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CAUSE AND IMPACT ANALYSIS ON THE MAIN CHARACTER’S SUFFERING IN ELIZABETH GILBERT’S
NOVEL EAT, PRAY, LOVE
Thesis
ByFREDY YUNANTO
06.02023.268
MADURA UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT2011
Approval Sheet
This is to certify that the thesis of Fredy Yunanto entitled An Analysis The causes and The Impacts of The Main Character’s Suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s Novel Eat, Pray, Love has been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by examining committee
Pamekasan, February 2011The first advisor The Second Advisor
Sri Nurhayati, S. Pd H. A. Ghufran Ferdiant, M. Pd.
MOTTO
BELIEF IS WITHOUT DRESS AND ITS DRESS IS GOD-FEAR, ITS ORNAMENT IS SHAME AND ITS FRUIT IS
KNOWLEDGE
LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE
This is to certify that thesis of Fredy Yunanto has been defended in front of The Examiner of Faculty of Teacher Training And Education Madura University and Acceptance as the Partial
Requirement to Achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
Pamekasan,…………………2011
Approved By:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Madura University
Dra. Sri Harini
Dean
Chair Persons
1. Dra. Sri Harini Chief
2. Rahmad, M. Pd Secretary
3. Agus Budiharto, M. Pd Examiner I
4. Sri Nurhayati, S. Pd Examiner II
5. H. A. Ghufran Ferdiant, M. Pd Examiner III
This Thesis is Dedicated to:
1. My very beloved our parents for their endless love, pray, and motivation to finish this
thesis.
2. All my family for their affection and motivation to finish this thesis.
3. My handsome and beautiful friends in English Department 2011, for their friendship,
togetherness, joyfulness, and support to finish this thesis as soon as possible.
4. All my friends in recitation N. U. branch Pademawu, and for all the scholars for their
prayed to finish this thesis and getting satisfy score.
Thanks you very much for all, you are significant peoples in my life.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah SWT, the Most gracious and the Most merciful. Firstly, I thank
Him as a world master and always give blessing and miracle as long as my life. And also
through the unbounded grace of the Almighty God and blessings of the greatest Apostle of
God, so I can do everything, especially this thesis.
Secondly, Our prophet Muhammad SAW. Sholawat and Salam would always be given
for him, that guide us from the darkness to the lightness that is Islam as true religion in the
world.
I should not forget to express:
1. My deepest gratitude to the first advisor Sri Nurhayati, S. Pd and the second advisor
Mr. Ghufrant Ferdiant, M. Pd who always smile and give me their support, comments,
suggestions, and corrections is finishing my thesis.
2. Thanks are also addressed to all my lecturers of English program and non-English
lecturers who have given knowledge during the academic years.
3. At last, I would like to thanks to all person who always have helped and supported me
during the process arranging this thesis that cannot be mentioned. May Allah always
blessings you all. Amin…
Finally, I hoes this thesis will be useful for all, and cause I am aware of the weakness
for this thesis, therefore, I welcomes correction and comments for the perfect one.
Pamekasan, Februari 2011
The writer
ABSTRACT
Fredy Yunanto, February, 2011. Cause and Impact Analysis on The Main Character’s Suffering In Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel Eat, Pray, Love. Thesis, English Department Facutly of Madura University. The first advisor: Sri Nurhayati, S. Pd., and the second advisor: H. Ghufran Ferdiant, M. Pd.
Key words: Cause, Impact and Suffering
Literature is a complex work that enables us to get enjoyment, which can help us spend our leisure time. A literary work for instance, novel may enables us to get entertainment in which it can tell about many things that may happen in our lives. Besides novel, literature also consists of a short story, poetry and drama. A novel is a book – length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that while we read. We experience actual life.
This study focuses to discuss the main character’s suffering then the researcher adds the causes and the impacts of the main character’s suffering. Every cause has solved to release, so the researcher adds the solving of the main character to fulfill the main character’s suffering.
The researcher applies “”descriptive qualitative” method, because descriptive method is used to describe the causes and the impacts of the main character’s suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel Eat, Pray, Love. The data are words, sentence, and discourse of the novel which are related to the main character’s suffering.
The researcher found that the main character suffers from some prior problems are: being failed marriage, interminable divorce, and passionate love affair that ended in sickening heartbreak. All of them are related with Munandar’s statement for the background of the sufferings are seen from causes are physical reason and mental reason. The researcher also gives the solving of the main character’s suffering.
The main character’s suffering will display through some confession from the main character and the paragraph that supports the main character felt unhappy from her problems. The problems are the causes from the main character’s suffering. After the main character felt suffered, the main character got some impacts from her suffering were: the symptoms of a major depression suffered, psychosomatic suffered, schizo suffered, and drug dependency suffered. Because the main character suffered about her life, then the main character toke a radical steps to resolve her passed taking a long journey as one year. The main characters visited to three countries were: Italy, India, and Indonesia. The countries above are believed by the main character can resolve her suffering. Finally, the main character toke her journey and gain her be released than before.
TABLE OF CONTENTPage
COVER.....................................................................................................................iAPPROVAL SHEET...............................................................................................iiMOTTO....................................................................................................................iiiLETTER OF ACCEPTANCE................................................................................ivDEDICATION..........................................................................................................vACKNOWLEGMENT............................................................................................viABSTRACT..............................................................................................................viiTABLE OF CONTENT...........................................................................................viiiLIST OF APPENDICES.........................................................................................xi
CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................11.1. Background of the Study 11.2. Problem Statement of the Study.................................................................................51.3, Purpose of the Study..................................................................................................51.4. The Significance of the Study....................................................................................51.5. Scope and Limitation.................................................................................................61.6. Definition of the Key Terms......................................................................................6
CHAPTER IIREVIEW RELATED OF LITERATURE....................................................................82.1. Literature....................................................................................................................82.2. Fiction .......................................................................................................................92.3. Novel..........................................................................................................................92.3.1. Definition of Novel.................................................................................................92.3.2. Kinds of Novel........................................................................................................102.3.3. The Elements of Novel...........................................................................................122.3.3.1, Theme...................................................................................................................122.3.3.2. Setting..................................................................................................................132.3.3.3. Plot.......................................................................................................................142.3.3.4. Character..............................................................................................................152.3.3.5. Characterization...................................................................................................152.4. Conflict.......................................................................................................................162.4.1. Character vs. Self....................................................................................................172.4.2. Person vs. Person....................................................................................................172.4.3. Person vs. Society...................................................................................................182.4.4. Person vs. Nature....................................................................................................182.4.5. Person vs. Supernatural...........................................................................................192.4.6. Person vs. Machine/Technology (Main Article: Man vs. Machine).......................192.5 Subject Matter and Theme..........................................................................................202.6The Nature of Suffering...............................................................................................20
CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHOD.................................................................................................243.1. Research Design.........................................................................................................243.2. Data Source................................................................................................................253.2.1. Objective Approach................................................................................................253.2.2. Mimetic Approach..................................................................................................253.2.3. Pragmatic Approach................................................................................................253.2.4. Expressive Approach..............................................................................................263.3. The Object of the Study.............................................................................................263.3. Data Collection..........................................................................................................273.4. Data Analysis.............................................................................................................27
CHAPTER IVFINDING AND DISCUSSION......................................................................................294.1. The Main Character’s Suffering.................................................................................294.1.1. Being a Failed Marriage..........................................................................................304.1.2. Interminable Divorce..............................................................................................324.1.3. Passionate Love Affair that Ended in Sickening Heartbreak..................................354.2.1. The Causes of the Main Character’s Suffering.......................................................374.2.1.1. A Failed Marriage................................................................................................374.2.1.2. Interminable Divorce...........................................................................................384.2.1.3. Passionate Love Affair that Ended in Sickening Heartbreak...............................404.2.2. The Impacts of the Main Character’s Suffering......................................................414.2.2.1. The Symptoms of a Major Depression................................................................424.2.2.2. Psychosomatic Suffered.......................................................................................454.2.2.3. Schizo Suffered....................................................................................................464.2.2.3. Drug Dependency Suffered..................................................................................484.3. The Resolving of the Main Character’s Suffering.....................................................494.3.1. Italy.........................................................................................................................504.3.2. India........................................................................................................................514.3.3. Indonesia ................................................................................................................53
CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..........................................................................565.1. Conclusion.................................................................................................................565.2. Suggestion..................................................................................................................57
LIST OF APPENDICES
1. Biography of The Author...................................................................................................61
2. Synopsis of Eat, Pray, Love...............................................................................................62
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter the researcher discusses about this study based on background of
the study, problem statements of the study, purpose of the study, the significance of the
study, scope and limitation of the study, and definition of key terms. All of them are
included on the chapter one as fulfilled of the study.
1.1. Background of The Study
Literature does not take itself to a single definition because the achieving of it
over century has been as complex and natural as the life itself. Many literary experts
have different opinion about literature. In this case, it is related with the time and social
condition. Literature itself is correlated with human’s expression. Identical with life, it
can be seen that literature is a true picture or replication of human’s life. The focus of
literature is mankind’s life and the problem in it. It describes that mankind’s life has
many ways of expressing their felling, imagination, creation, and communication
definitely the events of taking human life. Long in his book,” English literature,”(194:8)
writes that literature is the expression of life in the word of troughs and beauty, it is the
written record of man’s thoughts, emotions, aspirations, it is the story, and the only
history, of the human soul.
Literary work so far is considered to be difficult to understand because it needs a
sharp sense of appreciation to get willingness to find out what the author wants to
express to the readers. Therefore, the readers need to look into not only outer surface of
its components but also what is more important in the essence of it. It also implies
things in a work of literature have to be dug out to find the valuable lesson hidden. The
appreciation of literary work is always stands by special attitude such as how to
interpret, characterize and evaluate.
Literature cannot be separated from language because literature is language used
at the best. Language is the medium of literature and the only purpose of language
communicated something from the person to another. Language is also connection of
literary work. As the connection of literary works signs to system which connects of a
works of literature, an author, and the readers. The connection is complicated based on
develop the three aspects. According Segers (1978:24 – 25) communication of literary
works is complicated than communication of machine.
According Connoly (1955), literature has three characteristics. Firstly, literature
has power. It means that the use of language in a certain piece of work of literature may
create powerful emotional impacts in readers mind. Secondly, literature is vivid. The
written work of literature can make someone hear, feel, and see. Thirdly, the language
of literature is clear. To clarify this, the author uses in passage to describe the character,
the author clarifies her definition of person by allowing who she is, why she does it,
now she does it what he would never do.
Literature is grouped on some categories by some experts relate with time, form,
and purpose of using literature. According Jakob Sumardo and Saini in their book
“Apresiasi Kesusastraan” (1986:180 divided Literatures into two categories that Non
Imaginative literature and Imaginative Literature). Imaginative literature is the writing
contains fact explanation or real people life and history which aim at conveying
knowledge to article, history book, dictionaries and text book. On the other hand,
imaginative literature aims an entertaining as well as giving information. In this case the
author tries to tell about his though, ideas and feeling.
A novel is a book length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense
that while we need, we experience actual life, (Kennedy, 1983:180). In reading a novel,
the readers will gain messages, and it is not easy to interpret, it needed work hard to
appreciate contents of novel forget message has been conveys by author. As novel may
have many characters, some characters may never ever come into relation with an
author. People know that all the people in the world at this moment and related, if only
by the nature of the fact that they are all living at the same time. Direct contact is not
necessary to establish relationship, though a novelist will probably show closer
relationship among his character that there is merely being alive at the same time.
Through reading a novel, the readers gain messages from novel that the author is
conveyed pass the contents of novel. Like the main character of a novel will be
representation of human’s expression from the events of human life such their problem,
struggle of life and conflict. They cannot be separated from love, sacrifice, humanity
and sorrow. We are able to appreciate human life and do out our problem concern with
psychological, social, and others.
The contribution of appreciating novel is the readers have to analyze for gaining
the messages. Analysis of main character will give us insight of human life about
pressure conflict that impacts from the main character’s suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s
eat, pray, love.
It is very different from other novels that I have met before. In Elizabeth
Gilbert’s novel “Eat, Pray, Love,” an author gives a different sensation but about
common problems that happen to anyone. Problems in the novel “Eat, Pray, Love” give
a different atmosphere. Although it seems simple but had a tremendous conflict.
Conflicts that occurred in daily are a pervasive anxiety and depression in the main
character in this novel. Impressed simple but very weighty. There are some review came
from San Francisco Chronicle - Don Lattin and Jennifer Egan. Both of them gave
respond about this novel. Firstly, the review came from San Francisco Chronicle – Don
Lattin of her review that Gilbert's writing is chatty and deep, confident and self-
deprecating. She's a quick study and doesn't worry about leading readers down
uncharted paths. That makes her work engaging and accessible but sometimes gets her
and the rest of us lost in space.
And the second, the review also came from the famous person was The New
York Times - Jennifer Egan; Lacking a ballast of gravitas or grit, the book lists into the
realm of magical thinking: nothing Gilbert touches seems to turn out wrong; not a single
wish goes unfulfilled. What are missing are the textures and confusion and unfinished
business of real life.... While I wouldn't begrudge this massively talented writer a single
iota of joy or peace, I found myself more interested, finally, in the awkward, unresolved
stuff she must have chosen to leave out. As added from the review that the researcher
had interview from his friends. That the novel eat, pray, love was wonderful with the
style of main character’s behavior. It also gave some taste of the novel with the journey
of the main character was beginning of therapy. Therapy for releasing was from the
main character’s suffering. As the researcher, the review above encouraged to conduct
research and understanding in the content of novel. It gave motivated from the
researcher interpreted the content of Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love. The
researcher also will give some evidence about the subject of the novel as spiritual and
the genre of the novel is about memoir.
In this story, the writer of this thesis will discuss of the main character’s
suffering, the causes and the impacts that influences of the main character’s suffering,
and how to solve from its. This thesis discusses about the main character’s suffering
because it is dominant theme of the story. For the main character’s suffering of this
study just will be proved about the main character suffered. The evidences of the main
character’s suffering just shows of the confession of the main character’s life based of
the Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love.
1.2. Problem Statement of the Study
In this study there are some problems that are necessary to be investigated in
relations with the main character’s suffering (Liz) in the novel. The writer of this thesis
formulates the problems as follows:
1. What are the main character’s sufferings on Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray,
love?
2. What are the causes and the impacts of the main character’ suffering?
3. How does the main character overcome her suffering?
1.3. Purpose of the Study
The writer of this thesis states purposes of the study to find out the answer of the
problems. They are formulated as follows:
1. To describe of the main character’s sufferings on Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat,
pray, love.
2. To describe the causes and the impacts of the main character’s suffering.
3. To describe the main character overcome her suffering?
1.4. The Significance of the Study
This result of this thesis is expected to provide analysis as the qualitative
research and takes sample in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love. The writer
emerges problems from the main character of the novel, so this study focusses on the
analysis problem. This thesis will gives comprehending causal network of analysis
problem. It gives description about the application of psychological and philosophical
theories in the study of personality of the character in literary work, including their
causes and the influence to their act. Practically, it gives understanding knowledge
about personal existence to make general and specific readers have high consciousness
in life. Secondly, it is expected to be able to enhance and encourage the readers,
especially the students of English Department to pay more attention on literary works.
The researcher of this thesis also hopes that the readers will be able to take result of this
research as the lesson in their life.
Not only for the students who gain the contributions of this thesis but also
between English teacher and other researchers who want to interpret it will gain the
contributions too. This study intends to provide for the English Teacher who wants to
develop their knowledge about novel and increases their vocab. For other researchers
and the readers gain many lessons of this study such as the main character’s suffering
that impacts the reader’s mind; the causes and the impacts of the main character’s
suffering; and how to overcome of the main character’s suffering. They will give us
insight for the cases of this study. This study presents some contributions liked struggle,
conflict of life, and problems of life occurring to the main character. The object of this
study is unique. There are 108 tales of the novel that it likes japa mala. Japa mala is
strings of beads. In a way, this study gives many contributions for the Students, English
Teachers, other researchers, and the readers.
1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study
The researcher of this thesis just wanted to discuss suffering. So, the researcher
of this thesis gave the scope of novel eat, pray, love by Elizabeth Gilbert. The limitation
of the study by only discussing the causes and the impacts of main character’s suffering,
and how to overcome of the main character’s suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat,
pray, love.
1.6. Definition of the Key Terms.
To make the study clearer to the readers and to avoid confusion in understanding
this study, the writer of this thesis would like to present several definitions of key terms:
- Novel is book length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that,
while one reads, they experience it (Kennedy, 1983:180).
- Suffering is feelings of pain or unhappiness (hornby, A. A, 1974).
- Cause is produces and effect from something.
- Impact is striking of something.
- A main character is someone the representation of a person in a narrative or
dramatic work of art.
- Elizabeth Gilbert is the author of the novel eat, pray, love
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In the chapter two, the researcher gives review of related literature such as;
literature; fiction; novel and the nature of suffering. Novel comprises definition of
novel, kinds of novel, and the elements of novel. The element of novel in here included
theme, setting, plot, characterization, conflict, subject matter and theme. They will be
explained one by one of this chapter.
2.1. Literature
According to Jones Jr. (1986) literature is simply another way people can
experience the world around them through the imagination. It can be divided into two
different groups’ namely informative literature and imaginative literature. Informative
literature deals with facts, explanation, real people’s life, and history. Imaginative
literature, on the other hand aims to arouse thoughts and feelings.
In other books, literature is as the standard of expression from what the people
have shown in life, have experienced about life, have lost in thought and felt about
aspects of life which interest in directly and forcefully. Actually, it is an expression of
life passing through language form (Hardjana, 1981:14). In other words, literature born
because of fundamental motivation of human being’s interest in literary works.
Perrine (1959:311) defines literature according to the aim of writing literature.
He makes two broad categories of literature, namely:: escape literature and
interpretative literature. Escape literature is that written purely for entertainment, to help
is pass the time agreeably. Its only objet is pleasure. While, interpretative literature is
written to broaden and deep and sharpen our awareness of life. It takes us, through
imagination, deeper into the real world: it enables us to understand the reality of life
better.
Francis Connoly (1995) said that men read because of hunger for information or
amusement or solace on appetite for truth that literature is anthology or collection of
stories, poems, plays, novels and other works of literature written by many different
authors. Literature should not only provide enjoyment for readers but it also gives
something more important to their life.
2.2. Fiction
Fiction is narrative literature that creates an imaginary reality in the form of a
story written in sentences and paragraph with no strongly rhythmic base. There is
usually a sense of various experience of someone recreating past events. Included are
novel, novelette and short story. But in this study the researcher only focuses to the
novel.
2.3. Novel
Novel usually concerns with human being and through the story give valuable
message for us. Novel can enrich our sense of humanity and imagination, because it
tries to portray human relationship, love struggles, ambition and experience. By reading
novel people can get knowledge about expression of life by words and the readers can
find of human personality, many characters of people and human behavior.
2.3.1. Definition of Novel
Novel is which one forms of traditional fiction, as the literary works, are meant
for telling stories. According to Singleton and Millet in their book “An Introduction to
Literature” that novel is prose fiction of considerable length showing characters in
action and capable of greater complexity both character and plot than the story”.
(1966:1194). This idea supported by Webster (1952), that a fiction prose narrative of
considerable length, portraying characters, action and scene representative of real life in
a plot of more and less intricacy.
Novel is not like a short story, novelette, and novella. The categories
differentiate about traditional fictions above are length. Novel is not also like a short
story for some aspects. According Jones in his book “Outlines of Literature” (1968:80)
that a short story focuses on one incident time; an over has far more range. It may deal
with a lifetime a number of incidents. A novel may have many character, some
characters may never even come into contact with others, but who are, nevertheless,
somehow involved with others. However both of them are different for some aspects,
both of them are some similarities. Both are prose fiction and dealing with truth,
problems, conflict and both of them have the same aim to entertain and to inform,. In
both, the elements of structure are found: plot, characterization, setting and theme but a
novel is longer and more complex.
2.3.2. Kinds of Novel
In the anthology of English literature, Putra (1978:53-54) mentioned seven types
of novels and addition of a few experts as follows:
1. The picaresque novel, the novel which talks about the adventures of a rougher
knave. For example: Moll Flanders (Defoe); Joseph Andrew and Tom Jones
(Fielding).
2. The epistolary novel, the novel written in the form of series of letters between
the characters. For example: Pamela, Clarissa Harolow, (Richarson).
3. The sentimental novel, the novel that contains an exaggerated expression of
sentiment, aimed at producing a calculated response from the reader. For
example: Pamela (Richardson) and A sentimental journey (Stern).
4. The Gothic novel, the novel that covers such elements as horror, death, violence,
mystery and the supernatural predominate. For example: Laura Conway’s The
unforgotten, Fran Kestein (Mary Shelly, Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bronte).
5. The didactic novel, the novel in which the message is used to teach something or
to preach political or religious doctrines and social reforms. For example:
Dickens’s novels are didactic novels aimed at social reforms.
6. The historical novel, the novel which sets a historical background, a detailed
reconstruction of life in another time. For example: Sir Walter Scott’s novels.
7. The domestic novel, the novel which mostly talks about the domestic problems
of certain family. For example: Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice and Sense and
Sensibility).
8. memoir‐novel, a kind of novel that pretends to be a true autobiography or
memoir. It was an important form in the emergence of the modern novel during
the 18th century, in such works as Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders (1722) and
John Cleland's Memoirs of a Lady of Pleasure (1748–9; usually known as Fanny
Hill). A similar pseudo‐autobiographical mode of first ‐ person narrative is found
in very many later novels, but the pretence that the real author was only an
‘editor’ of a true account did not outlive the 18th century.
9. Romance, This form of novel goes beyond ordinary experience and social
predicaments into make-believe. Something new is being searched for in an
alternative world beyond familiar circumstances so that the novel's purpose is a
moral or ideal issue. Nevertheless, the transportation to some idealized world, or
going on a somewhat fantastic journey, can lead to disappointment, and its
moral outcome. The characters' ideals can be crushed. The fantastical journey
can be a big illusion or joke, where the reality is a series of mundane
disappointments or repeated errors. European writers tend to present and then
undermine the fantastic, whereas Americans use the fantasy to explore matters.
Portrait of a Lady (1881) by Henry James; Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily
Brontë
This study discusses eat, pray, love novel by Elizabeth Gilbert and this kind of
novel is included a memoir-novel. Some of researchers such as publishers weekly
classify this novel into a kind of romantic novel. Actually this subject of novel is
spirituality. It combines with some conflicts, problems, struggle, causes and impacts of
the main character’s suffering, and recovering of the problems through spirituality base
of the novel.
2.3.3 The Elements of Novel
There are some elements of novel, which have relation with the study, namely:
theme, setting, plot, character, characterization, conflict, and suffering.
2.3.3.1. Theme
Theme is basic or the aim of story or novel (Brooks and Warren, 1959:688).
According to Scharbach theme is the idea which become the foundation of a story, so it
has a role as the writer’s foundation in describing their fiction work the other
explanation, in addition theme is not synonymous with moral or message and theme
relates to meaning and purpose. In the sense, in order to understand the theme, the
readers have to understand the significant element which builds a story including the
meaning of a story and able to related the purpose of these creation. Edward H. Jones,
Jr. point out the theme of a novel is its underlying idea or wisdom that the author is
presenting.
Kenney (1966:91) says that the theme is the meaning of the story releases.
Koesnosoebroto (1988:79) quoted from Perrine (1959:143) propose some principle to
look for a theme in story: (1) Theme must be expressible in the form of statement with a
subject and predicate. Theme must be statement about the subject, (2) the theme must be
stated as a generalization about life.
Theme is often listed as one of fundamental elements of fiction. In this case, the
makings of novel have a theme which became a major type of message. This is the
central idea from an author. On eat, pray, love by Elizabeth Gilbert is included of
spirituality or religious.
2.3.3.2 Setting
According to Connonly (1954:14), setting is in a sense “the time place and
concrete situation of the narrative of environment in which characters spin out their
destinies. In a good story, setting is also well integrated with plot and character that the
reader is hardly aware of it. The function of setting is to create an atmosphere that is
kind of mood or emotional which suggested by the setting to establish the reader’s
explanation (Kennedy, 1966:38)
There are two kinds of setting; physical and psychological. Physical setting
means the place where an event happens. Physical setting relates with place.
Psychological setting is concerned with environment or the object in certain
environment which influence the reader emotion. Psychological setting can be in term
of situation, attitude and point of view of certain society’s environment. Setting consists
of (1) the actual geographical location, including topography, scenery, event the details
of a rooms interior, (2) the occupation and mode of day to day existence of the
characters, (3) The time in which the action takes place, e.g. historical, season, and
emotional environment of the character (Kenney, 1966:40).
The setting is also list as one of the fundamental elements of fiction. The
explanations about setting have fully described above. The physical setting meant the
place, and time when the events was occurring such as “I discovered Giovanni for a few
weeks after I’d arrived in Rome, thanks to that beg Internet café at the Piazza Barbarini,
across the street from the fountain with the sculpture of that sexy merman blowing into
his conch shell.” And the second is the psychological setting that means describing
about the full setting of the events have occurred. The process of the study have met
many psychological setting of eat, pray, love novel by Elizabeth Gilbert.
2.3.3.3. Plot
A plot is the structure of emotion, which exist on fiction or drama. According to
Edward H. Jones, Jr, plot is the action of the story. It is the sequence of events involving
the character or characters. In other words, plot is the sequence of events in a story.
Each event causes or leads to the next one. And a plot reveals events to the readers, not
only in their temporal but also their casual relationship.
In other opinion, Tarigan said the principle of plot in another literary work that a
fiction should be the beginning, middle and the ending. In literature they are usually
calls as exposition, complication and denouement.
In the beginning, usually a plot begins exposition; it is the background of setting
and situation. Furthermore, narrative book is drawing the reader into the story. Rising
action is the events that contribute to the climax. Whereas, climax is the point of highest
dramatist tension. The falling action presents the result of the climax, and the resolution
gives the final outcome. According to Connonly, (19955:6) besides, Mac Millan in
“Appreciating Literature”, there is the scheme of plot, as follows:
Climax
Rising Action Falling Action
Exposition Narrative book Resolution
2.3.3.4. Character
According to Kennedy (1983:45), character is an imagined person who inhabits
a story. But his definition, as himself admits, is over simplified, for in stories may
happen not only to the people but also the elements of nature such as the wind, the
wave, grass or stone, or even animals. The story will exist only because these things will
be treated as if they were human rather that as what we know they are in nature, with
the exception of stories with animals as characters (Koenosoebroto, 1988:65).
On the basic of importance character can be divided into two types, mayor and
minor character (Koesnosoebroto, 1988:69). Mayor character is the most important
character in a story. Basically the story is about this character, but he or she cannot
stand on his own. He or she needs other character to make the story more convincing
and minor character is less important character that those of the mayor, for the minor
character just support the mayor one.
Sunaryo Koensosoebroto in his Book writes, protagonist is the character who
has attitudes, which is pleasing the readers. Antagonist is the character who has
attitudes, which is not pleasing and doesn’t agree with the reader’s imagination.
2.3.3.5. Characterization
According to Kearns (1984:610), a characterization is personality of the
character and the method that an author uses to reveals this personality. Edward H.
Jones, Jr said that characterization is the depicting of clear images of a person. There are
two methods of characterization”: the dramatic and the analytic. In the dramatic we
form our opinions of the character from what they do and say, from their environment,
and from what other characters think of them. In the analytic method the author
comments upon the characters, explaining their motives, their appearance, and their
thoughts.
Characterization can be direct or indirect. With direct characterization the author
directly states fact about a character’s personality; with indirect characterization the
author reveals a character’s personality indirectly through the character’s physical
appearance, words, thoughts, and actions or through what other characters say about
that character.
Characterization described characters comprises are physics, though,
appearance, and actions or through what other characters say about that character.
Habitually, it appeared of fiction the author used a passage to describe the character,
author clarifies his definition of person by allowing who he is, why he does it, now he
does it what he would. It was discussed of the characteristic of fiction above.
2.4. Conflict
In daily life, conflict is mostly caused by the different opinion, limited skills,
unfulfilled and dissatisfaction. According to Edward H. Jones (1968) is divided conflict
into three categories: physical, social and psychological conflict. The physical conflict
is a conflict of the character against the nature. The social conflict is a conflict between
human being. It is a conflict where a man against a man, the main character may be
against some person or group of person. Those two kinds of conflict can be classified as
external conflict, the last in psychological conflict. It means that a conflict of a character
against herself or himself. This conflict can be classified into internal conflict.
On some statements about conflict we sometimes meet with others statements
that more completely describe about it. Before we will be far explanation of conflict, we
discuss the means of conflict. World English Dictionary means that conflict is discord
of action, feeling, or effect; antagonism or opposition, as of interests or principles: a
conflict of ideas. It also means a mental struggle arising from opposing demands or
impulse. Consequently, we will find some categories from conflict itself of our though.
We can directly distinguish conflict into some types; Person Vs Person, Person Vs
Machine, Person Vs Society, Person Vs Nature, Character Vs Self, and the last Person
Vs Supernatural.
There are six basic types of conflict. In modern times, Person vs. Machine, also
known as Person vs. Technology, has become another one.
2.4.1. Character vs. self
Character vs. Self is the theme in literature that places a character against
his or her own will, confusion, or fears. Man vs. Self can also be where a
character tries to find out who he or she is or comes to a realization or a change
in character. Although the struggle is internal, the character can be influenced by
external forces. The struggle of the human being to come to a decision is the
basis of Character vs. Self. Examples include the novel called Grendel on the
character taken from the epic Beowulf. More recently, there have been movies
about Character vs. Self such as Fight Club and the Academy Award winning
movie, A Beautiful Mind. When a person struggles with his or her inner self by
deciding what's right or wrong.
2.4.2. Person vs. person
Person vs. Person is when, in a novel, there is a conflict of two forms of
like beings. An example is the hero's conflicts with the central villain of a work,
which may play a large role in the plot and contribute to the development of
both characters. There are usually several confrontations before the climax is
reached. The conflict is external. Person vs. Person can usually be expressed by
when a child is being ridiculed by a bully. An example is the conflict between
Judah and Messala in Ben-Hur.
2.4.3. Person vs. Society
Person vs. Society is a theme in fiction in which a main character's, or
group of main characters', main source of conflict is social traditions or
concepts. In this sense, the two parties are: a) the protagonist(s); b) the society of
which the protagonist(s) are included. Society itself is often looked at as a single
character, just as an opposing party would be looked at in a Person vs. Person
conflict. An example in literature would be Wuthering Heights by Emily
Brontë.right.
2.4.4. Person vs. Nature
Person vs. Nature is the theme in literature that places a character against
forces of nature. Many disaster films focus on this theme, which is predominant
within many survival stories. It is also strong in stories about struggling for
survival in remote locales, such as the novel Hatchet or Jack London's short
story "To Build a Fire". Also A separate peace is a good example with Leper not
wanting to jump out of the tree. Some are not so remote such as Banner in the
Sky.
2.4.5. Person vs. Supernatural
Person vs. Supernatural is a theme in literature that places a character
against supernatural forces. When an entity is in conflict with his, her, or itself,
the conflict is categorized as internal, otherwise, it is external. Such stories are
often seen in Freudian Criticism as representations of id vs. superego. Bram
Stoker's Dracula is a good example of this, as well as Frankenstein by Mary
Shelley and "Christabel" by Samuel Coleridge. It is also very common in comic
books
2.4.6. Person vs. Machine/Technology (Main article: Man vs. Machine)
Person vs. Machine/Technology places a character against robot forces
with "artificial intelligence". I, Robot and the Terminator series are good
examples of this conflict.
In this study the researcher find some conflicts of Elizabeth Gilbert’s
novel eat, pray, love. There are consisted of the person versus self, and person
versus person based according from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiction. In
other side, the researcher summarizes the conflict from the two types of conflict
in Edward H. Jones. According Edward H. Jones (1968), there are external
conflict and internal conflict. The external conflict comprised cosmic, social,
and physical conflict. In other side, the internal conflict is psychological conflict.
Based on the novel, the main character has experienced psychological conflict as
the internal conflict and physical conflict as the external conflict. Psychological
conflict is a character experiences inner unrest and discord, essentially
struggling within him. Characters may struggle with themselves in various ways,
including wrestling with ideas of good and evil, struggling with weaknesses and
grappling with decisions. Psychological conflict may reveal itself as an
individual wrestling with a moral decision or trying to overcome a handicap.
Characters who suffer from addictions or who make self-destructive choices
may also be manifesting psychological conflict. And physical conflict is
characters struggle against other external forces. A character may struggle
against other characters, animals or even natural forces. Physical conflict may
manifest itself as problems with physical shelter or safety, or it may be reflected
through fights between friends, family members or lovers.
2.5 Subject Matter and Theme
Kenney (1966:11) says that subject matter is not what the worked contains, but
what the work refers to. The subject matter of this novel,”Eat Pray Love” is the story of
Elizabeth’s life.
Theme is the topic of the story. Kenney (1966:91) describes that theme is the
meaning of the story that releases. The theme in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel “eat, pray,
love,” is spiritual and for the genre of the novel is memoir.
2.6. The Nature of Suffering
Happiness and sadness always accompany people’s life. Life will be colorful
with such feelings. Sometimes, when they feel happy they will fill their life with
enthusiasm and excitement. In other causes, when their feeling is not good, they will
easily get angry because of uncontrolled emotion and the result is that they can easily
get them into trouble, when their life are not felt pleasant as usual. They become
worried about the safety and afraid of their belongings. Those emotions can create bad
judgment toward other people. They can take a friend into enemies and make their life
sorrow. So, those can make them feel stressed and depressed. Because, of that, they
always live in worrying and suffer.
From above explanation, it can be conclude that suffering is bearing on feeling
something that is not comfortable in their life that is faced by human being.
According to Munandar (2000:88), there are two kinds of suffering based on the
causes. The first, suffering was caused by physics such as natural disaster, disease and
death.
The second, the mental reason, suffering is caused by environmental and social
situations which are evaluated as potentially harmful, and controllable. The situations or
events that cause sufferings are changes in one’s life, exercise, noise, frustration and
job, social or family pressure.
Both of them can meet each other. If the person gets the mental reason it seems
no worry. But if it continues embed of someone, it will destroy her endurance. The
researcher find the mental reason of eat, pray, love novel by Elizabeth Gilbert. There is
some suffering that appears of the study as follow; psychosomatic of main character,
“Depression and loneliness have barged into my life again, and I just took my last
Wellbutrin three days ago.” (P – 68) the explanation impacted of main character of the
study, “I am schizo” (P – 69) and others impacts of main character’s suffering.
Consequently, mental reason is a suffering is caused by environmental and social
situations which are evaluated as potentially harmful, and controllable.
According to Spencer A. Rathus and Jefrey S. Nevid of their book “Psychology
Abnormal” (2003:70) mentions the psychosocial and environmental problems become
some categories
Category Problem Cases
Problems with Primary
support groups
Death of family members; Marital disruption in the
form of separation, divorce, or estrangement;
sexual or physical violence within the family;
neglect of children; birth siblings
Problems related to social
environment
Death or loss of a friend; living alone or social
isolation; the difficulty in adjusting the new culture
(acculturation)
Problems relating to Illiterate; academic difficulties
education
Employment problems excessive workload, problems with labor leaders,
changes in employment; the threat of job losses
Housing problems homeless, living in an unsafe environment
Economic problems Poverty
Problems with access to
health services
Health services are inadequate or no health
insurance availability
Problems relating to the
legal system
Arrest or imprisonment; involved in a lawsuit or a
court; victims of crime
Psychosocial and other
environmental problems
natural disasters or man-made disasters; counselor;
hostilities; doctors
The problems above are relating one’s progresses that will impacts of their life.
Some experts who deal with mental symptoms or psychiatrics argued that the problems
above endanger on human health. Someone who gain one problems above will be
behave abnormally due to a mental attack from their environment. Abnormal behavior
affects almost everyone in different ways. Abnormal behavior patterns that include
psychological dysfunction or behavioral disorders are classified by mental health
experts as a psychological disorder or mental disorder.
Mental disorders can be cured with treatments such as taking medication - drugs,
yoga or improve the spiritual, writing in the diary for the lower stimulation, and others.
It can be without help from psychiatric and for improving spiritual must have a teacher
for guiding us be a seeker.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter the researcher gives development of the thesis. The researcher
uses the descriptive qualitative research design as the method. The chapter will discuss
which related research design; approach; the objective of study; data collection; and
data analysis. Consequently, the researcher explains their area of the chapter three not
only on the outer surface but also what is more important the essence of it such as give
flowchart or conceptual framework to make easily and more complete describing of the
thesis.
3.1. Research Design
This study used descriptive qualitative research design. Descriptive qualitative
research studies are designed “to obtain information concerning with the current status
of phenomena. They are directed toward determining the nature of a situation as it
exists at the time of the study”(Ary, Donald, 1986 – 295). The researcher of this thesis
tries to analyze this study descriptively that emphasized on the suffering of the main
character’s suffering in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love. In short, this thesis is
grouped of causal network in the analysis problem. Relating of the problem with two
events, it is often hard to call one a “cause” and the other an “effect. The variables
control each other in a loop. It starts to analytic sequence with a cause that triggers
susegqent events, but they come back and modify the original “cause” to identify.
According in Nyoman (2009: 48) the most characteristics of qualitative method
as follows; giving primary attention on meanings and messages, according the nature
of object, namely as cultural study; more priority to the process compared with the
result of research so that meaning is always changing; there is no distance between
subject researcher with the research object, the subject research is the instrument,
resulting in a direct interaction between them; and so on.
The researcher also used certain technique to get the data that is library
research. It was used to get the information about the problem that has correlation with
this study in the form of books, encyclopedia and dictionary.
3.2 Data Source
In appreciating Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel, “Eat Pray Love” the researcher of the
thesis used the data source. It will make easily for the readers and other researchers to
find out whatever the research did to research this study.
Source data in the literature is the work, words, sentences and discourse.
(Pro.Dr. Nyoman: 47)
3.3 Approach
According to Abrams (1981), a literary approach consists of four divisions; they
are mimetic, pragmatic, expressive and objective approach.
3.3.1 Objective Approach
This approach tries to study literature work itself, without relating to the
author’s life, background of society or background of the work.
3.3.2 Mimetic Approach
This approach views the literary work as an imitation or reflection of the
world and human life. From this classic theory comes the view that a work of
literary in some ways imitates the work of civilization in which it was produced.
3.3.3 Pragmatic Approach
This approach views the work as something which is constructed in order
to achieve a certain effect on the audience (the effect such as arouse their
emotion, perhaps argues for ideas that charge minds) and it tends to judge the
value of the work according to its success in achieving that aim.
3.3.4 Expressive Approach
This approach treats a literary work primarily in relation to the author,
the expression of the author’s feeling and emotion, or as the product of author’s
imagination operating on his or her perceptions
The researcher chosen objective approach to described and developed the thesis.
It made easily of the thesis and also the researcher more focused to the thesis. The
researcher would research by objective approach. The researcher of this thesis studied
about novel itself was without relating to the author’s life, background of society or
background to the worked and focused on analysis suffering of the main character only.
3.4 The Object of the Study
The object of the study in this thesis was in the novel “Eat Pray Love” written
by Elizabeth Gilbert. The discussing this thesis was focused on the main character’s
suffering. Based on the research design the researcher used descriptive qualitative
research design.
In other side, the object of the qualitative of literature is in the data source of
literature. The data source of literature is the works, words, sentences, and discourse.
The researcher of this study also researches by using physics or social science. It is
about ideographic paradigm and the object is theme, plot, aspect of aesthetics,
discourse, and so on, still considered to be concrete. According in Nyoman (2004 ; 39)
there are two kinds research, they are field research and library research. The researcher
used library research Generally speaking the library research researches especially as
text.
3.5 Data Collection
The data of this study were words, sentences, and discourses of the novel that
deal with suffering. The data have been selected of this study are as follows:
1. Reading and understand the ‘Eat Pray Love’ novel, written by Elizabeth
Gilbert.
2. Understanding the theme and characters, and focusing on Liz’s suffering in
Elizabeth Gilbert’s ‘Eat Pray Love” novel
3. Choosing data dealing with the problem which is going to be investigated.
4. Selecting data dealing with the purpose of this study on the novel.
5. Conducting to examine towards paragraph or dialogues in the novel
3.6 Causal Network
This thesis form is relating with causal network, when it display of the suffering
as problem. The field of causal network is analysis problem. This thesis analyze the
problems of Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love. According to Miles and
Huberman in Qualitative data analysis (151) about analysis problem is field research is
a process of progressive focusing and funneling. As data are collected, we can see, more
and more clearly, factors that bring those apparent flotsam and jetsam of local events
into a meaningful pattern. In their book Qualitative Data Analysis (152) involve an
expert named Weick (1979), in his outlines another problem. When you have two
related events, it is often hard to call one a “cause” and the other an “effect.” The
variables control each other in a loop. You can start you analytic sequence with a cause
that triggers subsequent events, but they come back and modify the original “cause” you
had identified.
3.7. Data Analysis
The research of the data analysis gave flowchart or conceptual framework to make
easily corrected the data of the thesis. The conceptual framework was in the thesis used
make
Miles and Huberman (1992:2) based on their book as the qualitative data second
edition.
Interpretation of the Predicting to process Analyzing data to organize
The object data selecting data as text accordance with the goal
conclusion
To analyze the data, the following steps were liked a flowchart above:.
1. Reviewing the data that have been collected.
2. Predicting the data dealing with the purpose of the study.
3. Analyzing the data that based on the characteristic that refers to main character’s
suffering in Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert.
4. Making useful conclusion, implication, and suggestion for the next decision.
The researcher analyze the data based on the steps above before the researcher
collect the data, the researcher interpreted the data and noted for collecting data would
be researched. Then the data would predicted into some categories and differentiate data
which not related the purpose of the thesis would be removed. The data have been
collected based on the researcher researched a book or novel. Novel which been
researched by the researcher is eat, pray, love by Elizabeth Gilbert. The analyzing of the
data focused of the causes and the impacts of main character’s suffering by Elizabeth
Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love. The data comprised text because human activity was
seen as “text” as collection of symbols expressing layers for meaning. The researcher
Data Collections
Data Reduction
ConclusionData Display
had to be deep understanding, conviction, and conceptual orientation of own research.
Then the research made conclusion, implication, and suggestion for the next decision.
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer of this thesis wants to answer the problems stated in
the statement of problems. They are; what main character’s suffering are, the causes and
the impacts of main character’s suffering are, and how to overcome from main
character’s suffering are. In answering the problem, the researcher not only shows the
proofs as his findings relates to his study through the words, sentences, and discourse
which exist on the story especially on the novel, but also try to give some explanation
4.1. The Main Character’s Suffering
In Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love the main character faced some
problems that made her life suffer. Main characters’ suffering was caused some
problems related main character’s life. Of course, the problems destroy the main
character’s life and they do not make uncomfortable of her feeling until the main
character felt shame, fear, confusion, and grief. The feeling such shame, fear, confusion,
and grief and so on, they are feeling uncomfortable of human being. The suffering itself
is feeling not good, and for describing the suffering just on someone’s felt that is good
or not. Nothing description of forms of suffering, it is only expression of human life
through sad and happy. The causes are background which underlie of the suffering. And
for know that someone’s suffering it was seen from the impacts. The researcher just
displayed the main character’s suffering passed on the some confession and supporting
paragraph in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love.
This novel gives some prior problems impacted of the main character’s life. The
phenomena of problems that make of the main character’s suffering, there are: a failed
marriage and devastating, interminable divorce, followed immediately by a passionate
love affair that ended in sickening heartbreak. An author also gives unfavorable
personality of the main character who is lack about spiritual of the main character’s life.
It is we most sincere, we have interpreted of the phenomena above based on the
novel. It is true that the main character suffered about the prior problem above
destroyed the main character’s life. We will show some phenomena above based of the
novel was formed a text. As a followed
“ I am a professional American woman in my mid – thirties, who has just come through a failed marriage and a devastating, interminable divorce, followed immediately by a passionate love affair that ended in sickening heartbreak.” (T – P: 1 – 1)
An author adds bad example that have done of the main character when the main
character give up of her life until the main character brake out and left her belongings.
And it will give special of this novel. Then, we discuss all of events and actions of the
story or phenomena that will give us some message about the main character’s
suffering. As follow:
4.1.1. Being a Failed Marriage
The main character experienced serious problem that it would destroy the main
character’s life until the main character would be in celibacy of the year tomorrow
after did a failed marriage. It was made the main characters suffered of her life. The
phenomena were background related some causes. There were physical reasons and
the mental reasons that were experienced of the main character. Before we showed
some evidence of causes the main character’s suffering. We would give some
evidence of the main character that was suffered of her marriage. It came as a setting
and action of the main character in bellow:
”I was hiding in the bathroom for something like the forty-seventh consecutive night, and – just as during all those night before – I was sobbing. Sobbing so hard, in fact, that a great lake of tears and snot was spreading before me on the bathroom tiles, a veritable Lake Inferior (if you will) of all my shame and fear and confusion and grief.” (T – P: 2 – 2)
Followed immediately with some confession of the main character in bellow:
“I don’t want to be married anymore.” (T – P: 2 – 3)
It was evidence of the main character that did not want to be in married. In other
words, the main character wanted to rid of her belongings and broke out of her life
before. The main character felt suffered and could not stand with her marriage. By
action and followed her confession, it have proved her suffering of her marriage.
The main character indirectly told that has been a failed marriage.
All the bottom strangeness, we could describe about her suffering of the
phenomenon was in a failed marriage. We would give a confession of the main
character’s suffering of this phenomenon.
“I had actively participated in every moment of the creation of this life – so why did I feel so overwhelmed with duty, tired of being the primary breadwinner and the housekeeper and the social coordinator and the dog – walker and the wife
and the soon-to-be mother, and—somewhere in my stolen moments—a writer…?”(T – P: 2 – 10)
And after this, the same confession above re follow in bellow:
“I don’t want to be married” (T – P: 2 – 11)
The main character felt under pressure about her marriage and it felt suffered.
Not only that but also the main character uncomfortable and felt about her marriage
have been broken. The main character also has fought with her husband in bellow:
“We’d been fighting and crying, and we were weary in that way that only a couple whose marriage is collapsing can be weary. We had the eyes of refuges.” (T – P: 2 – 12)
The main character was very suffered of her marriage. Consequently, the main
character could not stand with her marriage and she would rid all of her belongings.
The main character felt that if I rid all of this, it was over.
4.1.2. Interminable Divorce
After the main character rid all of her belongings and broke out from her
husband, the problem was not over. The phenomenon that the main character has to
be faced and made her suffered was interminable divorce. This phenomenon was
really made her suffered because the main character though after the main character
broke out of her husband, she got be released. The fact, after the main character left
all of her belongings. The main character faced a problem was interminable divorce.
“Months passed. My life hung in limbo as I waited to be released, waited to see what the terms would be. We were living separately (we have moved into our Manhattan apartment), but nothing was resolved” (T – P: 5 – 4)
The confession above stated that the main character did not felt excitement after
the main character left her husband. But she felt suffered because her husband did
not want her to let go easily. It made the main character waited to be released.
“That divorce—long after I’d walked out of my marriage—was still not happening. (T – P: 9 – 5)
After a year and a half the main character left, her husband would discuss about
divorce.
“The spring of 203 brought things to a boiling point. A year and a half after I’d left, my husband was finally ready to discuss terms of a settlement. (T – P: 9 – 7)
A year after a half, it was too long about divorce and also kept her to be
released. Not only would that about the suffering of the main character but also what
prior important of her life be taken from her.
“He wanted cash and the lease on the Manhattan apartment—everything would I’d been offering the whole while. But he was also asking for things I’d never even considered (a stake in the royalties of books I’d written during the marriage, a cut of possible future movie right to my work, a share of my retirement accounts, etc.) and here I had to voice my protest at last.” (T – P: 9 – 7)
It made the main character felt suffer that what of her belongings would be taken
with ex her husband. The main character did not wanted her divorce on the court
because the main character has paid a lawyer and waiting a year on the court. The
statement bellow
“A trial would almost certainly mean that every remaining dime would be lost in legal fees. Worst of all, a trial would mean another year—at least—of all this mess.” (T – P: 9 – 8)
The event was occurred of the main character more complicated and made her
suffered for released. The expression of the main character bellow
“The nervousness I felt during this time was something between waiting to be called into the principal’s office and anticipating the results of a biopsy. I’d love to report that I stayed calm and Zen, but I didn’t. Several nights, in waves of anger, I beat the life out of my couch with a softball bat. Most of the time I was just achingly depressed.” (T – P: 9 – 9)
And everything was over of main character’s mind.
“Our relationship now thoroughly ruined, with even civility destroyed between us, all I wanted anymore was the door.” (T – P: 9 – 7)
Consequently, the main character really wanted to go of her life before.
Everything would be done to rid although the main character would be lost of hers.
“I have quit my job, paid off my divorce settlement and legal bills, given up my house, given up my apartment, put what belongings I had left into storage in my sister’s place and packed up two suitcases.” (T – P: 10 – 2)
The statement above occurred when the main character have done after her
husband signed. And then, the event of the main character would not forget about it
indirectly. The main character still followed her guilt. It was supported in the
paragraph bellow:
“I say this because I’m still working out of that accusation, which was leveled against me many times by my husband as our marriage was collapsing—selfishness.” (T – P: 30 – 3)
The event after the main character left her husband. It can be found in the
paragraph bellow:
“Imagine his surprise to discover that the happiest, most confident woman he’d ever met was actually—when you got her alone—a murky hole of bottomless grief.” (T – P: 5 – 13)
4.1.3. Passionate Love Affair that Ended in Sickening Heartbreak
The main character was lost in her love affair after the main character left her
husband. Sincerely the main character left her husband and for filled her heart, she
fell in love with David. David was existence of this story became supporting
character. But it was supported of this story because the main character has felt in
love with him after she left her husband. It can be found in the paragraph bellow:
“I moved right in with David after I left my husband. “(T – P: 5 – 7)
Moving with David made her more suffer. David did not make the main
character be released of her suffering but he added hurt till impacted of the story.
The expression can be found in the paragraph bellow:
“All the complications and traumas of those ugly divorce years were multiplied by the drama of David—the guy I feel in love with as I was taking leave of my marriage.” (T – P: 5 – 6)
And the confession of the main character that David was a man that expected of
the main character till the main character inflicted upon him my every hope for her
salvation and happiness. And confessions of the main character that David also as
escaping from her marriage. It can be found in the paragraph bellow:
“I clung to David for escape from marriage as If he were the last helicopter pulling out of Saigon. I inflicted upon him my every hope for my salvation and happiness. And, yes, I did love him.” (T – P: 5 – 6)
The main character ever told to her mother about her relationship with David.
But the relationship made her turn smash or suffered. The main character would her
relationship liked her hoping. The conversation with her mother was happened
supported paragraph bellow:
“I told her how much I loved David, but how lonely and heartsick it made me to be with his person who was always disappearing from the room, from the bed, from the planet.” (T – P: 28 – 7)
About the relationship both the main character and David were love each other.
But it was suffered. The quotation can be found in the paragraph bellow:
“It’s just that we couldn’t figure out how to stop making each other desperately, shrieking, soul-punishingly miserable.”(T – P: 28 – 1)
The fact the main character felt heavy to leave David because the main character
very loved with him. However, the main character had to rid her belongings implied
David to find out herself and do her mission passed her journey to three countries.
In India, the main character remembered about her memories with David. It could
be found a fore shadow in the paragraph bellow:
“YOU HAVE NO IDEA HOW STRONG MY LOVE IS!!!!!!” (T – P: 50 – 10)
About the main character’s suffering always some causes which were
background her suffering. It could come from mental reason and physical reason.
Both of them are beginning of her suffering. Of the phenomena above was found
some caused that made main character suffered.
4.2.1 The Causes of the Main Character’s Suffering
The research will explain about the phenomena as the causes of the main
character’s suffering. There are three prior phenomena such as: a failed marriage,
interminable divorce, and a passionate love affair that ended in sickening heartbreak.
4.2.1.1 A Failed Marriage
The phenomenon of a failed marriage suspected some caused that was
beginning. The main character suffered about her a failed marriage and it consisted
from some causes was beginning the phenomenon. Firstly, physical reason where
the main character of the story was difficult to have children. Actually, this family
was always expecting the arrival of a new family of children. It could be found in
paragraph bellow:
“In fact, we’d been trying to get pregnant for a few months already. But nothing had happened.” (T – P: 2 – 8)
The paragraph above was the confession of the main character that the main
character has effort to have children, but nothing happened in her life. It made the
main character suffered. Because of it, the main character got anxiety disorder until
psychosomatic pregnant. It included in the physic reason because it was relation on
her body. The main character was also being breadwinner on her family. And the
main character thought that was not justice of her if the main character had to be
responsible about all of her life. Consequently, the main character has though that
the main character did not want to have children after the main character effort to
have children. The main character turned her thought to release from her anxiety
about it.
After that, the main character also got some mental reason from her husband
such as called her “a mad woman” and “selfish”. The main character was accused
from her husband ask selfish and called a mad woman because her was be in
abnormal behavior.
“He’d already been watching me fall apart for months now, watching me behave
like a madwoman”
“I say this because I’m still working out that accusation, which was leveled against me many times by my husband as our marriage was collapsing—selfishness.” (T – P; 30 – 3)
The underlined words consisted of the sentences above have made the main
character suffered. It was sarcastic mockery was done by her husband. The fact the
main character has resembled of her marriage and some mockery should not come
to her life, much less from her husband.
Her husband also accused main character to care with herself. It came from the
quotation above and there was underlined word as “selfishness”. It meant that the
main character never cared with her husband and about her marriage. The fact, the
main character did not like that based on the Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray,
love. The main character just a professional American woman, a wife, a
breadwinner, and care of household chores. Her husband should not accuse and
mock her.
4.2.1.2 Interminable Divorce
The phenomenon of interminable divorce could become a cause of the main
character’s suffering. The researcher discussed this phenomenon also as one of
cause of the main character’s suffering of the story. It has made the main character
felt suffered, and the background of the cause came from the mental reason from her
husband that her husband would not release hers easily. It could be found in the
quotation bellow:
“At the bottom of that strangeness was the abysmal fact that we were both doing something the other person would never have conceived possible: he never dreamed I would actually leave him, and I never in my wildest imagination though he would make it so difficult for me to go.” (T – P: 2 – 2)
The quotation above was make the main character suffered because her husband
hung in limbo about her status. Obvious the event, the main character wanted to
divorce from him. The main character also wanted rid all of her life before; such as
her marriage. The main character has effort to persuade her husband to be release.
But her idea always failed. The main character has talked frankly about her marriage
that was collapsing and both of them between the main character and her husband
had the eyes of refuges. So, the main charter wanted over of her marriage but based
on the novel her husband made her difficult to go although the main character talked
to him frankly about their marriage. It could be found in paragraph bellow:
“We had dinner in a restaurant. I tried to talk about our separation, but all we did was fight.” (T – P: 5 – 10)
The paragraph above shown the main character has talked with her husband, but
the meeting has failed in fighting. Her husband also said some fault-mouth till made
the main character more suffered. The underline words above have proved that her
idea to persuade her was ended in tremendous fight and some mockery as traitor and
jerk was thrown by her husband.
Not just wait and difficult to get a divorce but also her husband would have all
of her belongings. It could be found in the quotation bellow:
“A year and a half after I’d left, my husband was finally ready to discuss terms of a settlement. Yes, he wanted cash and the house and the lease on the Manhattan apartment—everything I’d been offering the whole while. But he was also asking for things I’d never even considered (a stake in the royalties of books I’d written during the marriage, a cut of possible future movie rights to my work, a share of my retirement accounts, etc).”(T – P: 9 – 8)
Her husband wanted to get royalties of her. It made the main character suffered
until the main character did not know to safe her.
For all them included of interminable divorce related with mental reason that
caused from her husband such as; the main character have waited a long time to
release her marriage and made the main character hung in limbo; the main character
have to pay expensive to be released that means the main character have rid all of
her belongings. The research combined the causes between prior and the
background behind the cause or before the cause be summarized into prior.
4.2.1.3. A Passionate Love Affair that Ended in Sickening Heartbreak
After the main character was faced interminable divorce, then the main character
faced the phenomenon that made her suffered. The phenomenon was a passionate
love affair that ended in sickening heartbreak that was a cause of her suffering. It
could be found in the paragraph bellow:
“David’s sudden emotional back-stepping probably would’ve been a catastrophe for me even under the best of circumstances, given that I am the planet’s most affectionate life form (something like a cross between a golden retriever and barnacle), but this was my very worst of circumstances.” (T – P: 5 – 13)
The causes about David withdrawal of the main character when he found her in
a murky hole bottomless grief. It supported by paragraph bellow:
“Imagine his surprise to discover that the happiest, most confident woman he’d ever met was actually—when you got her alone—a murky hole of bottomless grief. Once again, I could not stop crying. This is when he started to retreat, and that’s when I saw the other side of my passionate romantic hero—the David who was solitary as a castaway, cool to the touch, in need of more personal space than a herd of American bison.” (T – P: 5 – 12)
All of obvious phenomena above were prior problems of the main character. In
other word, it was the causes of her suffering. But, before we described the result of
the causes that was beginning of her suffering related the phenomena. We states that
are some causes the beginning the phenomena. And the researcher has give
description from some causes that also related with the phenomena until impacted
the main character’s life. There are principal suffering is found and had to be related
for supporting the description of the phenomena. The last, the researcher give
evidences that the phenomena above was the prior problems as causes of the main
character’s suffering. It could be found in the paragraph bellow:
“During the last of few years of my life, there was no questions that I was in grave trouble was not lifting quickly. As my marriage dissolved and my drama with David evolved, I’d come to have all the symptoms of a major depression—loss of sleep, appetite and libido, uncontrollable weeping, chronic backaches and stomachaches, alienation, and despair, trouble concentrating on work” (T – P: 17 – 2)“Those had been the toughest months, anyhow—the last months of the divorce, the last ragged months with David.” (T – P: 17 – 12)
4.2.2. The Impacts of the Main Character’s Suffering
The main character got some impacted from her suffering. Before the researcher
find some impacts from her suffering, such as; the main character came to have all the
symptoms of a major depression consisted of loss sleep, appetite and libido, and
uncontrollable weeping; psychosomatics; schizophrenia; and be dependency drugs. For
the impacts of the main character’s suffering the researcher uses a passage to describe
one by one of the impacts through the main character. The main character’s suffering
through some impact. The researcher will discusses them one by one as follow:
4.2.2.1. The Symptoms of A major Depression Suffered
The researcher used a passage to described this because it impacted of the main
character’s life. Depression is specification from mental disorder includes emotional
distress. It is appeared because some caused that make someone suffered. It usually
comes from her environment and psychosocial problems. The researcher has
described about it. Then it includes into category is primary problem with support
groups.
The cases are marital disruption in the form of separation, divorce, and
estrangement. In fact, the main character has faced it in her life until made her
suffered and impacted of her life. After the main character experienced
estrangement with her husband until divorce to over her relation, the main character
got major depressed.
The researcher will explain detailed about the major depression until the main
character did abnormal behavior. Before we will prove on the novel, we have to
known about the major depression. Diagnosis of major depressive disorder is based
on the emergence of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of
manic episodes or hypomanic. In the episode of major depression, the person has
one of the depressed as mood, feeling sad or hopeless. According Jefrey S. Nevid,
Spencer A. Rathus, and Beverly Greene (2003:230) on their tab about the
characteristics which person gets depressed:
Characterizations of
personalThe cases
Change in emotional state
Changes in mood (continuous period of feeling worse, depressed, sad, or gloomy).
Full of tears and crying Increased irritability (irritability), anxiety or
losing patience
Change in motivation
performance
Decreased interest in sex
Change in function and
motor behavior
Changes in sleeping habits such as insomnia
Changes in appetite
Changes in fallow such as reduced body weight
Cognitive change
Negative thinking about oneself.
Feelings of guilt or regret about past mistakes
Now we will find the correlation of the cases with the main character based on
Elizbeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love. It will be proved that the main character
have major depressed as impacts of her suffering. At change emotional that are
some cases liked; changes in mood (continuous period of feeling worse, depressed,
sad, or gloomy); full of tears and crying; increased irritability (irritability), anxiety
or losing patience. It was supported in paragraphs bellow;
“They come upon me all silent and menacing like Pinkerton Detectives, and the flank me—Depression on my left, Loneliness on my right.(T – P: 16 – 2)
They in paragraph above that meant depression and loneliness.
“I was sobbing. Sobbing so hard, in fact, that a great lake of tears and snot was spreading before me on the bathroom tiles, a veritable Lake Inferior (if your will) of all my shame and fear and confusion and grief. (T – P: 2 – 2)
“I’m not talking because I’m on a friggin’ spiritual journey, you nasty like punk—now go AWAY!” (T – P: 107 – 10)
The event of the sentences was underlined occurred when the main character
went to Bali four years ago, before she backed to Bali for recovering her.
At change motivation in performance comprised; decrease interest in sex.
“Some spacey New Age massage therapist told me I should wear orange-colored panties, to rebalance my sexual chakras, and, brother—I actually did it
At change function and motor behavior comprised changes in sleeping habits
such as insomnia, changes in appetite, changes in fallow such as reduced body
weight
“Quickly, in less than a week, I could feel an extra inch of daylight opening in my mind. Also, I could finally sleep. And this was the real gift, because when you cannot sleep, you cannot get yourself out of the ditch—there’s not a chance. The pill gave me those recuperative night hours back and also stopped my hands from shaking and released the vise grip around my chest and the panic alert button from inside my heart.” (T – P: 16 – 11)“I came to Italy pinched and thin” (T – P: 36 – 15)
At cognitive change comprised; negative thinking about oneself and feeling of
guilt or regret about past mistakes.
“Purely as a matter of principle I wouldn’t inflict my sorry, busted-up old self on the lively, unsullied Giovanni.” (T – P: 1 – 2)
“My guilt at having left him forbade me from thinking I should be allowed to keep even a dime of the money I’d made in the last decade.” (T – P: 5 – 3)
For the resume all of this the main character confessed that she got major
depressed because her suffering. It was supported in paragraph bellow;
“I’d come to have all the symptoms of a major depression—loss of sleep, appetite and libido, uncontrollable weeping, chronic backaches and stomachaches, alienation, and despair, trouble concentrating on work” (T – P: 17 – 2)
Consequently, the main character realized about her condition that the main
character got major depression from her suffering. It was impacted of her life.
4.2.2.2 Psychosomatic Suffered
The main character demand psychosomatic after the main character suffered a
physical disorder of her that was difficult to have children. Before we discuss and
prove of the main character get psychosomatic. We are going to explain about
psychosomatic itself. In http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/psychosomatic
psychosomatic is used of illness or symptoms resulting form neuron. It is begun
relating disorder, such as stomachs, thought to be caused on aggravated by
psychological factors such as stress. Psychosomatic itself comprises some kinds,
such as; psychosomatic disorder, psychosomatic pregnant; psychosomatic social;
and so on. Back to the case of the main character in the novel, the research find
psychosomatic of the main character is kinds of psychosomatic disorder as the
impact of her suffering. The main character was anxiety about her condition. We
have discussed her condition that difficult to have children on the passage causes of
the main character because the main character faced the cause the main character
got anxiety of her life until got psychosomatic. It was supported by paragraph
bellow:
“This was supposed to be the year. In fact, we’d been trying to get pregnant for a few months already. But nothing happened (aside from the fact that—in an almost sarcastic mockery of pregnancy—I was experiencing psychosomatic morning sickness, nervously throwing up my breakfast every day).” (T – P; 2 – 7)
The paragraph above explained the truth for the main character life. The main
character got psychosomatic disorder because of her condition was difficult to have
children. Allegedly the cause of the main character was difficult to have children
because her got stress about her marriage. If we took some references of
psychological book exactly on the chapter described stress and disease, we could
found it. The researcher just found of the novel that the main character difficult to
have children until she have been psychosomatic specifically psychosomatic
pregnant was beginning of stress.
4.2.2.3. Schizo Suffered
The main character got schizo properly schizophrenia as impact of her from
suffering along life lately. Schizophrenia almost seems depressed. In other that, the
researcher will discuss deeply about schizophrenia. It is different with depressed.
Schizophrenia is imagined disease. In away, an imagination is not truth. It is only on
someone imagined, though that make no sense and chaotic. This disease likes talked
pass conversation with herself, talked with her diary, and the like. The strangeness
of her activity confessed. It could be found in the paragraph bellow:
“I’ve decided to let myself off the hook from worrying that conversing with myself on paper means I’m a schizo.” (T – P; 18 – 6)
The paragraph above as the confession was from the main character that she
realized about her condition. The researcher will help to the reader to convey the
events occurred of the main character at this moment. Firstly, the main character
talk with herself was found while the main character engrossed with her husband. It
made her suffering until her suffering impact to her life. It was found in paragraph
bellow:
“I don’t want to be married anymore.” I was trying so hard not to know this, but the truth kept insisting itself to me. I don’t want to be married anymore. I don’t want to live in this big house. I don’t want to have a baby. (T – P: 2 – 2)
The situation of the paragraph above was in the bathroom while her husband
was sleeping in our bed, then she went to the bathroom to calm herself. But she was
sad, till sobbing. For a while, she heard some persuade of her minds. Then in other
case, she talked with God. In fact, it was just her imagined.
“What I said to God through my gasping sobs was something like this: “Hello, God. How are you? I’m Liz. It’s nice to meet you” (T – P: 4 – 2)“That’s right—I was speaking to the creator for the universe as though we’d just been introduced at a cocktail party. (T – P: 4 – 3) It’s so funny when the main character felt talking with God. Obviously of the
event, the main character has talked with her. Unconsciously, the main character did
it every night until she believed some suggestions came from God. It was supported
in paragraph bellow;
“Then I heard a voice.” (T – P: 4 – 8)“The voice said: Go back to bed, Liz” (T – P: 4 – 9)
The quotations above that the main character talked with herself and heard from
her conscience. After that, the researcher of this thesis would give different
abnormal behavior of the main character.
“So what I do for tonight is reach for my most private notebook, which I keep next to my bed in case I’m ever in emergency trouble. I’m open it up. I find the first blank page, I write: “I need your help.” Then I wait. After a little while, a response comes in my own handwriting:I’m right here. What can I do for you?”(T – P: 18 -1)
4.2.2.4. Drug Dependency Suffered
The researcher find drug dependency as the impact of the main character’s
suffering. The main character depend with the drugs that made her be calm while at
the time the main character got panic, loss of sleep, major depressed, and so on.
The main character started consuming drugs when Susan called psychiatrist to
save the main character occurring hurt herself. It could be found in the paragraph
bellow:
“I huddle in a ball while Susan made the phone calls and found me a psychiatrist who would give me a consultation that very day, to discuss the possibility of prescribing antidepressants. I listed to Susan’s one-sided conversation with the doctor, listened to her say, “I’m afraid my friend is going to seriously hurt herself.”
After Susan called psychiatric, the psychiatric gave some drug to the main
character. It was supporter in paragraph bellow:
“He put me on a few different drugs—Xanax, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, Bu Spar—until we found the combination that didn’t make me nauseated or turn my libido into a dim and distant memory.”(T – P:
The main character consumed drugs while the psychiatric gave him some drugs
for making her be normal. So, the main character consumed drugs, after that she got
dependency with it as the effect of drugs. The researcher would research the kinds
of drugs that meant the function of each drugs were consumed by main character. In
Jefrey S. Nevid, Spencer A. Rathus, and Beverly Greene of their book explain drugs
and the function of it. Based on their tab about the kinds of drug (2003 – 124) zoloft
and welbutrin included the drugs for threat someone got depressed. In other words,
the drugs antidepressant of third categories of drugs at antidepressant (selective
serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs), have more specific effect of brain function.
The other drugs were xanax and bu spar. The kinds of drugs were into anxiety drugs
categories. It could threat someone got anxiety liked panic.
After the researcher of this thesis explained the kinds of drugs and the function,
the researcher would combine to the main character in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat,
pray, love. Relation with the main character, the main character used it for
recovering as impacts from her suffering. Although drugs made her quick heal. But
the effects of drugs were danger and destroy our brain tomorrow. Based on the story
the main character was adaptive with drugs or dependency drugs. It could be found
in the paragraph bellow:
“I’d stopped taking my medication only a few days earlier. It had just seemed crazy to be taking antidepressants in Italy. How could I be depressed her? ” (T – P; 7 – 1)
The underlined words proved that the main character wanted to stop consuming
drugs. In fact, the main character could not it.
4.3. The Resolving of the main character’s suffering.
How to overcome of the main character’s suffering? That’s the question to give
resolve of the main character’s suffering based on the Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat,
pray, love. The researcher of this thesis will prove whatever the main character does for
releasing from her suffering. Every problem have solved in this life. And based on the
novel explained about the main character did long journey for giving her solve of her
problem. The main character has chosen three countries that would be visited. There
were Italy, India, and Indonesia. It was supported in paragraph bellow:
“So I stopped trying to choose—Italy? India? Or Indonesia?—and eventually just admitted that I wanted to travel to all of them. Four months in each place. A year in total.”(T – P: 9 – 4)
From the paragraph above the main character has chosen and determined the
time at each countries. The main character also has mission in each countries would be
visited.
“It was more that I wanted to thoroughly explore on aspect of myself set again’ the backdrop of each country, in a place that has traditionally done that one thing very well. I want to explore the art of pleasure in Italy, the art of devotion in India and, in Indonesia the art of balancing the two. (T – P: 9 – 4)
The story was telling properly about her journey to find the pleasure for
recovering all of her problems before.
4.3.1. Italy
For the first, the main character came to Italy. The main character has chosen
Italy to recover her suffering. The main character supposed speak Italy was an art of
pleasure and day of the day in Italy, The main character just did speak Italy. She
also tried for it such as; she would find tandem exchange, join Italian class in
Leonardo Da Vinci, and more practical through talk to talk with the societies.
Actually there is one aspect of the main character was in Italy based of the
novel. It was eating. Italy has many beautiful foods to eat. All of day in Italy, the
main character hunted the Italian food till the main character just told about this
pleasure of the novel.
The researcher of the study will prove whatever the main character did in Italy.
All of this, the researcher just found the major events of the main character in Italy.
There were speaking and eating. It was supported on the paragraph bellow:
“I found that all I really wanted was to eat beautiful food and to speak as much beautiful Italian as possible. That was it. So I declared a double major, really—in speaking and in eating (with a concentration on gelato). (T – P: 21 – 11)“The amount of pleasure this eating and speaking brought to me was inestimable, and yet so simple.” (T – P: 21 – 12)
All of pleasure in Italy were speaking and eating. It gave the main character be
finding than before. The main character gained pleasure that meant the main
character could make her recovered from her suffering. The messages of the events
were do it the pleasure by yours. Consequently, the main character felt be fin than
before. It was supported in paragraph bellow:
“I came to Italy pinched and thin, I did not know yet what I deserved. I still maybe don’t fully know what I deserve. But I do know that I have collected myself of late—through the enjoyment of harmless pleasures—into somebody much more intact. The easiest, most fundamentally human way to say it is that I have put on weight. I exist more now than I did four months ago. I will leave Italy noticeably bigger than when I arrived here. And I will magnification of one life—is indeed an act of worth in this world. Even if that life, just this one time, happens to be nobody’s but my own. (T – P: 36 – 14)
4.3.2. India
After the main character visited Italy four months, the main character continued
her journey to India. There is no pleasure in there. But India has been special
country for spiritual devotion to find yourself, who is you? And what do you want?
The main character visited India for devotion. The main character also wanted to
find God of her. It meant that the main character wanted God healed herself from
her suffering.
The way all of this, the main character came to Ashram. Ashram was a tiny little
village in the middle of nowhere in India. The main character did all of devotion by
yoga. Actually the main character has done it before in NewYork. Th main character
also knew Yoga from David.
The researcher of this study will explain about yoga and whatever the function
of Yoga. Yoga is done by meditation. According Vivekananda (2006:72) Yoga is
the way be seekers. The searching has started and ended with love. The technique of
yoga passes mediation. The meditation is trying to think an object, silence at the
special point such as head, heart, and so on. It is highest condition for thinking.
Lately, Yoga has been believed by psychiatrist could treat someone got depressed
and stress. Psychiatrist used it for decreasing stimulation. According Jefrey S.
Nevid, Spencec A. Rathus, Beverly Greene (2003:150) talked about it. Stress causes
the body's responses such as excessive levels of sympathetic stimulation laden
system, which if becomes persistent can damage our ability to function optimally
and the possible increases risk of diseases associated with stress. Psychological
Treatment has been shown to reduce body stimulation condition is caused by stress.
In the following description, we present two psychological methods that have been
widely used to reduce the shock:
Meditation consists of several ways to narrow the awareness to reduce the
stressors of the outside world. This can help solving problems, worries, planning,
and routine concerns delayed, consequently reduced levels of sympathetic
stimulation.
Back to the main character based on Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love.
The main character wanted to threat herself until she toke a long journey and visited
in India. All of her journey in India has doe by her to threat herself pass spiritual
devotion. The way of the spiritual devotion has done by yoga and it only did in
small village Ashram, India. It was supported in paragraph bellow:
“Finally noticing this train of thought I was aghast, I thought: Here you are in India, in an Ashram in one of the holiest pilgrimage sites on earth. And instead of communing with the divine, you’re trying to plan where you’ll be meditating a year from now in a home that doesn’t yet exist in a city yet to be determined. How about this, you spastic fool—how about you try to meditate right here, right now, right where you actually are? (T – P: 56 – 3)
The main character did all of her life in India by yoga. The sentence above was
the evidence of her that the main character had to meditation all of her life occurring
in India until at the last day. At the last day, the main character still meditated at the
night long until dawn day for continuing her journey in other country, Indonesia. It
was supported in the quotation bellow:
“I pack my bag and leave it by the temple gate, so I can be ready to grab it and go when the taxi arrives before dawn. And then I walk up the hill, I go into the meditation cave and I sit.” (T – P: 71 -2)
All of the main character did in India could threat her impacted her mind. The
main character felt quite contentment and more fine than before. It was supported in
quotation bellow:
“Other times I experience a sweet, quiet contentment, and that is fine, too. The sentences still from in my mind, and thoughts still do their little shoe-off dance, but I know my thought patterns so well now that they don’t bother me anymore.” (T – P: 68 – 6)
4.3.3 Indonesia
The main character visited Indonesia for the last journey. In Indonesia the main
character studied the art of balance between worldly enjoyment and spiritual
transcendence. The main character supposed of her mind that Bali was beautiful
place and if could make her be released liked in heaven. The main reason of the
main character has visited Bali because of Ketut. Ketut was a medicine man. He
foretold about the main character’ life tomorrow and told that the main character
usually visit in Bali. Because the events, the main character has chosen Bali and
included of her journey list. The main character believed with Ketut, and foretold
form him was happen of her life such as: a medicine man told to the main character
about her finance after her divorce: it was supported in paragraph bellow\
“Ketut nodded as if to say, Yeah, that sounds about right. “But don’t worry,” he said. “After you lose all your money, you will get it all right back again” (T – P: 8 – 16)
The paragraph above has been told by Ketut at the main character visited to Bali
two years ago while of her suffering moment. And foretold was from Ketut was
happened of her life. It was supported in paragraph bellow:
“I have quit my job, paid off my divorce settlement and legal bills, given up my house, given up my apartment, put what belongings I had left into storage in my sister’s place and packed up two suitcases. My year of traveling has commenced. And I can actually afford to do this because of staggering personal miracle: in advance my publisher has purchased the book I shall write about my travels. It all turned out, in other words, just as the Indonesia n medicine man had predicted. I would lose all my money and it would be replaced immediately—or at least enough of it to buy me a year of life.” (T – P: 10 – 2)
Now, the main character came again to Bali after two years ago. The main
character had mission in Bali to study the art of balance. The main character studied
for the first time with Ketut as a medicine man. Ketut explained about the balance
between worldly enjoyment and divine transcendence. For a while, the main
character felt about her mission almost be her target. It was supported in paragraph
bellow:
“I’ve been here only a few weeks and I feel a rather mission-accomplished sensation already.” (T – P: 87 – 2)
The quotation above explained the main character felt on her target of her
journey in Bali. In Bali, the main character felt in love with someone. He was
Fellipe as a merchant from Brazil. In fact, the main character could not felt in love
because some reasons, such as; the main character felt would hurt her new dear as
the negative thinking; the main character also still loved with David. But in Bali,
everything has been change. Maybe foretold from Ketut was true, that she usually
visited in Bali. The main character told about new romantic love with Fellipe of her
novel.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
In the chapter five, the researcher gives conclusion and suggestion of the thesis.
They will help the readers and other researchers are insight of the study to gain the
message of the purpose of the thesis. The researcher has explained all of the purpose
and whatever the researcher explain on the paragraph before. Hopefully it will help
others be more understand the target of the study. The explanations of the conclusion
and the suggestion will be display by paragraph form.
5.1. Conclusion
In this study the researcher stresses on the main character’s suffering in
Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love, form the result of data analysis. The following
findings are obtained:
The main character felt her life suffered because she experienced some
phenomena that made her suffered. There were; a failed marriage, interminable divorce,
followed immediately by a passionate love affair that ended in sickening heartbreak.
They became the causes of the main character’s suffering. The main character’s
suffering has been displayed on the chapter before. The display of the main character’s
suffering has been shown by confession way of the main character and supported from
some paragraphs. The paragraphs only showed that the main character felt suffered
when she faced the phenomena above as the causes of her suffering.
The phenomena was also associated with a casual and effect behind them. There
were mental reason and physical reason that have made the main character’s suffering.
Although the phenomena related with the beginning became causes. The phenomena
above were prior causes that made the main character suffered. Because of many
causes of her life that was not excitement. The main character experienced that was not
felt pleasant as usual. The main character became shame, depressed, worried, grief, and
the like. They were made the main character became suffered of her life.
Because of that, the main character undergone a radical steps, and got rid all of
her belongings to found out her nature set up the background of a culture that has
traditionally done that one thing very well. Moreover, the main character did for
refreshing also therapy such as in Italy she studied the art of pleasure; In India, studied
the art of devotion; and the last studied for the art of balance between enjoyment
worldly and spiritual transcendence. In other words, the journey of the main character
had mission of each country to reveal from her causes that have made her suffered.
The ending of the main character’s suffering was that after the main character
toke her journey to three countries; Italy, India, and Indonesia. She got result that she
was different than before seemed for her behave, until successful to finish her book.
Moreover, the main character was not afraid to love again establish and she have made
relationship with Felipe as her boyfriend.
5.2. Suggestion
After analyzing Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel eat, pray, love, the researcher give
suggestions for the readers, the suggestion that can be given are:
The researcher hopes that this study could be useful for the students of literature,
and also the study could give an example for student in analyzing of a novel.
To enlarge and to sharpen the knowledge of the novel, it is suggested that the
reader of this thesis, especially who are interested in reading literary work, can carry out
further study concerning another part of eat, pray, love.
Biograpy of The Author
Gilbert was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. Her father was a chemical
engineer, her mother a nurse. Along with her only sister, novelist and historian
Catherine Gilbert Murdock, Gilbert grew up on a small family Christmas tree farm in
Litchfield, Connecticut. The family lived in the country with no neighbors, and they
didn’t own a TV or even a record player. Consequently, they all read a great deal, and
Gilbert and her sister entertained themselves by writing little books and plays.[3]
Gilbert earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from New York
University in 1991, after which she worked as cook, a waitress, and a magazine
employee. She wrote of her experience as a cook on a dude ranch in short stories, and
also briefly in her book The Last American Man (Viking 2002).
Esquire published Gilbert's short story "Pilgrims" in 1993, under the headline,
"The Debut of an American Writer". She was the first unpublished short story writer to
debut in Esquire since Norman Mailer. This led to steady work as a journalist for a
variety of national magazines including, SPIN, GQ, The New York Times Magazine,
Allure, Real Simple, and Travel + Leisure. As stated in the memoir, Eat, Pray, Love,
Gilbert made a career as a highly-paid freelance writer.
Her 1997 GQ article, "The Muse of the Coyote Ugly Saloon", a memoir of
Gilbert's time as a bartender at the very first Coyote Ugly table dancing bar located in
the East Village section of New York City, was the basis for the feature film Coyote
Ugly. She adapted her 1998 GQ article, "Eustace Conway is Not Like Any Man You've
Ever Met", into a biography of the modern naturalist, The Last American Man. It
received a nomination for the National Book Award in non-fiction. "The Ghost", a
profile of Hank Williams III published by GQ in 2000, was included in Best American
Magazine Writing 2001.
SYNOPSIS
Around the time Elizabeth Gilbert turned thirty, she went through an early-
onslaught midlife crisis. She had everything an educated, ambitious American woman
was supposed to want—a husband, a house, a successful career. But instead of feeling
happy and fulfilled, she was consumed with panic, grief, and confusion. She went
through a divorce, a crushing depression, another failed love, and the eradication of
everything she ever thought she was supposed to be.
To recover from all this, Gilbert took a radical step. In order to give herself the
time and space to find out who she really was and what she really wanted, she got rid of
her belongings, quit her job, and undertook a yearlong journey around the world—all
alone. Eat, Pray, Love is the absorbing chronicle of that year. Her aim was to visit three
places where she could examine one aspect of her own nature set against the backdrop
of a culture that has traditionally done that one thing very well. In Rome, she studied the
art of pleasure, learning to speak Italian and gaining the twenty-three happiest pounds of
her life. India was for the art of devotion, and with the help of a native guru and a
surprisingly wise cowboy from Texas, she embarked on four uninterrupted months of
spiritual exploration. In Bali, she studied the art of balance between worldly enjoyment
and divine transcendence. She became the pupil of an elderly medicine man and also
fell in love the best way—unexpectedly.
An intensely articulate and moving memoir of self-discovery, Eat, Pray, Love is
about what can happen when you claim responsibility for your own contentment and
stop trying to live in imitation of society’s ideals. It is certain to touch anyone who has
ever woken up to the unrelenting need for change.
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