熱力學(一)Thermodynamics (I)熱力學(一)

Thermodynamics (I)

機械工程學系 2(B)陳俊勳 教授

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 2

Course Schedule: C&D, Monday and B, Wednesday

Classroom: EE324Textbook: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics,

7th Edition. By Claus Borgnakke and Richard E. Sonntag

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 3

Performance Evaluation:Midterm Examination (40%)Final Examination (40%)Homeworks and Rollcall (20%)- You should hand in your

homework at the very beginning of class at the due day.

Please No Drinking, Eating and Sleeping in the classroom

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 4

Chapter 1: IntroductionThermodynamics:

In GreeksThermo Heat, Dynamics PowerThe science of energy and entropy.【Entropy：(熵)(音”滴”；但一般習慣唸成”商”)】

Or the science that deals with heat and work and these properties of substances that bear a relation to heat and work.

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 5

Classical ThermodynamicsBasic assumption: ContinuumPhysical length >>Mean free pathZeroth law of thermodynamics (經驗法則)First law of thermodynamics (能量不滅定律)

Energy is a thermodynamic propertySecond law of thermodynamics (熵)

Energy has quality as well as quantityThird law of thermodynamics (絕對零度之熵)

The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Laws are observed experimentally

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 6

應用實例：1.簡易蒸汽原動力廠 (The Simple Steam Power Plant)2.燃料電池 (Fuel Cell)3.冷凍空調循環 (The Vapor-Compression

Refrigeration Cycle)4.熱電子式冰箱(The Thermoelectric Refrigeration)5.空氣分離液化廠 (The Air Separation Plant)6.渦輪機(Gas Turbine)7.化學火箭 (Chemical Rocket Engine)8.環境保護 (Environment Issues)

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 7

截錄自：:http://www.taipower.com.tw/left_bar/power_life/tw_power_develop/Hydraulic_electrogenerating.htm

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 8

截錄自：:http://www.taipower.com.tw/left_bar/power_life/tw_power_develop/Hydraulic_electrogenerating.htm

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 9

截錄自：http://www.taipower.com.tw/left_bar/power_life/tw_power_develop/home_1_7.htm

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 10

Anode:

Cathode:

Overall:

2 2 2PtH H e

2 21 2 22

O H e H O Heat

2 2 212

H O H O Heat

How a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Works

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 11

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 12

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 13

冷凍空調之基本原理：固體 液體，液體 氣體，需吸收熱量；氣體 液體，液體 固體，需放出熱量熱量傳遞－由高溫度傳至低溫度(亦即由熱體傳製冷體）溫度的變化，與工作流體之性質有關且與體積、重量均有關

工作流體(working Fluid) ：冷媒

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 14

熱電效應：請參卓維基百科之說明

Seebeck effect ：兩種不同金屬構成的迴路，如果兩種金屬的結點處溫度不同，該迴路中就會產生一個溫差電壓(Potential) ；反之當一個電壓施加於該迴路，也會產生一個溫差。

這個效應可以用來產生電能、測量溫度，冷卻或加熱物體。

Fig. 1.8, p. 7

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 15

空氣分離液化過程

見課本p.8, Fig1.9

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 16

空氣分離液化過程 (見課本p.8, Fig1.9) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_separation) An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary

components, typically nitrogen and oxygen sometimes also argon and rarely other inert gases. There are various technologies that are used for the separation process, the most common is via cryogenic distillation. This process was pioneered by Dr. Carl von Linde in the early 20th century and is still used today to produce high purity gases. In addition to the cryogenic distillation method there are other methods such as Membrane, Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA), which are typically used to separate a single component, such as oxygen, from ordinary air.

The Cryogenic Process includes:

─1.1 Compression ─ 1.2 Purification─1.3 Cooling & Distillation ─ 1.4 Product supply and storage

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 17

渦輪機 (Gas Turbine)

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 18

（法新社洛杉磯11日電）美國洛杉磯機場人員表示，一架日本航空公司（Japan Airlines）客機今天準備離開洛杉磯國際機場時，赫然發現一具噴射引擎吸入似乎是貨櫃的異物，隨即遭到停飛。

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 19

The Chemical Rocket Engines見課本p.11, Fig. 1.12

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 20

1. ENERGY2. WATER3. FOOD4. ENVIRONMENT 5. POVERTY6. TERRORISM & WAR7. DISEASE8. EDUCATION9. DEMOCRACY10. POPULATION

2003 6.5 Billion People2050 8-10 Billion People

Source： R.E. Smalley, Energy & Nano Technology Conference, Rice University, May 3, 2003

未來50年人類面臨的十大問題

機械工程系陳俊勳老師 21

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse gases: CO2, O3, CH4, N2O, SF6 and etc.