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Les facteurs qui affectent la collaboration des petites entreprises de biotech / Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms. Catherine Beaudry École Polytechnique de Montréal. Alliances et partenariats : un défi pour les biotech - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Les facteurs qui affectent la collaboration des petites entreprises de biotech /
Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Catherine BeaudryÉcole Polytechnique de Montréal
Alliances et partenariats : un défi pour les biotechAlliances and partnerships: a challenge for biotechsCIRANO, 19 septembre 2008
Collaboration in CanadaIn 2004-2005, 52.6% of biotech firms participated to at
least one collaborative allianceLarge (> 150 employees): 59.6% (10% of the sample)Medium (50-150 employees): 56.6% (15% of the sample)Small (<50 employees):50.9 % (75% of the sample)
What are the most common types of collaborative arrangements?
With which partners do SMEs cooperate?Are SMEs different from larger firms in terms of the
number of collaboration arrangements to which they participate?
Do specific characteristics of a firm influence how much it collaborates? negative binomial regressions
19th September 2008 2 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Why collaborate?To survive! (Oliver 2004)Access to financial resources
R&D: long and expensiveDifficult for small firms that depend on angels, venture
capital, debt, grants, alliancesAccess to human capital
Lack of skilled labour is one of the principal reason to collaborate
Access to knowledge and competencesRather than developping within the firm
Learning networks are the source of innovation (Powell et al. 1996)
19th September 2008 3 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
DataStatistics Canada Biotechnology use and development
surveys, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005Binary variable – collaboration yes/noCount variable – number of collaborative arrangement
19th September 2008 4 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Purpose\Partner Private enterprise Public institution TotalKnowledge eccprin eccpubn eccnProduction, market, capital ecpcprin ecpcpubn ecpcnTotal eceprin ecipubn ecnPurpose\Partner Private enterprise Public institution TotalKnowledge neccprin neccpubn neccnProduction, market, capital necpcprin necpcpubn necpcnTotal neceprin necipubn necn*
Evolution of collaborationPercentage of firms that collaborate
1999 2001 2003 2005
Small 56.0% 58.8 %
50.3 %
50.9 %
Medium 80.0 %
51.6 %
49.4 %
56.6 %
Large 81.6 %
80.9 %
59.0 %
59.6 %
All 62.5 %
60.3 %
51.2 %
52.6 %
Average number of collaborations 1999 2001 2003 2005Small 2.8 4.0 3.2 4.7Medium 2.7 4.9 7.5 7.0Large 5.2 9.8 5.0 4.7All 3.1 5.1 4.1 5.1
19th September 2008 5 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Credit crunch in 2001 reduction in collaboration in 2003
With whom and why?Among those that collaborate 1999 2001 2003 2005With other firms 47.8
%61.5
%47.4
%62.3
%With public institutions 73.7
%48.2
%39.8
%68.6
%For knowledge purposes 96.0
%91.6
%65.7
%95.0
%For commercialisation purposes 57.6
%33.0
%42.2
%35.7
%
19th September 2008 6 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
1999 2001 2003 20050
50
100
150
200
250
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Firm Pub. Inst. % Firm % Pub. Inst.
1999 2001 2003 20050
50
100
150
200
250
300
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Know. Comm.% Know. % Comm.
With whom and why?Proportion among all firms 1999 2001 2003 2005With another firm 29.8
%37.0
%24.2
%36.4
%Small 25.4
%35.3
%24.6
%36.2
%Medium 53.4
%35.3
%29.2
%35.8
%Large 24.4
%48.2
%15.9
%38.9
%With a public institution 46.2
%29.0
%20.4
%36.1
%Small 38.1
%28.8
%19.0
%33.3
%Medium 65.0
%18.0
%17.3
%42.6
%Large 71.2
%44.8
%31.5
%47.3
%For knowledge purposes 60.1
%55.2
%33.7
%50.0
%For commercialization purposes 36.0
%19.9
%21.5
%18.8
%
19th September 2008 7 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Decrease over 4 years of collaboration with public institutions (increase in 2005)
With whom and why?Proportion among all firms 1999 2001 2003 2005With another firm 29.8
%37.0
%24.2
%36.4
%With a public institution 46.2
%29.0
%20.4
%36.1
%For knowledge purposes 60.1
%55.2
%33.7
%50.0
%Small 52.4
%52.7
%33.4
%47.8
%Medium 80.4
%49.5
%32.6
%57.2
%Large 80.4
%76.7
%36.4
%55.7
%For commercialization purposes 36.0
%19.9
%21.5
%18.8
%Small 33.9
%22.3
%22.8
%18.2
%Medium 48.8
%12.0
%16.2
%15.2
%Large 30.4
%16.1
%20.9
%28.7
%
19th September 2008 8 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Decrease over 4 years of knowledge–related collaboration (increase in 2005)
With whom and why?With firms for knowledge With pub. inst. for knowledge
2001 2003 2005 2001 2003 2005Small 35.35% 21.61% 31.30% Small 33.79% 19.21% 31.86%
Medium 40.24% 17.76% 35.75%
Medium 20.50% 21.14% 42.57%
Large 57.67% 12.61% 35.98% Large 47.95% 28.70% 47.31%All 38.95% 19.88% 32.47% All 33.35% 20.70% 35.04%
With firms for commercialisation
With pub. inst. for commercialisation
2001 2003 2005 2001 2003 2005Small 18.43% 16.77% 14.28% Small 6.16% 9.55% 6.55%
Medium 12.04% 13.68% 10.44%
Medium 0.00% 4.68% 4.68%
Large 16.13% 12.94% 14.63% Large 0.00% 13.34% 14.11%All 17.09% 15.81% 13.72% All 4.38% 9.27% 7.01%
19th September 2008 9 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Following the credit crunch of 2001, firms decreased dramatically their allianceswith other firms for knowledge purposes, but maintained their commercializationpartnershipsResurgence of knowledge-related alliances in 2004-5
Collaboration in general (negative binomial regressions)
Small SMEsNumber of collaborative arrangements
99 01 03 05 99 01 03 05
Number of employees (size) + +% of biotech employees + +Age - - -Spinoff + + +Products / Processes /+ /+ +/Number of products and processes + + + + + +Patents / Numbers /- /+ +/ +/Contracts out/in +/ /+ +/ /+ +/Number of contracts out /in +/ +/ +/% biotech revenue / % biotech exports
+/- /- +/-
Success raising capital / government funds
/+ +/ /+ +/19th September 2008 10 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Collaboration by typeSMEs (small) For knowledge For commercializationNb. collaborative arrangements
01 03 05 01 03 05
Number of employees (size) +(+) +% of biotech employees +Age (-) (-) -(-)Spinoff + (+) +(+) +(+)Products / Processes /+ /+ /-(-) /+(+)Number of products and processes
+(+) +(+) (+) +(+) +
Patents / Numbers /(+) /(-) +(+)/ /-(-)Contracts out/in +/+ + +/ /+
(+)Number of contracts out /in (+)/ +(+) +/ -/-(-)R&D$ / % biotech R&D +/ /+ (+)/ +/ -(-)/+
(+)% biotech revenue / % bio exports
/-(-) /-(-) /+(+)
+(+)/ -(-)/
Success K raising / gov’t funds
/+(+)
+/-(-)
+(+)/
+(+)/+
/+(+)
19th September 2008 11 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Collaboration by partnerSMEs (small) With firms Public InstitutionsNb. collaborative arrangements
01 03 05 01 03 05
Number of employees (size) -(-) +% of biotech employees +(+) +(+) +(+)Age -(-) (-) + (-) (+)Spinoff + + (+)Products / Processes /(+) -(-)/ +(+)/ /+ /+(+)Number of products and processes
+(+) +(+) +(+)
Patents / Numbers /(+) +(+)/ /(-) /(+) /(-)Contracts out/in /+
(+)/+(+) (+)/ +(+)/
Number of contracts out /in /- +(+)/-(-)
(+)/ -/+(+)
R&D$ / % biotech R&D /-(-) (+)/% biotech revenue / % bio exports
+(+)/ /-(-) /-(-) +/
Success K raising / gov’t funds
+(+)/ +/ /+(+)
/+(+)
19th September 2008 12 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Collaboration for knowledgeSMEs (small) With firms Public
InstitutionsNb. collaborative arrangements
01 03 05 01 03 05
Number of employees (size) (+) -(-) +% of biotech employees +(+) + (-) +(+)Age (-) (-) + (-) (+)Spinoff + + (+)Products / Processes +(+)/ (+)/
+/+
Number of products and processes
(+) +(+) +
Patents / Numbers /(+) (+)/ /(-) /(+) /(-)Contracts out/in /+
(+)+(+)/+
(+)/+(+) +/ +
(+)/-Number of contracts out /in -/- +(+)/-
(-)(+)/ -/+
(+)R&D$ / % biotech R&D + /(+) /-(-) (+)/% biotech revenue / % bio exports
/-(-) /-(-)
Success K raising / gov’t funds
+(+)/- /+(+)
+/-(-)
/(+)
19th September 2008 13 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Collaboration for commercializationSMEs (small) With firms Public InstitutionsNb. collaborative arrangements
01 03 05 01 03 05
Number of employees (size) (-)% of biotech employees +(+)Age -(-) + (+) (+)Spinoff +(+) +(+) (+)Products / Processes /-(-) /+ +(+)/ +
(+)//(+)
Number of products and processes
(+) +(+) +(+) +(+)
Patents / Numbers + +(+)/
/(-) /(-)
Contracts out/in /+(+)
/+(+)
+(+)/-(-)
Number of contracts out /in (+)/ -/-(-) +/ (+)/-R&D$ / % biotech R&D -(-)/+
(+)/- /(+) /+(+)
% biotech revenue / % bio exports
/(+) +/ -(-)/ + (+) -(-)/+
Success K raising / gov’t funds
+(+)/
+(+)/ /+(+)
(+)/(+)
/+(+)
19th September 2008 14 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
ConclusionsYounger firms collaborate in a greater number of alliancesSpinoffs in general are more likely to have a greater
number of collaborative arrangementsThe number of products and processes has a strong and
positive influence on the extent of collaborationPatents needed for commercialization but not for other types
of alliances (not in terms of numbers)Contracting out is no substitute for alliances
Contracting in makes use of the lab space that would otherwise be used for collaboration
Firms with more export revenues are further along the market path and require less to collaborate
19th September 2008 15 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Further researchFollow the firms over the years
Linked database at Statistics Canada (4 linked surveys)
Find out which firms survive and which firms disappearDiscover what are the success factors for firm
survival and successLink the databases with the science-base
networkFind the influence of the geographical and
technological space on industrial innovation19th September 2008 16 of 17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Thank youQuestions?Here is some of the work being done at École Polytechnique de Montréal
20th June 200817 of
17Factors that affect collaboration of small biotech firms
Hairy roots of the Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)