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Causes of WW II

+Long-term Causes

WW I

Treaty of Versailles / Paris Peace

Great Depression

Breakdown of Collective Security

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

+Intermediate Causes

Aggressive Foreign Policies of Germany, Japan, & Italy

Violations of the Treaty of Versailles

Appeasement & U.S. Isolationism

+Short-term & Immediate Causes Axis Power Alliance

Hitler’s Foreign Policy towards Czechoslovakia & Poland

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Blitzkrieg in Poland

+Long-term Causes

WW I

Were the causes of WW I satisfactorily addressed?

New map of Europe based on national self-determination

Victors, “Victors,” Losers

+Long-term Causes

Treaty of Versailles / Paris Peace

Treatment of Germany: too harsh or too lenient

Der Diktat Peace of Revenge? Stability or Instability (esp. eastern

Europe) Nationalist Interest or Desire for Peace?

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

France wanted security: Encirclement: surround Ger. w/friendly

countries (Little Entente: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia & Romania)

Rearmed & strengthened Rhineland border: Maginot Line combined w/disarmament

“won the war, but lost the peace”

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

Britain wanted: maintain empire maintain naval power recover economically via trade desire to be isolationist vis-à-vis the

Continent

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

Germany wanted to recover: militarily, economically, politically,

diplomatically need to break Treaty of Versailles

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

Italy wanted to recover from Mutilated Victory: economically, politically, diplomatically seen as major power, esp. in

Mediterranean territory promised in Treaty of London colonies in North Africa

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

USA wanted to isolationism: political involvement in Europe yet, economically involved: war loans,

post-1924 investments, esp. in Ger.

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

Japan wanted to security & respect: saw selves as major power empire means to security (ABCD

Encirclement) strengthened position in China militarism, esp. after Great Depression

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

USSR rather indifferent until 1930s: Stalin’s Socialism in One Country Five Year Plans Rapallo Treaty, 1922—renounces Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk, economic ties, military ties for pariah countries

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

What conclusions can we make from this information as well as what we have already studied?

+Long-term Causes

Great Depression 3rd Global Catastrophe of the 20th Century

(Robert Boyce) weakened economic & social stability weakened progress on international

cooperation aggressive foreign policies delayed rearmament, esp. in democracies international trade collapsed assertion for territorial expansion (Ger, It,

Jap)

+Long-term Causes

Breakdown of Collective Security League of Nations Disarmament Conferences Manchurian Crisis Abyssinian Crisis Spanish Civil War