Production of Light Introduction of Lighting Technologies
Incandescent Light Bulbs Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) Light Bulbs
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Light Bulbs Comparisons Energy Price
Environmental Controversy Conclusion
Slide 3
An atom contains electrons that circle the nucleus in orbitals
When an electron moves from a higher orbital to a lower orbital
energy is released as light in the form of a photon The distance of
the orbital change controls the frequency Each light technology
does this differently
Slide 4
Traditional Light Bulb Uses Interior Lighting Exterior Lighting
Car headlights Flashlights
Slide 5
Incandescence: Emission of light by heating a filament 4000F
Filament typically made of Tungsten Surrounded by glass enclosing
Argon gas to inhibit Combustion
Slide 6
Has a lot of wasted energy which is released a heat 10% of
light is in visible spectrum 90% Infrared (>700nm)
Slide 7
In production for 136 years 1879-2015 Easy to produce Use cheap
materials Short life: 1,000 hours
Slide 8
Mini fluorescent tube lamp Uses Indoor Lighting Outdoor
lighting
Slide 9
Gas vapor excited by electric current creating UV light which
in turn stimulates fluorescent coating on inside of tube Gas: Argon
and Mercury Mercury converts to UV 0.000176 ounces Fluorescent
coating (phosphor) composition varies for light color
Slide 10
Integrated Ballast Regulates electric current Gives high
voltage initially to produce arc Reduces voltage and regulates
current to maintain steady light output
Slide 11
Almost all light produced is within visible spectrum Less light
energy lost as heat Use about 78% less energy than incandescent
bulb
Slide 12
More expensive than incandescent Energy rebates Becoming more
standard Saves money on energy due to lower wattage Longer Life:
10,000 hours
Slide 13
Contains Mercury Vapor Toxic metal 0.000176 Ounces Circuit
board and ballast contain Toxic amounts of Pb, Cu and Zn Needs to
be properly disposed of Stores have recycling stations i.e. Home
Depot and IKEA Reduces CO2 emissions Reduced waste: longer
life
Slide 14
Two categories of use: Indication: light viewed as self
luminous object LED signs Indicator lights in cars, phones, etc.
Modern TVs or jumbotron screens Illumination: light used to view
other objects by reflecting light off that object Interior and
Exterior Lighting Car headlights Flashlights
Slide 15
Semiconducting diode used to emit light Semiconductor P side
(+) N Side (-) PN junction (=) Charges in P and N sides are
repelled towards PN junction Electron falls into hole at PN
junction Drops through an orbital Releases energy in photon form
InGaN-Indium Gallium Nitride
Slide 16
LED light is completely within visible spectrum Very little
wasted light energy 85% less energy used than incandescent
bulbs
Slide 17
Cons: Numerous components Relatively young technology Pros In
store rebates available Saves energy Has very long life:25,000-
50,000 hours
Slide 18
Contain toxic amounts of copper Circuit board and driver Reduce
CO2 emissions Reduced waste due to longer life
Slide 19
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
TTLC: Total Threshold Limit Concentration Californias method to
determines if item is considered hazardous waste for disposal
Consider lifetime 1,000: Incandescent 10,000: CFL 25,000-50,000:
LED
Slide 23
Why are these technologies being implemented at a faster pace?
Too expensive False: Much cheaper over lifetime Gives off weird
colored light (bluish tint) False: was true in past but with
increased technology the colors can be matched exactly, in both LED
and CFL Toxic to environment due to the use of high concentrations
of metals (Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu) False: Per lightbulb yes, but less
lightbulbs needed over lifetime and proper diposal will mitigate
these effects.
Slide 24
Slide 25
Harris, Tom. "How Light Bulbs Work" 19 February 2002.
HowStuffWorks.com. 20 April 2015. Harris, Tom, and Wesley Fenlon.
"How Light Emitting Diodes Work" 31 January 2002.
HowStuffWorks.com. 20 April 2015. Harris, William. "How CFL Bulbs
Work" 14 July 2009. HowStuffWorks.com. 20 April 2015. Harris,
William, and Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D.. "How Light Works" 10 July
2000. HowStuffWorks.com. 20 April 2015. Institute, R. P. (2003).
LED Lighting Systems. Lighting Answers, 7(3). Retrieved from
Lighting Research Institute website:
http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/nlpip/lightingAnswers/led/abstract.asp
Lim, S.-R., Kang, D., Ogunseitan, O. A., & Schoenung, J. M.
(2013). Potential Environmental Impacts from the Metals in
Incandescent, Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL), and Light-Emitting
Diode (LED) Bulbs. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(2),
1040-1047. doi: 10.1021/es302886m Menards, Light Bulbs menards.com
20 April 2015.
