1

2012 1

46 20 1

2

1 2012 1 460,279

19 6

http://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1114010&ctNode=29699&mp=1

2 518,829

http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/list.aspx 2012.1.26

http://www.immigration.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1114010&ctNode=29699&mp=1http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/list.aspx

2

3

3

2012

4

94 101

32005 11 10

42011 11 23 A8 10

4

10

5

5

2004 2012

5

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/xhttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/x

6

2011 9 13 10 22 12

100

455 376

6

6

95 11

7

8

9

( marriage immigrant )

1988

7

2003

95

11

7 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/

10

72

?

3

2 1 0

11

1 0.5 0

5 1

12

13

( citizenship )

Arendt

Benhabib, 2004:13

T. H. Marshall1949

(Citizenship and Social class)

(civil rights)(political rights)(social rights)

1918

(full-employment)

(social class)

14

200424Patrick, 2000

Heater, 2002: 3

Benhabib2004:129-49

Marshall

Joppke,2007:37-48

Hammer1989

Kofman2005: 455

(decoupling)

(recoupling)

Engin et al.2009(political subjectivity)

Joppke (2007:37-48)

15

(2006)

98 3 31

9

16

(nationalism)

(nationalism)

2003

2004

17

2004

2006

10

4 6 16

19 3 5

18

Allport

G. W. Allport1935

1983 Allport

19

Allport

1989Almond

1989H. T. Reynolds(1974)

1989

1974

1983

20

19895

Almond1974

Hess Torney

Jennings

Niemi (lifelong persistence model)(life openness

model)(life-cycle model)(generational model)

Jennings Niemi

Jennings Niemi

(life long persistence model)

21

(life openness model)

(life-cycle model)

(generational model)

(2008)

(recency argument)(primacy Argument)

22

Greenstein(1968)

Easton Dennis (1969)

Jennings Niemi (1968)

Almond Verba (1963)

23

1989

1991

1993

19971998

24

(1998)()(1999)

(sense of political trust)

1990

Mishler and Rose19972003Easton

Easton19752002

Miller1974

Miller

25

1. 2.

3. 4.

5.

(sense of political efficacy)

Campbell, Gurin & Miller1954

Almond and Verba1996

(1989)

1990

26

(political knowledge)

200794

200796

198911

2005

19971993

(1990

27

2000

Campbell (attachment)

Campbell19541999

Campbell19601999

19962001

1989

1.

2.

3.

(1991)

28

(2000)

sense of national identity

, 1993

1981

(polity)

Easton

(attachment to political community)

(in-group)(we-group)

1997(2004)

29

1993131

19937

200062 2002121-122200483200561

200234

Milbrath Goel1977

Verba Nie1980

30

199839-41

2003

Hungtington

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Hungtington

9134-36

1.

31

2.

3.

17

Milbrath Goel(1977)

1. (voting)

2. (party and campaign works)

3. (citizen initiated contacts) (contacting

officials)

32

4. (community activity)

5. (protestation)

Theiss-Morse (1992)

1. (voting and informed)

2.(conventional participation)

3.(contacting activities)

4.(unconventional participation)

Verba Nie

HungtingtonWeinerTheiss-MorseRawls

33

(civil disobedience) 87133-157

2007 9 9

2008 12 27

1.

Milbrath

Goel1977 78

84 84

2.

34

Jennings and Niemi

( 2011)

3.

78

2003

4.

(1998)

5.

35

(2010)

6.

(social cohesion)(structural equivalence)

Burt(1987)

36

Milbrath

and Goel(1965:143)

1992

11912 Francis Stuart Chapin

(Variability of Popular

Vote and Presidential Election)

1940 (Columbia School)

P.E.Lazarsfeld Bernard P.Berelson

37

(Social-psychological approach) 1950

Campbell The Voter Decide

(candidate orientation) (issue orientation)

(Michigan School) (Micro-analysis)

(Model of Funnel of

Causality)

1950-1960 1970

Nie, Verba, and Petrocik, 1976

38

Campbell et al., 1960

Anthony Downs

An Economic Theory of Democracy 1957

-

(Southwell1988)

( 2003 162)

1996

39

1950

1961

(Log-Linear Model)

( Discriminate Analysis)

19921

19974

40

1973

1 2 3 4

1980

198169

1970

200891

199822

41

1991

199419952000

2008

Delli

Carpini and Keeter ,1996

2003

42

43

A

B

C

H2

H1

H3

3.1-1

3.1-1

44

3.1-1

3.1-1 A

3.1-1 B

1. A

2. B

C

3. H1

4. H2

5. H3

1-1

45

2-1

2-2

2-3

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

46

2011

12 2

Gay1992

3012

2

100 9 13 10 22 455

376 82.64%

47

3.3-1

3.3-1

35 27

35 32

25 18

30 28

35 31

35 29

30 22

30 26

30 19

30 23

25 20

25 21

20 17

10 7

60 56

455 376

455 376 82.64

48

12

12

15-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36

1-5

1-7

1-3

1 1-3 4-6 7-10

10 1-5

1- 2- 3-

4-

1-4

1-8

1-3

1-4

TEDS

49

4 () 7

*()

()

2 1 4

1

5 (

)

?2012

(SPSS)

(Descriptive Statistics Analysis)

50

(ANOVA)

F P0.05

P0.05 (Scheffe method)

(Chi-Square)

(Logistic Regression Analysis)

51

28 7.4% 348 92.6%

4.1-1

(2004)

2011 12 46

4.1-1

28 7.4

348 92.6

376 100

52

( 4.1-2)15-25 21 5.6% 31-35

149 39.6% 36 115 30.6%26-30

91 24.2% 1970

1990 2005

4.1-2

15-25 21 5.6

26-30 91 24.2

31-35 149 39.6

36 115 30.6

376 100

169 44.9%

93 24.7% 54 14.4% 4.1-3

4.1-3

93 24.7

169 44.9

54 14.4

11 2.9

24 6.4

5 1.3

18 4.8

376 100

53

2012 2012

95

60.97% 100

46.76%

189 50.3% 133

35.4% 54 14.4%( 4.1-4)

4.1-4

189 50.3

133 35.4

54 14.4

376 100

176 46.8% 13

3.5%( 4.1-5)

72

54

4.1-5

13 3.5

44 11.7

58 15.4

85 22.6

176 46.8

376 100

75.8%

13.3% 3.2%( 4.1-6)

889,353

4.1-6

115 30.6

170 45.2

50 13.3

12 3.2

29 7.7

376 100

55

76.9%( 4.1-7)

(Ethnic groups of Taiwan)

73% 10% 13.3% 3.5%

4.1-7

4.1-7

33 7.7

289 76.9

17 4.5

9 2.4

28 7.4

376 100

179 47.6%(

4.1-8)

4.1-8

179 47.6

59 15.7 59/93

55 14.6 55/169

20 5.3 20/54

9 2.4 9/11

14 3.7 14/24

5 1.3 5/5

35 9.3 35/18

376 100 376

56

4.1-3 100%

37.0% 32.5%

81.8% 58.3% 63.4%

4.1-9

59.3%

4.1-9

223 59.3

83 22.1

27 7.2

43 11.4

376 100

20% 80%( 4.1-10)

57

4.1-10

5 1.3

70 18.6

150 39.9

151 40.2

376 100

258

68.6% 181

70.1%

1.

4-1-11

71%

58

4.1-11 (N=376)

1 250 55 71 376

2 153 70 153 376

3 185 82 109 376

4 245 63 68 376

2.

*()(

) 2 1

4

1

170 45.2% 111

29.5% 60 16% 13 3.5%

6 1.6% 16 5%

(ANOVA)

(Chi-square)

59

4.2-1

(F=9.007p.01)

(F=3.739p.01)

Scheff36 26-30 (0.72180.5771)

F=8.373p.01 Scheff

(0.70270.47730.71950.4205

0.71950.4773)

(F=4.189p.01) Scheff

(0.76250.6912)

(F=7.735p.001)

Scheff

(F=3.674p.05) Scheff

(F=2.740p.05)

(F=2.018p=.062)(F=2.321p=.062)

(F=2.674p=.156)

60

4.2-1 (N376)

(A) (B1)

F

28 .4688 .31846 9.007**

348 .6577 .32064

15-25 21 .5476 .40403 3.739*

26-30 91 .5646 .32294

30-35 149 .6644 .32430 db

36 115 .6967 .29574

93 .7419 .30663 2.018

169 .6109 .33780

54 .6296 .33555

11 .6250 .25000

24 .5729 .24704

5 .7083 .31458

18 .6111 .29670

187 .6070 .31844 2.810

133 .6908 .31667

54 .6690 .34268

12 .3854 .37484 7.262***

44 .4773 .30052

58 .6034 .28786 db

85 .6779 .32412 ea

176 .7031 .31271 eb

115 .6098 .33775 4.189**

170 .6912 .27973

50 .7625 .26153 cb

12 .5417 .29355

33 .6970 .31720 1.750

289 .6721 .30099

17 .6618 .31488

9 .4444 .30689

61

179 .7228 .29278 9.329***

59 .7458 .33894

14 .6429 .34619

20 .6438 .28756

9 .7361 .22048

14 .6429 .34619

5 .6250 .45069

35 .4375 .29092

223 .6056 .32308 3.674*

83 .7395 .28771

27 .6343 .34829

5 .6750 .44721

70 .7138 .25823 2.764*

150 .6884 .30873

138 .6017 .32196

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

4.2-2

62

4.2-3

4.2-2

(F3.784p0.053)

4.2-3

(2=3.918df=2p=.141)

4.2-2

(F0.894p0.44)

4.2-3

(2=8.853df=6p=.182)

4.2-2

F0.787p0.581

4.2-3

2=13.073df=12p=.364

4.2-2

63

F2.469p0.086

4.2-3

2=3.457df=4p=.485

4.2-2

F5.306p0.001

4.2-3

2=13.275df=8p=.103

4.2-2

F3.403p0.05 Scheff

4.2-3

2=13.348df=6p.05

33.0% 19.1% 31.2%

20.6% 56.0% 12.0%

16.7% 16.7%

4.2-2

F1.81p0.317

64

4.2-3

2=8.217df6p=.223

4.2-2

F2.917p0.01

4.2-3

2=25.033df16p=.069

4.2-2

F2.917p0.01

4.2-3

2=16.142(a)df6p.05

31.8% 19.7%

42.2% 18.1% 59.3%

18.5%

4.2-2

F=2.917 p0.01

4-2-3

2=21.362df6p.05

65

80.0% 0%

80.0 0% 37.3% 22.0%

26.1% 14.5 %

4.2-2 (N376)

(A) B1

F

28 .57 .879 3.784

348 1.02 1.194

15-25 21 .76 1.179 .894

26-30 91 .86 1.111

30-35 149 1.07 1.234

36 115 1.03 1.158

93 1.09 1.100 .787

169 1.07 1.316

54 .83 1.023

11 .67 1.155

24 .82 1.079

5 .75 .989

18 .72 .959

66

187 .91 1.147 2.469

133 .97 1.148

54 1.31 1.329

12 .75 1.055 5.306***

44 .52 .792

58 .81 1.051 db

85 1.42 1.434 dc

176 .97 1.113

115 .89 1.082 3.403*

170 .97 1.199

50 1.46 1.373 ca

12 .58 .996

33 1.18 1.236 1.181

289 .95 1.182

17 1.29 1.213

9 .56 .726

179 1.21 1.284 2.917**

59 1.15 1.229

14 .86 .949

20 .22 .441

9 .67 1.155

14 .50 .707

5 .60 .915

35 .77 1.003

223 1.40 1.140 5.684**

83 1.24 1.148

27 1.17 1.323

5 .68 .974

70 .45 .832 4.516**

150 .94 1.133

138 1.34 1.425

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

67

4.2-3 (N376)

(A) (B2a)

P

3.918 2 .141 64.3% 25.0% 10.7%

45.1% 35.3% 19.5%

15-25 8.853 6 .182 61.9% 14.3% 23.8%

26-30 53.8% 27.5% 18.7%

30-35 42.3% 37.6% 20.1%

36 42.3% 37.6% 20.1%

13.073 12 .364 37.6% 47.3% 15.1%

46.2% 32.0% 21.9%

53.7% 25.9% 20.4%

54.5% 27.3% 18.2%

50.0% 37.5% 12.5%

66.7% .0% 33.3%

55.6% 33.3% 11.1%

3.457 4 .485 48.7% 33.7% 17.6%

46.6% 32.3% 21.1%

37.0% 44.4% 18.5%

13.275 8 .103 58.3% 33.3% 8.3%

63.6% 18.2% 18.2%

50.0% 32.8% 17.2%

37.6% 45.9% 16.5%

44.3% 34.1% 21.6%

13.348 6 .038* 47.8% 33.0% 19.1%

48.2% 31.2% 20.6%

32.0% 56.0% 12.0%

66.7% 16.7% 16.7%

8.217 6 .223 45.5% 30.3% 24.2%

48.4% 34.3% 17.3%

29.4% 58.8% 11.8%

55.6% 11.1% 33.3%

25.033 16 .069 38.0% 43.6% 18.4%

38.0% 43.6% 18.4%

58.2% 21.8% 20.0%

68

70.0% 15.0% 15.0%

77.8% 11.1% 11.1%

42.9% 42.9% 14.3%

66.7% .0% 33.3%

70.0% 15.0% 15.0%

16.142 6 .013* 48.4% 31.8% 19.7%

39.8% 42.2% 18.1%

22.2% 59.3% 18.5%

21.362 6 .002** 20.0% 80.0% .0%

20.0% 80.0% .0%

40.7% 37.3% 22.0%

59.4% 26.1% 14.5%

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

4-2-2

(F=1.688p=.195)(F=1.069p=.246)

(F=.865P=.521) (F=.466p=..761)

(F=2.589p=.053)

(F3.721p.05)

Scheff(5.1203.943)

(F=10.202p.001)

Scheff(4.4581.5144.9151.514

5.4641.5144.0251.5146.0001.5145.4641.5144.7501.514)

69

(F8.527p. 001) Scheff

(5.0194.6895.019

4.126)(F2.740p.05)

Scheff

(5.1363.3514.5603.351)

(F5.203p.01)

Scheff(4.5563.783)

4.2-4 (N376)

(A) (B3)

F

28 3.607 2.6224 1.688

348 4.210 2.3395

15-25 21 3.429 2.2819 1.069

26-30 91 4.060 2.3779

30-35 149 4.356 2.2841

36 115 4.135 2.4623

93 3.833 2.5392 .865

169 4.225 2.3452

54 4.213 2.1160

11 4.091 2.2674

24 4.500 2.3820

5 6.167 .5774

18 4.583 2.3468

187 3.783 2.3788 5.203**

133 4.556 2.2366

54 4.574 2.4017

12 3.500 2.6199 .466

44 4.000 2.1941

58 4.414 2.2422

85 4.229 2.3268

176 4.162 2.4409

70

115 3.943 2.3478 3.721*

170 4.391 2.1480

50 5.120 2.2396

12 5.083 1.9752

33 5.121 1.7942 2.589

289 4.176 2.3034

17 4.853 2.4671

9 3.333 2.4238

179 4.458 2.1173 10.202***

59 4.915 2.2112

14 5.464 2.2315

20 4.025 1.8387

9 6.000 2.0310

14 5.464 2.2315

5 4.750 3.5607

35 1.514 2.1021

223 4.126 2.3143 8.527***

83 4.689 2.1266

27 5.019 2.2338

5 3.700 2.5642 12.226***

70 5.136 2.1685

150 4.560 2.0805

138 3.351 2.3849

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

71

(ANOVA) 4.3-1

F=1.828p=.142F=.977p=.378

F=.525p=.666F=.593p=.620

F=11.987p.01

F=3.518p.01

F

7.011p.001

1.64.741.73.70

F=3.871p.001

Scheff

F=3.507p.001

F=6.040p.01

72

4.3-1 (N376)

(A) C1

F

28 .39 .875 11.987**

348 1.47 1.624

15-25 21 .86 1.459 1.828

26-30 91 1.19 1.437

30-35 149 1.44 1.646

36 115 1.57 1.681

93 1.31 1.391 3.518**

169 1.73 1.798

54 1.19 1.415

11 .36 1.206

24 .67 1.239

5 .67 1.155

18 .94 1.110

187 1.43 1.558 .977

133 1.26 1.561

54 1.61 1.857

12 1.00 1.595 7.011***

44 .70 .978

58 .74 1.396

85 1.73 1.861

176 1.64 1.557

115 1.46 1.558 .525

170 1.39 1.596

50 1.54 1.897

12 .92 1.165

33 1.70 1.928 .593

288 1.38 1.527

19 1.12 1.536

9 1.44 1.878

179 1.80 1.753 3.871***

59 .98 1.320

14 1.07 1.439

73

20 .00 .000

9 .67 1.155

14 .00 .000

5 1.33 1.415

35 1.00 1.414

223 1.38 1.566 3.507*

83 1.73 1.920

27 1.44 1.281

5 1.60 1.517 6.040**

70 1.57 1.741

150 1.75 1.765

138 .98 1.217

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

4.3-2 4.3-2

2=7.361df=5P=.195

53.6%

2=19.298df=15p=.201

15-25 19.0%26-30

25.3%30-35 38.9%36 41.7%

2=32.832df=30

p=.330 49.5%

54.5% 66.7%

0% 33.3%

2=7.513df=10

74

p=.676

46.3%

2=28.101df=20

p=.107 14.1%

2=28.113df=15

p.05 60.0%

8.3% 25.0%

2=27.341df=15

p.05 41.2% 29.4%

35.6% 16.6%

( 2=80.638df=40

p.001 48.6% 16.2%

37.3% 15.3%

21.8% 18.2%

2=50.580df=20

p.001 59.3% 11.1%

2=32.375df=15

75

p.01 40.0%

40.0%

4.3-2 (N376)

(A)

P

7.361 5 .195 53.6% 32.1% 10.7% 3.6% .0% .0%

31.3% 35.6% 19.0% 7.2% 2.0% 4.9%

15-25 19.298 15 .201 42.9% 19.0% 14.3% 19.0% 4.8% .0%

26-30 38.5% 25.3% 19.8% 7.7% 2.2% 6.6%

30-35 29.5% 38.9% 20.8% 6.0% .7% 4.0%

36 31.3% 41.7% 14.8% 5.2% 2.6% 4.3%

32.832 30 .330 26.9% 49.5% 14.0% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2%

26.9% 49.5% 14.0% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2%

38.9% 33.3% 16.7% 3.7% 1.9% 5.6%

54.5% 9.1% 27.3% .0% .0% 9.1%

33.3% 37.5% 20.8% 4.2% .0% 4.2%

66.7% .0% 33.3% .0% .0% .0%

50.0% 38.9% 5.6% 5.6% .0% .0%

7.513 10 .676 35.3% 34.2% 19.3% 5.9% 1.6% 3.7%

33.1% 33.1% 19.5% 7.5% 2.3% 4.5%

22.2% 46.3% 13.0% 9.3% 1.9% 7.4%

28.101 20 .107 41.7% 25.0% 33.3% .0% .0% .0%

47.7% 15.9% 15.9% 13.6% 4.5% 2.3%

41.4% 31.0% 15.5% 6.9% .0% 5.2%

23.5% 45.9% 14.1% 8.2% 2.4% 5.9%

30.1% 37.5% 21.0% 5.1% 1.7% 4.5%

28.113 15 .021* 33.0% 32.2% 19.1% 9.6% 3.5% 2.6%

33.5% 34.1% 21.2% 4.1% 1.2% 5.9%

22.0% 60.0% 6.0% 6.0% 2.0% 4.0%

58.3% 8.3% 25.0% 8.3% .0% .0%

27.341 15 .026* 27.3% 39.4% 24.2% 9.1% .0% .0%

34.9% 35.6% 16.6% 6.2% 1.7% 4.8%

23.5% 41.2% 29.4% 5.9% .0% .0%

76

33.3% 22.2% 22.2% .0% 22.2% .0%

80.638 40 .000*** 24.0% 48.6% 16.2% 3.9% 1.7% 5.6%

27.1% 37.3% 15.3% 11.9% 3.4% 5.1%

49.1% 21.8% 18.2% 7.3% .0% 3.6%

65.0% 15.0% 15.0% .0% .0% 5.0%

33.3% .0% 55.6% 11.1% .0% .0%

21.4% 21.4% 21.4% 21.4% 14.3% .0%

66.7% .0% 33.3% .0% .0% .0%

45.7% 14.3% 25.7% 11.4% .0% 2.9%

50.580 20 .000*** 35.0% 36.3% 19.3% 4.9% .4% 4.0%

22.9% 36.1% 14.5% 10.8% 6.0% 9.6%

14.8% 59.3% 11.1% 11.1% 3.7% .0%

32.375 15 .006** .0% 40.0% 40.0% 20.0% .0% .0%

18.6% 48.6% 21.4% 8.6% 2.9% .0%

28.7% 37.3% 17.3% 6.7% 1.3% 8.7%

44.2% 26.8% 17.4% 6.5% 2.2% 2.9%

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

77

(F38.189p.001) Scheff

(F26.012p.001) Scheff

(F6.973p.001)

(F7.160p.001)

(

4.4-1)(2234.048df20p.001)

(2420.175df20p.001)

14.3%20.3% 83.5%

78

71.0%

4.4-1 (N376)

B Exp(B)

0.773 0.508 0.129

0.909 0.289 0.002** 0.176

-0.117 0.049 0.017* -0.125

0.207 0.071 0.004** 0.157

-0.178 0.162 0.273 -0.057

-0.045 0.029 0.115 -0.084

334 10

52.921*** NagelkerkeR 0.196

2.351 0.894 0.009**

-2.823 0.770 0.000*** 0.059

-0.031 0.038 0.421* 0.970

-0.070 0.158 0.656 0.932

0.035 0.147 0.811 1.036

353 4

35.728*** NagelkerkeR 0.128

2.247 0.898 0.012* 9.460

0.024 0.057 0.672 1.024

-0.265 0.155 0.087 0.767

-0.078 .042 0.063 0.925

-0.355 0.179 .047* 0.701

-0.176 0.153 0.250 0.838

353 6

12.333 NagelkerkeR 0.052

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

79

30

5.1-1

80

5.1-1

**

*

* **

*** *

** * *

*** ***

* * * ***

*** ** ***

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

81

5.1-2

5.1-2

**

**

***

*

*

*** ***

* ***

** **

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

5.1-3

82

5.1-3

*** ***

*** ***

*** ***

*** ***

*P.05 **P.01 ***P.001

83

46 30