Categories of disease

• Genetic (born with – even if disease doesn’t develop till later in life)

• Infectious – Virus and bacterial• Environmental / Self-inflicted

Develop because of life habits or surroundings

• Combination – combination of any/all of above (especially genetic and environmental)

Diabetes

What is Diabetes?• A group of diseases characterized by high levels

of blood glucose (blood sugar) and associated with inability to make or regulate insulin.

• Can lead to serious health problems and premature death

NIDDK, National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet. HHS, NIH, 2005.

20.8 million Americans have diabetes with 1-2 million new cases being diagnosed each

year.

54 million US adults (over age 20) have pre-diabetes

EVERY 24 HOURS• New Cases – 4,100

• Deaths – 810

• Amputations – 230

• Kidney Failure – 120

• Blindness - 55

National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet. HHS, NIH, 2005.

Diabetes Complications• 2 in 3 people with diabetes die of heart

disease or stroke

• Diabetes is the #1 cause of adult blindness

• Diabetes is the #1 cause of kidney failure

• Diabetes causes more than 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations each year

NIDDK, National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet. HHS, NIH, 2005.

Insulin

A Protein made in the pancreas that regulates

glucose levels.

Type One• Genetic predisposition

• Usually onset in childhood or early teenage years

• 5-10% of diagnosed cases

• Immune system attacks pancreas which is where insulin is made.

Type Two Diabetes

• 90-95 % of all cases

• Linked to obesity, a sedentary (non-active) lifestyle, and a diet high in sugar

• Can begin at any age

Risk Factors for Diabetes• Age 45 and older• Overweight (BMI ≥ 25)• Hypertension• Abnormal lipid levels• Family history of diabetes• Race/ethnicity• History of gestational

diabetes

American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008; 31;(Suppl.1):S12-54.

• History of vascular disease• Signs of insulin resistance

(such as PCOS or

acanthosis nigricans)

• IGT or IFG on previous test• Inactive lifestyle

Diagnostic Criteria for Pre-diabetes and Diabetes

Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG)

2-Hour Glucose Challenge Test

Acceptable Below 100 mg/dl Below 140 mg/dl

Pre-diabetes

100-125 mg/dl (IFG) 140-199 mg/dl (IGT)

Diabetes 126 mg/dl or above 200 mg/dl or above

American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008; 31;(Suppl.1):S12-54.

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The Great Limiting FactorThe Great Limiting Factor

•Weight gain, diet and exercise

Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia Prevention StrategiesPrevention StrategiesMonitoring

Obesity Trends1990 2001

Diabetes Trends1990 2001

BRFSS, 1990- 2001

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Diabetes Education Program is jointly sponsored by the

National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the support of more than 200 partner organizations.

For more information about NDEP and to order free diabetes materials:

Call 1-888-693-NDEP (6337)

or

Click www.YourDiabetesInfo.org