System ....................................................................4Processing units...................................................6DVB processing....................................................7Satellite processing ............................................8PAL modulator/PAL demodulator......................9Down converter/Up converter.........................10FM processing ....................................................11Combining network ...........................................12Output unit ...........................................................13Frequency locking .............................................14Substitute connections .....................................15Reserve system (N+1)........................................16Monitoring and signalling................................17PC monitoring software....................................18Monitoring of external units............................20Design...................................................................21System data.........................................................22

Hirschmann ü

KARINCATV Headend System

KARINü 3

Complete, professional headend system

Compact, modular construction

Open architecture with standard interfaces

Innovative PC monitoring system

Fully-automatic, software controlled reserve system

The KARIN system is the professionalheadend system in the Hirschmannrange of CATV-products and containsall the necessary components fromthe receiver unit to the antennasocket-outlet.Along with its professional proces-sing units, the KARIN system con-tains an expandable combining net-work and an output unit with coaxialand optical outputs.With only perfectly matching compo-nents, from the receiver unit to the sy-stem output guarantee optimal valuesat the trunk output even when manychannels are being used. For thisreason, in addition to the attentionpaid to the technical data of the indivi-dual units, care was taken during de-velopment to optimise both the waythe components work together andthe resulting system data.

Modular construction, the fully auto-matic reserve system and user- friend-ly PC monitoring of the headend andits infrastructure are the basis for theKARIN system’s maximum availability.Operating and service costs are keptto a minimum owing to high flexibi-lity and the fact that the system hasbeen optimised for minimum powerdissipation.

It is simple to expand the open-endedKARIN system. New developmentscan be integrated easily, thus elimina-ting investments later on.

Complete modular system withstandard interfaces

Open-ended system for easy inte-gration of newly developed compo-nents

Space saving, compact construction

Maximum availability and minimaloperating and service costs

Fully automatic software-controlledreserve system (N+1)

PC monitoring of the headendtroughout the whole distributionnetwork

Professional processing units

Expandable combining network

Coaxial and optical outputs up to862 MHz

Interfaces for additional servicesand multimedia applications

Tested in accordance with TL 5820-3076 of the Deutsche Bun-despost Telekom

ISO 9001 company certification gua-rantees highest quality.

System

KARIN in the Hirschmann CATV system

KARIN4 Hirschmann

Processing units

The KARIN system contains allnecessary analogue and digitalprocessing units in high quality design.Signal broadcast both by satellite andterrestrially can be processed. In addi-tion local programmes can be fed indirectly.

Combining network

The demands on the combining net-work increase with the number ofchannels. Therefore, in addition tohigh quality individual units, a highperformance combining network isthe basic requirement necessary forexcellent system output values.The KARIN system is designed tocombine 144 TV and 48 radio chan-nels and is therefore ideally equippedfor the increasing number of program-mes on offer.

Output unit

The output unit contains both coaxialand optical outputs. In view of therising demands on transmission ca-pacity made by the continually increa-sing number of programmes offered,the output units have a broadband rating of 47 ... 862 MHz.Pilot generators are integrated, as theremote supply for the trunk amplifiers.

Extension devices

A wide range of extension devices en-sure that the headend is simple tooperate, e.g.:- components to monitor and control external units- components for substitute signal distribution- remote supply for antenna pre- amplifiers, etc.

Reserve unit

In the event of failure, the reserveunit automatically replaces a failedchannel within a few seconds, whichguarantees a high degree of flexibility.

PC monitoring

The fully integrated PC monitoring system provides an immediate over-view of the system at any selected point in the distribution network.

System expansion options

Continual new developments in themultimedia sector ensure that the KARIN system can meet the require-ments of the future.Its modular construction, standard in-terfaces and the processor technolo-gy for PC monitoring integrated inevery module ensure that new compo-nents can be integrated with ease.

Applications

The KARIN system is ideal for highquality CATV networks with a medi-um to large number of subscribers,whose transmission capacity shouldnot be limited by the headend. In ad-dition, the KARIN system can be usedby broadcasting companies for moni-toring and supervision equipment.

Technical characteristics

Guaranteed system parametersfrom the antenna input to the system output

100% suitable for use with adjacentchannels even with high channelloading

High restinance against inter-ference

High selection

Level and frequency stability overtemperature and aging

Standard interfaces in RF, IF andbaseband

Frequency locking

Innovative circuit technology

Plug-in submodules and subboards

Space saving compactnessthrough SMD technology

System

KARIN system

KARINü 5

Processing units

KARIN system analogue and digtial processing units

KARIN6 Hirschmann

Satellite receiver for DVB

The satellite receiver for DVB (DigitalVideo Broadcasting) selects a QPSK-modulated carrier from the 1st SAT IFrange and converts it to the 2nd SATIF range.

In the 2nd SAT IF, the bandwidth ofthe signal is shaped to 27 or 36 MHzand constantly kept at 479.5 MHz bythe integrated AFC.

DVB processing

DVB processing takes the MPEG-datafrom the QPSK-modulated 2nd SAT IFsignal, codes it and supplies the QAMmodulated IF signals at the output.

By demodulating, decoding and errorcorrection, the QPSK demodulatorgains the MPEG data stream. The optionally installed MPEG interfaceforms the interface to the MPEG datastream. MPEG processing units canbe connected to this interface (e.g.MPEG-PAL Transcoder). The error protection for the QAM transmissionis then added to the MPEG data stre-am in the channel coder. If the opera-ting signal is incorrect or not present,the PRBS substitute signal generatorin the channel coder produces a sub-stitute signal which guarantees that amodulated signal is applied to the output of the following QAM modula-tor.The modulation which is selectablebetween 16, 64 or 256 QAM takesplace in the QAM modulator. TheQAM modulator automatically swit-ches the modulation off when thespectrum is larger than 7 or 8 MHzowing to excess data rates whichcould disturb an adjacent channel.

Additional features include the moni-toring of the MPEG data stream (datathroughput, frame length, sync bytes)and the marking of MPEG frameswhich cannot be corrected.

High overload stability even if ahigh channel loading are used

Automatic tuned input bandpass

Demodulator for QPSK signalsfrom 20 ... 60 Mbit/s

Marks MPEG frames which cannotbe corrected

MPEG interface

Monitors bit data rate and thestructure of MPEG frames

Automatically switches off modula-tion if data rate is too high

Automatic frequency control (AFC)

Selectable IF-filter bandwith

PRBS substitute signal generator

16, 64 or 256 QAM

DVB processing

DVB processing

SAT receiver for DVB

KARINü 7

Satellite processing

The satellite processing for an FM mo-dulated carrier extracts the video andaudio signals from the 1st SAT IF si-gnal. In addition, the analogue or digi-tally-modulated subcarriers are demo-dulated.

SAT splitter

The active satellite splitter with the integrated LNC supply distributes the1st SAT IF signal without attentuationto seven outputs.

SAT receiver

The SAT receiver selects an FM modu-lated carrier from the 1st SAT IF, con-verts it in the 2nd SAT IF and extractsthe baseband signal with a PLL demo-dulator. The video signal is gainedfrom the baseband signal by filtering,and the audio signal is gained by de-modulating the main sound carrier.To gain the subcarriers, the SAT recei-ver makes the baseband signalavailable to the subcarrier demodula-tor and the ADR demodulator.

Subcarrier demodulator

The subcarriers transmitted using theWegener PANDA I process are gainedby the subcarrier demodulator fromthe baseband signal and then demo-dulated. Two pairs of subcarriers canbe demodulated in the subcarrier de-modulator.

ADR demodulator/ADR receiver

Digitally transmitted ADR soundsubcarriers (Astra Digital Radio) areprocessed in the ADR modules. TheADR demodulator gains the audio si-gnals from the QPSK modulatedsubcarriers in the baseband signal.If only ADR sound subcarriers conti-nue to be used (video signal is notused or transponder is in full use), anADR receiver is provided, which alsocontains a satellite receiver.

The ADR demodulator/ADR receivercan process two carriers. To processadditional subcarriers the baseband si-gnal is looped through, as a result ofwhich several ADR demodulators canbe cascaded.

Active SAT distribution networkwith short-circuit proof and inter-ruptable LNC supply

Selectable 2nd SAT IF bandwidth

High overload stability even if ahigh channel loading is used

PLL demodulation

PANDA I sound demodulation oftwo compressed analogue pairs ofsound carriers

ADR receiver/ADR demodulator fordecoding 2 ADR subcarriers fromthe baseband or the 1st SAT IF

All outputs have automatic muting

Satellite processing

SAT processing

KARIN8 Hirschmann

PAL modulator

The PAL modulator modulates a vi-deo/audio signal and makes a stand-ard IF signal available at the output.

Video processing

Automatic control can take place onboth the white pulses of the test lineand on the synchronous value. Theclamping on the rear black porch fun-ctions perfectly without impairingburst, even if the SAT programmeshave high interference. After modulati-on, the IF signal is reduced in band-with a professional saw filter guaran-teeing perfect adjacent channel opera-tions. In the event of operating signalfailure, the modulator switches to thesubstitute signal. Texts can be inser-ted into the substitute signal as desi-red.

Sound processing

The transmission mode is normallydetermined by the data line. It can,however, be determined externally(PC monitoring programme, controlcables or switch).

PAL demodulator

The PAL demodulator extracts the IFsignal from the video and audio si-gnal.

Video processing

The IF signal is regulated in the IFunit. The video signal can be ex-tracted from highly linear synchro-nous or quasi-synchronous demodula-tion.

Sound processing

The audio signal can be extractedusing either the parallel tone or the in-tercarrier method. After demodulationthe audio signals are dematrixed, fedto a de-emphasis network and floatedat the outputs. The mode of transmis-sion is determined by the pilot tone.

Noise immunity

Precise white limitter without impai-ring colour carriers

Individual text insertion into thesubstitute signal

Direct modulation of sound carrier

Highly linear synchronous or quasisynchronous demodulation

Professional SAW filter guaranteesperfect operation adjacent channels

Balanced video and audio inputs

Determination of mode of soundtransmission from the data line.

Parallel tone or intercarrier demo-dulation

PAL modulator/PAL demodulator

PAL modulator

PAL demodulator

KARINü 9

General

The active components on down con-verters and up converters are de-signed as broad band units from 47 ..... 862 MHz. Only the passive,plug-in channel filters are band speci-fic. This active / passive separationand the synthesizer technology used,provide a maximum degree of serv-iceability when channels are changed.

Down converter

The down converter converts a RF-TVsignal in the standard IF from 38.9 MHz.The IF auxiliary signal is fed via theprofessional SAW filter, perfect opera-tion of adjacent channels is guaran-teed even with a lower quality substi-tute source.With the IF locking option, the IF islocked to an internal crystal or an ex-ternal reference. This eliminates variations in the recei-ving frequency and tolerances of thecrystal synthesizer. The down converter makes its crystalfrequency available to the up conver-ter for co-channel conversions.

Up converter

The up converter converts an IF si-gnal in the desired channel and supplies the regulated RF signal tothe output.

The option co-channel locking shouldbe fitted for frequency-locked co-chan-nel conversion of a terrestrial TV pro-gramme. The reference frequency(REF) is supplied by the down conver-ter. The channel filter at the outputsuppresses spurious emissions andbroadband noise, whereby broadbandcombining are unlimited. The highquality of signal processing is madepossible by parallel tone demodulati-on. The multi standard detector opti-on also allows standards deviatingfrom the CCIR B/G to be transmittedcorrectly.

Changing channels

When changing channels it is only necessary to plug the adjusted chan-nel filter to the down or up converter, to set the channel with hook switches and to adjust the tuning voltage of the oscillator with the PCmonitoring programme or a DC voltmeter.

Completely adjacent channel quali-fied

Large dynamic range ideal for difficult reception conditions

Suppression of spurious emissionsand broadband noise, whereby broadband combining are unlimi-ted.

Broadband active components

Plug-in, passive channel filter forBI, SU, Blll, SO, SE and BIV/V

The same channel filter can be fit-ted at down and up converter

Channels can be changed veryeasily

IF locking possible

Substitute signal processing withSAW filter

Adjustable input level threshold

High quality processing for perfectdemodulation using the paralleltone method

Down converter/Up converter

Down converter

Up converter

KARIN10 Hirschmann

FM converter

In the FM converter the desired car-rier is selected using tracking input fil-ters, which guarantees problem-freeuse of the FM converter even underdifficult reception conditions. Thenthe MPX signal extracted by a conver-sion to IF and demodulation. In MPXstate, higher frequency parts are sup-pressed using plug-in filters, leadingto significantly improved interferencesignal suppression and selection. Following this step, the MPX signal directly modulates the desired FM carrier. If the input level is too low,the output is disconnected, which prevents noise in the receivers.

FM modulator

In the FM modulator, an audio signaldirectly modulates the desired carrierin the 87.5 ... 108 MHz range. The in-put unit of the FM modulator consistsof the switchable input impedance, the large input level range and the interruptable pre-emphasis. The in-tegrated, bridgeable coder allows theprocessing of mono, stereo or MPX signals. After matrixing, the MPX signal directly modulates the FM carrier.

Additional information (ARI, RDS, ...)can be added to the MPX signal atthe ADD-IN port. The FM modulatorprovides a 19 kHz pilot tone for syn-chronisation with the appropriate co-der.

FM demodulator

The FM demodulator converts a FMsignal into IF, demodulates it and deli-vers the MPX signal at the output. IFlevel selection is carried out inde-pendently of the type of carrier. 150 kHz coil filters for stereo and anadditional ceramic filter for monotransmissions guarantee optimalbandwidth limitation. Plug-in low-pass filters allows additional suppres-sion of unwanted frequencies.

Selective tracking input filter

Plug-in MPX filter with variable cut-off frequencies

Balanced inputs

Transmission of mono, stereo, andMPX signals

Switchable IF bandwidth

Automatic disconnection of the out-put signal when the input level istoo low prevents noise (muting)

Direct modulation of the FM carrier

Interfaces for ARI / RDS coder (pi-lot output and additional input)

Low-pass filter in MPX state

FM processing

FM converter

FM modulator

FM demodulator

KARINü 11

General

A modular, expandable combiningnetwork is used to feed the processedTV and audio channels into the distri-bution network. This combining net-work has up to 144 TV inputs and 48audio inputs, and consists of activeand passive components. The combi-nation of active and passive compo-nents allows a lower output level atthe individual processing units andthus less loss in the system than withpurely passive interconnection. Opti-mum system safety is ensured by par-allel switching of hybrid amplifiers inthe active multi channel amplifiers.

TV combining

The components of the combining forTV are designed for 47 ... 862 MHz.Up to 6 TV programmes are com-bined with the broadband, passive RFcombiner located in the up convertermain frame. For transmission of morethan 24 TV programmes, up to 6 RFcombiners are connected togetherwith a combiner amplifier. Four com-biner amplifiers can be connected to-gether with the passive output combi-ner. Passive interconnection of themost important TV programmes ispossible by directing the output ofthe RF combiner directly into the out-put combiner.

Audio combining

Up to 12 audio channels can be com-bined via the passive sound combi-ner. Up to four such sound combinerscan be switched together with thefour-way sound combiner. The soundcombiners are located in the FM mainframe.

Output combiner

The passive output combiner allowsthe interconnection of the TV and FMprogrammes, as well as pilot tonesand the data for PC monitoring. Theoutput combiner has two equal out-put ports.

Broadband from 47 ... 862 MHz

Inputs for 144 TV and 48 audiochannels

Modular construction allows forstep-by-step expansion

The use of active and passive com-biners guarantees optimum systemconfiguration with regard to S/Nand intermodulation

Parallel connected hybrid ampli-fiers in the combiner amplifier forhigh levels and operational reliability

Combining network

Combining network

KARIN12 Hirschmann

Output amplifier

The output amplifier with its hybridsconnected in double amplifies the RFsignal for feeding into the coaxial net-work. In addition, the data for monitoringthe headend of a PC connected to theCATV distribution network is fed outfrom the reverse channel.For remote supply of trunk amplifiers,a power inserter is integrated into theoutput amplifier.

Pilot generator

The pilot tones for controlling thetrunk amplifiers are generated by pi-lot generators.

Remote supply

The remote supply generates the re-mote supply voltage, which is fedinto the coaxial cable via an inserterin the output amplifier.

Distribution network for KARIN-OVL

For feeding optical feeder links, up to2 x 96 optical transmitter can be fedwith the distribution network.The distribution network consists ofactive and passive components. Itguarantees optimal system configura-tion with regard to noise and intermo-dulation.

The system description for KARIN-OVL contains further informati-on on the optical connection network.

System output with pilot generatorand remote supply

Output with either 606 or 862 MHz

Selection of up to 2 x 96 opticaltransmitters

Output amplifier with integrated reverse channel and power inserter

Combined active / passive distribu-tion network guarantees low loss

Output unit

Output unit

Distribution network

KARINü 13

Local transmitter locking

The constantly growing of program-mes offered is leading to more andmore dense use of the channels inthe CATV network. For this reason,the use of channels susceptible to in-terference has become necessary.Local transmitters broadcast in theCATV network and interfere with pro-grams being broadcasted on thesame frequency. This leads to interfe-rence, which is seen as lines crossingthe screen. With local transmitter lock-ing, the visibility of this interferenceis greatly reduced. With local transmit-ter locking, the vision carrier of thechannel at risk is locked to the carrierfrequency of the local transmitter.

Frequency locking system

The increasing number of program-mes and the resulting use of adjacentchannels hava pushed many CATVnetworks to their limits. The intermo-dulation caused by multi channel usemakes totally problem-free operationimpossible. A frequency locking sy-stem solves this problem and offerssubstantially improved picture qualityin the entire distribution network.

While local transmitter locking onlylocks one channel, frequency lockingsystem locks all channels to a singlereference frequency.The advantages resulting from fre-quency locking all carriers have beenexploited in terrestrial networks forsome time now (normal frequencylocking). The KARIN system allows these fre-quency locked system advantages tobe used in CATV networks as well.Such system reduces the visibility level of interference caused by inter-modulation by up to 15 dB.

The advantages of the frequency locking system can only really be fully utilised when all usefull carriersare locked to the reference frequency.The pilot tones in the KARIN systemcan also be locked to the referencefrequency. In order to prevent interfe-rence in the TV programmes due tofrequency-modulated FM carriers, theFM carriers are set at least 7 dB lowerat the system output.

The reference frequency for frequen-cy locking system can be derivedfrom both an absolutely precise trans-mitter and a frequency standard.

Advantages of the frequency locking system

Denser use of channels with thesame network structure

Higher system level, hence moresystem reserve

Substantially improved picture qua-lity in the entire distribution net-work

Frequency locking

Frequency locking in the KARIN system

Frequency locking

KARIN14 Hirschmann

Satellite reception

If the standard operating signal fails,the video processor (in PAL modula-tor) automatically switches over tothe substitute signal input, where thesignal from the 2nd receiver is.

2 up converters or 2 FM converters

If a programme is being fed in fromtwo different sources, one substituteswitch per 2 up converters or 2 FMconverters can be implemented.

If the operating unit detects a loss ofoperating signal, the substitute unitautomatically switches to its substitu-te output (only for substitute connecti-on with 2 up converters).

Substitute connections

Substitute connection for satellite reception

Substitute connection with 2 up converters

Substitute connection with 2 FM converters

Most KARIN system modules have up-date and control lines, which allowsunit evaluation or control.

Substitute connections can easily bemade with these signal and controlconnections.

These substitute connections aremade via automatic switching whena programme is received from twodifferent sources.

KARINü 15

There is also a fully automatic reservesystem (N+1) available for the KARINsystem, in addition to the usual substi-tute connections.This means that the effort requiredfor servicing can be reduced signifi-cantly because the reserve systemautomatically replaces a failed chan-nel in a matter of seconds, using a re-serve unit.The reserve system automatically in-itialises the reserve unit with the para-meters of the operating unit so that itis not necessary to enter large num-bers of parameters manually.

Method of function

The reserve system consists of a re-serve unit control module and the re-serve units.

The reserve unit control modulewhich is located in the headend, moni-tors all modules in the headend viathe KARIN-bus. In the event of failureit co-ordinates automatic programmetake-over by the reserve unit.To do this it first switches off the out-put of the operating unit to prevent in-terference to other channels and alsoto occupy this channel with the reser-ve unit.The reserve unit is then automaticallyinitialised.

If the reserve unit can transmit theprogramme correctly, it is switchedon by the reserve unit control. Other-wise (e.g. if the source is interrupted)the reserve unit remains free.

Cables

The reserve modules can be usedfrom any position. This guaranteessimple cabling.

Priorities

By assigning priorities, more impor-tant programmes can be dealt withpreferentially.

Fully automatic software-controlledreserve system (N+1)

Automatic parameter initialisingmeans that parameters do nothave to be entered manually

Simple cabling

Programme priorities can be selected

Reserve system (N+1)

Reserve system

Reserve unit in SAT processing

KARIN16 Hirschmann

Along with the usual monitoring andsignalling facilities such as- LEDs- monitoring outputs- alarm and control linesall active modules can be monitoredwith the PC software.

User-friendly PC monitoring reducesthe amount of time and equipmentneeded for controlling the function ofthe headend and servicing and main-taining them. In addition, most ad-justments can be carried out via thePC monitoring software. Simple con-trol functions (e.g. adjustment of anup converter) can be carried out fromthe PC. This means that it is extremely easyto locate faults caused by a singleprocessing unit.

A PC with a monitoring software is allthat is needed for monitoring. Thehardware and software required to re-cord measured values is integrated inthe modules as a standard feature. A data processor in every main frameand a data modem per headend isnecessary for data evaluation.

Communication between the headendand the PC can take place as follows:

Directly via the RS 232 interface(PC at the headend)Via the optical or coaxial distributi-on networkVia the telephone network

If there is a two-way connection fromthe PC to the headend (expanded re-verse channel, telephone network)control functions can also be carriedout at the headend.

If the data exchange takes place overthe telephone network any number ofheadends can be monitored at a cen-tral location.

PC control and monitoring of theKARIN system

No measuring instruments necessary for function control

Nearly all adjustments can be car-ried out with the PC monitoringsoftware

Hardware and software for PC mo-nitoring integrated in the modules

Monitoring of several headbandsat a central service station

Signalling and monitoring

PC monitoring

KARINü 17

General

The user-friendly PC monitoring soft-ware provides a rapid survey of thesystem thanks to its graphic user in-terface. The menu-managed Windows software is used with themouse and only requires minimalcomputer skills.

Clear overview together with the easy-to-use menu management make itpossible to call up data extremelyfast. The wide-ranging display of sy-stem data on the PC reduces theneed for measuring instruments forboth function controls and maintenan-ce.

Integrated password-demand guaran-tees optimal security. The systemcan only be set up and configured af-ter the password has been entered.

The monitoring software providesthree display modes "headend", "mo-dules" and "programmes".

The module menu is accessed via thevarious display levels of the individu-al modes (see fig. below).

Module menu

The module menu includes the cur-rent front panel signalling and theblock diagram of the selected modu-le. It allows you to follow the moduleprocesses via computer.

Front panel signalling corresponds tothe module front panel in the KARINsystem.

The module functions are shown onthe block diagram in a simplifiedform, whereby attention was paidfirst and foremost to a practical lay-out of the functional blocks.

The most important measured valuesand status settings and frequency de-tails are shown clearly in the modulemenu. This means that all relevantheadend data are available at any po-sition in the distribution network.

Easy to operate

Graphic user interface

No measuring instrumentsnecessary for monitoring or functi-on control

Analogue and numerical display ofmeasured values with details ofpermissible ranges

Display of operating conditionsand additional information (chan-nel, frequency)

Representation of module functionin simple block diagram form

Measured value print out

Rapid error diagnosis

Fault protocol

Password protection

Module menu display

1) Numerical display of the most im-portant measured values

2) Rack, main frame and module ad-dress describe the exact position inthe system; TV channel / program-me number

3) Function strip

4) Additional information (frequency,channel)

5) Switch for control operations

6) Analogue display of selected mea-sured values with details of the to-lerance range

7) Front panel with signalling

PC monitoring software

Module menu

KARIN18 Hirschmann

Headend

The whole headend is clearly shownaccording to its mechanical design.

By making the appropriate selectionsin the rack, main frame and moduledisplay levels, access is gained to thesimplified block diagrams of the desi-red module (Module menu).

Modules

The module types present in the sy-stem are indicated.

By selecting in the "module" and"measured values" lists you gain ac-cess to the "measured values dis-played". The selected measured valueof all modules of the same type aredisplayed. The module menu formsthe lowest level.

Programmes

This mode shows the modules alloca-ted to a programme (e.g. PRO 7).

After the desired programme hasbeen selected, the appropriate proces-sing unit is shown in the form of themodule front panels. The modulemenu also forms the lowest levelhere.

PC monitoring software

Display modes

KARINü 19

External measurement monitoring

Integrated PC monitoring togetherwith the "external measurement moni-toring" also make it possible to moni-tor non-KARIN components. Thus, inaddition to the headends it is alsopossible to monitor the infrastructureof such components by PC.

Twelve configurable measuring in-puts and three floating control out-puts form the interfaces to the exter-nal units.

This makes it possible to monitor theparameters of a headend infrastructu-re, for example;- Indoor temperature- Outdoor temperature- Mains voltage- Air conditioning- Antenna mast lighting- Access security

Of course the PC monitoring softwarecan also be used to control externalsystems such as:- Air conditioning- Carrying out trial runs with the emergency generator- Switching on reflector heating

The "external measurement monito-ring" module can, for example, re-duce power consumption for reflectorheating to a minimum. This is achie-ved by means of a decrease the inputlevel which is transmitted to the ser-vice centre by the SAT receiver usingthe monitoring software

Monitoring and control of externalunits

Several "external measurement mo-nitors" can be integrated into thesystem

12 configurable measurement inputs

3 floating control outputs

Monitoring of external units

External measurement monitoring

KARIN20 Hirschmann

Rack systems

Rack

The processing and supply units arelocated in 40 or 44 HU racks for 19"main frames.

Main frames

A main frame usually contains onlyfunctional groups of the same kind,e.g. 6 up converters or 3 PAL modula-tors. The processing units are housedin plug-in units located in the mainframes. The rear panel of the main frame forms the connecting unit be-tween the modules in the main frameand the rack cabling. The plug-in con-nection connects the module with therear panel.

Cables

The power supply as well as the KA-RIN bus required for PC monitoring isprecabled in each rack. This meansthat if additional main frames or mo-dules are fitted only signal cablingneeds to be carried out. As the appropriate combiners arelocated on the main frames there isonly one cable leading away from themain frame which means that cablingis even simpler.

Power supply

In each main frame there is a centralpower supply unit consisting of two parallel power packs. During normaloperations these operate with half therated current. If one power supplyshould fail, the intact power supplysupplies the whole main frame thusproviding more operational reliability.

Power dissipation

Owing to low power dissipation theKARIN system can be operatedwithout air conditioning. This hasbeen made possible by the use of an active/passive combining and highquality components.

Compact Units

The compact unit which can also beconnected to a computer is to allowadditional fittings to be made to exi-sting non-KARIN systems. A compactunit contains all that is necessary toprocess one or several channelchains. The compact unit for DVBprocessing consists, for example of:- Satellite distribution network- Satellite receiver for DVB- QPSK demodulator- MPEG interface- Channel coder- QAM modulator- Up converter- Power supply

Additional compact units

Satellite processing with a PAL mo-dulator, up converter, subcarrier de-modulator / ADR demodulator and2 FM modulators.2 down and up converters2 PAL modulators with up conver-ters2 SAT distribution networks and 3SAT receivers with 3 subcarrier de-modulators / ADR demodulatorsDown converter with PAL demodu-lator

As the compact units are also locatedin 19" main frames they can be fittedto the KARIN rack at any time.

Maintenance and repairs

The modular construction in connecti-on with the rear panel cabling andthe practical plug-in connections means that the unit is easy to serviceor refit.

Modules

The active module components aredesigned as broadband units. The pas-sive components are for specificbands and can easily be replaced asthey are plug-in sub-modules. Thisactive / passive separation meansthat service work is very easy in theevent of channel changes, storageand repairs.

Setting elements

The most important operating ele-ments are located on the practicallydesigned front panel of the moduleand are thus easily accessible. Settingelements which must be activatedwhen adjusting a module (e.g. whenchanging a channel) are located on itsboard. With a functionally designedadapter module they are also easilyaccessible even if the module is inuse.

Inputs and outputs

In principle all module inputs and out-puts are located on the module rearplug-in connections. The cable be-tween the individual main frames islocated on the rack rear which meansthat it is not necessary to loosen con-nections on the front panel when re-placing a module. Only the monito-ring outputs are located on the frontpanels.

Necessary space

Thanks to the use of the latest techno-logy (highly integrated components,SMD technology, digital processing) itwas possible to achieve a high de-gree of efficiency and capacity in avery small unit.

Design

KARINü 21

System data

General data

Rack dimensions (HxWxD) : 1960 x 550 x 595 mm (40 HU)Paint : RAL 7032Cooling system : Convection (no climatising necessary)Temperature range to maintain technical specifications : +5oC...+40oC

(air conditioning model R14 of the Deutsche Bundespost Telekom)

- Functionality : -10oC...+45oC

Technical data

Mains connectionMains voltage : 230 V -15% ... +10%Mains frequency : 50 Hz

TV:RF input:

Frequency : 47 ... 862 MHzLevel : -67 ... -27 dBm (0.1 ... 10 mV)Impedance : 50 ohmReturn loss : ≥ 18 dB (typ. ≥ 23 dB)

Remote supply for antenna preamplifier : switchable beetween +12 V and +24 V

SAT input:Frequency : 950 ... 2050 MHz (2150 MHz)Level : -55 ... -25 dBm Impedance : 50 ohmReturn loss : ≥ 14 dB (typ. ≥ 18 dB) LNC supply : +15 or +18 V

Baseband output: Frequency : 0 ... 12 MHz Level : 1 Vpp Impedance : 75 ohm Return loss up to 5 MHz : ≥ 34 dB up to 12 MHz : ≥ 26 dB

Video-/Audio input: Video:

Frequency : 25 Hz ... 5 MHz Level : 0.5 ... 2 Vpp Impedance : 75 ohm Return loss : ≥ 30 dB (typ. ≥ 34 dB)

Audio: Frequency : 40 Hz ... 15 kHz Level : 0/+6 dBm related to 600 ohm Impedance : 600 ohms / >12 kohm

Video-/Audio output: Video:

Frequency : 25 Hz ... 5 MHz Level : 1 Vpp Impedance : 75 ohm Return loss : ≥ 25 dB

Audio: Frequency : 40 Hz ... 15 kHz Level (30kHz Dev., fmod 500Hz) : +6 dBm Impedance : 600 ohm

IF Interface:Vision carrier frequency : 38.9 MHzSound carrier frequency : 33.4 MHz and 33.158 MHzLevel : -7 dBm (100 mV)Impedance : 50 ohm

MPEG interface:Format : MPEG transport stream

8 bit data, sync and clock signalMax. data rate : 56 Mbits/sLevel : TTL

RadioRF input:

Frequency : 87.5 ... 108 MHzLevel for mono : -89 ... -9 dBm Level for stereo : -69 ... -9 dBmImpedance : 50 ohmReturn loss : ≥ 18 dB (typ. ≥ 23 dB)

Audio input:Frequency : 40 Hz ... 15 kHzLevel : 0 dBm / +6 dBm (600 ohm)Impedance : 600 ohm / >12 kohm

MPX output:Frequency : 40 Hz ... 100 kHzLevel : +6 dBm (600 ohm)Impedance : < 30 ohm

System output coaxialFrequency : 47 ... 862 MHzLevel TV

with 606 MHz output unit : 95 dBµV/ 75 ohmwith 862 MHz output unit : 93 dBµV/ 75 ohm

Impedance : 75 ohmReturn loss bei 47 MHz : ≥ 18 dB -1 dB/octaveRemote supply : 50 V / 6 A

Reverse channel:Frequency : 5 ... 28.75 / 5 ... 60 MHzImpedance : 50 ohmReturn loss : ≥ 25 dB

System output for the optical transmitterLevel : -32 dBmImpedance : 50 ohmsReturn loss at 47 MHz: : ≥ 18 dB -1 dB/octave

Signalling and monitoringFunction monitoring : LED’s,

PC monitoring, Monitoring outputs, Alarm and control lines

PC monitoringMinimum configuration of the PC : 486 DX 66 MHz,

DOS 5.0, Windows 3.1

Communication: KARIN <---> PC : Serial interface COM1/COM2 Data rate : 19200 baud

External measurement control:Inputs : 12 configurable measurement inputsOutputs : 3 floating control outputs

WindowsTM is a licenced trademarket by Microsoft Corp.Subject to alterationVersion 3.0/9509 PI_1800EKARIN22 Hirschmann