr!tor no'ledge is re5uired &or con&igur!tion,veri&ic!tion, !nd troubleshooting.
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Dynamic Routing Protocols Adv!nt!ges o& static routing
1-inim!l CP3 "rocessing.
1E!sier &or !dministr!tor to underst!nd.
1E!sy to con&igure.
$is!dv!nt!ges o& static routing
1Con&igur!tion !nd m!inten!nce is time*consuming.
1Con&igur!tion is error*"rone, es"eci!lly in l!rge net'ors.
1 Administr!tor intervention is re5uired to m!int!in ch!nging
route in&orm!tion.1$oes not sc!le 'ell 'ith gro'ing net'ors m!inten!ncebecomes cumbersome.
1%e5uires com"lete no'ledge o& the 'hole net'or &or "ro"erim"lement!tion.
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Dynamic Routing Protocols
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Classifying Routing Protocols
Dynamic routing protocols !re grou"ed !ccording toch!r!cteristics. E/!m"les include)
*%IP
*I9%P
*EI9%P*:SP;
*IS*IS
*
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Classifying Routing Protocols
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Classifying Routing Protocols "ypes of routing protocols)
*#nterior $ate%ay Protocols I9P4
*&'terior $ate%ay Protocols E9P4
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #(© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Classifying Routing Protocols #nterior $ate%ay Routing Protocols #$P!
*3sed &or routing inside !n !utonomous system = used to route'ithin the individu!l net'ors themselves.
*E/!m"les) %IP, EI9%P, :SP;
&'terior Routing Protocols &$P!*3sed &or routing bet'een !utonomous systems
*E/!m"le)
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Classifying Routing Protocols
I9P) Comparison of Distance (ector = )in* State %outing Protocols
Distance vector
> routes !re !dvertised !s vectors o& dist!nce = direction.
> incom"lete vie' o& net'or to"ology.
>9ener!lly, "eriodic u"d!tes.
)in* state
> com"lete vie' o& net'or to"ology is cre!ted. > u"d!tes !re not "eriodic.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #+© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Classifying Routing Protocols
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Classifying Routing Protocols
Classful routingprotocols
$o ?:T send subnet m!sin routing u"d!tes
Classless routingprotocols
$o send subnet m!s in
routing u"d!tes.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #7© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Classifying Routing Protocols Convergence is de&ined !s 'hen !ll routers@ routing
t!bles !re !t ! st!te o& consistency
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #6© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Routing Protocols +etrics +etric
A v!lue used by ! routing "rotocol to determine 'hichroutes !re better th!n others.
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #8© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Routing Protocols +etrics +etrics used in #P routing protocols
*
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 20© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Routing Protocols +etrics +etric used &or e!ch
routing "rotocol
%IP * ho" count
I9%P = EI9%P *
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2#© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Routing Protocols +etrics )oad balancing
This is the !bility o& ! router to distribute "!cets !mongmulti"le s!me cost "!ths
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 22© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Administrative Distance of a Route
Purpose of a metricIt@s ! c!lcul!ted v!lue used to determine the best "!th to !destin!tion
Purpose of Administrative Distance
It@s ! numeric v!lue th!t s"eci&ies the "re&erence o& ! "!rticul!rroute
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2(© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Administrative Distance of a Route
#dentifying the Administrative Distance A$4 in !routing t!ble
It is the &irst number in the br!cets in the routing t!ble
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Administrative Distance of a Route
Dynamic Routing Protocols
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2+© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Administrative Distance of a Route
Directly connected routes!ve ! de&!ult AD of ,
Static Routes
Administr!tive dist!nce o& ! st!tic route h!s ! default value of
-
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Administrative Distance of a Route
Directly connected routes*Immedi!tely !""e!r in the routing t!ble !s soon !s theinter&!ce is con&igured
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 27© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary Dynamic routing protocols &ul&ill the &ollo'ing &unctions
*$yn!mic!lly sh!re in&orm!tion bet'een routers
* Autom!tic!lly u"d!te routing t!ble 'hen to"ology ch!nges
*$etermine best "!th to ! destin!tion
Routing protocols are grouped as either
*Interior g!te'!y "rotocols I9P4Or
*E/terior g!te'!y "rotocolsE9P4
"ypes of #$Ps include
*Cl!ssless routing "rotocols * these "rotocols include subnet m!sin routing u"d!tes
*Cl!ss&ul routing "rotocols * these "rotocols do not include subnetm!s in routing u"d!te
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ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 26© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Summary
+etrics !re used by dyn!mic routing "rotocols to c!lcul!te thebest "!th to ! destin!tion.
Administrative distance is !n integer v!lue th!t is used toindic!te ! router@s trust'orthinessD
Components of a routing table include)
*%oute source
*Administr!tive dist!nce
*-etric
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