TRNG I HC NGOI THNG

1

B mn Vn ti v bo him trong NT

B CU HI THI VN PMN: VN TI V GIAO NHN TRONG NGOI THNGI. Chng 1. Vn ti v mua bn quc tCu 1: Ti sao vn ti l ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit?

p n:

VT l mt qu trnh tc ng lm thay i v mt khng gian ca i tng chuyn ch

Khng sng to ra sn phm vt cht mi Sn phm vn ti khng d tr cCu 2: Trnh by phn loi vn ti

p n:

Cn c vo phm vi phc v:Vn ti ni b; Vn ti cng cng

Cn c vo i tng phc v: Vn ti hnh khch; Vn ti hng ha; Vn ti hn hp

Cn c vo phm vi hot ng: Vn ti ni a; Vn ti quc t Cn c vo khong cch vn chuyn: Vn ti gn; Vn ti xa Cn c vo mi trng hot ng: Vn ti thy; Vn ti ng b; Vn ti hng khng; Vn ti ng ng Cn c vo hnh trnh vn chuyn: Vn ti n phng thc (Unimodal transport); Vn ti i sut (Through transport); Vn ti hn hp (Combined transport)Cu 3: Tc dng ca vn ti

p n:

Phc v cho i sng kinh t x hi: sn xut; tiu dng; lu thng; an ninh quc phng

L cu ni gia cc vng min

Phc v cho du lch quc t

L th trng tiu thu sn phm ca cc ngnh kinh t khc: ng tu, ch to t, sn xut my bay.

To cng n vic lm cho x hi, tng tng sn phm quc dn.Cu 4: nh ngha v c im ca vn ti:p n:

nh ngha:

+ Theo ngha rng: l mt quy trnh k thut ca bt k s di chuyn v tr no ca vt phm v con ngi.+ Theo ngha hp: l s di chuyn v tr ca hnh khch v hng ho trong khng gian khi tho mn ng thi 2 tnh cht: l mt hot ng sn xut vt cht v l mt hot ng kinh t c lp c im:

+ L mt ngnh sn xut vt cht ca x hi: quy trnh sn xut c s kt hp ca 3 yu t: sc lao ng; cng c lao ng; i tng lao ng + L ngnh sn xut vt cht c bit ca x hi

L mt qu trnh tc ng lm thay i v mt khng gian ca i tng chuyn ch;

Khng sng to ra sn phm vt cht mi Sn phm vn ti khng d tr cCu 5: Phn tch mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t

p n:

Khi nim vn ti quc t: l hnh thc chuyn ch hng ho hoc hnh khch gia 2 hay nhiu nc vi nhau; im u v im cui nm trn lnh th ca 2 nc khc nhau. Mi quan h gia vn ti v bun bn quc t

+ Cc ph vn ti nh hng n gi hng cho bn

+ Vn ti quc t lm thay i c cu hng ho v c cu th trng XNK

+ Vn ti quc t nh hng trc tip n cn cn thanh ton ca mt nc.

Cu 6: Quyn vn ti l g? Trnh by c s phn chia quyn vn ti trong ngoi thng Bp n:

Khi nim quyn vn ti:

+ Trch nhim t chc vic vn chuyn + Trch nhim thanh ton trc tip cc ph + Quyn thu tu: khi hng ha XNK c chuyn ch bng ng bin C s phn chia quyn vn ti:Cch 1: Cn c vo quyn vn ti hay quyn thu tu

+ Nhm 1:Phn ln trch nhim VT thuc v ngi NK: EXW (Ex Works), FCA (Free Carrier).

+ Nhm 2: Phn ln trch nhim VT thuc v ngi XK: CPT (Carriage Paid to), CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to), DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid), DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)+ Nhm 3: Trch nhim VT c phn chia mt phn thuc v ngi XK, mt phn thuc v ngi NK: FAS (Free Alongside Ship), FOB (Free On Board), CFR ( Cost and Freight), CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), DES (Delivered Ex Ship), DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay), DAF (Delivered At Frontier).Cch 2: cn c vo chng vn ti chnh

+ Nhm E: gm duy nht iu kin EXW, ng NK dnh quyn VT chng chnh, mi phng thc

+ Nhm F: gm cc iu kin FCA, FAS, FOB

+ Nhm C: gm cc iu kin CFR, CPT, CIP, CIF

+ Nhm D: gm cc iu kin DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP, DAF

Cu 9: Phn tch nhng li ch khi ginh c quyn vn ti

p n: Ch ng t chc chuyn ch, m phn, k kt hp ng vn ti

La chn ngi chuyn ch, tuyn ng, phng thc chuyn ch c li cho mnh nu hp ng mua bn khng quy nh c th Ch ng trong vic giao nhn v vn chuyn hng ho Tn dng c i tu bun v phng tin vn ti trong nc nhm tng thu v gim chi ngoi t

Cu 10: Phn tch nhng trng hp khng nn ginh quyn vn ti

Trng hp 1: kh thu hoc khng thu c phng tin VT (thiu ngoi t, khng bit cch thu, cc ph tng so vi thi gian k hp ng mua bn)

Trng hp 2: S chnh lch gia gi FOB v gi CFR, gi FCA v gi CPT l khng c li

Trng hp 3: qu cn bn hoc qu cn mua mt loi hng no trong khi i phng mun dnh quyn vn ti

Trng hp 4: do lut php tng nc hay phong tc tp qun ca cngII. Chng 2. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng ng binCu 11: u nhc im ca vn ti bin?

u im:

Tuyn ng hu ht l t nhin, khng tn km chi ph u t

Nng lc chuyn ch ln

Chi ph chuyn ch thp

Ph hp chuyn ch hu h cc mt hng trong bun bn QTNhc im:

Ri ro cao

Tc thp

Cu 13: Nu khi nim cng bin, chc nng cng bin, cc trang thit b c bn ca mt cng binCu 14: Khi nim tu bun v cc cch phn loi tu bun Khi nim tu bun: tu bin hot ng v mc ch kinh doanh kim li nhun

Cc cch phn loi tu bun: theo mc ch hot ng, theo phm vi hot ng,..Cu 15: c trng kinh t k thut tu bun ng k tu

Quc tch/ c tu

Mn nc

Tui tu

Dung tch

Trng ti

H s xp hng

Cu 16: Mn nc ca tu: khi nim v ngha?

Khi nim mn nc

ngha:

Cu 17: C tu l g? ngha ca vic cm c thng v cm c phng tinKhi nim c tu

Cc loi c tu: c tu thng v c phng tin

ngha ca vic cm c thng v c phng tin

Cu 18: Khi nim v ngha ca h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu Khi nim h s xp hng

Cc loi h s xp hng: h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu

ngha ca h s xp hng ca hng v h s xp hng ca tu

Cu 19: Khi nim, c im v phng thc thu tu ch Khi nim: tu chy trn tuyn ng c nh, gh vo nhng cng nht nh theo lch trnh nh trc

- c im: Cu 20: Trnh by khi nim ca phng thc thu tu ch v trnh t cc bc thu tu.

Khi nim

Cc bc thu tu: 6 bc

Cu 21: Khi nim v cc chc nng vn n ng binKhi nim: l chng t vn ti ng bin, do ngi chuyn ch cp cho ngi gi hng khi nhn hng xp hoc khi xp hng ln tu

Chc nng:

Bng chng ca hp ng vn ti c k kt

Bin lai nhn hng ch ca ngi chuyn ch

Chng t s hu hng ha Cu 22: Phn bit gia vn n xp hng ln tu v vn n nhn hng xp.

Vn n xp: hng ha thc s c xp ln tu, chng minh ngi bn hon thnh trch nhim giao hng. Ngn hng chp nhn thanh tonVn n nhn hng xp: hng ha cha c xp ln tu , khng chng minh c ngi bn hon thnh trch nhim giao hng. Ngn hng khng chp nhn thanh ton

Cu 23: Phn bit vn n ch danh, vn n theo lnh, vn n v danh.

Vn n ch danh: ghi ch danh tn ngi nhn hng trn vn n, khng chuyn nhng c

Vn n theo lnh: khng ghi ch danh tn ngi nhn hng trn vn n, c th chuyn nhng c bng cch k hu chuyn nhng

Vn n v danh: khng ghi tn ngi nhn hng trn vn n hoc ghi to bearer, c th chuyn nhng c bng cch trao tay

Cu 24: K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti l g? C nhng cch k hu chuyn nhng no?

K hu chuyn nhng chng t vn ti: K vo mt sau ca chng t vn ti, th hin r ch chuyn ton b quyn s hu hng ha c tn trn chng t vn ti cho ngi khc

Cc cch k hu: k hu ch danh, k hu theo lnh, k hu v danh

Cu 25: Phn bit vn n i thng, vn n ch sut, vn n (chng t) vn ti a phng thc (vn ti lin hp)

Vn n i thng: dng mt cng c vn ti, khng cho php chuyn ti

Vn n ch sut: dng mt cng c vn ti, c php chuyn ti sang cng c vn ti khc (cng phng tin vn ti)

Vn n vn ti a phng thc: s dng trn 2 cng c vn ti, mt chng t vn ti, mt ngi chu trch nhim trong sut qu trnh vn ti

Cu 27: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo Quy tc Hague.

Thi hn trch nhim: t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n

C s trch nhim

+ 3 trch nhim: Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin; Trch nhim thng mi i vi hng ha; Cung cp vn n

+ 17 min trch: li hng vn; thin tai; tai nn bt ng trn bin; chin tranh; nh cng, bo ng ni lon ca dn chng; hn ch do kim dch cm dch ng thc vt; lnh cm gi, bt gi ca vua cha, ta n, chnh quyn a phng nc s ti; n t, ni t ca hng; do cu hoc c cu sinh mng ca ngi v ti sn trn bin; Do li ca ch hng; do bao b khng y , khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ha; k m hiu khng y d, khng r rng v nhng trng hp tn tht khc ca hng ha m ngi chuyn ch chng minh c mnh v nhng ngi lm cng cho mnh khng c li

- Gii hn trch nhim: c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 100 GBP/ n v hng ha, cc bn c tha thun 1 s tin bi thng khc nhng khng c thp hn 100 GBP

Cu 28: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo Quy tc Hague-Visby.

Thi hn trch nhim: t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n

C s trch nhim

+ 3 trch nhim: Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin; Trch nhim thng mi i vi hng ha; Cung cp vn n

+ 17 min trch: li hng vn; thin tai; tai nn bt ng trn bin; chin tranh; nh cng, bo ng ni lon ca dn chng; hn ch do kim dch cm dch ng thc vt; lnh cm gi, bt gi ca vua cha, ta n, chnh quyn a phng nc s ti; n t, ni t ca hng; do cu hoc c cu sinh mng ca ngi v ti sn trn bin; Do li ca ch hng; do bao b khng y , khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ha; k m hiu khng y d, khng r rng v nhng trng hp tn tht khc ca hng ha m ngi chuyn ch chng minh c mnh v nhng ngi lm cng cho mnh khng c li

- Gii hn trch nhim: c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 10.000 FrC vng/ n v hng ha, 30 FrC vng/ Kg hng ha hoc 666,67 SDR/ n v, 2 SDR/Kg (theo Ngh th Visby 1968) ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng

Cu 29: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha theo Quy tc Hamburg.

Thi hn trch nhim: t khi nhn n khi giao

+ Ngi chuyn ch nhn hng khi:

+ Ngi chuyn ch giao hng khi:

C s trch nhim: theo nguyn tc suy on li. Khng quy nh trch nhim v min trch. Ngi chuyn ch c min trch khi cu ngi v ti sn trn bin v nhng trng hp ngi chuyn ch chng minh c l mnh khng cli. Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim trong trng hp chm giao hng Gii hn trch nhim: c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 835 SDR/ n v, 2,5 SDR/Kg (i vi nhng nc l thnh vin ca IMF) hoc 12.000 MU/ n v hng ha, 37,5 MU/ Kg hng ha ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng. Nu v container khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th 1 v container l 1 n v bi thng.

Chm giao hng bi thng 2,5 ln tin cc cho phn hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc ca ton b l hng.

Cu 30: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut .

Hague/ Brussel 1924: t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n

Hague Visby 1968: t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n

Hamburg 1978: : t khi nhn n khi giao

Cu 31: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut .

- Hague/ Brussel 1924: + 3 trch nhim:

+ 17 min trch:

- Hague Visby 1968: + 3 trch nhim:

+ 17 min trch- Hamburg 1978: theo nguyn tc suy on li. Khng quy nh trch nhim v min trch. Ngi chuyn ch c min trch khi cu ngi v ti sn trn bin v nhng trng hp ngi chuyn ch chng minh c l mnh khng cli

Cu 32: Trnh by cc ngun lut iu chnh trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n v so snh ni dung v gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch theo cc ngun lut .

Hague/ Brussel 1924: c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 100 GBP/ n v hng ha, cc bn c tha thun 1 s tin bi thng khc nhng khng c thp hn 100 GBP

Hague Visby 1968: c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 10.000 FrC vng/ n v hng ha, 30 FrC vng/ Kg hng ha hoc 666,67 SDR/ n v, 2 SDR/Kg (theo Ngh th Visby 1968) ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng

Hamburg 1978: c k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 835 SDR/ n v, 2,5 SDR/Kg (i vi nhng nc l thnh vin ca IMF) hoc 12.000 MU/ n v hng ha, 37,5 MU/ Kg hng ha ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin krr khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng. Nu v container khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th 1 v container l 1 n v bi thng.

+ Chm giao hng bi thng 2,5 ln tin cc cho phn hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc ca ton b l hng.

Cu 33: Trnh by ni dung v thng bo tn tht v khiu ni ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hng ha vn chuyn theo vn n theo cc ngun lut quc t hin hnh (Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby, Quy tc Hamburg)

Hague 1924Hague 1968Hamburg 1978

Tn tht r rtTrc hoc ngay khi nhn hngTrc hoc ngay khi nhn hngKhng mun hn ngy lm vic sau ngay hng ha c giao

Tn tht khng r rtTrong vng 3 ngy k t nhn hngTrong vng 3 ngy k t nhn hngTrong vng 1 ngy lin tc tnh t ngy hng c chuyn giao cho ngi nhn

Chm giao hngKhng cpKhng cpTrong vng 60 ngy k t ngy hng ha c giao

Khiu ni1 nm1 nm c ko di thm 3 thng2 nm c ko di thm 3 thng

Cu 35: Khi nim v c im ca tu chuyn Khi nim: Tu khng chy theo lch trnh nh sn, khng c hnh trnh xc nh, ni i v ni n ty thuc vo s tha thun ca ngi thu v ngi cho thu

c im: + khng chy theo lch trnh

+ B/L + C/P (tha thun)

+ Hng ln

+ khng c biu cc

+ chi ph bc, d, sp xp v co san

+ Ch tu khng l ngi chuyn ch...Cu 36: Khi nim phng thc thu tu chuyn, trnh t cc bc thu tu chuyn v cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn Thu tu chuyn l thu tu chy theo yu cu ca ngi i thu (Charterer), trong ngi chur tu (Nominal Shipowner) cam kt ch hng cn ngi i thu tu cam kt tr cc ph thng qua hp ng thu tu (C/P)

Trnh t cc bc thu tu

1. Ch hng lin h vi ship Broker

2. Ship broker tm ngi chuyn ch

3. Tha thun hp ng thu tu (C/P)

4. K kt hp C/P

Hnh thc thu:

+ Chuyn 1

+ chuyn kh hi

+ Nhiu chuyn lin tc

+ Thu khon theo thi gian

+ Thu khon theo khi lng hng ha

+ Thu ton b con tu

+ Tu 1 phn con tuCu 37: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cng xp d, thi gian xp d, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi Cng xp d: one safe berth in safe port of .... and always afloat, accessable

Thi gian xp d: WWDSHEX EIUCu 38: Quy nh v tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn Tui tu

GNT

DWT

Name

Present position

Flag

Subsitutive Sister

Cu 39: Quy nh v thi gian tu n cng xp hng ca hp ng thu tu chuyn Ngy xc nh

Khong thi gianCu 40: Quy nh v hng ha ca hp ng thu tu chuyn Tn hng chnh xc

Tn hng thay th

Dung sai (MOLOO/ MOLCO)Cu 41: Quy nh v cng xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn Tn 1 cng c th

Tn cng thay th

Cng an ton (vo ra c, lun u ni c)

Th t cng/ cu cng

Cu 42: Quy nh v chi ph xp d ca hp ng thu tu chuyn Liner Term

FI, FI-LO, FIS, FIST

FO, FO-LI

FIO

FIOST

Cu 43: Quy nh v cc ph thu tu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn ng tin thanh ton

Thi gian thanh ton

Phng thc thanh tonCu 44: Trnh by iu khon quy nh v thng/pht xp d trong hp ng thu tu chuyn. Quy nh thng pht chung

Thng pht ring

Thanh ton b tr

Thanh ton ring

ng tin thanh tonCu 46: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: thi gian xp d, thng pht xp d chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi WWD SH EX EIU

DEM/DES: USD 17,000 PDCu 47: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: cc ph, lut l gii quyt tranh chp, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi Cc ph: FIOST

Lut l gii quyt tranh chp: Lut Hng hi VN 2005 v cc lut khc c lin quan, c quan gii quyt tranh chp: VIAC HCMC bn cnh VCCICu 48: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: hng ha, con tu, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi 10,000 MT +/- 10% of Rice and/ or bean (Magin in charterers option)

Java Bridge or her subsitutive sisterCu 49: Hy quy nh cc iu khon: chi ph xp d, thi gian tu n cng xp hng, chuyn ch 1 l hng 10.000 tn go t Vit Nam ra nc ngoi FIOST

15th 30th Oct, 2011Cu 50: Phn bit B/L hon ho v khng hon ho Clean B/L: c ghi ch Clean hoc khng c bt c ph ch xu no v tnh trng bn ngoi ca hng ha trn b mt vn n; thng c ngi mua v ngn hng ng thanh ton tin hng mt cch v iu kin

Unclean B/L: khng c ghi ch Clean v c ph ch xu v tnh trng bn ngoi ca hng ha trn b mt vn n; thng khng c ngi mua v ngn hng ng thanh ton tin hng tr phi c tha thun khcCu 51: So snh c s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg.Hague 1924Hague 1968Hamburg 1978

Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim i vi tn tht, h hng, mt mt xy ra cho hng ha.

Theo nguyn tc lit k 3 trch nhim v 17 min trch:

+ 3 trch nhim: Cung cp tu c kh nng i bin; Trch nhim thng mi i vi hng ha; Cung cp vn n

+ 17 min trch: li hng vn; thin tai; tai nn bt ng trn bin; chin tranh; nh cng, bo ng ni lon ca dn chng; hn ch do kim dch cm dch ng thc vt; lnh cm gi, bt gi ca vua cha, ta n, chnh quyn a phng nc s ti; n t, ni t ca hng; do cu hoc c cu sinh mng ca ngi v ti sn trn bin; Do li ca ch hng; do bao b khng y , khng ph hp vi vic vn chuyn hng ha; k m hiu khng y d, khng r rng v nhng trng hp tn tht khc ca hng ha m ngi chuyn ch chng minh c mnh v nhng ngi lm cng cho mnh khng c liGing Hague 1924Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim i vi tn tht, h hng, mt mt hoc chm giao hng

- Rng hn Hague 1924 v Hague Visby 1968, theo nguyn tc suy on li.

- Khng quy nh trch nhim v min trch. Ngi chuyn ch c min trch khi cu ngi v ti sn trn bin v nhng trng hp ngi chuyn ch chng minh c l mnh khng cli- Bi thng trong trng hp chm giao hng

Cu 52: So snh thi trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg.Hague 1924Hague 1968Hamburg 1978

Ging Hague Visby nhng hp hn HamburgT cng n cng (t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n)Ging Hague nhng hp hn HamburgT cng n cng (t khi bc hng cng i n khi d hng cng n)Rng hn Hague v Hague Visby

T khi nhn n khi giao

+ Khi nhn

+ Khi giao

Cu 53: So snh gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin theo Quy tc Hague, Quy tc Hague-Visby v Quy tc Hamburg.Hague 1924Hague 1968Hamburg 1978

t hn Hague Visby v Hamburg100 GBP/ n v hng ha c th tha thun 1 s tin khc nhng khng thp hn 100 GBPNhiu hn Hague nhng t hn Hamburg

C k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 10.000 FrC vng/ n v hng ha, 30 FrC vng/ Kg hng ha hoc 666,67 SDR/ n v, 2 SDR/Kg (theo Ngh th Visby 1968) ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin k khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng

Nhiu hn Hague v Hague Visby

C k khai th bi thng theo gi tr k khai; khng k khai th bi thng 835 SDR/ n v, 2,5 SDR/Kg (i vi nhng nc l thnh vin ca IMF) hoc 12.000 MU/ n v hng ha, 37,5 MU/ Kg hng ha ty cch tnh no c li hn cho ch hng. Nu hng ha ng trong container c k khai s kin th bi thng theo s kin krr khai, khng k khai s kin th 1 container c tnh l 1 dn v bi thng. Nu v container khng do ngi chuyn ch cung cp th 1 v container l 1 n v bi thng.

+ Chm giao hng bi thng 2,5 ln tin cc cho phn hng chm giao nhng khng vt qu tng tin cc ca ton b l hng.

Cu 54: So snh phng thc thu tu ch v phng thc thu tu chuyn

Tu ch (Liner)Tu chuyn (Voyage chater)

Chy theo lch trnh

Chy theo hnh trnh

Hnh trnh xc nh

Ch c B/L

Cc iu khon nh sn trn B/L, khng tha thun c

C biu cc

Cc bao gm chi ph bc, d, sp xp v co san

Hng nh, nh, t, cng i v cng n nm trong hnh trnh ca tu ch

Ch tu thng l ngi chuyn ch Khng chy theo lch trnh

Khng chy theo hnh trnh

Khng c hnh trnh xc nh

B/L + C/P

Cc iu khon tha thun c

Khng c biu cc

Cc thng bao gm chi ph bc, d, sp xp v co san -> cn tha thun k

Hng ln, s lng nhiu, cng i v cng n khng nm trong hnh trnh ca tu ch

Ch tu thng khng l ngi chuyn ch

III. Chng 4. Chuyn ch hng ha XNK bng ng hng khngCu 55: V tr v c im ca vn ti hng khng.

Cu 56: Trnh by c s vt cht k thut ca vn ti hng khng.

Cu 57: Cc t chc vn ti hng khng quc t v Vit Nam.

Cu 58: Trnh by c s php l iu chnh vn ti hng khng trn th gii v Vit Nam.Cu 59: Trnh by trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng quc t.

Cu 60: Trnh by vn khiu ni v kin tng ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cc ngun lut iu chnh vn ti hng khng.

Cu 61: Vn n hng khng l g? Nu cc loi vn n hng khng v trng hp s dng chng. Trnh by cch lp v phn phi vn n hng khng.

Cu 62: Cc chc nng ca AWBCu 63: Cc hng khng l g? Trnh by cc loi cc hng khng.IV. Chng 6. Vn chuyn hng ha XNK bng containerCu 64: Li ch ca vic vn chuyn hng ha bng container (i vi ngi chuyn ch, gom hng, ngi gi hng)p n:

a. i vi ch hng Bo v hng ho, gim tnh trng mt cp, h hng, m t, nhim bn

Gim chi ph bao b

Gim t/gian kim m hng

Hng ho c a t ca n ca (door to door), thc y hot ng mua bn pht trin.

n gin ho th tc trung gian trong q/tr vn chuyn ni a, chi ph iu hnh lc lu thng

Gim chi ph vn chuyn v ph BHb. i vi ngi chuyn ch Gim t/gian xp d, tng vng quay khai thc tu.

Tn dng ti a trng ti v dung tch tu

Gim khiu ni ca ch hng v tn tht ca hng ho

Gim gi thnh vn ti

To k thun li cho vic chuyn ti v vn chuyn a phng thc

c. i vi ngi giao nhn s dng container thu gom, chia l hng ho

Gim bt tranh chp khiu ni

Cu 65: Container l g? Container c tiu chun ha nh th no? Phn loi container.p n:

Khi nim container: container l mt dng c vn ti c cc c im sau:

+ C hnh dng c nh, bn, chc, s dng c nhiu ln.

+ C cu to c bit chuyn ch bng nhiu phng thc v phng tin vn ti m khng phi d hng ha ra.

+ C thit b ring di chuyn t cng c vn ti ny sang cng c vn ti khc.

+ C cu to c bit thun tin cho vic xp hng vo v d hng ra khi container.

+ C dung tch bn trong khng di 1 mt khi. Tiu chun ha container:

+ Kch thc: chiu di, rng, cao+ Trng lng v container

+ Kt cu: gc cnh, im mc cu, kha Phn loi container:

+ Phn loi theo kch thc.

+ Phn loi theo cht liu ng.

+ Phn loi theo cu trc.

+ Phn loi theo cng dng.Cu 66: Cc cng c chuyn ch container v cng, ga, bn bi container.p n:1. Cng c chuyn ch container Bng ng bin: Cc loi thuyn chuyn ch container

+ General cargo ship Tu bch ha thng thng

+ Semicontainer ship Tu bn container

+ Full container ship Tu container chuyn dng

+ Ro-ro ship Tu Ro - ro

+ Lo-lo Tu Lo -lo

+ Lighter aboard ship Tu ch x lan Bng ng st

+ Trailer On Flatcar TOFC: xp container ln xe r-moc ri xp c container v r-moc ln toa xe mt phng.

+ Container On Flatcar COFC: Xp container ln cc toa xe mt phng. ch th gi l DST

+ Double Stack Train: xp chng hai container ln mt toa xe

Bng ng t

+ t chuyn dng gm u my v r-mooc

+ Trailer: r-mooc c ng c

+ Chassis: l mt b khung c cu to c bit c th xp v vn chuyn an ton cho container bng t.

+ Xe nng (Forklift) hay cn cu di ng: vn chuyn container ti bi, xp d ln xung t. 2. Cng, ga, bn bi container

Cng : (container terminal) l khu vc nm trong a gii 1 cng, c xy dng dnh ring cho vic n nhn tu container, xp d container, thc hin vic chuyn tip container t PT VT ng bin sang cc PTVT khc

Bi container ( container yard)

Container freight station (CFS) : trm thu gom hng l

Inland clearance deport (ICD) Cng thng quan ni aCu 67: Phng thc gi hng nguyn container FCL/FCLp n: K/n: Hng nguyn (Full container load-FCL): l hng ca 1 ngi gi hng, khi lng ln, xp trong 1 hay nhiu container.

Nhn nguyn giao nguyn: ngi chuyn ch nhn nguyn t ngi gi hng (shipper) ni i v giao nguyn cho ngi nhn (consignee) ni n.

Trnh t:

+ Ch hng : Thu v (booking)(Vn chuyn cont v kho(Lm th tc hi quan(Kp ch(giao cont v bi cont ca hng tu(Ly vn n+ Ngi chuyn ch: K Booking confirmation( Nhn cont ti CY( Pht hnh B/L( a cont ra cng xp hng ( Vn chuyn cont( D cont ti cng n a v CY( Giao cont cho ngi nhn xut trnh B/L( Thu hi B/L+ Ngi nhn: Xut trnh B/L( Lm th tc hi quan( Np thu( Vn chuyn Cont v kho--> Tr v

Cu 68: Phng thc gi hng l container LCL/LCLp n:

K/n: Hng l (LCL): l hng ca 1 ngi gi hng, khi lng nh, khng ng trong 1 container. Nhn l, giao l tc ngi chuyn ch nhn l t ngi gi hng v giao l cho ngi nhn.

Ni nhn hng v giao hng: CFS Trnh t:

+ Ngi gi: Vn chuyn l hng ti CFS( Lm th tc hi quan( Ly B/L+ Ngi chuyn ch: Nhn l hng l, pht hnh B/L( T chc ng hng l vo container( Vn chuyn cont ra CY gn cng giao cho hng tu ( cng n d hng khi tu vn chuyn v CFS( Giao cho ngi nhn hng cc l hng l ( Thu hi B/L

+ Ngi nhn: Xut trnh B/L ly hng ti CFS( Lm th tc hi quan ( Chuyn hng v kho Cu 69: Phng thc gi hng kt hp FCL/LCL & LCL/FCLp n: FCL-LCL: 1 ngi bn, nhiu ngi mua.+ a im gi hng l CY, a im giao hng l CFS

+ Ngi gi hng chu trch nhim v chi ph ng hng vo container, kp ch, nim phong

+ Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim d hng ra khi container v gii quyt container rng.+ Trnh t: u i ging FCL/FCL, u nhn ging LCL/LCL- LCL-FCL: Nhiu ngi bn, 1 ngi mua.+ a im gi hng l CFS, a im giao hng l CY

+ Ngi chuyn ch chu trch nhim ng hng vo container, kp ch, nim phong.

+ Ngi nhn hng chu trch nhim d hng v tr container rng. + Quy trnh: u gi hng ging LCL/LCL, u giao hng ging FCL/FCL Cu 71: Chng t trong vn chuyn hng ha bng container? Phn loi v chc nng?

a) Khi nim: l mt chng t vn ti do ng chuyn ch container hoc i l ca h k pht cho ng gi hng sau khi nhn container cha hng b) Phn loi v chc nng

Ngi cp vn n l ngi chuyn ch thc t:

+ Vn n gi hng nguyn: c pht hnh khi gi nguyn container (FCL/FCL, FCL/LCL); C y 3 chc nng ca vn n; L vn n nhn xp xc nhn tnh trng ca CTN khi giao ln tu

+ Vn n gi hng l: Pht hnh khi hng c gi l (LCL/LCL hoc LCL/FCL); C 3 chc nng nh vn n gi hng nguyn, L vn n nhn xp xc nhn tnh trng hng ha khi nhn ch Ngi cp vn n khng phi l ngi chuyn ch thc t:

+ Vn n gom hng (House B/L): Ngi k pht vn n l ngi t chc chuyn ch nhng khng phi l ngi chuyn ch thc t - Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng;C y 3 chc nng ca vn n; C th dng trong thanh ton, mua bn, giao dch nu L/C cho php (House B/L Acceptable)

+ Vn n ch (Master B/L): Do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp cho ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng; Khng c chc nng s hu

Cu 73: Dch v gom hng l g v li ch ca n? Trch nhim v vai tr ca ca ngi gom hng

p n:

Khi nim: Gom hng l vic tp hp nhng l hng l t nhiu ngi gi cng mt ni i, thnh nhng l hng nguyn gi v giao cho ngi nhn cng mt cng n

Li ch:

i vi ngi xut khu:

+ Hng gi cc thp hn.

+ Thun li hn khi lm vic vi mt ngi giao nhn.

+ S dng dch v t ca ti ca v dch v phn phi do ngi gom hng cung cp.

i vi ngi chuyn ch:

+ Tit kim chi ph v thi gian

+ Tn dng ht kh nng chuyn ch+ Khng s tht thu cci vi ngi gom hng: li ch kinh t Vai tr v trch nhim ca ngi gom hng: c 2 mi quan h+ Ch hng l - ngi gom hng: iu chnh bi vn n gom hng (House B/L). Ngi gom hng l ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng (Contracting carrier)

+ Ngi gom hng v ngi chuyn ch thc t: iu chnh bi vn n ch (Master B/L) do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp. Ngi gom hng l ngi gi hng (Shipper).

( Ngi gom hng l ngi t chc vic chuyn ch

Trch nhim ca ngi gom hng ph thuc vo t cch ca h khi k chng t vn ti:

+ Vi t cch ca ngi chuyn ch (As carrier)

+ Vi t cch l i l ca ngi chuyn ch (Agent for carrier)

+ Ngi gom hng cp FBL (VVTPT ca FIATA) th h lun ng vai tr ca ngi chuyn ch.

Cu 74: Dch v gom hng l g? Cc bc trong nghip v gom hng

Khi nim: Gom hng l vic tp hp nhng l hng l t nhiu ngi gi cng mt ni i, thnh nhng l hng nguyn gi v giao cho ngi nhn cng mt cng n

Quy trnh:

+ ngi gom hng nhn cc l hng l t nhiu ngi gi khc nhau ti Trm giao nhn, ng gi hng l (CFS)

+ ngi gom hng tp hp li thnh l hng nguyn container, v ng vo container ti CFS.

+ ngi gom hng gi cc container theo dng FCL/FCL cho cc i l ca mnh ni n.

+ i l ca ngi gom hng ni n nhn cc container ny, d hng ra v giao cho tng ngi nht ti CFS ni n.Cu 75: Phn bit Master B/L v House B/L

p n:

+ Vn n gom hng (House B/L):

Ngi k pht vn n l ngi t chc chuyn ch nhng khng phi l ngi chuyn ch thc t - Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng

Ngi gi, ngi nhn: l ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng thc t

C y 3 chc nng ca vn n

C th dng trong thanh ton, mua bn, giao dch nu L/C cho php (House B/L Acceptable)

FBL - l vn n gom hng c Phng thng mi quc t cng nhn v c chp nhn thanh ton theo phng thc tn dng chng t.

+ Vn n ch (Master B/L): Do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp cho ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng.

Ngi pht hnh l ngi chuyn ch thc t

Khng c chc nng s hu

Ngi gi: L ngi gom hng

Ngi nhn: i l ca ngi gom hng ti ni nCu 76: Ti sao khi gi hng bng container nn thay cc iu kin Incoterms CIF, FOB, CFR bng cc iu kin CIP, FCA, CPTp n:

Tn tht xy ra trong thi im t CY Tu: Ngi gi chu trch nhim khiu ni ngi chuyn ch

Tn tht xy ra sau khi hng qua lan can tu: ngi nhn khiu ni ngi chuyn ch. Hng c ng trong container nn khng th kim tra tnh trng hng khi qua lan can tu => khng xc nh c tn tht xy ra chng no v ai l ngi chu trch nhim khiu ni ngi chuyn ch.

Khi giao hng theo FOB, CIF, CFR thng thng L/C quy nh phi c vn n xp => ngi gi hng phi i khi hng thc s c xp ln tu i ly vn n xp

=> Khi giao hng bng container th s dng iu kin c s giao hng FCA; CIP v CPTCu 77: Nhc im ca h thng vn ti containerp n

Vn u t ln

Hn ch v chng loi hng ha chuyn ch

Hn ch vic chuyn ch hai u: