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Office of the Vice-Chancellor
Catalysing YouthEmpowermentfortheFourthIndustrialRevolution
Tjama TjivikuaFoundingVice-Chancellor Wednesday,16January2019
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
TheFourIndustrialRevolutions
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
TheThreeSectorModel ClarkSectorModel
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
1637– ReneDescartesbreaksdownthedifferenceinAI
• Pondered the possibility that machines would one day think andmake decisions.
• Proferred they would never be able to talk like humans.• Identified a division between:
• Machines performingone specific task (specialised AI), and• Machines able to adapt to any job (general AI).
Industrialisation isnota21st Centuryinvention
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
1956– JohnMcCarthy: Thebirthof"artificialintelligence"(AI)
• Dartmouth College professor McCarthy coins the term "artificialintelligence": natural language processing, computer vision, neuralnetworks, machine learning, …
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
1939 World’s Fair
• General Motors predicted the eventual arrival of driverless vehicles.
• 1961 - The Stanford CartOriginally built to explore how lunar vehicles might function, thenrepurposed as an autonomous road vehicle.
• 2015 – General Motors: “Machines see better than humans.”
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
1991– TimBerners-Lee:ThebirthoftheInternet
• CERN researcher Berners-Lee put the world's first website onlineand published the workings of the hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP).
• Computers connected to share data for decades, mainly ateducational institutionsand large businesses.
• Worldwide web was the catalyst for society at large to plug itselfinto the online world: millions of people from every part of theworld would be connected, generating and sharing data.
• The fuel of AI
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
2010– ImageNet
• Algorithms compete to show proficiency in recognising anddescribing a library of 1,000 images – declare that machines are nowoutperforming humans.
• Since 2010, the accuracy rate of the winning algorithm increasedfrom 71.8% to 97.3% - promoting researchers to declare thatcomputers could identify objects in visual data more accurately thanhumans.
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
2018- Googlespin-off Waymo’s self-drivingtaxiservice
• LaunchofWaymo’s self-drivingtaxi serviceinPhoenix,Arizona.
• Firstcommercialautonomousvehiclehireservice.
• WaymoOnecurrentlyinuseby400membersofthepublicwhopaytobedriventotheirschoolsandworkplaceswithina100squaremilearea.
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
• Industry 4.0, I4.0 or I4 describes automation and data exchange inmanufacturing technologies. It encompasses cyber-physical systems,the Internet of things, cloud computingand cognitive computing.
• Industry 4.0 optimizes the computerization of Industry 3.0:a combination of cyber-physical systems. The Internet of Things(IoT) and the Internet of Systems (IoS)
• Smart factory a reality.
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• Servicesandbusinessmodels• Reliabilityandcontinuousproductivity• Productlifecycles• Industryvaluechain• Workers'educationandskills(Insufficientqualificationof
employees)• Socio-economicfactors• Lackofregulation,standardandformsofcertifications
ImpactofIndustry4.0
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
a. Lack of understanding of I4.0 resulting in reluctance or lowcommitment from policy-makers and top management ofcompanies or stakeholders
b. A gap of comprehension concerning the nature of industry 4.0betweenwell-developed countries and developingcountries.
c. Unclear economic benefits/ Excessive investmentd. Lack of adequate skill-sets to expedite the march towards I4.0e. Protection of industrial know-howf. Threat of redundancy of the corporate IT departmentsg. Loss of (many) jobs to automatic processes and IT-controlled
processes, especially for lower educated parts of societyh. Unclear legal issues and data security
SomeChallengesofIndustry4.0
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
1. EncouragingstudentstomastertheIoT2. Usingdigitaltechnologytoincreasetheproductivityand
competitivenessofmicro,smallandmediumenterprises3. Adoptingaugmentedreality,thecloudsystem,thecybersecurity,
autonomousrobotsandbigdata4. Innovationoftechnologythroughstart-upcompaniesbyfacilitating
thebusinessincubation
SupportingI4.0(atuniversity)
- BernardMarr,2018
ImpactofPopulationonI4.0
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
NamibianEconomy
Source:NSA,2013
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
MITproducedafree-of-chargetooltohelpcountriesworkouthowbesttodiversify,giventheirexistingindustriesandskills:
https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en
The Observatory ofEconomicComplexity
Innovate
DiversifytheEconomy
Paths to SuccessThreeways to innovate your business model
Office of the Vice-Chancellor
ThankYou.
13 JacksonKaujeua StreetPrivateBag 13388WindhoekNAMIBIA
T: +264612072001F: +264612079001E: [email protected]: www.nust.na
