CCHAPTER 3CHAPTERCHHAPTERHAPTER 3 Self-EsteemSelf …images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...50 CHAPTER 3 Self-Esteem and Mental Health L eyla started taking ballet 3

CHAPTERCHAPTER 3CHAPTERHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

Self-EsteemSelf-Esteem and Mental and Mental

HealthHealth

Self-EsteemSelf-Esteem and Mental and Mental

HealthHealth

Self-Esteemand Mental

Health

48

B E H AV I O R

Indicate how frequently you engage in each of thefollowing behaviors (1 = never; 2 = occasionally;3 = most of the time; 4 = all of the time). Total yourpoints, and then turn to p. 642.

1. I praise myself when I do a good job.

2. I do what I know is right, even if others usepressure to try to stop me from doing theright thing.

3. I am confident enough to try new things, evenif I might fail at them.

4. I ask people for help if I need it.

5. I like to volunteer to help others when I can.

6. I concentrate on my strengths and work toimprove my weaknesses.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

49

SECTION 1

Building YourSelf-Esteem

SECTION 2

Using GoodCommunicationSkills

SECTION 3

Mental and Emotional Health

SECTION 4

UnderstandingMental Disorders

go.hrw.com

www.scilinks.org/health

www.cnnstudentnews.com

Visit these Web sites for the latest health information:

Check out

articles related to this chapter by visiting go.hrw.com. Just type in

the keyword HH4 CH03.


50 CHAPTER 3 Self-Esteem and Mental Health

L eyla started taking ballet 3 months ago. She doesn’t dance aswell as the rest of the class. The other dancers have been prac-ticing ballet much longer than Leyla has. However, Leyla loves

every minute of rehearsal. She can’t wait to perform on stage.

What Is Self-Esteem?is a measure of how much you value, respect, and feel

confident about yourself. How you feel about yourself affects every-thing you do. It affects how you communicate with people and whatdecisions you make about your health. For example, if you feel goodabout yourself, you can more easily talk with people and share yourfeelings. However, if you don’t feel good about yourself, you mightnot have the confidence to use your refusal skills or to avoid disre-spectful people.

Benefits of High Self-Esteem Below is a list of the benefits peo-ple who have high self-esteem experience.

> Increased respect People with high self-esteem respect them-selves by taking care of themselves. They will not do anythingto harm themselves, such as smoking or abusing drugs andalcohol. They don’t criticize or put themselves down. Further-more, they exercise, eat right, and get plenty of rest.

People with high self-esteem respect their values and beliefs.They are less likely to let others pressure them to take part inrisky behavior. Nor will they pressure others to take part inharmful behavior.

> Increased ability to reach goals If you have confidence in your-self, you are more likely to set realistic goals and stick with thegoals you set for yourself until you reach those goals. Thelonger you stick with a goal and the harder you try, the betterthe chance you have at reaching it. Because people with highself-esteem are more likely to reach their goals, they are morelikely to challenge themselves to set higher goals and accom-plish more.

Self-esteem

Building Your Self-Esteem

SECTION 1SECTION 1SECTION 1

SECTION 2SECTION 2

SECTION 3SECTION 3

SECTION 4SECTION 4

SECTION 5SECTION 5

OBJECTIVESDefine self-esteem.

List the benefits of high self-esteem.

Identify factors that influence the development of self-esteem.

Describe ways you can improve your self-esteem. LIFE LIFE SKILL

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

self-esteem a measure of how much you value,respect, and feel confident about yourselfself-concept a measure of how you view yourselfintegrity the characteristic of doing what youknow is right

One characteristic of high self-esteemis not being afraid to try new things.


SECTION 1 Building Your Self-Esteem 51

> Increased willingness to try People with high self-esteem have thewill to try new things and don’t get discouraged easily. For exam-ple, Leyla had the courage to try something new—ballet dancing.More important, when she found out she wasn’t as good as theothers, she didn’t give up. Instead, she kept trying her best. Shedid it for herself, not for competition.

> Increased feelings of value People with high self-esteem feellike they are a valuable part of their family, school, and com-munity. They are more likely to ask for help when they need it.They are also more likely to volunteer in their communitiesbecause they know they have the power to help others.

Risks of Low Self-Esteem People with low self-esteem sharemany characteristics as listed in Figure 1. For example, people withlow self-esteem are more vulnerable to peer pressure. As a result, theyare more likely to make unhealthy decisions, such as smoking.

People with low self-esteem may not be respectful to themselvesor others. Those who do not feel good about themselves will oftenput themselves down. They are also more critical of others.

Low self-esteem is also harmful to one’s mental health. Peoplewith low self-esteem are at risk for depression and suicide. Low self-esteem is also linked to eating disorders, running away, and violence.

People with low self-esteem do not have to experience the risks oflow self-esteem. Everyone has the power to choose healthy behaviorsthat show respect for others and themselves.

You can’t tell if someone has high self-esteem or low self-esteem just bylooking at him or her.

1Figure

High Self-Esteem

> Speaks up for self

> Respects self andothers

> Has confidence

> Tries new things

> Feels valuable tosociety

> Adjusts to change

> Feels optimistic

> Makes decisionsbased on values

Low Self-Esteem

> Feels insecure

> Disrespects self andothers

> Vulnerable to peerpressure

> Doesn’t feel valuable

> Feels depressed

> Fears failure

> Uses drugs and alcohol

> Feels pessimistic

> Behaves destructively



The Development of Self-EsteemSelf-esteem begins to develop the day you are born. Across yourentire life, your level of self-esteem can vary. At one time, it may behigh, and at a different time or in a different situation, it may be low.

Self-Concept A measure of how one views oneself is For example, if you think of yourself as a valuable and likeable per-son, you have a positive self-concept. If you have a positive self-con-cept, you have high self-esteem. However, if you don’t think ofyourself as very likeable or valuable, you probably have a negativeself-concept and therefore, have low self-esteem.

Interpreting Messages From Others How you interpret mes-sages about yourself has a lot to do with how you view yourself.These messages come from family, friends, teachers, neighbors, andeven strangers. The messages can be positive, such as “You are fun tobe around.” Messages can also be negative, such as “You always com-plain about everything.” These messages shape what you think aboutyourself. How you think about yourself shapes your self-esteem.

Some negative messages can serve as good advice. Good adviceon how to improve yourself is called constructive criticism. For exam-ple, if you have not been getting along well with your parents, yourbrother might recommend that you try being more cooperative withyour parents.

Other negative messages can be hurtful. But your self-esteemdoesn’t have to suffer. Remember that self-esteem is how you feel about yourself, not how others feel about you or what others sayabout you. Only you have the power to control your self-esteem.

self-concept.

Ten Tips forBuilding Self-Esteem

> Volunteer at a soup kitchen orother community service.

> Make a list of your strengths.

> Speak positively about yourselfand others.

> Take care of your physical health.

> Reward yourself when you do well.

> Try something new.

> Choose friends who support youand your positive choices.

> Set a goal to improve a weakness.

> Cheer yourself through hardtimes.

> Have fun.


www.scilinks.org/healthTopic: Building a HealthySelf-EsteemHealthLinks code: HH4024

SECTION 1 Building Your Self-Esteem 53

Improving Your Self-EsteemEveryone can work at improving his or her self-esteem. You canimprove your self-esteem by using positive self-talk, acting withintegrity, choosing supportive friends, and accepting yourself.

Use Positive Self-Talk You learned that the messages you receivefrom others influence your self-esteem. The same is true for the mes-sages you send to yourself. The things you say to yourself stronglyinfluence your self-esteem.

We are constantly talking to ourselves, whether we realize it ornot. You may say or think things like, “My painting really looks neat!”or “I’m too stupid for this class.” The things you say about yourself canmake you feel good, or they can make you feel not so good.

To practice treating yourself well, you can use a technique calledself-talk. Self-talk is a way of coaching yourself about your own self-worth. Go ahead and talk to yourself. Tell yourself you can do whatyou set out to do when you set realistic goals and ask for help. Tellyourself that you are a valuable person.

real lifeActivity

LIFE LIFE SKILLPracticing WellnessS E L L Y O U R S E L F

✔ poster board

✔ magazines

✔ markers

✔ scissors

✔ paste

1. Think about why you are awonderful person.

2. List five reasons why you arewonderful on your posterboard.

3. Think of different techniquesadvertisers use to sell theirproducts. Use these techniques

Procedure

Materials

in your own advertisement toexpress why you are fabulous.

4. Cut out magazine clippings tohelp express the five reasonsyou are great.

1. Summarizing Results Whatare the five reasons you aregreat?

2. Evaluating InformationWhat technique or style did you use to make yourself stand out?

3. Analyzing MethodsDescribe why this activity may have been hard for you or easy for you.

Conclusions

4. CRITICAL THINKING List atleast five additional reasonsthat you are special.



Act with Integrity The characteristic of doing what one knows isright is For example, your integrity prompts you to be honestand return the extra $10 the cashier mistakenly gave you, even if yourfriends want you to spend it on a movie with them.

When you have integrity, you respect others, yourself, and yourvalues. You don’t let people pressure you to go against what is rightand important to you. People who have low self-esteem may beunsure of themselves and can be swayed to do something they don’tfeel right about. On the other hand, people who have high self-esteem recognize when they need to stand up for their beliefs to con-tinue to respect themselves.

Choose Supportive Friends It is easier for you to treat yourselfwell if the people you know also speak well of you. Avoid critical ordisrespectful people. Maintain friendships with people who acknowl-edge your strengths and support you in your goals and values.

Accept Yourself People who have high self-esteem do not thinkthey are perfect. They know they are not perfect. People who havehigh self-esteem accept who they are. They see all their imperfectionsand still think of themselves as valuable.

People who accept themselves celebrate their strengths and concentrate on what they do well. They also strive to improve weak-nesses by setting short-term goals. However, if they can’t change aweakness, they let it go. For example, if you’re not as tall as youwould like to be, wishing and hoping won’t make you taller. How-ever, dwelling on your height may lower your self-esteem.

Once you accept yourself, you’ll find that others will accept you,too. If you project a confident attitude, others will sense—and respectyou for—your confidence. You will then feel better about yourself!

integrity.

Until you accept whoyou are, you will

never be happy withwhat you have.

REV I EW Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.


SECTION 2SECTION 2

SECTION 3SECTION 3

SECTION 4SECTION 4

SECTION 5SECTION 5

Using Key Terms1. Define the term self-esteem.

2. Identify the term for “the characteristic of doingwhat one knows is right.”

Understanding Key Ideas3. State the positive benefits of high self-esteem.

4. Identify which of the following is not a characteris-tic of high self-esteem.a. feels valuable c. confidenceb. pessimistic d. self-respect

5. Summarize the effects of low self-esteem.

6. Identify factors that influence the development ofself-esteem.

7. Identify which of the following is not a way toimprove your self-esteem.a. using positive self-talkc. acting with integrityb. accepting yourself d. denying your faults

Critical Thinking8. Describe how respecting yourself and respecting

your values can improve your self-esteem.

9. Practicing Wellness Describe threeways you can improve your self-esteem.LIFE LIFE SKILL


SECTION 2 Using Good Communication Skills 55

Using Good Communication Skills

SECTION 1SECTION 1


SECTION 3SECTION 3

SECTION 4SECTION 4

SECTION 5SECTION 5

R ina was planning to have some friends over for her birthday.But her friends have been acting strange. They whisper whenthey think she isn’t looking. They pretend not to see her when

she walks down the hall. No one will even return her phone calls.

Good Communication Is ImportantCommunication is a process through which two or more peopleexchange information. One person sends the message, and one ormore people receive it. However, if the message is not properly sentor is unclear, misunderstandings can arise.

Preventing Misunderstandings Rina’s situation shows howeasy it is to miscommunicate. Rina was receiving messages that madeher feel unwanted. What she found out later was almost the opposite.Rina’s friends were being secretive because they were planning a sur-prise for her birthday. Fortunately, her situation had a positive out-come; she was pleasantly surprised. However, miscommunicationcan have some negative effects such as arguments and hurt feelings.

Building Healthy Relationships Communication is importantfor building caring and satisfying relationships with your family,friends, co-workers, and society. How you communicate with othersaffects how people relate to you. For example, if you are mean orinsult others, they probably won’t want to be around you. However,if you let people know how important they are to you, they will bemore likely to treat you the way you want to be treated.

Expressing Yourself Good communication skills are also impor-tant for letting others know what you need and want. These skillsalso help you to express how you feel. Just think how difficult lifewould be if you couldn’t tell someone that you needed help.

OBJECTIVESSummarize why good communication is important.

Differentiate between passive, assertive, and aggressivecommunication styles.

Name five characteristics of good listening skills.

List three examples of body language.

List five ways to improve your speaking skills. LIFE LIFE SKILL

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

passive not offering opposition when challengedor pressuredaggressive hostile and unfriendly in the way oneexpresses oneselfassertive direct and respectful in the way oneexpresses oneselfempathy the ability to understand anotherperson’s feelings, behaviors, and attitudes

Miscommunication can result in hurtfeelings.



Communication StylesThere are three communication styles: passive, aggressive, andassertive. The following descriptions compare these three commu-nication styles.

Passive A person who has a communication style that is does not offer opposition when challenged or pressured. Such a per-son tends to go along with what other people want and does notprotest or resist when challenged. For example, let’s say your brotherborrowed your shirt and tore it. If you had a passive response, youwould give your brother the silent treatment and then just throw yourshirt away.

Aggressive To be hostile and unfriendly in the way one expressesoneself is to be For example, an aggressive response in thesame situation with your brother would be to tell him, “You are sucha jerk! Let’s see how you feel when I ruin your things!” Aggressivecommunication is not effective and usually leads to a bigger conflict.

Assertive The third and most healthy communication style is theassertive style. To be is to express oneself in a direct, respectfulway. For example, you could say to your brother, “My favorite shirt isruined. I spent a lot of money on this shirt. I would like you to replaceit.” With this response, you calmly expressed to your brother how hisaction affected you. This response was also respectful to your brother,which is an important part of being assertive.

Using the assertive communication style might not be easy whensomeone has done something that really upsets you. However, prac-ticing can help you improve. Table 1 lists more examples of passive,aggressive, and assertive communication responses. See if you canthink of some examples of your own.

assertive

aggressive.

passive

Table 1 Communication Styles

Situation

Someone cuts in front ofyou in line.

Your best friend tellssomeone else one of yoursecrets.

Your boss asks you towork late for the thirdnight in a row.

Passive response

You don’t say anything.

You don’t say anything,but you vow never to tellher another secret.

You agree but feel wor-ried about finishing yourhomework tonight.

Aggressive response

“Well, you must thinkyou’re special!”

“I hate you! I’m nevergoing to trust you again!”

“You are so inconsiderate!I quit!”

Assertive response

“Excuse me, but I believeI’m next in line.”

“It hurt me to find outyou told my secret tosomeone else. Pleasedon’t repeat my secretsagain.”

“Sorry, I can’t worktonight. I have a lot ofhomework do.”

Use assertive communication ifsomeone is disrespectful to you, suchas cutting in front of you in line.


WHAT

are you doing?

What ARE you doing?

What are you

DOING?


Speaking SkillsThink about the way you communicate. Are there any areas that youwould like to improve? Have you ever been at a loss for words? Haveyou ever been frustrated because you can’t get someone to under-stand you? Everyone has felt that way before. There are many skillsyou can learn to help you communicate better.

One of the main ways we communicate is verbally. Verbal com-munication refers to the specific words and tones that we use whenwe speak. Because most of us can speak, we frequently use speech tocommunicate.

You may ask yourself, what could I possibly need to learn abouttalking, something I’ve been doing almost my whole life? It is truethat you have a lot of practice with this type of communication.However, learning effective speaking skills can be helpful when youneed to give a speech in class. Effective speaking skills also can giveyou the confidence to discuss sensitive issues with your parents, suchas sexual activity or marriage.

Voice Volume How loud or soft you are speaking is called voicevolume. If someone increases how loud he or she says something,what does that increase in voice volume generally mean? You don’teven have to know what the person is saying to know that he or shemay be mad. What does it mean if someone lowers the volume ofcommunication to a whisper? That person may be either trying to tellyou a secret or trying not to get caught talking to you in class! Beaware of the voice volume you use when speaking with others.

Tone and Pitch Tone of voice and pitch refer to the inflections oremphasis in your voice when you speak. Tone and pitch convey theattitude you are trying to express.

For example, if your older sister says, “What are you doing?” thetone and pitch of her voice tell you that she is asking you a question.But if she says, “WHAT are you doing!” you know she is angry. If shesays, “What ARE you doing?” she sounds arrogant. She could also say,“What are you DOING?” and sound very upset. See if you can say,“What are you doing?” and sound questioning, angry, arrogant, andupset. Can you think of any other tones and pitches that you coulduse with the same phrase?

“I” Messages and “You” Messages A good technique forcommunicating assertively is to use “I” messages. An “I” message is away of talking that explains how you feel while remaining firm, calm,and polite. Sometimes, when people are mad or upset, they saythings that seem like they are blaming another person. This type ofstatement is called a “you” message. “You” messages sound like thefollowing: “You did this” or “You are so selfish.” It is very easy to getin a fight when “you” messages are being sent. An “I” message, on theother hand, is a tool that allows you to express your feelings withoutblaming another person.

HH04PEC03_S02 6/2/04 7:49 PM Page 57

When using “I” messages, say how you feel and why you feel thatway. For example, suppose you put your bag on the front seat of thebus to save it while you run to get something. When you come back,someone has moved your bag and taken your seat. To use an “I” mes-sage, you could say, “I’m upset that you moved my bag and took myseat. I want to sit there because my stop is the first stop.”

Let’s say your sister is playing music so loud that you can’t studyfor your history test. You could use “I” messages to tell her, “I can’tstudy for my test because the music is so loud. Please turn it down.”

Empathy The ability to understand another person’s feelings,behaviors, and attitudes is called Showing empathy can bean effective way to communicate. For example, let’s say you ask yourneighbor if you can borrow his bike. He tells you he needs it for his jobdelivering newspapers. If you respond by telling him he can delivernewspapers later, that would not show empathy. Your neighbor wouldprobably respond, “Go take a hike.” However, if you responded by ask-ing to borrow the bike when he’s done, he might be more likely to lendit to you.

empathy.

LIFE LIFE SKILLActivity Say What?

Communicating Effectively

Practicing “I” messages will help you communicatemore effectively. Try role-playing a situation in which“I” messages would be helpful.

Decide who will be the “parent” and who willbe the “teen.”

Decide on a situation in which you need to talkto your parent about something that upset you,such as chores or going out with friends.

First, use “you” messages to talk to the“parent.”

Now, try “I” messages to tell the “parent” howyou feel.

Switch roles with your partner, and repeatsteps 4 and 5.

Communicating Effectively

1. When you were the “parent,” describe how youfelt when the “teen” was using “you” messages.

2. Now, describe how you felt when the “teen”used “I” messages. Which form of communica-tion do you think would be most effective?Explain your answer.

LIFE LIFE SKILL

5

4

3

2

1



Listening SkillsHave you ever spent a lot of energy explaining how youfelt to someone but found out that the person wasn’tpaying attention? How did the situation make you feel?What did it do to your self-esteem?

Communication includes not only sending mes-sages but also receiving messages, or listening. It makespeople feel good when they know you are listening andthat you really care about what they are saying. Twoimportant ways to show you are listening are to useactive listening and to paraphrase. Figure 2 lists moresuggestions for being a good listener.

Active Listening Active listening means letting thespeaker know you are listening and clarifying anythingthat is confusing. You can do so by asking the speakerquestions and by using expressions such as

> “I guess you must have felt . . . ”> “Tell me about . . . ”> “Hmmm.”> “Really?” > “Uh-huh.”

To practice active listening, give the speaker your full attention. Giv-ing your full attention means you should not think about what youare going to say next. Try to identify the main concepts and ideasthat are being communicated. Provide feedback to the speaker, butwait until the speaker is finished before you start talking.

Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is using your own words to restatewhat someone else said. You may have heard teachers use this termwhen telling you how to write a research paper. When writing apaper, you paraphrase other authors to show the teacher that youunderstood what you read. In a conversation, you paraphrase toshow the other person that you understand what he or she is saying.

Here is an example of paraphrasing. Your friend spends 10 min-utes telling you how unhappy he is because his parents are divorced,and you say, “The divorce really is making you unhappy, isn’t it?”Paraphrasing allows you to show the person that you care about whathe or she is saying. Paraphrasing may seem like restating the obvious,but you would be amazed how sometimes you hear something dif-ferently from what the speaker means. Paraphrasing helps you toaccurately understand the speaker.

Paraphrasing can also be used if you don’t understand whatsomeone is saying. For example, imagine your health teacher is talk-ing about the fat content in food. If you were paraphrasing, youmight say, “So, what you are saying is that white-meat chicken hasless fat than dark-meat chicken does?” Then, the teacher could eitheragree or try to explain the topic in a different way.

Do Maintain eye contact.

Lean forward and facethe speaker.

Ask questions.

Nod your head.

Paraphrase thespeaker.

Don’tDon’t interrupt orchange the subject.

Don’t look at yourwatch.

Don’t tap your foot.

Don’t think aboutsomething else.

Don’t watch TV.

Maintaining eye contact is a good wayto show that you are listening. Here aresome more tips to show that you arelistening.

2Figure



Body LanguageEarlier, you learned that one way to communicate is to speak. How-ever, you can communicate without saying a word. You reveal a lotabout how you feel through facial expressions, gestures, and posture.This nonverbal communication is called body language. Below aresome examples of body language. See if you can guess what each onemay be communicating.

> opening your eyes wide> scratching your head> opening your mouth wide> snarling> scrunching your eyebrows in a V shape> standing up straight and tall> winkingCan you think of any other examples of body language? Try some

body language of your own. Act excited. Go on—do it. What did youdo? You probably smiled, looked alert, and clapped your hands.Now, act bored. You probably slumped your shoulders and droopedyour face. If someone was watching you, he or she would have beenable to tell how you were feeling even though you didn’t say a word.What do you think the people in Figure 3 are feeling?

Misunderstandings often occur when our body language says onething but our mouths say another. Think back to the example of Rinaand her friends. What made her suspicious of her friends? What typeof body language was she receiving from them? Usually, when bodylanguage is giving a message that is different from what you are say-ing, people tend to believe the body language message. Therefore,paying attention to the messages you are sending nonverbally isimportant. Also, you can learn a lot about what others are feeling bywatching their body language.

Body language can tell a lot about howa person is feeling.ACTIVITY What are the first threepeople in line feeling? How can you tell?

3Figure

REV I EW Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

SECTION 1SECTION 1


SECTION 3SECTION 3

SECTION 4SECTION 4

SECTION 5SECTION 5

Using Key Terms1. Identify the term for “direct and respectful in the

way one expresses oneself.”

2. Define the term empathy.

Understanding Key Ideas3. Describe why good communication is important.

4. Identify the communication style that is most likelyto lead to conflict.

5. List five characteristics of good listening skills.

6. Identify which of the following behaviors is not anexample of a good listening skill.a. watching TV c. paraphrasingb. facing the speaker d. leaning forward

7. Identify which of the following behaviors is not anexample of body language.a. winking c. snarlingb. raising your voice d. clapping hands

Critical Thinking8. Communicating Effectively List five

ways you can improve your speaking skills.LIFE LIFE SKILL


SECTION 3 Mental and Emotional Health 61

Mental and Emotional Health

SECTION 1SECTION 1

SECTION 2SECTION 2


SECTION 4SECTION 4

SECTION 5SECTION 5

L ast night, John’s girlfriend broke up with him. He layed in bedfeeling sad for hours before he fell asleep. The next morning,he still felt sad. He wanted to try to make himself feel better,

so he decided to talk to a friend about his sadness.

Mental Healthis the state of mental well-being in which one can cope

with the demands of daily life. Good mental health means havinghigh self-esteem and being able to develop healthy, intimate relation-ships. Having high self-esteem, handling daily frustrations, and build-ing relationships depend on your ability to express and manage youremotions in positive ways. Therefore, to be mentally healthy, you alsomust be emotionally healthy.

People who are mentally and emotionally healthy have the fol-lowing characteristics:

> A sense of control Mentally healthy people have a sense ofcontrol and take charge of their lives. Because they feel in con-trol, they also take responsibility for their behavior. They areless likely to blame others for situations they may face.

> Ability to endure failures and frustrations Mentally healthypeople are more likely to persist through setbacks because theyunderstand that frustrations are part of learning.

> Ability to see events positively Mentally healthy people areoptimistic and see the challenges of life as opportunities.

> Ability to express emotions in a healthy way Mentally healthypeople do not hold in emotions or deny how they feel. Theyexpress their emotions in healthy ways and talk with friendswhen they need support.

For example, when John was feeling sad he decided to talk with afriend. He did not deny his emotions or express them destructively.John has characteristics of someone who has good mental health.

Mental health

OBJECTIVESDescribe characteristics of positive mental health.

Compare the stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Describe how you can learn to express emotions in positive ways.

Identify the limitations of defense mechanisms.

Describe three positive strategies for managing your emotions. LIFE LIFE SKILL

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

mental health the state of mental well-being inwhich one can cope with the demands of dailylifeself-actualization the achievement of the bestthat a person can beemotion the feeling that is produced in responseto life experiencesdefense mechanism an unconscious behaviorused to avoid experiencing unpleasant emotions

Crying is a sign ofweakness.

Myth

Holding your emotionsin can be destructive

to your health.

Fact



Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Having good mental health has benefits. For example, mentally andemotionally healthy people are more likely to reach self-actualiza-tion. is the achievement of the best that a personcan be. People who have achieved self-actualization have reachedtheir potential and feel that they have received the most out of life.

Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, a person who studies emotionsand behaviors, believed that everyone has a basic drive to reach self-actualization. Maslow stated that to reach self-actualization, a personhas to first achieve some very basic needs. He listed these needs and called the list the hierarchy of needs, which is shown in Figure 4.

According to Maslow, the first needs a person must meet are thebasic physical needs of the body, such as the need for food, water,sleep, and exercise. Once these needs are met, the next need is safety.This need includes the needs for shelter and protection from danger.After the need for safety is achieved, the person is free to strive for social needs, such as love, acceptance, and friendship. Oncesocial needs are met, the person can focus on achieving esteem.Esteem is met through self-respect and the achievement of goals.Finally, after all of the other needs are met, the person could reachself-actualization.

Self-actualization

Everyone has basic needs he or shestrives to meet in order to get the mostout of life.

4Figure

Social stagethe need for love, affection,and acceptance

Safety stagethe need for shelter andprotection from danger

Physical stagethe need for food, water,sleep, and exercise

Esteem stagethe need to have self-respect andto achieve goals

Self-actualizationthe achievement of thebest that a person can be



Most people work on more than one stage at a time. Even peoplewho have reached self-actualization may have to struggle with hard-ships that threaten their basic needs throughout their lives. Basicneeds such as love and safety may not be met all of the time. However,you can still strive for the higher stages. Some ways you can worktoward self-actualization in your teen years are by building healthyrelationships, setting goals, and working toward achieving those goals.

Expressing EmotionsAn is the feeling that is produced in response to life experi-ences. Emotions aren’t categorized as good or bad. However, theexpression of emotions can have positive or negative effects. Forexample, pretend you can’t study for your test because your family ismaking a lot of noise. Feeling frustrated is normal. But if you runaround the house tearing at your hair and screaming, you probablywon’t get a positive response from your family.

Whether the emotion is anger, sadness, or joy, expressing it in apositive way is important. Denying an emotion will not make it goaway. Instead, the emotion can build up inside of you and beexpressed in a negative way. Learning to express and manage emo-tions in healthy ways are key to mental and emotional health and toself-actualization.

Learning to Express Emotions How you decide to express youremotions is based in large part on how others around you expresstheir emotions. For example, your family might deal with anger byyelling and throwing things. It is likely you would learn to deal withyour anger in the same way.

You can learn to express your emotions more constructivelyregardless of how others around you express their emotions. To relearnhow to express an emotion, practice expressing the emotion in a posi-tive way. For example, role-play with a friend a situation in which youlost your temper with someone. This time, use the speaking skills youlearned earlier to calmly tell that person what made you upset. Practic-ing will help you positively express your emotions naturally.

emotion

ZITS reprinted with special permission of King Features Syndicate, Inc.


www.scilinks.org/healthTopic: Anger ManagementHealthLinks code: HH4011


Managing EmotionsEmotions can be overwhelming, especially during your teenageyears. Understanding and recognizing the emotions you feel can bechallenging.

It is especially difficult if you are feeling more than one emotionat a time. For example, should you go up and talk to that cute, newstudent? Or should you run and hide in the bathroom? Trying to dealwith so many emotions can be frustrating. The following are sugges-tions to help you manage your emotions.1. Talk it out. One way you can make sense of what you are feeling

is by talking with someone you trust. For example, John madeplans to talk with his friend after his girlfriend broke up withhim. Just talking about a problem can help you manage youremotions.

2. Blow off steam. When emotions become bottled up inside ofyou, releasing that energy in some positive way often helps. Activ-ities such as exercising, building something, or playing a sport arepositive ways to let off steam.

3. Be creative. You can also release emotions in creative ways. Somepeople write or draw when they are troubled. Some people enjoysinging, playing a musical instrument, or painting. All of theseactivities help release tension.

Some emotions are more difficult to manage than other emo-tions. These emotions deserve special attention and are discussed inmore detail below.

Anger Often, anger results from frustration or helplessness. Forexample, the computer crashes and causes you to lose the report thatis due next class. You may want to grab the computer and smash it onthe floor. That response will definitely not get your report back. Infact, that response may get you into a lot of trouble. Understandingthat there was nothing you could do and letting things like this gowill release a lot of tension.

Anger can always be dealt with in an appropriate manner. A per-son may make you angry, but that person doesn’t make you hit himor her. You and only you are responsible for how you express youremotions.

The first step in keeping your anger from getting out of your con-trol is learning to recognize when you feel angry. If you can recognizequickly when you start to become angry, you can more easily controlyour anger. When you get angry, do you clench your fists? Does yourheart beat faster? When you feel the anger coming on, stop. Count to10, take a deep breath, and calm down before you react. You may wantto walk away and think about how best to deal with the situation. Youmay want to talk with someone or jog a few blocks while you think.

Once you feel in control of your anger, you may want to talk withthe person who made you upset. This can help resolve your feelings.Be sure to use the “I” messages you learned earlier.

Yelling at others when you are angrymay make you feel better but it maycause more problems later.


Fear Fear may not be a pleasant emotion, but it canbe a helpful one. For example, our sense of fear iswhat helps protect us from danger. You jump out ofthe way of a speeding car because you fear getting runover.

Speeding cars are good things to fear. However,many people fear things that are not harmful. Thefear may even get in the way of your normal life. Forexample, the fear of speaking in front of class can pre-vent you from giving a good speech.

To get over a fear, you can use self-talk. Instead ofthinking about being scared, tell yourself that youhave nothing to be afraid of. Another way to manageyour fear is through controlled exposure to the fearfulsituation. For example, if you are afraid of speaking infront of a large group of people, you can start byspeaking in front of one person. You can then workyour way up to speaking in front of a large group.

Guilt Guilt is another emotion that may not be pleasant but canserve a purpose. It alerts you that you are behaving in a way that goesagainst your values. Guilt can keep you true to yourself.

The best way to deal with guilty feelings is to do your best to rightthe wrong. If someone was hurt, apologize. If you stole somethingfrom a store, return it. Making amends lifts the weight of guilt offyour shoulders because you are taking responsibility for your behav-ior. You’ll feel much better in the long run.

Jealousy Jealousy is often caused by a fear that something youown or love will be lost. For example, if John’s ex-girlfriend starts todate another person, John may feel jealous. A twinge of jealousy nowand then is natural. However, if jealousy is not controlled, it canmake you bitter and ruin your relationships.

If your girlfriend’s or boyfriend’s flirting has been bothering you, try talking about it with your boyfriend or girlfriend. However,remember that dating someone doesn’t mean you own the person. Ifyou don’t trust your partner, you should examine your relationshipand why you feel distrustful.

Loneliness Loneliness is an emotion that makes you feel isolatedfrom others—not physically isolated, but emotionally isolated. Youcan be in a room of people, but if you don’t feel close to any of themor feel rejected, you can still feel lonely. On the other hand, you canbe by yourself and not feel lonely at all. In fact, being able to enjoytime by yourself is a sign of positive mental health.

A good way to manage loneliness is to join a group or club. Youcould also do volunteer work or start a job. Don’t wait for people toapproach you. You’ll never be able to make close friends unless yougo out and meet people.


Tips for Managing Emotions

> Sing, or play a musicalinstrument.

> Write down how you feel.

> Talk to a friend.

> Exercise, or play a sport.

> Let go of what you can’t control.

> Draw or paint a picture.



Defense MechanismsSometimes, painful emotions such as fear and guilt can be difficult tocope with. Even if you deal with a difficult emotion in a healthy way,you may still feel upset. If an emotion gets too overwhelming, you mayuse a technique called a defense mechanism. A is anunconscious thought or behavior used to avoid experiencing unpleas-ant emotions. Table 2 shows a list of these defense mechanisms andsome examples.

Because defense mechanisms are unconscious behaviors, youdon’t plan or decide to use them. However, you can observe yourselfand become aware of how you react and treat others.

defense mechanism

Table 2 Defense Mechanisms

Mechanism

Compensation

Daydreaming

Denial

Displacement

Idealization

Projection

Rationalization

Regression

Repression

Sublimation

What is it?

making up for weakness in one area byachieving in another

imagining pleasant things that take yourmind off the unpleasant reality

refusing to accept reality

shifting feelings about one person orsituation to another person or situation

copying someone you think highly ofbecause you don’t feel good about whoyou are

seeing your own faults or feelings insomeone else

making excuses for or justifyingbehavior

reacting to emotions in a childlike orimmature fashion

blocking out painful thoughts or feelings

redirecting negative impulses intopositive behavior

Example

trying to get an A in your other classesbecause you are doing poorly in math

daydreaming in detention about whatit will be like when you graduate andwhen teachers can’t tell you what to doanymore

telling everyone that you are stillgoing out with your boyfriend orgirlfriend even though he or she brokeup with you

yelling at your family when you areangry at your teacher

copying the clothing and appearance ofa famous musician

accusing your boyfriend or girlfriend offlirting with others because you flirt

not studying for a test because you need the time to practice for the schoolplay

kicking the lockers because you weresent to the principal’s office

ignoring your memories about all thetimes your divorced parents had fights

painting a mural when you are madinstead of creating graffiti



Limitations of Defense Mechanisms Some defensemechanisms, such as compensation and sublimation,can be helpful. They can even have a positive outcome.However, most of the defense mechanisms have few ifany long-term benefits. In the short-term, defense mecha-nisms may make a person feel better and allow one to getthrough a tough time. However, they do not make theupsetting emotions disappear. Instead, they tend to maskthe unwanted feelings.

Often, the longer a feeling is ignored, the moreproblematic it becomes. For example, you could use displacement to deal with the frustration of a classmatepicking on you. When you come home from school,you yell at your younger sister. If you do not realizewhat you are doing, you will never solve the problembetween you and your classmate. Displacing your frus-tration on your sister has also put a strain on your relationship with her.

Finding the Right Balance Each person needs to find the rightbalance between managing emotions and using defense mecha-nisms. All people use defense mechanisms at one time or another.These mechanisms can be a healthy way to temporarily cope withone’s feelings. But if the defense mechanisms become the only way aperson can cope, that person is not managing emotions effectively.

Your best bet is to take a close look at the way you cope with yourown feelings. Are you using the positive methods that were discussedearlier? Practice the tips for managing your emotions on some ofyour small frustrations. Once you have mastered some of the tech-niques, you may find that you don’t need to use defense mechanisms.

REV I EWAnswer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

SECTION 1SECTION 1

SECTION 2SECTION 2


SECTION 4SECTION 4

SECTION 5SECTION 5

Using Key Terms1. Define the term self-actualization.

2. Identify the term for “the feeling that is producedin response to life experiences.”

Understanding Key Ideas3. Identify which of the following characteristics is

not a characteristic of positive mental health.a. enduring failures b. seeing life events positivelyc. having a sense of controld. dening feelings

4. Compare the stages of Maslow’s hierarchy ofneeds.

5. Describe how you can learn to express emotions ina positive way.

6. Summarize the limitations of defense mechanisms.

7. Identify the defense mechanism in which a personmakes excuses for a behavior.

Critical Thinking8. Practicing Wellness Describe three

strategies you can use to manage your emotions ina positive way.

LIFE LIFE SKILL

Some defense mechanisms, such assublimation, can channel unpleasantemotions into positive behaviors.



Understanding Mental Disorders

SECTION 1SECTION 1

SECTION 2SECTION 2

SECTION 3SECTION 3


SECTION 5SECTION 5

I t is just after noon, and Lisa is still in bed. She doesn’t see anypoint in getting up. She doesn’t want to do anything. She has feltthis way for days. She doesn’t even want to be around her friends.

She feels that anything she does is useless.

What Are Mental Disorders?In the last section, you learned that mental health is being able tomeet the daily challenges of life, having high self-esteem, and de-veloping healthy relationships. Sometimes, however, people are notmentally healthy. They may suffer from a mental disorder. A

is an illness that affects a person’s thoughts, emo-tions, and behaviors. Those who suffer from a mental disorder maynot be able to have fun. They may not feel good about themselves ormay have a difficult time developing intimate relationships. Theymay have difficulty dealing with everyday routines. Many homelesspeople suffer from a mental disorder.

Lisa is an example of someone experiencing a mental disorder.She feels hopeless and doesn’t have the energy to do regular activitiesor build relationships.

Mental Disorders Are Often Misunderstood Unfortunately,many people who have a mental disorder don’t get help because theydon’t understand mental disorders. Some people are afraid of mentaldisorders or the people who have the disorders. Identifying andunderstanding different kinds of mental disorders can help preventthe fear associated with the disorder. Most of these mental disordersare treatable.

To understand mental disorders, you need to learn about theirsymptoms. A is a change that a person notices in his or herbody or mind and that is caused by a disease or disorder. For exam-ple, Lisa’s symptoms were hopelessness and low energy.

symptom

mental disorder

OBJECTIVESDescribe what mental disorders are.

List seven signs of a mental disorder.

Summarize causes of mental disorders.

Identify community resources available for mental health problems.

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS

mental disorder an illness that affects a person’sthoughts, emotions, and behaviorssymptom a change that a person notices in hisor her body or mind and that is caused by a dis-ease or disorder.depression a sadness and hopelessness thatkeeps a person from carrying out everyday activities

Anyone can be affected by a mentaldisorder.


www.scilinks.org/healthTopic: DepressionHealthLinks code: HH4040

SECTION 4 Understanding Mental Disorders 69

Types of Mental DisordersThere are many types of mental disorders, and they have a variety ofsymptoms. If you experience any of the symptoms listed below, talkto a trusted adult. However, only licensed professionals can diagnosea mental disorder.

> too much or too little sleep> feeling of extreme sadness> unexplained mood changes> drug or alcohol abuse> inability to concentrate> extreme anxiety or irrational fear> personality changes> false perceptions of realitySeveral disorders are common and require some additional

description. These disorders are depression, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, and anxiety disorders.

Depression Everyone feels sad or down at times. However, sad-ness and hopelessness that keep a person from carrying out every-day activities is called Depression, also known as majordepressive disorder, is a serious disorder that if left untreated canlead a person to consider suicide. Some of the symptoms of depres-sion are listed below.

> lack of energy > withdrawal from people > loss of appetite or overeating> too much or too little sleep> feelings of helplessness and hopelessnessExperiencing one or more of these symptoms from time to time

is not uncommon. However, if you experience several of these symp-toms for several days, you should seek professional help.

depression.

9.5%

20%54 million

statistically speaking. . .

Percentage of Americans sufferingfrom depression:

Percentage of children suffering from a mental disorder:

Number of Americans that have amental disorder:



Below are suggestions a person can follow if he or she is experi-encing depression.1. Face the problem. Don’t wait for depression to go away. Seek pro-

fessional help immediately. Also, don’t use drugs or alcohol tosolve your problems. They will only create more problems.

2. Identify the problem. What is causing the depression? Could it bethe result of a loss or loneliness? A licensed professional maydetermine that it’s caused by biological factors, such as a chemi-cal imbalance.

3. Take action. Responding actively to depression can make one feelmore in control and can help release unpleasant feelings. The fol-lowing are some examples of actions one can take.> Change negative thinking, and use positive self-talk.> Seek out support from others.> Be active. Physical activity, such as playing a sport, can make

your body produce chemicals that can make you feel better.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Attention-deficit/hyp-eractivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed disorderof childhood. However, ADHD is a lifelong condition. A person whohas ADHD is frequently inattentive or impulsively hyperactive to thepoint that he or she has problems accomplishing daily activities. Forexample, a teen who has ADHD may have problems doing schoolwork. He or she may become easily distracted, have difficulty follow-ing instructions, or have difficulty completing tasks.

The causes of ADHD are unknown. However, treatment is avail-able for those who have ADHD. Some medications have proven to behelpful by increasing one’s ability to concentrate.

Anxiety Disorders It is normal to feel nervous orworried in some situations. For example, you may feelanxiety every time you take a test. However, if the anxietygets in the way of taking part in daily activities, if it occursfrequently, or if it causes terror, then it may be an anxiety disorder.

Panic disorder is one type of anxiety disorder character-ized by extreme terror. In a panic attack, the person mayfeel extreme fear for his or her life even though they arenot really in danger.

Phobias are anxiety disorders characterized by extremefear of something that causes no real danger. For exam-ple, acrophobia is fear of being in high places.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disordertriggered by uncomfortable thoughts called obsessions andby repetitive behaviors called compulsions. Post-traumaticstress disorder is anxiety over a past traumatic event. To learn more details about these and other mental disor-ders, see Table 3.

Phobias, such as the fear of heights,may be learned behaviors that resultfrom an event that was very frightening.


SECTION 4 Understanding Mental Disorders 71

Causes of Mental DisordersMany mental health specialists believe that some mental disorders,such as phobias, develop from traumatic or stressful experiences in aperson’s life. Some examples of stressful or traumatic experiences area death, an accident, or an abusive event.

Other disorders can be inherited. For example, researchers aretrying to determine if schizophrenia is an inherited disorder. Somedisorders can be caused by an injury or a physical disorder that affectsthe brain. For example, brain tumors, alcoholism, and some infec-tions can cause mental disorders. Whatever the cause, many disordersare treatable. Some disorders can be cured. A person who has a men-tal disorder must get help to treat the disorder.

Table 3 Mental Disorders

Disorder

Major depression

Attention-deficit/hyperactiv-ity disorder (ADHD)

Panic disorder

Phobias

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Eating disorders

Hypochondria

Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia

Description

> feelings of hopeless and sadness that last for more than a few days> inability to take part in daily activities

> difficulty concentrating> difficulty completing tasks> difficulty following instructions > impulsive and hyperactive

> sudden feelings of terror that strike without warning> putting oneself in danger by desperately trying to escape the situation

> irrational fear of something that causes no real danger, such as spiders,elevators, or giving a speech

> possible panic attacks

> repeated, disturbing, and unwanted thoughts> ritual behaviors that are perceived as impossible to control such as

repeatedly washing one’s hands

> avoidance of experiences that could trigger memories of a traumaticexperience such as wartime experiences or abuse

> obsessive behavior and thoughts about weight control> starvation of oneself such as anorexia nervosa> consumption of large amounts of food followed by vomiting

> belief of illness when none is present

> uncontrollable cycles of extreme happiness and then depression

> false perceptions of reality> hallucinations and/or delusions



Help for Mental DisordersIf you think that you or a friend may have a mental disorder, the firststep is to talk to a parent, school nurse, religious leader, or othertrusted adult. He or she can then help you find the resources to treatthe disorder. Many resources in your community are available to helpthose who have a mental disorders. Hospitals, clinics, private agencies,and school linked services can provide a variety of treatments.

Psychotherapy If a disorder is caused by a traumatic experience,psychotherapy can be useful. Psychotherapy is a form of counselingreceived from a licensed therapist. Psychotherapy can help the personresolve issues from the past trauma. If the mental disorder is a pho-bia, a licensed therapist can help the patient discover the source ofthe fear.

Group Therapy Group therapy is led by a licensed therapist. Thetherapist leads a group of people who have a similar disorder. Thosein the group find it comforting to talk about their problems with oth-ers who are experiencing the same problem.

Medication Some people who have a disorder benefit from cer-tain medications. Antidepressants can help treat people who havedepression. People who have schizophrenia and ADHD also benefitfrom medication that eases symptoms and makes the disorder moremanageable.

However, prescription drugs are not the answer to all mentalhealth problems. Psychiatrists are trained to prescribe the right drugand the right amount only to those who will benefit. Frequently, apsychiatrist will recommend group therapy or psychotherapy as wellas prescribed medication.

REV I EWAnswer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

SECTION 1SECTION 1

SECTION 2SECTION 2

SECTION 3SECTION 3


SECTION 5SECTION 5Using Key Terms1. Define the term symptom.

2. Define the term depression.

Understanding Key Ideas3. Describe what is meant by the term mental disorder.

4. Identify which of the following descriptions is not asymptom of a mental disorder.a. personality change c. too much sleepb. crying when sad d. alcohol abuse

5. Describe three things you can do if youare experiencing depression.LIFE LIFE SKILL

6. List six mental disorders.

7. Describe three possible causes of mentaldisorders.

8. Identify which of the following is not a treatmentfor a mental disorder.a. denial c. group therapyb. medication d. psychotherapy

Critical Thinking9. Practicing Wellness If you think that

you are suffering from a phobia, what type of treatment should you seek?

LIFE LIFE SKILL

Talking about problems to otherpeople who are experiencing thesame problems can be comforting.


CHAPTER 3 Highlights 73

CHAPTERCHAPTER 3CHAPTERHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3Highlights

Key Terms The Big Picture

✔ People who have positive mental health have high self-esteem,meet the daily challenges, and develop healthy relationships.

✔ The five stages of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are the physicalstage, the safety stage, the social stage, the esteem stage, andself-actualization.

✔ You can learn to express your emotions in a positive way by practicing a positive example of expressing that emotion.

✔ You can manage your emotions by talking about your feelingswith others, by blowing off steam, and by expressing your emotions creatively.

✔ Defense mechanisms are often ineffective ways of dealing withunpleasant emotions.

SECTION 3

mental health (61)self-actualization (62) emotion (63) defense mechanism (66)

✔ A mental disorder is an illness of the mind that affects thinking,behavior, and mood. A mental disorder makes dealing with every-day routines difficult.

✔ Learning about the symptoms of mental disorders is important foridentifying the disorder and getting help.

✔ Many mental disorders can be caused by heredity, by injury, byphysical illness, or by traumatic experiences.

✔ Three forms of treatment for mental disorders are psychotherapy,group therapy, and medication.

SECTION 4

mental disorder (68)symptom (68)depression (69)

✔ People who have high self-esteem respect themselves and others,reach their goals, recover from disappointment, and feel valuableto family, friends, and community.

✔ Our self-esteem is influenced by the messages we receive aboutourselves.

✔ You can improve your self-esteem by using self-talk, acting withintegrity, choosing supportive friends, and accepting yourself.

SECTION 1

self-esteem (50)self-concept (52) integrity (54)

✔ Communication is important for avoiding misunderstandings,building our relationships,and expressing our feelings.

✔ Assertive communication is the most effective way to communi-cate because it is direct and respectful to others.

✔ When using good speaking skills be aware of your voice volume,tone, and pitch. Also, use “I” messages and show empathy.

✔ Some examples of good listening skills are maintaining eye con-tact, nodding your head, and paraphrasing.

✔ Misunderstandings can happen if your body language communi-cates a different message than what you say.

SECTION 2

passive(56)aggressive (56)assertive (56)empathy (58)


74 CHAPTER 3 Review

CHAPTERCHAPTER 3CHAPTERHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3Review

Using Key Termsaggressive (56) mental health (61)assertive (56) mental disorder (68)defense mechanism (66) passive (56)emotion (63) self-actualization (62)empathy (58) self-concept (52)integrity (54) self-esteem (50)depression (69) symptom (68)

1. For each definition below, choose the key termthat best matches the definition.a. the ability to understand another person’s

feelings, behaviors, and attitudesb. the achievement of the best that a person can

bec. a change that a person notices in his or her

body or mind and that is caused by a diseaseor disorder

d. the characteristic of doing what one knows isright

e. not offering opposition when challenged oracted upon

f. an illness that affects a person’s thoughts, emo-tions, and behaviors

g. a sadness and hopelessness that keeps a personfrom carrying out everyday activities

h. an unconscious behavior used to avoid experi-encing unpleasant emotions

2. Explain the relationship between the key terms ineach of the following pairs.a. aggressive and assertiveb. self-concept and self-esteemc. emotion and mental health

Understanding Key IdeasSection 1

3. Describe how you can show respect for yourself.

4. List the benefits of high self-esteem.

5. Describe how self-esteem develops.

6. Explain how accepting yourself can improve yourself-esteem.

Section 27. Which of the following is not a reason why com-

munication is important?a. builds healthy relationshipsb. leads to unclear messagesc. lets you express yourselfd. prevents misunderstandings

8. Which of the following statements is not anexample of assertive communication?a. I don’t want to talk to you ever again!b. I have to go because I’m running late.c. Don’t yell at me. d. I don’t want to see that movie.

9. Describe how to be an active listener.

10. List three examples of body language.

11. CRITICAL THINKING Describe a situation inwhich you can use “I” messages.

Section 312. Describe characteristics of positive mental and

emotional health.

13. State the stage of Maslow’s hierarchy of needsthat requires food.

14. How can you learn to express your emotions in apositive way?

15. Which defense mechanism is being used whensomeone refuses to accept reality?

16. CRITICAL THINKING Describe a positive strategyfor managing your anger.

Section 417. List three characteristics of mental disorders.

18. Which of the following symptoms is not a sign ofdepression?a. lack of energy c. high self-esteemb. loss of appetite d. too much sleep

19. Give two examples of disorders that can betreated with medication.

20. CRITICAL THINKING List two mental disordersthat could be caused by a traumatic experience.

LIFE LIFE SKILL

LIFE LIFE SKILL


Interpreting GraphicsStudy the figure below to answer the questions that follow.

21. Which response in the table is an assertiveresponse?

22. Which response in the table is an aggressiveresponse?

23. CRITICAL THINKING Fill in an assertive responsefor the first situation.

Assertive Communication

Situation

1. Your boyfriend/girl-friend tells you to stopwearing a certain shirt

2. Your mother throws outyour favorite torn jeans.

3. Your little sister bor-rows your tennis racketwithout asking.

Response

1. _________________________________________________________

2. You calmly but firmlytell your mother not tothrow out your things.

3. You yell at your sisterand then take her stuffso she can see what itfeels like.

CHAPTER 3 Review 75

Activities 24. Health and You Optimism helps a person reach

his or her goals or overcome hard times. Think ofa situation that you will face this week and thatyou have been worried about. Now, write a detailed description of how you want that situation to turn out.

25. Health and Your Community Ask each classmateto write down one nice thing about each otherstudent in the class. Have your classmates givetheir anonymous lists to you. Organize the com-ments according to student names. Hand backthe nice comments to the students so that theycan read the nice things written about them!

26. Health and You Identify a person you admire fortheir community involvement. Compare this per-son’s characteristics with characteristics you already possess or hope to acquire.

Action Plan27. Communicating Effectively Use the

communication skills you learned in this chapterto create a step-by-step action plan to improvecommunication in one of your relationships.

LIFE LIFE SKILL

28. In this passage, the word agitated means meansA worried.B angry.C jealous.D curious.

29. What can you infer from reading this passage?E Tessa knows how to manage her anger.F Rina will never have another party again.G Both Jessica and Tessa were hurt by the

argument. H none of the above

30. Write a paragraph describing how the situationwould have turned out more positively if Jessicaand Tessa used the communication skills listed inthis chapter.

READINGSKILL

WRITINGSKILL

Read the passage below, and then answer thequestions that follow.

Rina’s birthday party on Saturday night wasa big hit. Everyone had fun except Jessicaand Tessa, who had an argument. Jessicabecame agitated when Tessa brokeJessica’s necklace. Tessa was trying it onwhen it caught on her watch and the claspsnapped. Jessica called Tessa an idiot andyelled, “Don’t ever touch my things again!”Tessa was so offended that she told Jes-sica she didn’t want to be friends with heranymore. Jessica left the party early. Tessastayed, but she was very quiet and with-drawn.

WRITINGSKILL

WRITINGSKILL


Documents

CCHAPTER 3CHAPTERCHHAPTERHAPTER 3 Self-EsteemSelf …images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/AL/MobileCounty/...50 CHAPTER 3 Self-Esteem and Mental Health L eyla started taking ballet 3