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CCNA®

Cloud CompleteStudy Guide

Exam 210-451 and Exam 210-455

Todd Montgomery

Stephen Olson

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Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kenyon BrownDevelopment Editor: David ClarkTechnical Editor: Jon BuhagairCopy Editor: Kim WimpsettEditorial Manager: Pete GaughanProduction Manager: Kathleen WisorExecutive Editor: Jim MinatelProofreader: Nancy Carrasco Indexer: Jack LewisProject Coordinator, Cover: Brent SavageCover Designer: WileyCover Image: @Jeremy Woodhouse/Getty Images, Inc.

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To my awesome son, William, and incredible daughter, Allison: This book is

dedicated to both of you.

—Todd Montgomery

To my extremely patient wife, Melissa, who gives up countless nights to my

working and writing. Thank you for being the true provider in our house.

—Stephen Olson

About the AuthorsTodd Montgomery has been in the networking industry for more than 35 years and holds many certifications from Cisco, CompTIA, Juniper, VMware, and other companies. He is Cisco CCNA Security, route/switch, data center, and CCNP/CCDP route/switch certified.

Todd has spent most of his career out in the field working on-site in data centers throughout North America and around the world. He has worked for equipment manufac-turers, systems integrators, and end users of data center equipment in the public, service provider, and government sectors. He is currently working as a writer and technical editor and is involved in network automation projects.

Todd lives in Austin, Texas, and in his free time enjoys auto racing, general aviation, and Austin’s live music venues. He can be reached at toddmont@thegateway.net.

Steve Olson has been in the networking industry for almost 15 years and holds many certifications including Cisco’s CCIE #21910, the Cisco CCNA and CCNP amongst others. Steve has spent the majority of his career working in large enterprise as well as consulting for service providers around the world in the cloud, wan, and data center segments. He is currently working on SDN projects in the wan and data center spaces as well as overall cloud networking for the enterprise. He currently resides in Austin, Texas with his wife and two children. Steve enjoys music and guitar in his free time. Steve can be reached at stephenjolson@gmail.com.

AcknowledgmentsThere are many people who work to put a book together, and although as authors we dedi-cate an enormous amount of time to writing the book, it would never be published without the dedicated, hard work of the whole team at Wiley. They are truly a fantastic group to work with, and without the Wiley team this book would have never been possible.

First, we’d like to thank Kenyon Brown, our senior acquisitions editor, who offered us support and guidance through the writing process. Ken was always there to answer ques-tions and point us in the right direction. Without Ken as a mentor, we could never have pulled this one off.

We also can never thank our development editor David Clark too many times; David is a true professional who stayed on top of the schedule and professionally reminded us of the next upcoming deadline we were working to meet. Without David’s help putting this book together, it would have been much more difficult than it was. David has the ability to take the raw text from the authors, who are primarily engineers, and manage to turn it into pre-sentable copy. Thanks again, David!

Jon Buhagiar offered excellent input as our technical editor. He gave us invaluable feedback on how to make the technical concepts more understandable to the readers and pointed out where we needed to modify our technical content for accuracy. It was great that Jon was able to be on this project with us.

A big thank-you to Katie Wisor, the production editor for this book. Kim Wimpsett worked her markup magic in the background as the copy editor. The authors are both amazed at how Katie and Kim along with their team of professionals could take our work and transform it into such a presentable book. We’re sure there is a whole staff at Wiley lurking in the background, and we will never know how much they helped, but to everyone at Wiley, a big thank-you! You made the late nights and long weekends of writing and put-ting this book together all worthwhile.

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ContentsIntroduction xvii

Understanding Cisco Cloud Fundamentals (210-451) Assessment Exam xxx

Cisco Cloud Administration (210-455) Assessment Exam xli

Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Cloud Computing 1

An Introduction to Cloud Computing 2How Cloud Computing Is Different from Traditional

Computing 2Computing as a Utility 2The Role of Virtualization 4What Cloud Computing Offers That Is New 4The Growth of Cloud Computing 5Migrating to the Cloud 5A Look at How the CCNA Role Is Evolving 6Preparing for Life in the Cloud 6

The Evolutionary History of Cloud Computing 7A Brief History of Computing 7Computing in the Past 7Computing in the Present Day 9The Future of Computing 10The Great Cloud Journey: How We Got Here 11

What Exactly Is Cloud Computing? 11The NIST Definition of the Cloud 12How Many Definitions Are There? 12The Many Types of Clouds 12

Introducing the Data Center 16The Modern Data Center 17Business Models 18Data Center Deployment Models 18Data Center Operations 18Designing the Data Center for the Anticipated Workload 19

The Difference Between the Data Center and Cloud Computing Models 19

Common Cloud Characteristics 20On-Demand Self-Service 20Elasticity 20Resource Pooling 22Metered Service 25Cloud Access Options 25

viii Contents

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Exploring the Cloud Multitenancy Model 26Summary 26Exam Essentials 27Written Lab 27Review Questions 29

Chapter 2 Defining Cloud Service Models 33

Introducing the Cloud Computing Service Models 34Understanding the Different Cloud Service Models 35

Defining Infrastructure as a Service 36Defining Platform as a Service 45Defining Software as a Service 52Other “as a Service” Models 53

Summary 54Exam Essentials 54Written Lab 55Review Questions 56

Chapter 3 Understanding Cloud Deployment Models 61

What Are the Primary Cloud Deployment Models? 62The Public Cloud Model 63The Private Cloud Model 66The Community Cloud Model 67The Hybrid Cloud Model 68Summary 69Exam Essentials 70Written Lab 70Review Questions 72

Chapter 4 Introducing the Cisco Intercloud Solution 77

Introduction to the Cisco Intercloud Fabric Solution 78Introduction to the Cisco Intercloud Components 80

Cisco Intercloud Fabric Director 81Cisco Intercloud Fabric Extender 82

Cisco Intercloud Fabric Services 84Cisco Intercloud Firewall Services 85Cisco Intercloud Routing Services 86Cisco Secure Intercloud Fabric Shell 87Cisco Intercloud Fabric for Providers 87

Cisco Intercloud Fabric Benefits 88Cisco Intercloud Fabric Use Cases 88

Development and Quality Assurance 89Cloud Bursting and Capacity Management 89Shadow IT 90

Contents ix

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Summary 90Exam Essentials 91Written Lab 92Review Questions 93

Chapter 5 The Cisco Unified Computing System 97

An Introduction to the Cisco Unified Computing System 98Exploring the Key Features of the UCS Product Family 100UCS Blade Server B-Series 102

Blade Server Overview 103B-Series Architecture 103USC B-Series Models 104

UCS Rack Server C-Series 106The Chassis Server Overview 106C-Series Architecture 107USC C-Series Models 107

UCS Interconnect and Unified Fabric Products 111Cisco Data Center Unified Fabric Interconnects 112Combining Data and Storage on the Same Switching Fabric 114

UCS Manager 115UCSM GUI 117UCSM Use Cases 117

UCS Central 118UCS Central GUI 119UCS Central Use Cases 120

Server Identity (Profiles, Pools, and Templates) 120UCSM Configuration Concepts 120Understanding UCS Profiles 121Understanding UCS Pools 123Understanding UCS Templates 124

Summary 125Exam Essentials 126Written Lab 126Review Questions 127

Chapter 6 Cisco Data Center Products and Technologies 131

Data Center Network Architectures 132Data Center LAN Fabric Design 132Cisco Unified Fabric 135Cisco Nexus Data Center Products 139

Nexus 1000v Switches 140Nexus 2000 Switches 140Nexus 5000 Switches 142Nexus 7000 Switches  145

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Nexus 7700 Switches 146Nexus 9000 Switches 147Nexus 9200 Switches 148Nexus 9300 Switches 149Nexus 9500 Switches 149Nexus 9500 Modules 150

Software Defined Networking 150Separating the Control and Data Plane 152Exploring Device Programmability 154Introduction to OpenDaylight 157ACI Solutions to Enhance SDN 159The Cisco ACI APIC 164The Data Center Spine and Leaf Design  164Summary 166Exam Essentials 166Written Lab 167Review Questions 169

Chapter 7 Server Virtualization in the Cloud 173

Introducing Virtualization 174Understanding the Benefits of Virtualization 176

Shared Resources 176Rapid Deployment 177Portability 177Isolation 178Consolidating the Network 178Consolidation of Servers 178Consolidating the Infrastructure 178

Introducing the Hypervisor 178Taking a Closer Look at the Hypervisor 179Type 1 Hypervisors 180Type 2 Hypervisors 181Commercial and Open Source Hypervisors 182

Understanding Server Virtualization 183Virtual Machines 183Snapshots 184Cloning 184Virtual Machine Migrations 185

Virtual Machines and Server Virtualization Offerings 185Open Source 186Commercial Offerings 186Orchestration 186

Bare-Metal Servers 186

Contents xi

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Server Resource Virtualization 187Virtual Memory 187Virtual Network Interfaces 187Virtual Storage 188Virtual Switches 188Virtual CPUs 188

Migrating Servers to the Cloud 188Understanding the Move to the Cloud 189Undertaking the Migration Project 189

Virtualizing the Operating System 189Migration Models 190

VM Resiliency in the Cloud 191Cloud Provider Redundancy 192Migrating Virtual Machines 192Availability Zones 192

Summary 193Exam Essentials 193Written Lab 194Review Questions 195

Chapter 8 Infrastructure Virtualization 199

Network Switch Virtualization 200VMware Virtual Switching 201Cisco Nexus 1000v 206Cisco Nexus 1100 and Virtual Network Services 208Cisco Virtual Application Containers 217VLANs and VxLAN 219Summary 227Exam Essentials 228Written Lab 228Review Questions 230

Chapter 9 Cloud Storage 235

Introduction to Cloud Storage 236Cloud Storage Models 236

Direct-Attached Storage 237Network-Attached Storage 237File-Level Access 238Block-Level Access 238Storage Controllers 239

File System Types 239UFS 240EXT 240

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NTFS 240FAT 240VMFS 240

Storage Tiering 241Storage Tier Levels 241Performance Levels of Each Tier 242

Storage Provisioning Concepts 242Thick Storage Provisioning 242Thin Storage Provisioning 242

Exploring Cloud Storage Technologies 243Solid-State Drives 243Magnetic Drives 244Tape Drive 244

Understanding the RAID Technologies 245What Is RAID? 245RAID 0 245RAID 1 246RAID 1+0 248RAID 0+1 248RAID 5 249RAID 6 250

Disk Pools 251Summary 251Exam Essentials 252Written Lab 253Review Questions 255

Chapter 10 Storage Area Networking 259

Introducing Storage Area Networking 260Block Storage Technologies 264File-Based Storage Technologies 265

Network-Attached Storage 265Direct-Attached Storage 266

NAS Storage Concepts 266Shares 266Mount Points 267

SAN Protocols and Hardware 267Fibre Channel 268World Wide Names 271Host Bus Adapters 272Converged Network Adapters 273Fibre Channel over Ethernet 274iSCSI 276The SAN Initiator 276

Contents xiii

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The SAN Target 278Zoning in the SAN 278Virtual Storage Area Network 278Understanding Storage Logical Unit Numbers 279SAN Permissions 279

Summary 279Exam Essentials 280Written Lab 282Review Questions 283

Chapter 11 Cisco Storage Product Families and Offerings 287

Introducing the Cisco Storage Network Product Lines 288The Cisco MDS Family 288

Overview of the MDS Product Family 289The MDS 9100 Series 289The MDS 9200 Series 290The MDS 9300 Series 292The MDS 9700 Series 293

The Nexus Product Family 297The Cisco Nexus Family Storage Networking Features 297The Nexus 5600 Series SAN Offerings 298The Nexus 7000 Series SAN Offerings 299The UCS Fabric Interconnects 300The Nexus 9000 Family 301

The UCS Invicta (Whiptail) Family 301Summary 302Exam Essentials 302Written Lab 303Review Questions 305

Chapter 12 Integrated Cloud Infrastructure Offerings 309

Integrated Infrastructure Overview 310Integrated Infrastructures and Cisco Reference Designs 313FlexPod (NetApp) 315

FlexPod Overview 315FlexPod Components 315

Vblock (Dell, EMC, VCE) 317Vblock Overview 317Vblock Components 318

VSPEX (Dell, EMC) 319OpenBlock (Red Hat) 320Summary 321Exam Essentials 321Written Lab 322Review Questions 323

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Chapter 13 Configuring Roles and Profiles 327

CLDFND Exam 210-455 Overview 328An Introduction to Cisco Cloud Administration 328

UCS Director 329Configure Users/Groups and Role-Based Access

Control in the Portal, Including Basic Troubleshooting 330Summary 356Exam Essentials 357Written Lab 357Review Questions 358

Chapter 14 Virtual Machine Operations 361

VM Operations 362Cisco ONE Enterprise Cloud Suite 364

UCS Director and VM Operations 365Prime Service Catalog 371

Summary 372Exam Essentials 372Written Lab 373Review Questions 374

Chapter 15 Virtual Application Containers 377

Understanding and Deploying Virtual Application Containers 378What Are Virtual Application Container Segmentation

Services? 379Using Virtual Application Containers 380Deploying Containers 381

Supporting and Troubleshooting Virtual App Containers 381Firewalls 382Networking 382Load Balancers 382Power Management 383Monitoring 383

Summary 383Exam Essentials 384Written Lab 384Review Questions 385

Chapter 16 Intercloud Chargeback Model 389

Understanding the Chargeback Model 390Chargeback Features 390Chargeback Budget Policy 391Cost Models 391Chargeback Reporting 393

Contents xv

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Summary 394Exam Essentials 394Written Lab 395Review Questions 396

Chapter 17 Cloud Reporting Systems 401

Cloud Reporting Systems 402UCS Director Reporting 402

Physical Network Reports 403UCS Compute Reports 404Application Centric Infrastructure Reporting 404CloudSense Analytics 405

UCS Director Chargeback 408Chargeback Module 408

Summary 410Exam Essentials 410Written Lab 411Review Questions 412

Chapter 18 UCS Director Service Catalogs 417

Cloud Provisioning with Service Catalogs 418UCS Director Catalogs 418

Standard Catalog 419Advanced Catalog 424Service Container Catalog 426Bare-Metal Catalog 426VDI Catalog 427

UCS Director End-User Portal 427Summary 430Exam Essentials 430Written Lab 430Review Questions 432

Chapter 19 Cisco Prime Service Catalog Templates and Provisioning 435

Prime Service Catalog Introduction 436Prime Service Catalog Showcase 436

Categories 437Services 439

Importing to Prime Service Catalog 440Ordering from Prime Service Catalog 447

Finding Services 447Ordering and Monitoring 450Accessing and Managing Services 453

xvi Contents

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Summary 454Exam Essentials 454Written Lab 454Review Questions 456

Chapter 20 Cisco Prime Service Catalog Components 459

Prime Service Catalog Components 460Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud 460Prime Service Catalog Components 461

Cisco UCS Director Orchestration and Automation 462Cisco UCS Director Bare Metal Agent 463Cisco UCS Director Workflows, Orchestration,

and Automation 465Cisco UCS Performance Manager 468

Summary 469Exam Essentials 470Written Lab 471Review Questions 472

Chapter 21 Cloud Monitoring and Remediation 475

Cloud Monitoring 476Cisco UCS Performance Manager and Capacity

Management 476Cisco UCS Manager and UCS Central Monitoring 480Cisco UCS Director Capacity Management and Monitoring 485Cisco UCS Director Dashboards 488

Service Request Monitoring, Logs, and Backup 490Cisco UCS Director Logs 490Cisco Prime Service Catalog Logs 497Backups in UCS Director and Prime Service Catalog 499

Cloud Serviceability Options 500Syslog 500Network Time Protocol 502Domain Name System 505Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 507Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 508

Summary 509Exam Essentials 509Written Lab 510Review Questions 511

Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 515

Appendix B Answers to Written Lab 543

Index 555

Introduction Welcome to the exciting world of cloud computing and Cisco certifi cations! If you picked up this book because you want to improve yourself with a secure and rewarding job in the new and fast-growing cloud computing space, you have come to the right place. Whether you are striving to enter the thriving, dynamic IT sector or seeking to enhance your skills in the emerging cloud computing fi eld, being Cisco CCNA Cloud certifi ed can seriously stack the odds in your favor of success.

Cisco certifi cations are powerful instruments of success that will most certainly improve your knowledge of cloud computing. As you progress through this book, you’ll gain a broad and deep understanding of cloud computing operations that offers unprecedented exposure to this dynamic and fast-growing fi eld. The knowledge and expertise you will gain are essential for your success in all areas of the cloud computing fi eld.

By deciding to become a Cisco CCNA Cloud certifi ed professional, you’re proudly announcing to the world that you want to become an unrivaled cloud computing expert, a goal that this book will get you well on your way to achieving. Congratulations in advance on the beginning of your brilliant future!

For up-to-the-minute updates covering additions or modifications to the Cisco certification exams, as well as additional study tools, videos, prac-tice questions, and bonus material, be sure to visit the Sybex website and forum at www.sybex.com .

Why Should You Become Certified in Cisco Cloud Technologies? Cisco is the world’s leading networking equipment vendor. It plays a key role in cloud com-puting operations, from the networking, computing, and storage equipment in the data cen-ter to the wide area networks, security hardware and software, and applications that enable cloud computing.

Cisco certifi cations are recognized and respected worldwide for their quality and rigorous standards. Cisco offers a broad range of certifi cations on a wide variety of networking topics. When you become CCNA Cloud certifi ed, you have validated your skills and expertise in the implementation and ongoing support of cloud-based services. Becoming a CCNA Cloud cer-tifi ed professional validates that you have the knowledge to be a successful cloud engineer.

In fact, Cisco certifi cations are some of the most sought-after certifi cations in the market today. Studying for and passing the two CCNA Cloud exams gives engineers a set of skills to succeed in the fast-growing fi eld of cloud computing.

Rest assured that when you pass the CCNA cloud exams, you’re headed down a path to certain success!

xviii Introduction

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What Does This Book Cover?This book follows the official Cisco exam blueprints for the two exams required to become cloud certified at the CCNA level.

The first exam is CLDFND 210-451, which covers the fundamentals of cloud comput-ing and offers the big picture of cloud architectures, models, and terminology. We will take you from little or no knowledge of cloud computing to a level that gives you a broad back-ground and overview of modern cloud operations. You will also learn about the underlying technologies used to enable cloud computing such as networking, compute, storage, auto-mation, and security.

The second part of this book will prepare you for the CLDADM 210-455 exam, which focuses on cloud administration, deployment, and management applications in the Cisco cloud product portfolio.

You will learn the following information in this book:

Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing The book starts out investigating the most common cloud models and characteristics. Then it moves into more detail with an introduction to the components of on-demand computing, resource pooling, elasticity, metering of cloud services, how the cloud provides ubiquitous access, and the concept of multitenancy.

Chapter 2: Defining Cloud Service Models In this chapter, you’ll learn about cloud ser-vice models including Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service, and you’ll learn about the use cases for each type.

Chapter 3: Understanding Cloud Deployment Models Chapter 3 covers cloud deployment modes and goes into detail on the four most common models: private, public, community, and hybrid clouds.

Chapter 4: Introducing the Cisco Intercloud Solution Chapter 4 builds on your cloud knowledge by explaining the Cisco Intercloud Fabric application suite and goes into detail on the various fabric services offered with this product family.

Chapter 5: The Cisco Unified Computing System This chapter covers Cisco-specific cloud hardware and software products that will be covered on the exam including the UCS family of servers. The chapter also covers the UCS Manager application used to configure, moni-tor, and manage the UCS family of products.

Chapter 6: Cisco Data Center Products and Technologies This extensive chapter covers Cisco’s data center product lines including the Nexus product line. You will also learn about network architectures in the cloud data center, Cisco’s unified switching fabric, software-defined networking, data center spine and leaf designs, and the APIC controller. This chap-ter covers a lot of core material and is important to understand before taking the exam.

Chapter 7: Server Virtualization in the Cloud You’ll now delve deeper into the underlying infrastructure of the cloud data center. Virtualization is the technology that enables cloud computing; this chapter will focus on server virtualization.

Introduction xix

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Chapter 8: Infrastructure Virtualization Infrastructure virtualization includes the soft-ware abstraction of data center core networking technologies such as Ethernet switching, routing, and other networking services. Also covered in this chapter are container services.

Chapter 9: Cloud Storage Chapter 9 starts exploring the storage objects outlined in the 210-451 exam. This is an introductory storage chapter that covers the provisioning and pooling of storage resources.

Chapter 10: Storage Area Networking Chapter 10 delves deeper into cloud storage by covering the networking aspects of storage systems. You will learn about storage access technologies, network-attached storage systems, and storage area networking.

Chapter 11: Cisco Storage Product Families and Offerings Chapter 11 continues the investigation into cloud storage by covering the Cisco hardware products in its storage lineup. These include the core SAN products in the MDS family, the storage network capa-bilities in the Nexus switching family, and the Invicta products.

Chapter 12: Integrated Cloud Infrastructure Offerings There are several reference designs that are central to Cisco cloud and data center implementations. This chapter covers inte-grated infrastructure designs from Network Appliance, VCE, EMS, and Red Hat.

Chapter 12 ends the coverage of the objectives required to complete the CLDFND 210-451 exam.

Chapter 13: Configuring Roles and Profiles This chapter begins the study for the CLDADM 210-455 cloud administration exam. The cloud administration exam focuses on Cisco applications and management applications for the cloud. For the rest of the book, we will focus primarily on the Cisco ONE Enterprise Cloud suite of applications since the CLDADM 210-455 exam tests you on the applications that make up the Cisco ONE prod-uct family. In this chapter, you will learn how to configure user roles and how to create groups, roles, and profiles.

Chapter 14: Virtual Machine Operations Chapter 14 covers cloud virtual machine topics such as migrations, editing, and snapshots.

Chapter 15: Virtual Application Containers Virtual application containers are the focus of this chapter and explain how to create and manage and troubleshoot containers using Cisco cloud management applications.

Chapter 16: Intercloud Chargeback Model The Intercloud Chargeback model covers bill-ing reports, chargeback model and features, budget policies, and cost models.

Chapter 17: Cloud Reporting Systems Cloud reports are a key part of the Cisco cloud family of applications. Report generation for virtual, physical, billing, system utilization, and snapshots are covered in this chapter.

Chapter 18: UCS Director Service Catalogs Service catalogs are integrated into the Cisco UCS Director suite of cloud management applications. Service catalogs allow for the order-ing and provisioning of predefined services. You will learn about the Prime Service Catalog in this chapter.

xx Introduction

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Chapter 19: Cisco Prime Service Catalog Templates and Provisioning Chapter 19 contin-ues exploring the Prime Service Catalog for provisioning, template formations, verification, end-user ordering using the catalog, deploying VMs, and applications with the catalog.

Chapter 20: Cisco Prime Service Catalog Components This chapter covers the storefront ordering, Stack Designer, and heat orchestration of the Cisco Prime Service Catalog. We also provide more detail into the UCS Director by introducing management, monitor-ing, and orchestration, the Bare Metal Agent, and the portal. Finally, UCS Performance Manager and Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud are discussed.

Chapter 21: Cloud Monitoring and Remediation The final chapter for the CLDADM 210-455 exam covers fault and performance provisioning and monitoring, dashboards, triggers, and logging. We will finish the chapter with coverage of backing up the monitor-ing applications.

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions This appendix contains the answers to the book’s review questions.

Appendix B: Answers to Written Lab This appendix contains the answers to the book’s written labs.

Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test BankWe’ve put together some great online tools to help you pass the two CCNA cloud exams. The free interactive online learning environment that accompanies this CCNA Cloud exam certification guide provides a test bank and study tools to help you prepare for the exam. By using these tools, you can dramatically increase your chances of passing the exam on your first try.

The online section includes the following:

Sample Tests Many sample tests are provided throughout this book and online, including the assessment test (which you’ll find at the end of this Introduction) and the review ques-tions at the end of each chapter. In addition, there is an exclusive online practice exam for each of the two CCNA Cloud exams that are included at no charge. Use these questions to test your knowledge of the study guide material. The online test bank runs on multiple devices.

Flashcards The online text banks include 100 flashcards for each exam that are designed and specifically written to hit you hard, so don’t get discouraged if you don’t ace your way through them at first! They’re there to ensure that you’re ready for the exam. And no worries—armed with the review questions, practice exams, and flashcards, you’ll be more than prepared when exam day comes. The questions are provided in digital flashcard for-mat (a question followed by a single correct answer). You can use the flashcards to reinforce your learning and provide last-minute test prep before the exam.

Introduction xxi

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Other Study Tools A glossary of key terms from this book and their defi nitions is avail-able as a fully searchable PDF.

Go to www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep to register and gain access to this interactive online learning environment and test bank with study tools.

How to Use This Book If you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the two Cisco CCNA Cloud exams, then look no further. We’ve spent hundreds of hours putting together this book with the sole intention of helping you to pass the exam as well as learn about the exciting fi eld of cloud computing!

This book is loaded with valuable information, and you will get the most out of your study time if you understand why the book is organized the way it is.

So, to maximize your benefi t from this book, we recommend the following study method:

1. Take the assessment test that’s provided at the end of this Introduction. (The answers are at the end of the test.) It’s okay if you don’t know any of the answers; that’s why you bought this book! Carefully read over the explanations for any question you get wrong and note the chapters in which the material relevant to them is covered. This information should help you plan your study strategy.

2. Study each chapter carefully, making sure you fully understand the information and the test objectives listed at the beginning of each one. Pay extra-close attention to any chapters that include material covered in questions you missed.

3. Answer all the review questions related to each chapter. Many of the questions are presented in a scenario format to emulate real-world tasks that you may encounter. (The answers appear in Appendix A.) Note the questions that confuse you, and study the topics they cover again until the concepts are crystal clear. And again—do not just skim these questions! Make sure you fully comprehend the reason for each cor-rect answer. Remember that these will not be the exact questions you will find on the exam, but they’re written to help you understand the chapter material and ultimately pass the exam.

4. Each chapter also concludes with a fill-in-the-blank type of written exam that is designed to improve your memory and comprehension of key items that were presented in the chapter. These are great for test preparation; we suggest going over these ques-tions until you are able to consistently answer them error free. (The answers appear in Appendix B.)

5. Try your hand at the practice questions that are exclusive to this book. The questions can be found at www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep .

Remember, this book covers both the CLDFND 210-451 and CLDADM 210-455 exams. We suggest you study and take the 210-451 exam fi rst and then move on to the 210-455 exam because the second exam builds on the material in the fi rst exam.

xxii Introduction

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To learn every bit of the material covered in this book, you’ll have to apply yourself regularly and with discipline. Try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so. We’re confident that if you work hard, you’ll be surprised at how quickly you learn this material.

If you follow these steps and study in addition to using the written and review questions, the practice exams, and the electronic flashcards, it would actually be hard to fail the two Cisco exams. But understand that studying for the Cisco CCNA Cloud exams is a lot like getting in shape—if you do not go to the gym every day, it’s not going to happen!

According to the Cisco certification website, the CCNA Cloud exam details are as follows:

CLDFND 210-451 Understanding Cisco Cloud Fundamentals

■ Exam description: CLDFN covers basic cloud computing terms, deployment models, and Cisco cloud infrastructure, Intercloud, the Unified Computing System that includes server, storage, networking, and unified fabric and cloud management applications.

■ Number of questions: 55–65

■ Type of questions: Multiple choice

■ Length of test: 90 minutes

■ Language: English

■ Testing center: Pearson VUE

CLDADM 210-455 Understanding Cisco Cloud Administration

■ Exam description: CLDADM covers administration of the Cisco Cloud suite of prod-ucts including provisioning systems, catalogs, management, monitoring, reporting, charge-back, and problem remediation.

■ Number of questions: 55–65

■ Type of questions: Multiple choice

■ Length of test: 90 minutes

■ Language: English

■ Testing center: Pearson VUE

Suggested ExperienceWe suggest that you have at least 24–36 months of work experience in IT networking, network storage, or data center administration. A familiarity with any major hypervisor technologies for server virtualization is useful in understanding the core virtualization concepts discussed.

Knowledge of the definitions of the cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and common cloud deployment models (private, public, hybrid) is helpful in understanding the concepts presented in this book.

Hands-on experience with at least one public cloud IaaS platform is helpful.

Introduction xxiii

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If you do not meet these suggestions, do not worry! They are only suggestions and not absolute requirements. We offer these so you know what to expect, but you can gain knowledge by becoming familiar with the objectives covered in this book.

How Do You Go About Taking the Exam?Cisco testing is provided by its global testing partner, Pearson VUE. You can locate your closest testing center at https://home.pearsonvue.com/test-taker.aspx.

This website enables you to locate your nearest testing center and schedule your exam. In the search area, enter Cisco Systems and click Available Exams on the right side of the screen. Enter the exam number (either 210-451 or 210-455). Select Schedule This Exam and log into the site. If you do not have an account with Pearson VUE, it will ask you to create one. Follow the steps to schedule and pay for the exam. You will be prompted to accept the Cisco terms and conditions as well as the confidentiality agreement before proceeding. The next step is to locate a testing center near you; enter your address to have the site list all centers in your area. After selecting the testing center you prefer, select the date and time you want to sit for the exam. Then all you need to do is to make your payment and you are ready to go!

After you have registered for the Cloud certification exams, you will receive a confir-mation e-mail that supplies you with all the information you will need to take the exam. Remember to take a printout of the confirmation e-mail and two forms of ID (one with a photograph) with you to the testing center.

Tips for Taking Your Cloud ExamsThe Cisco CCNA Cloud exams contain 55–65 multiple-choice questions and must be com-pleted in 90 minutes or less. This information may change over time, and we advise you to check www.cisco.com for the latest updates.

Many questions on the exam offer answer choices that at first glance look identical, especially the syntax questions. So, remember to read through the choices carefully because close just doesn’t cut it. If you get information in the wrong order or forget one measly character, you may get the question wrong. Many of the questions will be presented in a scenario format that can be a long involved statement that is designed to confuse or mis-direct you. Read these questions carefully and make sure you completely understand what is being asked. It is important to filter out irrelevant statements in scenario questions and focus on what they are asking you to identify as the correct answer. So, to practice, do the exams and hands-on exercises from this book’s chapters over and over again until they feel natural to you. Do the online sample tests and flashcards until you can consistently answer all the questions correctly. Relax, read the question over until you are 100 percent clear on what it is asking, and then eliminate a few of the obviously wrong answers.

xxiv Introduction

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Here are some general tips for exam success:

■ Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials.

■ Read the questions carefully. Don’t jump to conclusions. Make sure you’re clear about exactly what each question asks. “Read twice, answer once!” Scenario questions can be long and contain information that is not relevant to the answer; take your time and understand what they are really asking you.

■ Ask for a piece of paper and pencil if it is offered so you can jot down notes and make sketches during the exam.

■ When answering multiple-choice questions that you’re not sure about, use the process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing this greatly improves your odds if you need to make an educated guess.

After you complete an exam, you’ll get immediate, online notification of your pass or fail status, a printed examination score report that indicates your pass or fail status, and your exam results by section. (The test administrator will give you the printed score report.) Test scores are automatically forwarded to Cisco after the test is completed, so you don’t need to send your score to them. If you pass the certification, you’ll receive confirma-tion from Cisco and a package in the mail with a nice document suitable for framing show-ing that you are now a Cisco CCNA Cloud certified professional!

CCNA Cloud Certification RenewalsThe CCNA Cloud certification is good for three years from the date of achieving the certifi-cation. You can keep your certification up-to-date by taking other CCNA or CCNP exams before the certification expires. See the Cisco website for the latest recertification policies.

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CLDFND 210-451 Exam Objectives xxv

CLDFND 210-451 Exam ObjectivesThe following topics are Cisco’s general guidelines for the content likely to be included on the exam. Since this is a general guideline, you may find that other topics will appear on the exams that are not included in the listed objectives. Cisco reserves the right to change the exam at any time.

The following lists the technical areas covered in the certification and the extent to which they are represented:

Domain Percentage of examination

1.0 Cloud Characteristics and Models 14%

2.0 Cloud Deployment 16%

3.0 Basic Knowledge of Cloud Compute 24%

4.0 Basic Knowledge of Cloud Networking 22%

5.0 Basic Knowledge of Cloud Storage 24%

Total 100%

1.0 210-451 Cloud Characteristics and Models 

Exam Objective Chapter

1.1 Describe common cloud characteristics 1

1.1.a On-demand self service 1

1.1.b Elasticity 1

1.1.c Resource pooling 1

1.1.d Metered service 1

1.1.e Ubiquitous network access (smartphone, tablet, mobility) 1

1.1.f Multi-tenancy 1

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xxvi CLDFND 210-451 Exam Objectives

Exam Objective Chapter

1.2 Describe Cloud Service Models 2

1.2.a Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 2

1.2.b Software as a Service (SaaS) 2

1.2.c Platform as a Service (PaaS) 2

2.0 210-451 Cloud Deployment 

Exam Objective Chapter

2.1 Describe cloud deployment models 3

2.1.a Public 3

2.1.b Private 3

2.1.c Community 3

2.1.d Hybrid 3

2.2 Describe the Components of the Cisco Intercloud Solution 4

2.2.a Describe the benefits of Cisco Intercloud 4

2.2.b Describe Cisco Intercloud Fabric Services 4

3.0 210-451 Basic Knowledge of Cloud Compute 

Exam Objective Chapter

3.1 Identify key features of Cisco UCS 5

3.1.a Cisco UCS Manager 5

3.1.b Cisco UCS Central 5

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CLDFND 210-451 Exam Objectives xxvii

Exam Objective Chapter

3.1.c B-Series 5

3.1.d C-Series 5

3.1.e Server identity (profiles, templates, pools) 5

3.2 Describe Server Virtualization 7

3.2.a Basic knowledge of different OS and hypervisors 7

4.0 210-451 Basic Knowledge of Cloud Networking 

Exam Objective Chapter

4.1 Describe network architectures for the data center 6

4.1.a Cisco Unified Fabric 6

4.1.a.1 Describe the Cisco Nexus product family 6

4.1.a.2 Describe device virtualization 6

4.1.b SDN 6

4.1.b.1 Separation of control and data 6

4.1.b.2 Programmability 6

4.1.b.3 Basic understanding Open Daylight 6

4.1.c ACI 6

4.1.c.1 Describe how ACI solves the problem not addressed by SDN 6

4.1.c.2 Describe benefits of leaf/spine architecture 6

4.1.c.3 Describe the role of APIC Controller 6

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xxviii CLDFND 210-451 Exam Objectives

Exam Objective Chapter

4.2 Describe Infrastructure Virtualization 8

4.2.a Difference between vSwitch and DVS 8

4.2.b Cisco Nexus 1000V components 8

4.2.b.1 VSM 8

4.2.b.2 VEM 8

4.2.b.3 VSM appliance 8

4.2.c Difference between VLAN and VXLAN 8

4.2.d Virtual networking services 8

4.2.e Define Virtual Application Containers 8

4.2.e.1 Three-tier application container 8

4.2.e.2 Custom container 8

5.0 210-451 Basic Knowledge of Cloud Storage 

Exam Objective Chapter

5.1 Describe storage provisioning concepts 9

5.1.a Thick 9

5.1.b Thin 9

5.1.c RAID 9

5.1.d Disk pools 9

5.2 Describe the difference between all the storage access technologies 10

5.2.a Difference between SAN and NAS; block and file 10

5.2.b Block technologies 10

5.2.c File technologies 10