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Catalyst: Monday 11/5. Classify the following as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture: Diet Coke Cap’n Crunch cereal Strontium (Sr) Sugar . Week 9 HW: 11/5-11/9. Today’s Plan. Catalyst Study Guide Problems Review - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Catalyst: Monday 11/5
Classify the following as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture:
- Diet Coke- Cap’n Crunch cereal- Strontium (Sr)- Sugar
Date Assignment
Monday 11/5 Finish the rest of the questions on the study guide
Tuesday 11/6 Study for the Midterm
Wednesday 11/7 [MIDTERM TODAY!]TBA
Thursday 11/8 Book Problems: 4, 13, 17, 19, 41
Friday 11/9 [Ion Quiz # 5 – All polyatomics minus exceptions]Naming Problem Set DUE Monday
Week 9 HW: 11/5-11/9
Catalyst Study Guide Problems Review Naming Type I, Type II, and Type IV
Compounds Naming Type III Compounds
Today’s Plan
Type I = ionic compounds with monatomic cations and anions
Type II = ionic compounds with variable charge cations and monatomic anions
Type IV = ionic compounds with polyatomic ions
Type I, Type II, Type IV
Always name the cation before the anion Remember, paws first! …that’s how cats
land.
Naming them:
Did I take this analogy too far?
…maybe
But you’ll remember! (for life)
Paws first, then… Just name the ions!
◦ [cation name] [anion name] For example (Type I):
◦ NaCl = sodium chloride◦ Ag2O = silver oxide◦ MgF2 = magnesium fluoride
Naming them:
You try (Type IV)
Formula Name
AgNO3
K2SO4
BaNO3
Silver nitrate
Potassium sulfate
Barium nitrate
Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has!
For example:◦ FeO = iron (II) oxide◦ Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide◦ NiH2 = nickel (II) hydride◦ NiBr3 = nickel (III) bromide
Type II – Variable Charge
Type III = covalent compounds with only nonmetals
Key: these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different.
Type III Naming
1. Name the first element using the element name: boron
2. Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine)
3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms:◦ 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 3 fluorine: tri-
◦boron trifluoride
Name BF3
1. Name 1st element: nitrogen
2. Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide
3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms◦ 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 1 oxygen: mono-
◦nitrogen monoxide
Name NO
Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary.
If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)
Some tips
Number of atoms Prefix1 mono-2 di-3 tri-4 tetra-5 penta-6 hexa-
Prefixes!
Try some! P4O6 SO2 Dinitrogen trioxide PCl5 Sulfur dioxide Bromine pentafluoride
tetrahosphorus hexoxide
Sulfur dioxide N2O3 Phosphorus
pentachloride SO2 BrF5
Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html
Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html
(Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)
Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice!
Catalyst: Thursday 11/8
• Complete #4 from the Reflection Sheet in class.
• Define the following vocab terms:• Binary compound• Ionic compound• Covalent compound• Metal vs. non-metal• Polyatomic ion
Date Assignment
Monday 11/5 Finish the rest of the questions on the study guide
Tuesday 11/6 Study for the Midterm
Wednesday 11/7 [MIDTERM TODAY!]Flow chart
Thursday 11/8 Book Problems: 4, 13, 17, 19, 41Reflection Sheet
Friday 11/9 [Ion Quiz # 5 – All polyatomics minus exceptions]Naming Problem Set DUE Wednesday
Week 9 HW: 11/5-11/9
Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water
First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste
An acid is an anion with one or more H+ attached to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.
Acid Naming (last type!)
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…HCl
1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the element:
chlorinechloride
hydrochloric acid
Name for HCl? What kind of compound is it?
Acid Naming Rules 1
Are they both ions? Is it covalent? …they are both ions!
hydrogen chloride
…dissolves in water to form: hydrochloric acid.
HCl
If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…HCN
1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the element:
cyanidehydrocyanic acid
Name for HCN? What kind of compound is it?
Acid Naming Rules 1
Are they both ions? Is it covalent? …cyanide is a polyatomic ion and hydrogen
can also be an ion so it is ionic!
hydrogen cyanide
…dissolves in water to form: hydrocyanic acid
HCN
Acids are ionic compounds that dissolve in water to form a solution that we name as an acid.
They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.
If the anion DOES contain oxygen…H2SO4
1. Take the root name of the central element or the anion name and add a suffix:-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen sulfate…sulfuric acid
Acid Naming Rules 2
If the anion DOES contain oxygen…H2NO2
1. Take the root name of the central element and add a suffix:-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite
hydrogen nitrite…nitrous acid
Acid Naming Rules 2
perchloratechloratechlorite
hypochlorite
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClO
Acid Naming Rules 2
perchloric acidchloric acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
perbromatebromatebromite
hypobromite
HBrO4
HBrO3
HBrO2
HBrO
Acid Naming Rules 2
perbromic acidbromic acid
hypobromous acid
bromous acid
Acid Naming Summary
Naming Type 1 Naming Type 2
NO Oxygen
Always:
Hydro[anion root]icacid
CONTAINS Oxygen What is the key
element? How many oxygens
does it have?
(prefix)[element](suffix)
acid