Causes of Aridity in N. China Animation of Windstorm 1999 Movement dust front through central China on April 19, 1998 recorded by the visible and IR channels

Causes of Aridity in N. ChinaCauses of Aridity in N. China Animation of Windstorm 1999Animation of Windstorm 1999

Movement dust front through central China on April 19, 1998 recorded by the visible and IR channels of the GMS-5 geostationary satellite.. White color means high clouds. Yellow represents low clouds, dust, smoke or haze. Click here

11Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China

Dust Blowing of the Gobi DesertDust Blowing of the Gobi Desert

Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China 22

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=37564

Causes of Aridity in N. ChinaCauses of Aridity in N. China

1.1. Limited impact of the Ogasawara Limited impact of the Ogasawara High beyond Yangtze BasinHigh beyond Yangtze Basin

2.2. Deflection of Kuroshio Current away Deflection of Kuroshio Current away from N. China Coastfrom N. China Coast

3.3. Presence of Qinling (Tsingling) Presence of Qinling (Tsingling) Mountains dividing N. China from Mountains dividing N. China from CentralCentral

4.4. Drying influence of Siberian High in Drying influence of Siberian High in winter winter


1. Ogasawara 1. Ogasawara HighHigh

Brings in Monsoon staring in SpringBrings in Monsoon staring in Spring


Impact of Air MassesImpact of Air Masses

January – Siberian High -- Floods N. China with Dry Cold Air

July – Osagawara High and mid-Indian Ocean -- Wet Warm limited penetration

http://www.carleton.ca/~tpatters/teaching/climatechange/change/change68.html

Ogasawara

Mid- Indian

Siberian High


Space-based Measurements of Space-based Measurements of Cloud Parameters for Improving the Accuracy Cloud Parameters for Improving the Accuracy

of Predicting Global Warming and of Predicting Global Warming and

Understanding the Hydrological CycleUnderstanding the Hydrological Cycle

Monsoon clouds building in the East China Sea in April 2001

Remote image source:http://www.nasda.go.jp/lib/nasda-news/2001/10/eart_e.html

Cloud Patterns Observed from Remote Sensing Satellites … Recently, NASDA’s Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) successfully mapped the distribution of physical parameters of clouds, as shown in Fig. 1, using MODIS data from the U.S. satellite Terra. The image was observed around noon on April 13, 2001, as the satellite passed over East China Sea.


2. Kuroshio 2. Kuroshio CurrentCurrent

Main pathway for movement of Main pathway for movement of moisture from the Ogasawara Highmoisture from the Ogasawara High


Deflection of CurrentDeflection of Current

• Kuroshio Current Warm and Moist provides a track for movement of monsoon

• Deflected away from the Yellow Sea


3. Qinling 3. Qinling MountainsMountains

Divides Humid China into North and Divides Humid China into North and South regionsSouth regions


Presence of Presence of Qinling Mts.Qinling Mts.

(Tsin Ling)(Tsin Ling)

Even though rather low near coast, effective barrier between moist Yangtze Basin and semi-arid Yellow Basin


4. Drying 4. Drying influence of influence of

Siberian HighSiberian HighKeeps winters dryKeeps winters dry


Impact of Siberian HighImpact of Siberian High

January – Siberian High -- Floods N. China with Dry Cold Air

http://www.carleton.ca/~tpatters/teaching/climatechange/change/change68.html

Siberian High


RESULTSRESULTSPrecipitation VolumePrecipitation Volume

Precipitation VariabilityPrecipitation Variability

Land use PatternLand use Pattern

Dust stormsDust storms


ResultResult

Clear North – South Divide of Precipitation

Also East-West Divide


Result 2 -- Result 2 -- VariabilityVariability

The lower the rainfall the greater the annual variability

Variability is statistical measure of variance around the mean

Average rainfall is what we always expect

Variability indicates the range, how little might we get or how much

Where is drought most likely???


The higher the number the more annual variation – numbers vary from 10 to 35

20152015

Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China 1616http://www.agweb.com/article/farmers-in-china-wrestle-with-drought/

http://www.agweb.com/article/farmers-in-china-wrestle-with-drought/

20122012


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4ki86NcDdI

Drought In ChinaDrought In China

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12609202


Interactive Historical Map Interactive Historical Map http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2011/world/infographic-interactive-timeline-mapping-chinas-drought-ridden-provinces-since-2007/


Additional VideoAdditional Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBGsxn_lvX4


Grasslands

Click on map for interactive sighthttp://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_gras_bs.htm

Source: Institute of Remote Sensing, China, Beijing 2121Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China

Agriculture

Click on map for interactive sighthttp://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_cult_bs.htm

Source: Institute of Remote Sensing China, Beijing 2222Aridity in Northern ChinaAridity in Northern China

Forests

Click on map for interactive site http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_for_bs.htm


Land Use: All Types

Click on map for interactive site http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/maps/lu_all_bs.htm


Remote Sensing & Land-Use Remote Sensing & Land-Use ChangesChanges

AN ENVIRONMENTAL AN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MONITORING SYSTEM FOR

CRITICAL AREAS IN NORTHWEST CRITICAL AREAS IN NORTHWEST CHINA BASED ON REMOTE CHINA BASED ON REMOTE

SENSINGSENSINGA Sino-Belgian Cooperation A Sino-Belgian Cooperation

ProjectProjectSource: http://www.geo.ucl.ac.be/Recherche/Teledetection/Projects/China1.htmlSource: http://www.geo.ucl.ac.be/Recherche/Teledetection/Projects/China1.html

AbstractDue to the arid climate, water deficiency and soil erosion, the northwest region of China is confronted with several severe challenges, e.g., poverty, pollution and ecological degradation. Poorly planned exploitation of the natural resources and unreasonable land-use produce a further degradation of the terrestrial ecosystems. This Sino-Belgian cooperation project aims to monitor land-cover change in critical regions and design a monitoring system to meet the needs of the Chinese government "To Develop the Northwest". Test Sites: North Ningxia (Helan Mountains, Yinchuan Plain and part of Maowusu Sandy Land), Xinjiang (Northern Tarim Basin) and North Shaanxi (Part of Maowusu Sandy Land and Loess Plateau).


Add Anthropogenic AerosolsAdd Anthropogenic AerosolsSeaWiFS image of eastern China shows the widespread nature of the pollution SeaWiFS image of eastern China shows the widespread nature of the pollution

problem. Beijing has completely disappeared under the haze. problem. Beijing has completely disappeared under the haze. 11-20-1999

Credit: Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGESatellite:OrbView-2Sensor:SeaWiFSImage Date:11-20-1999Copyright:All SeaWiFS images are for research and educational use only. All commercial use of SeaWiFS data must be coordinated with Orbimage (http://www.orbimage.com/).

Click on Picture to go to website and full sized image


http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/GIS/img/ch_wind.jpg


5. Water 5. Water Resources in Resources in

ChinaChina


http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1999/107p251-256wu/wufig1B.GIF

Grade 1 – Drinking

Grade 2 – Bathing

Grade 3 – Industry

Grade 4 Irrigation

Grade 5 –None of the above


Ma Jun’s new On-Line Water Ma Jun’s new On-Line Water Pollution mapPollution map

http://www.ipe.org.cn/english/index.jsp http://www.ipe.org.cn/english/index.jsp


http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/1999/107p251-256wu/wufig1B.GIF

In 2000, the organic pollution was universal in the surface water of seven major river basins in China. 57.7% of the sections of the mainstream of various river basins met the water quality standard for Grade III. 21.6% met the standard for Grade IV and 6.9% that for Grade V. And 13.8% had the water quality worse than the standard for Grade V. The eutrophication of major lakes was an outstanding problem. http://www.zhb.gov.cn/english/SOE/soechina2000/english/water/water_maine.htm




Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Three Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Three Rivers and Three LakesRivers and Three Lakes The second-phase targets for The second-phase targets for water pollution prevention and control in the Huai River and water pollution prevention and control in the Huai River and three lakes have been basically achieved. The first phase of three lakes have been basically achieved. The first phase of the pollution control in the Hai River and the Liao River is the pollution control in the Hai River and the Liao River is starting. 38 municipal wastewater treatment plants have starting. 38 municipal wastewater treatment plants have been or are being built in the Huai River Basin. The capacity been or are being built in the Huai River Basin. The capacity of treatment of those plants built and under construction is of treatment of those plants built and under construction is 3.125 million tons/day, accounting for 86.0% of the capacity 3.125 million tons/day, accounting for 86.0% of the capacity of the total planned plants. There are 53 municipal of the total planned plants. There are 53 municipal wastewater treatment plants built and under construction wastewater treatment plants built and under construction in the Tai Lake Basin. Five municipal wastewater treatment in the Tai Lake Basin. Five municipal wastewater treatment plants are under construction in the Dianchi Lake Basin. plants are under construction in the Dianchi Lake Basin. One of them is expanding its capacity of treatment and four One of them is expanding its capacity of treatment and four of them are new plants. The water pollution control is of them are new plants. The water pollution control is comprehensively undertaken in Chao Lake. comprehensively undertaken in Chao Lake.


Monday, November 28, 2005 Posted: 0459 GMT Monday, November 28, 2005 Posted: 0459 GMT (1259 HKT) (1259 HKT)

A woman balances a basin as she waits to A woman balances a basin as she waits to

fill it with water from a tanker truck in a fill it with water from a tanker truck in a street in Harbin.Image:street in Harbin.Image:

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Causes of Aridity in N. China Animation of Windstorm 1999 Movement dust front through central China on April 19, 1998 recorded by the visible and IR channels